US20170088920A1 - Thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Improved wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products are disclosed. The improved wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products generally include 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.4-2.2 wt. % Mg, 1.3-2.5 wt. % Cu and 0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr. The improved wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products generally have a thickness of from 3.0 inches to 12 inches, and realize an improved combination of properties, such an improved combination of crack deviation resistance, strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This patent application is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2016/031525, filed May 9, 2016, which claims benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/159,768, filed May 11, 2015, both entitled “IMPROVED THICK WROUGHT 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS, AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME”, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
• Aluminum alloys are useful in a variety of applications. However, improving one property of an aluminum alloy without degrading another property is elusive. For example, it is difficult to increase the strength of a wrought aluminum alloy without affecting other properties such as fracture toughness or corrosion resistance. Another property of interest is “crack deviation”, where a crack abruptly changes direction from the intended or expected fracture plane under fatigue loading (e.g., Mode I loading). Crack deviation can be a problem for aircraft manufacturers in some applications because it is difficult to take into account during design. FIG. 13 shows crack deviation of a constant load amplitude fatigue crack growth test specimen.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
• Broadly, the present patent application relates to improved thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products, and methods for producing the same. The new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products may realize an improved combination of crack deviation resistance and at least one of strength, elongation, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance, among other properties.
• The new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products generally contain 0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr and have a nominal thickness of from 3.0 to 12.0 inches (7.62-30.48 cm). The new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloys also generally contain 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg, and 1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu. The new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloys may contain up to 0.50 wt. % Mn, up to 0.15 wt. % Zr, up to 0.15 wt. % Ti, up to 0.15 wt. % Si, and up to 0.15 wt. % Fe, the balance being aluminum and other elements, wherein the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes not greater than 0.05 wt. % of any one of the other elements, and wherein the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes not greater than 0.15 wt. % in total of the other elements. In one embodiment, a new wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes 0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr and 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr. In another embodiment, a new wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes 0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, a new wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes 0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr, 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn, and 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr.
• As shown by the below examples, the use of chromium, optionally in combination with zirconium and/or manganese, facilitates achievement of improved crack deviation resistance properties. Thus, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products generally contain a sufficient amount of chromium to obtain improved crack deviation resistance properties as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. As used herein, an “equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product” is of an equivalent composition, form, thickness and temper as the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, but contains not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. For instance, if a conventional 7085 aluminum alloy plate product, having a nominal thickness of 5.00 inches, is artificially aged to achieve a typical tensile yield strength (L) of about 70 ksi, then an improved new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy according to the invention would have an equivalent composition to the conventional 7085 aluminum alloy plate product, but would also include 0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr, optionally with 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and/or 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn, as provided below. Such an improved new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy accordingly would also be a plate product, would have a nominal thickness of 5.00 inches, and would also be artificially aged to achieve a typical tensile yield strength (L) of about 70 ksi. The improved new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy, however, would achieve at least 5% better (higher) typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev at a strength of 70 ksi as compared to the conventional 7085 aluminum alloy plate product, and at least partially due to the use of chromium, optionally with manganese and/or zirconium.
• During fatigue crack growth testing of C(T) specimens in the L-S orientation, there is a strong driving force for cracks to abruptly deviate at approximately 90 degrees (typically 70-110 degrees) primarily along grain boundaries aligned in the preferred microstructural direction (i.e. longitudinal direction). In the new alloys described herein, Cr-containing and Mn-containing dispersoid phases (fine intermetallic phases typically between ˜20 and ˜200 nm in size) form in a relatively homogeneous manner across the grain structure during processing of 7xxx aluminum alloys. The likely Cr-containing dispersoid phase in 7xxx alloys is E phase (Al₁₈Mg₂Cr₃). Mn can partially substitute for Cr in E phase but will also likely form separate dispersoid phases (e.g., Al₆Mn, Al₁₂(Mn,Fe)₃Si]. Such dispersoids are believed to help keep the fatigue crack stay in plane through void initiation and growth ahead of the crack-tip. Zirconium forms Al₃Zr, which, in combination with the E phase and/or Mn-containing dispersoids, may further facilitate improved crack deviation resistance.
• In one embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 10% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 12% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 14% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 16% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 18% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a
• • % improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 22% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 24% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 26% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 28% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product realizes at least a 30% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In any of these embodiments, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may realize at least equivalent L-T plane strain fracture toughness to the equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength. In any of these embodiments, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may realize at least equivalent corrosion resistance (e.g., stress corrosion cracking resistance, exfoliation corrosion resistance) to the equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength.
• As described above, chromium may facilitate improved crack deviation resistance properties. However, too much chromium may result in unnecessary degradation of strength and/or fracture toughness. Thus, the amount of chromium in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products may be limited to facilitate achievement of the improved combination of properties described herein. Further, the amount of chromium required to achieve the improved combination of properties may vary over the different types of 7xxx alloys described herein (e.g., due to magnesium content), but the amount of chromium required generally falls within the range of 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr, keeping in mind to limit the amount of chromium so as to avoid coarse chromium particles.
• In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes an amount of chromium (in weight percent) falling within the scope of the following equations:
• 
  Cr_(min)=0.251−0.082(Mg), wherein Cr_(min)≧0.080; and  (1)
• 
  Cr_(max)=0.351−0.082(Mg), wherein Cr_(max)≦0.25;  (2)
• where Mg is the amount of magnesium (in weight percent) in a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and where the amount of chromium (in weight percent) in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is at least as high as Cr(_min), but the amount of chromium in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product does not exceed Cr(_max). For instance, if a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes 1.65 wt. % Mg, then this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may contain from 0.116 to 0.216 wt. % Cr per the above equations. In one embodiment, Cr_(max)=0.341−0.082(Mg). In another embodiment, Cr_(max)=0.331−0.082(Mg). In yet another embodiment, Cr_(max)=0.321−0.082(Mg). In another embodiment, Cr_(max)=0.311−0.082(Mg). In yet another embodiment, Cr_(max)=0.301−0.082(Mg). In another embodiment, Cr_(max)=0.291−0.082(Mg). In yet another embodiment, Cr_(max)=0.281−0.082(Mg). In one embodiment, Cr_(min)=0.261−0.082(Mg). In another embodiment, Cr_(min)=0.271−0.082(Mg).
• As noted above, the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.15 wt. % Zr (e.g., 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr). In one embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.09 to 0.13 wt. % Zr. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.09 to 0.11 wt. % Zr. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.10 to 0.12 wt. % Zr. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.07 to 0.09 wt. % Zr. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.11 to 0.13 wt. % Zr. In some embodiments, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products are essentially free of zirconium, containing not greater than 0.03 wt. % Zr, or not greater than 0.01 wt. % Zr, or not greater than 0.005 wt. % Zr, or not greater than 0.001 wt. % Zr.
• As noted above, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.50 wt. % Mn. The amount of Mn should be limited so as to avoid detrimentally impacting the combination of strength, fracture toughness and crack deviation resistance. As shown by the below examples, some manganese may be included in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product. In one embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.15 to 0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.20 to 0.50 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.25 to 0.45 wt. % Mn. In other embodiments, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes not greater than 0.15 wt. % Mn, such as not greater than 0.10 wt. % Mn, or not greater than 0.05 wt. % Mn, or not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn.
• The new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products generally contain an amount of chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 34 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 35 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 36 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 37 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 38 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 39 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 40 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 41 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy products contain an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 42 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 43 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 44 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the chromium sufficient to obtain a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 45 ksi√in. as measured on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, and at least equivalent strength to that of an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn.
• In one approach, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize all of (a) a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev (L-S K_max-dev) of at least 34 ksi√in, (b) a typical L tensile yield strength (TYS(L)) of at least 60 ksi, and (c) a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 19 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper. In one embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+92.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev.
• In one embodiment relating to achievement of a typical L tensile yield strength (TYS(L)) of at least 60 ksi and a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 19 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, as provided above, the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg, and 1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu, and further the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is selected to comply with (and does contain/comply with) the boundaries of equations (3) and (4), below.
Equation (3) is:
• $\mathrm{Mg}\ge \frac{\left(\begin{array}{c}A3*\mathrm{Cu}+B3*\mathrm{Zn}+C3*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ D3*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+E3*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+F3\end{array}\right)}{\left(\begin{array}{c}G3*\mathrm{Cu}+H3*\mathrm{Zn}+I3*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ J3*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+K3*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+1\end{array}\right)}$
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (3) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A3	−2.1573
  	B3	−0.0027
  	C3	−0.1731
  	D3	2.6269
  	E3	0.0826
  	F3	4.4526
  	G3	−0.2117
  	H3	0.1916
  	I3	−0.0106
  	J3	−0.3406
  	K3	−0.0098

