US20170045603A1 - Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument - Google Patents

Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170045603A1
US20170045603A1 US14/827,146 US201514827146A US2017045603A1 US 20170045603 A1 US20170045603 A1 US 20170045603A1 US 201514827146 A US201514827146 A US 201514827146A US 2017045603 A1 US2017045603 A1 US 2017045603A1
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Prior art keywords
network analyzer
vector network
source
signal
coupled
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Abandoned
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US14/827,146
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Krauska
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Tektronix Inc
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Tektronix Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US14/827,146 priority Critical patent/US20170045603A1/en
Assigned to TEKTRONIX, INC. reassignment TEKTRONIX, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KRAUSKA, Alexander
Priority to EP16183617.6A priority patent/EP3130930A1/en
Priority to EP21215405.8A priority patent/EP4012424A1/en
Priority to CN201610659746.2A priority patent/CN106468739A/zh
Priority to JP2016158637A priority patent/JP7066943B2/ja
Publication of US20170045603A1 publication Critical patent/US20170045603A1/en
Priority to US17/548,381 priority patent/US11946994B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/28—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/02—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
    • H04L7/033—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
    • H04L7/0331—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop with a digital phase-locked loop [PLL] processing binary samples, e.g. add/subtract logic for correction of receiver clock

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to electronic test and measurement devices, such as Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs), Vector Signal Analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers, Vector Signal Generators, and signal generators.
  • VNAs Vector Network Analyzers
  • VNAs Vector Signal Analyzers
  • Spectrum Analyzers Spectrum Analyzers
  • Vector Signal Generators Vector Signal Generators
  • signal generators signal generators
  • VNA vector network analyzer
  • DUT device under test
  • LO local oscillator
  • Calibration of the system is performed using external reflection standards, which rely on coherent phase between the calibration moment and the measurement moment.
  • phase-incoherent but frequency-stable LO sources for the receiver and generator rather than sharing a common synthesizer architecture.
  • the common VNA has a reflection bridge or coupler arrangement of various types on the generator port.
  • a signal reference coupled from the generator is routed to the receiver but has a phase error that is proportionate to the reflection coefficient of the (arcsin(V ref /V norm )), making the reference generator phase relative to the receiver difficult to obtain from this port alone without relying on the phase coherence of a common LO system between the generator and receiver.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a prior vector network analyzer (VNA) or tracking generator 100 having multiple receivers 110 and 112 and a shared signal 125 (e.g., from a control processor 120 by way of an LO 116 ).
  • VNA vector network analyzer
  • a common source 102 provides an injection signal to a radio frequency (RF) bridge 106 (e.g., via a transmission line 104 ), as well as reference signals 107 a and 107 b to multiple receivers 110 and 112 , respectively.
  • RF radio frequency
  • any number of multiple receivers can be used to measure a high number of signals from more complex multi-channel bridges, couplers, or similar networks. Multiple receivers can be eliminated with a single receiver if a phase-stable switch can be connected in such a way that the bridge loading is not disturbed when the paths are switched.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a prior VNA or tracking generator 200 having a single receiver 210 and a shared signal 225 (e.g., from a control processor 220 by way of an LO 216 ).
  • a common source 202 provides an injection signal to a radio frequency (RF) bridge 206 (e.g., via a transmission line 204 ), as well as reference signals 207 a and 207 b to switching circuitry 209 that is coupled with the receiver 210 .
  • RF radio frequency
  • the shared signal may be the bridge stimulus itself or an LO created in a phase stable way within the signal source.
  • Implementations of the disclosed technology generally include systems or devices that use an additional signal path in order to allow for a relative phase measurement between a generator and a receiver, insensitive to external load conditions. Such embodiments may advantageously allow a receiver and generator having relatively unstable independent local oscillators (LOs) to be used in a phase-stable measurement of network response. This may advantageously allow a single receiver and generator to establish their relative phase or, in embodiments involving multiple receivers and multiple generators, to establish their relative phase.
  • LOs local oscillators
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a prior vector network analyzer (VNA) or tracking generator having multiple receivers and a shared signal.
  • VNA vector network analyzer
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a prior VNA or tracking generator having a single receiver and a shared signal.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a VNA or tracking generator having a calibration path in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a VNA or tracking generator having a common generator source in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a VNA or tracking generator having multiple receivers that are synchronized by a common reference signal in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a VNA or tracking generator having multiple receivers that are synchronized by a common reference signal in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a VNA or tracking generator having multiple signal sources that are synchronized by a single receiver in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • Implementations of the disclosed technology generally include electronic test and measurement devices, such as vector network analyzers (VNAs) having a calibration path.
  • VNAs vector network analyzers
  • Such embodiments may advantageously include separate signal sources in the receiver(s) and signal source to allow for higher stability and accuracy in the bridge measurement.