Equation (4) is:
• 
  Mg≦(A4+B4*Zn+C4*(Zn−8)²+D4*(Zn−8)³+E4*(Zn−8)⁴+F4*Cu+G4*Cu*Zn+H4*Cu*(Zn−8)²+I4*Cu*(Zn−8)³+J4*Cu*(Zn−8)⁴)
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (4) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A4	1.9304
  	B4	0.1087
  	C4	−0.0158
  	D4	0.0079
  	E4	−0.0018
  	F4	0.6588
  	G4	−0.1282
  	H4	0.0063
  	I4	−0.0031
  	J4	0.0007

• In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize all of (a) a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 34 ksi√in, (b) a typical L tensile yield strength of at least 63 ksi, and (c) a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 21 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper. In one embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+92.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev.
• In one embodiment relating to achievement of a typical L tensile yield strength (TYS(L)) of at least 63 ksi and a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 21 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, as provided above, the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg, and 1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu, and further the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is selected to comply with (and does contain/comply with) the boundaries of equations (5) and (6), below.
Equation (5) is:
• $\mathrm{Mg}\ge \frac{\left(\begin{array}{c}A5*\mathrm{Cu}+B5*\mathrm{Zn}+C5*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ D5*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+E5*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+F5\end{array}\right)}{\left(\begin{array}{c}G5*\mathrm{Cu}+H5*\mathrm{Zn}+I5*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ J5*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+K5*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+1\end{array}\right)}$
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (5) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A5	−2.676
  	B5	0.014
  	C5	−0.2327
  	D5	3.2411
  	E5	0.1016
  	F5	5.9836
  	G5	−0.2805
  	H5	0.2631
  	I5	−0.017
  	J5	−0.5005
  	K5	−0.0148

Equation (6) is:
• 
  Mg≦(A6+B6*Zn+C6*(Zn−8)²+D6*(Zn−8)³+E6*(Zn−8)⁴+F6*Cu+G6*Cu*Zn+H6*Cu*(Zn−8)²+I6*Cu*(Zn−8)³+J6*Cu*(Zn−8)⁴)
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (6) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A6	2.0238
  	B6	0.0905
  	C6	−0.0072
  	D6	0.0058
  	E6	−0.0021
  	F6	0.5835
  	G6	−0.121
  	H6	0.0029
  	I6	−0.0023
  	J6	0.0008

• In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize all of (a) a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 34 ksi√in, (b) a typical L tensile yield strength of at least 66 ksi, and (c) a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 21 ksi√in. relative to a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper. In one embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+92.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev.
• In one embodiment relating to achievement of a typical L tensile yield strength (TYS(L)) of at least 66 ksi and a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 21 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, as provided above, the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg, and 1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu, and further the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is selected to comply with (and does contain/comply with) the boundaries of equations (7) and (8), below.
Equation (7) is:
• $\mathrm{Mg}\ge \frac{\left(\begin{array}{c}A7*\mathrm{Cu}+B7*\mathrm{Zn}+C7*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ D7*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+E7*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+F7\end{array}\right)}{\left(\begin{array}{c}G7*\mathrm{Cu}+H7*\mathrm{Zn}+I3*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ J7*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+K7*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+1\end{array}\right)}$
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (7) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A7	−3.6882
  	B7	0.0616
  	C7	−0.343
  	D7	4.3737
  	E7	0.1352
  	F7	8.7149
  	G7	−0.4299
  	H7	0.4023
  	I7	−0.0255
  	J7	−0.7985
  	K7	−0.0251

Equation (8) is:
• 
  Mg≦(A8+B8*Zn+C8*(Zn−8)²+D8*(Zn−8)³+E8*(Zn−8)⁴+F8*Cu+G8*Cu*Zn+H8*Cu*(Zn−8)²+I8*Cu*(Zn−8)³+J8*Cu*(Zn−8)⁴)
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (8) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A8	2.0238
  	B8	0.0905
  	C8	−0.0072
  	D8	0.0058
  	E8	−0.0021
  	F8	0.5835
  	G8	−0.121
  	H8	0.0029
  	I8	−0.0023
  	J8	0.0008

• In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize all of (a) a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 34 ksi√in, (b) a typical L tensile yield strength of at least 66 ksi, and (c) a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 24 ksi√in. relative to a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper. In one embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+92.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev.
• In one embodiment relating to achievement of a typical L tensile yield strength (TYS(L)) of at least 66 ksi and a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 24 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, as provided above, the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg, and 1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu, and further the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is selected to comply with (and does contain/comply with) the boundaries of equations (9) and (10), below.
Equation (9) is:
• $\mathrm{Mg}\ge \frac{\left(\begin{array}{c}A9*\mathrm{Cu}+B9*\mathrm{Zn}+C9*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ D9*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+E9*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+F9\end{array}\right)}{\left(\begin{array}{c}G9*\mathrm{Cu}+H9*\mathrm{Zn}+I3*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ J9*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+K9*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+1\end{array}\right)}$
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (9) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A9	−3.6882
  	B9	0.0616
  	C9	−0.343
  	D9	4.3737
  	E9	0.1352
  	F9	8.7149
  	G9	−0.4299
  	H9	0.4023
  	I9	−0.0255
  	J9	−0.7985
  	K9	−0.0251

Equation (10) is:
• 
  Mg≦(A10+B10*Zn+C10*(Zn−8)²+D10*(Zn−8)³+E10*(Zn−8)⁴+F10*Cu+G10*Cu*Zn+H10*Cu*(Zn−8)²+I10*Cu*(Zn−8)³+J10*Cu*(Zn−8)⁴)
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (10) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A10	2.1711
  	B10	0.0615
  	C10	−0.0088
  	D10	0.0046
  	E10	0.0008
  	F10	0.457
  	G10	−0.1078
  	H10	0.0041
  	I10	−0.0023
  	J10	−0.0005

• In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize all of (a) a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 34 ksi (b) a typical L tensile yield strength of at least 68 ksi, and (c) a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 27 ksi√in. relative to a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper. In one embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+92.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev.
• In one embodiment relating to achievement of a typical L tensile yield strength (TYS(L)) of at least 68 ksi and a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 27 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, as provided above, the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg, and 1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu, and further the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is selected to comply with (and does contain/comply with) the boundaries of equations (11) and (12), below.
Equation (11) is:
• $\mathrm{Mg}\ge \frac{\left(\begin{array}{c}A11*\mathrm{Cu}+B11*\mathrm{Zn}+C11*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ D11*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+E11*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+F11\end{array}\right)}{\left(\begin{array}{c}G11*\mathrm{Cu}+H11*\mathrm{Zn}+I11*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ J11*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+K11*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+1\end{array}\right)}$
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (11) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A11	−4.8188
  	B11	0.1379
  	C11	−0.4353
  	D11	5.4328
  	E11	0.1644
  	F11	11.5481
  	G11	−0.6569
  	H11	0.5588
  	I11	−0.0183
  	J11	−1.1871
  	K11	−0.038

Equation (12) is:
• 
  Mg≦(A12+B12*Zn+C12*(Zn−8)²+D12*(Zn−8)³+E12*(Zn−8)⁴+F12*Cu+G12*Cu*Zn+H12*Cu*(Zn−8)²+I12*Cu*(Zn−8)³+J12*Cu*(Zn−8)⁴)
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (12) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A12	2.1728
  	B12	0.0471
  	C12	0.0075
  	D12	0.0034
  	E12	−0.0002
  	F12	0.4014
  	G12	−0.1016
  	H12	−0.0041
  	I12	−0.002
  	J12	0

• In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize all of (a) a typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev of at least 34 ksi√in, (b) a typical L tensile yield strength of at least 70 ksi, and (c) a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 29 ksi√in. relative to a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper. In one embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+92.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+93.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+94.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+95.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+96.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+97.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+98.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.11, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev. In yet another embodiment, this new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product contains an amount of the Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr sufficient to realize the above strength and crack deviation properties and such that the realized L-S K_max-dev and TYS(L) satisfy the expression y≧−0.8184x+99.61, where x is the TYS(L) and y is the L-S K_max-dev.
• In one embodiment relating to achievement of a typical L tensile yield strength (TYS(L)) of at least 70 ksi and a typical L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness of at least 29 ksi√in. relative to (as measured on) a rolled 5.00 inch version of the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 or T7651 temper, as provided above, the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is 6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn, 1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg, and 1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu, and further the amount of Zn, Mg and Cu in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is selected to comply with (and does contain/comply with) the boundaries of equations (13) and (14), below.
Equation (13) is:
• $\mathrm{Mg}\ge \frac{\left(\begin{array}{c}A13*\mathrm{Cu}+B13*\mathrm{Zn}+C13*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ D13*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+E13*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+F13\end{array}\right)}{\left(\begin{array}{c}G13*\mathrm{Cu}+H13*\mathrm{Zn}+I13*\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)*\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)+\\ J13*{\left(\mathrm{Cu}-1.9\right)}^2+K13*{\left(\mathrm{Zn}-8\right)}^2+1\end{array}\right)}$
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (13) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A13	−7.2311
  	B13	0.3381
  	C13	−0.538
  	D13	7.1904
  	E13	0.2065
  	F13	17.0533
  	G13	−1.1717
  	H13	0.8888
  	I13	0.0286
  	J13	−2.1298
  	K13	−0.0709

Equation (14) is:
• 
  Mg≦(A14+B14*Zn+C14*(Zn−8)²+D14*(Zn−8)³+E14*(Zn−8)⁴+F14*Cu+G14*Cu*Zn+H14*Cu*(Zn−8)²+I14*Cu*(Zn−8)³+J14*Cu*(Zn−8)⁴)
• wherein Zn, Mg, and Cu are the amount of the Zn, the Mg and the Cu contained in the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, and wherein the equation (14) coefficients are:

• 	Coefficient	Value

  	A14	2.073
  	B14	0.0504
  	C14	0.012
  	D14	0.0019
  	E14	−0.001
  	F14	0.4186
  	G14	−0.1044
  	H14	−0.0073
  	I14	−0.0012
  	J14	0.0006