  • variable static phase offsets in either the receive synthesizer or source synthesizer may be sensed and removed as an error term in the measurement.
  • costs may be reduced due to the availability of single integrated circuit (IC) integrated synthesizers that cover wide bandwidths at low cost.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a VNA or tracking generator 300 having a load 302 , a transmission line 304 , a radio frequency (RF) bridge 306 provide reference signals 307 a and 307 b to switching circuitry 309 , and a calibration path in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • a separate signal source 325 e.g., by way of a generator 321 , an LO 317 , and a switch 314
  • receive reference 326 are shown with a phase shift 315 shown in series with the signal source to represent the random phase offset to the receive channel.
  • Each of the signal sources is phase locked to a common reference and controlled by a common control processor 320 , and the signal source may have an unknown phase. While a single receiver 310 is shown, it should be noted that multiple receivers may be synchronized using similar implementations.
  • the signal channel generator 321 has a single channel receiver for sensing the magnitude and phase of a single reflection bridge/coupler 306 , e.g., used in a one-port VNA.
  • the generator 321 and receiver 310 may use either continuous wave or modulated data.
  • the receiver(s) may be constructed each having an independent local oscillator, e.g., with independent phase.
  • the phase offset 315 from the source may be determined by sampling the “source Reference path.”
  • Si may either refer to a switch or a coupling or power dividing network.
  • the switch may be designed to provide a consistent load to the bridge in all switch positions. This may be accomplished using signal path attenuation, impedance matching, buffering by amplification, and terminated switch networks, for example.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a VNA or tracking generator 400 having a common generator source (e.g., from a control processor 420 by way of an LO 317 ) in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • a common generator source e.g., from a control processor 420 by way of an LO 317
  • multiple receivers 410 , 411 , and 412 having independent LOs 410 a , 411 a , and 412 a , respectively, and multiple phase offsets may be synchronized to a common reference.
  • the multiple source reference signals are distributed by way of a coupler/power divider network 445 .
  • a switch may be implemented instead of the coupler/power divider network 445 .
  • the receivers 410 - 412 and generators can be phase synchronized by tuning each to the same frequency, switching to the “Source Reference” signal, and measuring the relative phase. Frequency offsets between the source and receivers may be accommodated if these signals are within the processing bandwidth of the receivers 410 - 412 .
  • the receivers 410 - 4112 are generally analog or digital receivers with superheterodyne, homodyne, direct conversion, or similar receiver techniques. Single or multiple LO signals may be generated by each receiver.
  • LO 1 ( 410 a ) may be actually three LO signals (e.g., LO 1 a , LO 2 b , and LO 1 c for a three-stage superheterodyne converter).
  • the generator may either be a direct signal source (e.g., a VCO and PLL, direct digital source, or direct analog source) or an indirect signal source (e.g., with a local oscillator and baseband signal, or multiple location oscillators and a baseband signal), with either a modulated or continuous wave baseband signal.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a VNA or tracking generator 500 having multiple receivers that are synchronized by a common reference signal in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • a single control processor 520 may control multiple receivers 510 , 511 , and 512 having independent LOs 510 a , 511 a , and 512 a , respectively with random phase offsets.
  • N Source reference signals are routed from a single generator.
  • this signal source may be an indirect signal source (e.g., with a local oscillator and baseband signal, or with multiple LOs and a baseband signal) with either a modulated or continuous wave baseband signal or a direct signal source such as a VCO and PLL, direct digital source, or direct analog source.
  • the phase offset represents random phase offset that may be present between each receiver and the generator.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a VNA or tracking generator 600 having multiple receivers that are synchronized by a common reference signal in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • synchronizer circuitry 601 consists of a signal source (Gen 1 ), a common reference clock (e.g., which produces 10 MHz 1 . . . 10 MHz N outputs to synchronize n external spectrum analyzers 610 , 611 , and 612 ), a 10 MHz or other suitable signal to synchronize the reference generator “Gen 1 ”, signal routing and switching circuitry 610 a , 611 a , and 612 a , respectively, to each spectrum analyzer RF input, and N-RF inputs.
  • Signal 1 to Signal n inputs to the control processor 620 may include several USB data signals or any other common data bus, such as USB/PXI/VXI etc.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a VNA or tracking generator 700 having multiple signal sources that are synchronized by a single receiver in accordance with certain implementations of the disclosed technology.
  • generator channel SPDT switches may be of internal-terminated form when the path is open. The stability of bridge response during switching may be improved using buffors, amplification, attenuation, or other suitable mechanisms.
  • Signal 1 may be modulated or a continuous wave signal.
  • the signal source may be a direct source of heterodyne source.
  • the phase offset of each generator may be sensed relative to the others by way of a common receiver, for example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
US14/827,146 2015-08-14 2015-08-14 Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument Abandoned US20170045603A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/827,146 US20170045603A1 (en) 2015-08-14 2015-08-14 Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument
EP16183617.6A EP3130930A1 (en) 2015-08-14 2016-08-10 Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument
EP21215405.8A EP4012424A1 (en) 2015-08-14 2016-08-10 Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument
CN201610659746.2A CN106468739A (zh) 2015-08-14 2016-08-12 供相位稳定仪器之用的不稳定信号源的同步
JP2016158637A JP7066943B2 (ja) 2015-08-14 2016-08-12 ベクトル・ネットワーク・アナライザ
US17/548,381 US11946994B2 (en) 2015-08-14 2021-12-10 Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument

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US14/827,146 US20170045603A1 (en) 2015-08-14 2015-08-14 Synchronization of unstable signal sources for use in a phase stable instrument

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Cited By (4)

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US20180278726A1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-09-27 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Communication device, communication method, and storage medium
US20190369150A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg System for vector network analysis of a device under test as well as method for vector network analysis of a device under test
US20200116771A1 (en) * 2018-10-15 2020-04-16 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Signal source, test system and method for testing a device under test
US11159147B2 (en) * 2019-04-10 2021-10-26 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Front end module

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US10684317B2 (en) * 2017-09-04 2020-06-16 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Vector network analyzer and measuring method for frequency-converting measurements
CN113791285B (zh) * 2021-08-23 2022-12-27 电子科技大学 一种无参考接收机的矢量网络分析仪
CN116879627B (zh) * 2023-09-04 2023-11-21 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 一种纳秒级非相参窄脉冲序列的测频系统

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US20040113632A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-06-17 Anderson Keith Frederick Distortion measurements with a vector network analyzer
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US20190369150A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg System for vector network analysis of a device under test as well as method for vector network analysis of a device under test
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US20200116771A1 (en) * 2018-10-15 2020-04-16 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Signal source, test system and method for testing a device under test
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US11159147B2 (en) * 2019-04-10 2021-10-26 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Front end module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11946994B2 (en) 2024-04-02
EP3130930A1 (en) 2017-02-15
JP2017075932A (ja) 2017-04-20
EP4012424A1 (en) 2022-06-15
US20220099782A1 (en) 2022-03-31
CN106468739A (zh) 2017-03-01
JP7066943B2 (ja) 2022-05-16

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