• As noted above, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.15 wt. % Ti. Titanium may be used to facilitate grain refining during casting, such as by using TiB₂ or TiC. Elemental titanium may also or alternatively be used. In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes from 0.005 to 0.025 wt. % Ti.
• As noted above, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.15 wt. % Si and up to 0.15 wt. % Fe as impurities. The amount of silicon and iron may be limited so as to avoid detrimentally impacting the combination of strength, fracture toughness and crack deviation resistance. In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.10 wt. % Si and up to 0.12 wt. % Fe as impurities. In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.08 wt. % Si and up to 0.10 wt. % Fe as impurities. In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.06 wt. % Si and up to 0.08 wt. % Fe as impurities. In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.04 wt. % Si and up to 0.06 wt. % Fe as impurities. In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product may include up to 0.03 wt. % Si and up to 0.05 wt. % Fe as impurities.
• As noted above, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 3.0 to 12.0 inches (7.62-30.48 cm). In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 3.0 to 10.0 inches (7.62-25.4 cm). In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 3.0 to 8.0 inches (7.62-20.3 cm). In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 3.0 to 6.0 inches (7.62-15.24 cm). In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 3.0 to 5.0 inches (7.62-12.7 cm).
• In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 4.0 to 12.0 inches (10.16-30.48 cm). In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 4.0 to 10.0 inches (10.16-25.4 cm). In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 4.0 to 8.0 inches (10.16-20.3 cm). In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 4.0 to 6.0 inches (10.16-15.24 cm). In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 4.0 to 5.0 inches (10.16-12.7 cm).
• In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 5.0 to 12.0 inches (12.7-30.48 cm). In one embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 5.0 to 10.0 inches (12.7-25.4 cm). In another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 5.0 to 8.0 inches (12.7-20.3 cm). In yet another embodiment, the new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product has a thickness of from 5.0 to 6.0 inches (12.7-15.24 cm).
• In one embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is a rolled product. In another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is an extruded product. In yet another embodiment, a new thick wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product is a forged product (e.g., a hand forged product, a die forged product).
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7085 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.08-0.15 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7085. In one embodiment, the new 7085 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7085 alloy includes 0.104-0.250 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7085 alloy includes all of 0.104-0.250 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the new 7085 alloy includes from 1.40 to 1.60 wt. % Mg, and thus includes from 0.120 to 0.236 wt. % Cr. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x85 alloys, such as 7185.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7065 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.05-0.15 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7065. In one embodiment, the new 7065 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7065 alloy includes 0.104-0.228 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7065 alloy includes all of 0.104-0.228 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the 7065 alloy includes from 1.55 to 1.75 wt. % Mg, and thus includes from 0.107 to 0.224 wt. % Cr. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x65 alloys.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7040 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.05-0.12 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7040. In one embodiment, the new 7040 alloy includes 0.08-0.228 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7040 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.228 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the new 7040 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x40 alloys, such as 7140.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7050 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.08-0.15 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7050. In one embodiment, the new 7050 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7050 alloy includes 0.08-0.193 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7050 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.193 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the 7050 alloy includes from 1.95 to 2.30 wt. % Mg, and thus includes from 0.080 to 0.191 wt. % Cr. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x50 alloys, such as 7150 and 7250.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7055 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.08-0.25 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7055. In one embodiment, the new 7055 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7055 alloy includes 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7055 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the 7055 alloy includes from 1.85 to 2.05 wt. % Mg, and thus includes from 0.083 to 0.200 wt. % Cr. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x50 alloys, such as 7150 and 7250.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7136 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.10-0.20 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7136. In one embodiment, the new 7136 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7136 alloy includes 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7136 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x36 alloys, such as 7036.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7010 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.10-0.16 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7010. In one embodiment, the new 7010 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7010 alloy includes 0.08-0.179 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7010 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.179 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x10 alloys.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7081 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.06-0.15 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7081. In one embodiment, the new 7081 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7081 alloy includes 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7081 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x81 alloys, such as 7181.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7099 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.05-0.15 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7099. In one embodiment, the new 7099 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7099 alloy includes 0.08-0.220 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7099 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.220 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x99 alloys, such as 7199.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7449 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the new 7449 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7449 alloy includes 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7449 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.203 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x49 alloys, such as 7049, 7149, 7249, and 7349.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7075 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the new 7075 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7075 alloy includes 0.08-0.179 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7075 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.179 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x75 alloys, such as 7175 and 7475.
• In one embodiment, the new 7xxx aluminum alloy is a 7097 alloy (as defined by the Aluminum Association Teal Sheets document, described below) modified to include 0.080 to 0.250 wt. % Cr. In one embodiment, the chromium is a substitute for (in whole or in part) the 0.08-0.15 wt. % Zr specified in alloy 7097. In one embodiment, the new 7097 alloy includes chromium within the Cr_(min) and Cr_(max) limits, described above. In one embodiment, the new 7075 alloy includes 0.08-0.220 wt. % Cr and at least one of (a) 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and (b) 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the new 7097 alloy includes all of 0.08-0.220 wt. % Cr, 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn. The teachings of this paragraph also apply to other 7x97 alloys.
DEFINITIONS
• As used herein, “typical longitudinal (L) tensile yield strength” or TYS(L) is determined in accordance with ASTM B557-10 and by measuring the tensile yield strength (TYS) in the longitudinal direction (L) at the T/4 location from at least three different lots of material, and with at least duplicate specimens being tested for each lot, for a total of at least 6 different measured specimen values, with the typical TYS(L) being the average of the at least 6 different measured specimen values.
• As used herein, typical plane strain fracture toughness (K_IC) (L-T)” or L-T K_IC is determined in accordance with ASTM E399-12, by measuring the plane strain fracture toughness in the L-T direction at the T/4 location from at least three different lots of material using a C(T) specimen, where “W” is 4.0 inches and “B” is 2.0 inches, with at least duplicate specimens being tested for each lot, for a total of at least 6 different measured specimen values, and with the typical plane strain fracture toughness (K_IC) (L-T) being the average of the at least 6 different valid K_IC measured specimen values.
• As used herein, “typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev” is determined by preparing at least triplicate C(T) specimens in accordance with ASTM E647-13e01, entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates” (“ASTM E647”). The at least triplicate C(T) specimens are taken in the L-S direction from between width/3 and 2width/3 of the material, where the “B” dimension of the specimen is 0.25 inch (6.35 mm) and the “W” dimension of the specimen is 3.0 inches (7.62 cm), and with the notch tip at T/2. The test specimens are tested per the constant load amplitude test method of ASTM E647, with R=0.1 (equal to P_min/P_max), high humidity air (relative humidity of >90%), at room temperature. The pre-crack must meet all validity requirements of ASTM E647, and the pre-cracking must be performed at the same loading conditions as the test. The test is started using a K_max>10 ksi√in. (11.1 MPa√m), and the starting force must be large enough that crack deviation occurs before the ASTM E647 C(T) specimen validity requirement ((W−a)≧(4/π)*(K_max-dev/TYS)²) is no longer met for the test. The test must be valid per ASTM E647 up to the point of crack deviation. A crack “deviates” when the crack of the C(T) specimen substantially deviates from the intended fracture plane (e.g., by 70-110°) in any direction, and the deviation leads to specimen separation along an unintended fracture plane. The average crack length at deviation (a_dev) is derived by using the weighted average of (i) the two surface values (front and back values) and (ii) one mid-thickness value (center value); weighted average (a_dev)=(front+back+2*center)/4). K_max-dev is the maximum stress-intensity factor calculated by using the average crack length at deviation (a_dev), maximum applied force (P_max), and the stress-intensity factor expression per ASTM E647 A1.5.1.1 for the C(T) specimen (Note: AK and AP should be replaced by K_max-dev and P_max, respectively, per the stress ratio relationship R=K_min/K_max and ΔK=K_max−K_min, as defined in ASTM E647 3.2.14).
• In order to set a baseline to determine whether an aluminum alloy contains an amount of Zn, Mg, Cu and/or Cr, optionally supplementing the Cr with Mn and/or Zr, sufficient to achieve the above-noted properties, the typical TYS(L), the typical L-T K_IC, and/or the typical L-S K_max-dev are generally required to be determined on a rolled 5.00 inch version of the 7xxx aluminum alloy product in the T7451 and the T7651 tempers. Thus, even though an actual product may not be 5.00 inches thick, or may not be rolled, this actual product would still have a sufficient amount of Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr, optionally with Mn and/or Zr, as per this patent application, if that actual product would meet the property requirements when in the form of a rolled 5.00 inch version of the 7xxx aluminum alloy product in either the T7451 or the T7651 temper. As used herein, a “rolled 5.00 inch version of the 7xxx aluminum alloy product” means a 7xxx aluminum alloy product, having a composition within the scope of the Zn, Mg and Cu limits described herein, that has been conventionally rolled to a nominal thickness of 5.00 inches, within thickness tolerance limits per ANSI H35.2-2001, table 7.7b.
• All references to specific aluminum alloys (e.g., 7085, 7050, 7040) means the alloys described in the document “International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys”, by The Aluminum Association (2015, and subsequent versions), A.K.A., the “Teal Sheets”.
• As used herein, “T76 temper” means the T76 temper described in ANSI H35.1-2009, and further requiring SCC resistance (stress corrosion cracking resistance), wherein the SCC resistance is tested in accordance with ASTM G47(2011) using three specimens, wherein all three specimens survive the alternate immersion test for a period of 20 days at a net stress of 25 ksi in the short-transverse (ST) direction. As used herein, the “T7651” temper means the T76 temper where the plate is stress-relieved 1.5-3.0% by stretching prior to artificial aging.
• As used herein, “T74 temper” means the T74 temper described in ANSI H35.1-2009, and further requiring SCC resistance (stress corrosion cracking resistance), wherein the SCC resistance is tested in accordance with ASTM G47(2011) using three specimens, wherein all three specimens survive the alternate immersion test for a period of 20 days at a net stress of 35 ksi in the short-transverse (ST) direction. As used herein, the “T7451” temper means the T74 temper where the plate is stress-relieved 1.5-3.0% by stretching prior to artificial aging.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIGS. 1-3 are graphs illustrating properties of Example 1 alloys.
• FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating one embodiment of a property boundary requirement for tensile yield strength (L) and crack deviation resistance L-S K_max-dev.
• FIGS. 5-6 are graphs illustrating properties of plant produced 5.3 inch (approx.) gauge plate.
• FIGS. 7-8 are graphs illustrating properties of plant produced 6.5 inch (approx.) gauge plate.
• FIGS. 9-10 are graphs illustrating properties of the alloys of Example 3.
• FIGS. 11-12 are graphs illustrating properties of the alloys of Example 4.
• FIG. 13 is a photograph showing a C(T) specimen having a crack deviating from the intended crack plane.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1
• Various 7xxx aluminum alloys were cast as six inch (15.24 cm) thick ingots (nominal). The actual compositions of the cast ingots are shown in Table 1, below. Alloy 1 is a conventional aluminum alloy, registered with the Aluminum Association as aluminum alloy 7085. The registered version of the 7085 alloy requires, among other things, 0.08-0.15 wt. % Zr, not greater than 0.04 wt. % Mn and not greater than 0.04 wt. % Cr, as shown by the document “International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys”, The Aluminum Association (2009), page 12. Commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,972,110 (among others) also relates to the 7085 alloy. Alloys 2-3 are new variants of the 7085 alloy having manganese (Mn) and/or low or no zirconium (Zr).

• TABLE 1
  Composition of Example 1 Alloys (wt. %) - Lab Scale Materials

  Alloy	Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn	Ti	Zr

  1	0.02	0.05	1.65	0.04	1.44	0	7.35	0.03	0.11
  2	0.02	0.05	1.68		1.46	0	7.52	0.02
  3	0.02	0.06	1.70		1.42	0	7.47	0.04	0

• The balance of each alloy was aluminum and unavoidable impurities (≦0.03 wt. % each, ≦0.10 wt. % total). After casting, the ingots were stress-relieved, sawed into multiple sections, scalped, homogenized, and then hot rolled to plate having a final gauge of about 1.75 inches (4.445 cm). The alloy plates were then solution heat treated and then hot water quenched in 190° F. water (87.8° C.) to simulate cooling conditions at T/2 (mid-thickness) for 5 inch plate relative to cold water (ambient) quenching. The plates were then stretched about 2.25% and then artificially aged in accordance with a standard T7651-type aging practice (see, ANSI H35.1 and AMS 4329A).
• Various properties of the aluminum alloy plates were then tested. Specifically, the strength and elongation properties were tested in accordance with ASTM E8 and B557 at the T/2 location of the material. Plane strain fracture toughness properties were tested in the L-T direction and in accordance with ASTM E399 using a C(T) specimen taken from the T/2 location of the material, where the “B” dimension of the specimen was 0.25 inch (6.35 mm) and the “W” dimension of the specimen was 2.5 inches (63.5 mm). The typical L-S crack deviation resistance properties (K_max-dev) were determined per the test procedure described above, except the “W” dimension of the specimen was 1.3 inches (33.02 mm). The test is started using a K_max of approximately 20 ksi√in.
• The test results are shown in Tables 2-3, below. Table 2 provides the measured values in standard metric units, and Table 3 provides the measured values in English units. The shown strength and elongation values are averages of duplicate specimens. The fracture toughness values are taken from a single specimen. The crack deviation values are averages of triplicate specimens.

• TABLE 2
  Measured Properties (metric units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(MPa)	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa√m)	(MPa√m)

  1	505	541	14.0	40.9	33.0
  2	503	542	14.0	40	37.0
  3	484	529	12.5	41.1	37.0

• TABLE 3
  Measured Properties (English units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(ksi)	(ksi)	(%)	(ksi√in)	(ksi√in)
  1	73.2	78.5	14.0	37.2	30.0
  2	73.0	78.7	14.0	36.4	33.7
  3	70.3	76.7	12.5	37.4	33.6

• Properties of various plant produced materials were also tested. The compositions of these plant materials are shown in Table 4, below.

• TABLE 4
  Composition of Example 1 Alloys (wt. %) - Plant Materials

  Alloy	Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn	Ti	Zr

  4	0.024	0.032	1.63	0	1.52	0	7.44	0.018	0.11
  5	0.020	0.036	1.643	0	1.51	0	7.28	0.020	0.10

• The balance of each alloy was aluminum and unavoidable impurities (≦0.03 wt. % each, ≦0.10 wt. % total). After casting, the plant-scale ingots were scalped, homogenized, and then hot rolled to final gauge. The alloy plates were then solution heat treated and then cold water quenched. The plates were then stretched about 2.25% and then artificially aged. Alloy 4 is a conventional 7085-style plate product rolled to a final gauge of 5.4 inches (137.2 mm). Alloy 5 is a conventional 7085-style plate product rolled to a final gauge of 5.2 inches (132.1 mm). Alloy 4 was aged to a T7651-style temper. Alloy 5 was aged to two different aging conditions, (a) a T7451-style temper (see, ANSI H35.1 and AMS 4470A) and (b) an aging condition overaged relative to the T7451-style temper. After artificial aging, the mechanical properties of Alloys 4-5 were tested as per the testing of the lab-scale materials, except the strength and elongation properties were measured at T/4, the L-S K_max-dev C(T) specimen “W” dimension was 3.0 inches, and the tests were started using a K_max of approximately 10 ksi√in. The test results are shown in Tables 5-6, below. Table 5 provides the measured values in standard metric units, and Table 6 provides the measured values in English units.

• TABLE 5
  Measured Properties (metric units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(MPa)	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa√m)	(MPa√m)
  4	516	536	10.5	41.3	30.9
  5a	492	522	13.0	N/A	34.6
  5b	432	479	14.5	N/A	41.7

• TABLE 6
  Measured Properties (English units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(ksi)	(ksi)	(%)	(ksi√in)	(ksi√in)
  4	74.8	77.7	10.5	37.6	28.1
  5a	71.3	75.7	13.0	N/A	31.5
  5b	62.7	69.5	14.5	N/A	38.0

• FIGS. 1-3 are graphs illustrating the properties of the alloys based on the above data. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the plant and lab-scale 7085 T7651-style materials have generally similar properties, indicating that the slow quench conditions for the lab-scale materials appropriately model the behavior of the plant produced thick gauge products. Furthermore, the addition of manganese in alloys 2-3 appears to have a limited impact on improving the combination of crack deviation resistance and tensile yield strength.
Example 2
• Additional plant materials were produced and tested. The compositions of these plant materials are shown in Table 7, below.

• TABLE 7
  Composition of Example 2 Alloys (wt. %) - Plant Materials

  Alloy	Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn	Ti	Zr

  6	0.02	0.03	1.65	0	1.52	0	7.48	0.02	0.10
  7	0.03	0.04	1.75	0	1.53		7.54	0.02
  8	0.03	0.05	1.65		1.50		7.48	0.02
  9	0.03	0.05	1.65		1.50		7.48	0.02

  
  The balance of each alloy was aluminum and unavoidable impurities (≦0.03 wt. % each, ≦0.10 wt. % total). After casting, the plant-scale ingots were scalped, homogenized, and then hot rolled to final gauge. The alloy plates were then solution heat treated and then cold water quenched. The plates were then stretched about 2.25% and then artificially aged in accordance with a T7651-type aging practice (see, ANSI H35.1 and AMS 4329A).
• Alloy 6 is a conventional 7085-style plate product rolled to a final gauge of 6.5 inches (165.1 mm). Alloys 7-9 are new variants of the 7085 alloy having manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and/or low zirconium (Zr). Alloys 7-8 were rolled to a final gauge of 5.4 inches (137.2 mm). Alloy 9 was rolled to a final gauge of 6.5 inches (165.1 mm).
• After artificial aging, various properties of the aluminum alloy plates were then tested. Specifically, the strength and elongation properties were tested in accordance with ASTM E8 and B557 at the T/4 location of the material. Plane strain fracture toughness properties were tested in the S-L direction and in accordance with ASTM E399 using a C(T) specimen taken from the T/2 location of the material, where the “B” dimension of the specimen was 2.0 inch (5.08 cm) and the “W” dimension of the specimen was 4.0 inches (10.16 cm). Triplicate C(T) specimens were samples between width/3 and 2*width/3 except for alloys 8-9, where specimens were sampled two thicknesses away from the plate edge. The typical L-S crack deviation resistance properties (K_max-dev) were determined per the test procedure described above, except the “W” dimension of the specimen was 2.0 inches (5.08 cm). The test is started using a K_max of approximately 15 ksi√in. The test results are shown in Tables 8-9, below. Table 8 provides the measured values in standard metric units, and Table 9 provides the measured values in English units.

• TABLE 8
  Measured Properties (metric units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	S-L KIC	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(MPa)	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa√m)	(MPa√m)

  6	516	536	8.2	29.5	30.5
  7	469	507	13.0	36.4	36.8
  8	467	506	13.5	36.3	47.2
  9	454	498	13.5	39.8	44.7

• TABLE 9
  Measured Properties (English units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	S-L KIC	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(ksi)	(ksi)	(%)	(ksi√in)	(ksi√in)

  6	74.9	77.8	8.2	26.8	27.7
  7	68.1	73.6	13.0	33.1	33.5
  8	67.8	73.5	13.5	33.05	42.9
  9	65.9	72.2	13.5	36.2	40.7

• FIGS. 5-8 are graphs illustrating the properties of the plant based materials. As shown, the new materials having chromium, manganese, and zirconium realize a large improvement in crack deviation resistance relative to the conventional material. The new materials also realize a similar or improved strength-toughness trade-off. FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of a property requirement boundary for the new thick wrought 7xxx alloys based on data herein.
Example 3
• Additional lab-scale materials were produced and tested. The compositions of these plant materials are shown in Table 10, below.

• TABLE 10
  Composition of Example 3 Alloys (wt. %) - Lab-Scale

  Alloy	Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn	Ti	Zr

  10	0.02	0.04	1.67	0	1.51	0	7.64	0.02	0.11
  11	0.03	0.03	1.65	0	1.57		7.46	0.02
  12	0.02	0.04	1.63		1.49		7.47	0.02
  13	0.02	0.05	1.74		1.40		7.48	0.02	0.12
  14	0.02	0.04	1.65	0		0	7.65	0.02	0.11
  15	0.03	0.03	1.64	0			7.40	0.02
  16	0.03	0.03	1.69	0			7.57	0.02
  17	0.03	0.03	1.67	0			7.56	0.02
  18	0.02	0.04	1.66	0	1.47	0		0.02	0.11
  19	0.03	0.02	1.63	0	1.48			0.02
  20	0.03	0.02	1.70	0	1.56			0.02
  21	0.02	0.04	1.68	0	1.45	0		0.02	0.11
  22	0.02	0.04	1.66	0	1.53			0.02
  23	0.02	0.05	1.64	0	1.48			0.02
  24	0.02	0.04		0	1.49	0	7.36	0.02	0.11
  25	0.03	0.04		0	1.46		7.45	0.02
  26	0.02	0.04		0	1.54		7.56	0.02

• The balance of each alloy was aluminum and unavoidable impurities (≦0.03 wt. % each, ≦0.10 wt. % total). Alloy 10 is a conventional 7085-style alloy. Alloys 11-26 are new alloys having varying amounts of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and/or zirconium (Zr).
• After casting, the lab-scale ingot were stress-relieved, sawed into multiple sections, scalped, homogenized, and then hot rolled to plate having a final gauge of about 1.75 inches (4.445 cm). The alloy plates were then solution heat treated and then hot water quenched in 180° F. water (82.2° C.) to simulate cooling conditions at T/2 (mid-thickness) for 3 inch plate relative to cold water (ambient) quenching. The plates were then stretched about 2.25% and then artificially aged in accordance with a standard T7X51-type aging practice, expected to fall between T7651 and T7451.
• After artificial aging, various properties of the aluminum alloy plates were tested. Specifically, the strength and elongation properties were tested in accordance with ASTM E8 and B557 at the T/2 location of the material. Plane strain fracture toughness properties were tested in the L-T direction and in accordance with ASTM E399 using a C(T) specimen taken from the T/2 location of the material, where the “B” dimension of the specimen was 0.25 inch (6.35 mm) and the “W” dimension of the specimen was 2.5 inches (63.5 mm). The typical L-S crack deviation resistance properties (K_max-dev) were determined per the test procedure described above, except the “W” dimension of the specimen was 1.3 inches (33.02 mm). The test is started using a K_max of approximately 20 ksi√in. The test results are shown in Tables 11-12, below. Table 11 provides the measured values in standard metric units, and Table 12 provides the measured values in English units.

• TABLE 11
  Measured Properties (metric units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(MPa)	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa√m)	(MPa√m)
  10	488	533	17.0	50.1	48.2
  11	486	535	14.0	46.7	45.5
  12	484	535	14.5	45.1	47.5
  13	490	540	14.0	49.2	53.4
  14	485	540	14.0	36.8	32.9
  15	483	537	13.0	38.5	37.2
  16	485	539	13.0	40.8	42.6
  17	492	547	14.5	43.7	39.8
  18	477	523	17.0	50.8	48.4
  19	494	540	13.5	35.4	33.7
  20	479	528	16.0	51.3	53.6
  21	476	513	16.5	41.8	44.9
  22	485	527	14.0	43.3	44.4
  23	485	529	14.0	45.4	43.8
  24	482	529	14.0	47.4	41.4
  25	483	529	13.5	42.5	35.7
  26	484	532	13.0	42.2	36.0

• TABLE 12
  Measured Properties (English units)

  				Fracture
  				Toughness
  	TYS (L)	UTS (L)	Elong (L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	(ksi)	(ksi)	(%)	(ksi√in)	(ksi√in)

  10	70.8	77.4	17.0	45.6	43.8
  11	70.6	77.6	14.0	42.5	41.4
  12	70.3	77.6	14.5	41	43.2
  13	71.1	78.3	14.0	44.8	48.6
  14	70.3	78.4	14.0	33.5	29.9
  15	70.1	77.9	13.0	35	33.9
  16	70.3	78.2	13.0	37.1	38.7
  17	71.4	79.4	14.5	39.8	36.2
  18	69.2	75.9	17.0	46.2	44.1
  19	71.6	78.4	13.5	32.2	30.7
  20	69.4	76.6	16.0	46.7	48.7
  21	69.1	74.5	16.5	38	40.8
  22	70.4	76.4	14.0	39.4	40.4
  23	70.4	76.7	14.0	41.3	39.8
  24	69.9	76.8	14.0	43.1	37.7
  25	70.1	76.7	13.5	38.7	32.5
  26	70.3	77.2	13.0	38.4	32.8

• FIGS. 9-10 are graphs illustrating properties of the Example 3 alloys. As shown, the materials respond differently to additions of Cr as a function of Zn, Mg and Cu levels. For a 7085-type alloy (alloys 10-13), the presence of Cr, Mn and Zr facilitates a K_max-dev improvement over the conventional 7085 material (alloy 10). For alloys with increased Mg content (alloys 14-17), the addition of Cr in and of itself without the need for Zr facilitates significant increases in K_max-dev at equivalent strength levels over an alloy with Zr but no Cr (alloy 14). For alloys with either lower or higher Zn (alloys 18-23), the addition of Cr in and of itself without Zr also appears to show some improvement in either strength or K_max-dev over the respective alloys with Zr but no Cr. Finally, for alloys with increased Cu content (alloys 24-26), the addition of Cr in and of itself without Zr also appears to decrease K_max-dev over an alloy with Zr but no Cr (alloy 24). Further, FIG. 10 shows that a similar trade-off between fracture toughness and tensile yield strength is achieved for a 7085-type alloy containing Cr, Mn and Zr (alloy 13) over the conventional 7085 material (alloy 10). Similarly, alloys with increased Mg, reduced or increased Zn content with additions of Cr realize similar or improved trade-offs between fracture toughness and tensile yield strength over their Cr-free and Zr-containing base alloys.
Example 4
• Additional lab-scale materials were produced and tested. The compositions of these plant materials are shown in Table 13, below.

• TABLE 13
  Composition of Example 4 Alloys (wt. %) - Lab-Scale

  Alloy	Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn	Ti	Zr

  27	0.02	0.04	1.68		1.55	0	7.42	0.03	0.11
  28	0.02	0.04	1.65		1.50	0	7.48	0.02	0.11
  29	0.02	0.04	1.67		1.52		7.37	0.02	0.11
  30	0.02	0.05	1.70		1.52		7.40	0.02	0.11
  31	0.02	0.04	1.67	0	1.51	0	7.64	0.02	0.11
  32	0.02	0.04	1.67	0	1.51	0	7.64	0.02	0.11

• The balance of each alloy was aluminum and unavoidable impurities (≦0.03 wt. % each, ≦0.10 wt. % total). Alloys 31-32 are conventional 7085-style alloy. Alloys 27-30 are new alloys having varying amounts of manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and/or zirconium (Zr).
• After casting, the lab-scale ingots were stress-relieved, sawed into multiple sections, scalped, homogenized, and then hot rolled to plate having a final gauge of about 1.75 inches (4.445 cm). The alloy plates were then solution heat treated and then hot water quenched in 190° F. water (87.8° C.) to simulate cooling conditions at T/2 (mid-thickness) for 5 inch plate relative to cold water (ambient) quenching. The plates were then stretched about 2.25% and then artificially aged in accordance with a standard T7651-type or T7451-type aging practice.
• After artificial aging, various properties of the aluminum alloy plates were tested. Specifically, the strength and elongation properties were tested in accordance with ASTM E8 and B557 at the T/2 location of the material. Plane strain fracture toughness properties were tested in the L-T direction and in accordance with ASTM E399 using a C(T) specimen taken from the T/2 location of the material, where the “B” dimension of the specimen was 0.25 inch (6.35 mm) and the “W” dimension of the specimen was 2.5 inches (63.5 mm). The typical L-S crack deviation resistance properties (K_max-dev) were determined per the test procedure described above, except the “W” dimension of the specimen was 1.3 inches (33.02 mm). The test is started using a K_max of approximately 20 ksi√in. The test results are shown in Tables 14-15, below. Table 14 provides the measured values in standard metric units, and Table 15 provides the measured values in English units.

• TABLE 14
  Measured Properties (metric units)

  					Fracture
  		TYS	UTS	Elong	Toughness
  		(L)	(L)	(L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	Temper	(MPa)	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa√m)	(MPa√m)

  27	T7451	491	537	13.5	35.2	32.3
  28	T7451	484	535	13.0	38.1	35.6
  29	T7651	483	534	13.0	44.9	38.5
  30	T7651	474	528	12.5	42.4	35.8
  31	T7651	511	551	14.0	33.2	29.7
  32	T7451	480	528	15.5	39.8	36.8

• TABLE 15
  Measured Properties (English units)

  					Fracture
  		TYS	UTS	Elong	Toughness
  		(L)	(L)	(L)	L-T KQ	Kmax-dev
  Alloy	Temper	(ksi)	(ksi)	(%)	(ksi√in.)	(ksi√in.)

  27	T7451	71.2	78.0	13.5	32	29.4
  28	T7451	70.2	77.6	13.0	34.7	32.4
  29	T7651	70.1	77.4	13.0	40.9	35.0
  30	T7651	68.7	76.6	12.5	38.6	32.6
  31	T7651	74.1	79.9	14.0	30.2	27.0
  32	T7451	69.7	76.6	15.5	36.2	33.5

• FIGS. 11-12 are graphs illustrating properties of the Example 4 alloys. As shown, the addition of manganese in alloys 27 & 28 appears to have a limited impact on improving the trade-off between crack deviation resistance and tensile yield strength. Furthermore, the addition of only low levels of Cr (0.12-0.13) in alloys 29 & 30 appears to be insufficient to provide a significant impact on K_max-dev relative to conventional 7085 materials (alloys 31 & 32).
• While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and adaptations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such modifications and adaptations are within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (17)

What is claimed is:

1. A wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product having a thickness of 3.0 to 12.0 inches and having 0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr, optionally with 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and/or 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn.

2. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy product includes a sufficient amount of the Cr, optionally with the Zr and/or the Mn, to achieve at least a 5% increase in K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength.

3. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy product includes a sufficient amount of the Cr, optionally with the Zr and/or the Mn, to achieve at least a 18% increase in K_max-dev as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn, at equivalent strength.

3. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 3, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy product achieves at least equivalent L-T plane strain K_IC fracture toughness as compared to an equivalent 7xxx aluminum alloy product having not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn.

4. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy product contains an amount of chromium such that Cr_(min)≦Cr≦Cr_(max), wherein Cr_(min)=0.251−0.082(Mg), and wherein Cr_(max)=0.351-0.082(Mg).

5. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy product is essentially free of zirconium.

6. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy products include 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn.

7. The wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product of claim 6, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy products include 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr.

8. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 7, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy products include 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr and 0.25-0.45 wt. % Mn.

9. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy products have a thickness of at least 4.0 inches.

10. The wrought 7085 aluminum alloy product of claim 9, wherein the wrought aluminum alloy products have a thickness of not greater than 8.0 inches.

11. A wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product having a thickness of 3.0-12.0 inches, comprising:

0.080-0.250 wt. % Cr;

6.0-10.0 wt. % Zn;

1.3-2.3 wt. % Mg;

1.2-2.6 wt. % Cu;

up to 0.50 wt. % Mn;

up to 0.15 wt. % Zr;

up to 0.15 wt. % Ti;

up to 0.15 wt. % Si; and

up to 0.15 wt. % Fe;

the balance being aluminum and other elements, wherein the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes not greater than 0.05 wt. % of any one of the other elements, and wherein the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product includes not greater than 0.15 wt. % in total of the other elements;

wherein Cr_(min)≦Cr≦Cr_(max), wherein:

Cr_(min)=0.251−0.082(Mg), wherein Cr_(min)≧0.080; and

Cr_(max)=0.351−0.082(Mg), wherein Cr_(max)≦0.25.

12. The wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product of claim 11, comprising 0.15-0.50 wt. % Mn.

13. The wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product of claim 12, comprising 0.07-0.15 wt. % Zr.

14. The wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product of claim 11, comprising a sufficient amount of the E phase to realize at least a 10% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_m, demo as compared to an equivalent 7xxx product, wherein the equivalent 7xxx product is of an equivalent composition, form, thickness and temper as the wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product, but the equivalent 7xxx product contains not greater than 0.01 wt. % Cr and not greater than 0.02 wt. % Mn.

15. The wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product of claim 14, comprising a sufficient amount of the E phase and Mn containing dispersoids to realize the at least a 10% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev.

16. The wrought 7xxx aluminum alloy product of claim 14, comprising a sufficient amount of the E phase and Al₃Zr, optionally with Mn containing dispersoids, to realize the at least a 10% improvement in typical L-S crack deviation resistance K_max-dev.

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