US20160215366A1 - Brass having improved castability and corrosion resistance - Google Patents

Brass having improved castability and corrosion resistance Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20160215366A1
US20160215366A1 US15/005,325 US201615005325A US2016215366A1 US 20160215366 A1 US20160215366 A1 US 20160215366A1 US 201615005325 A US201615005325 A US 201615005325A US 2016215366 A1 US2016215366 A1 US 2016215366A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
mass
range
less
brass
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/005,325
Inventor
Toru Uchida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toto Ltd
Original Assignee
Toto Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2015239068A external-priority patent/JP6056947B2/en
Application filed by Toto Ltd filed Critical Toto Ltd
Assigned to TOTO LTD. reassignment TOTO LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UCHIDA, TORU
Publication of US20160215366A1 publication Critical patent/US20160215366A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/005—Castings of light metals with high melting point, e.g. Be 1280 degrees C, Ti 1725 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brass having reduced amounts of lead and nickel or not containing them; more specifically, the present invention relates to a brass for casting possessing having improved castability and corrosion resistance, which can be advantageously used, for example, for a water faucet metal fitting containing only minute amounts of lead and nickel, or not containing them.
  • a water faucet metal fitting is in general made of a brass or a bronze. From the viewpoint of improving the processability and corrosion resistance of the material, lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) are added. In recent years, however, the influences of Pb and Ni on the human body and environment have become a concern, and regulations related to Pb and Ni have been actively established in various countries. For example, in California, U.S.A., a regulation of the content of Pb in a water-contacting member of a water tap faucet which should be in the range of 0.25% or less by mass in weighted average has come into effect from January, 2010. In addition, in the U.S.A.
  • JP H08(1996)-337831 A proposes a copper alloy for metal mold casting which comprises 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of Sn, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of Al, 33.0 to 37.0% by weight of Zn, 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of Pb, and the balance Cu, with 35.7 to 41.0% by weight of a zinc equivalent, 15% or less of the area occupation rate of the ⁇ phase, and 17° C. or lower as the solidification temperature range thereof.
  • 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of Pb is added thereto.
  • Ni is not disclosed as the element contained in the copper alloy.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent H08(1996)-337831 A
  • the present invention has an object to provide a brass having reduced amounts of lead and nickel or not containing them, and also having improved castability, corrosion resistance, and the like.
  • the brass according to the present invention comprises:
  • Al in the range of 0.1% or more by mass to 0.5% or less by mass
  • Ni in the range of 0.5% or less by mass
  • Si in the range of 0.5% or less by mass
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of mold 1 used in a both end restriction test method for evaluating casting cracking resistance.
  • the term “unavoidable impurities” as used herein means elements present in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass unless otherwise specified.
  • elements such as manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) are included in the unavoidable impurities.
  • the amount of the unavoidable impurities is preferably less than 0.05% by mass.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi (bismuth) with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.005% or more by mass to 0.25% or less by mass.
  • amount of Pb can be made very small as mentioned above.
  • the addition amount of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi is made in the range of 0.15% or more by mass to 0.25% or less by mass as the total amount of them.
  • the addition amount of Pb is made in the range of 0.13% or more by mass to 0.23% or less by mass.
  • the addition amount of Bi is preferably in the range of 0.13% or more by mass to 0.23% or less by mass.
  • Ni The brass according to the present invention contains Ni with the amount of 0.5% or less by mass.
  • amount of Ni can be made very small as mentioned above.
  • the addition amount of Ni is made 0.2% or less by mass, while more preferably 0.1% or less by mass.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As (arsenic), and P (phosphorous) with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.32% or less by mass.
  • the addition amount of Ni is so small that there is a tendency that sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained; however, by containing the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.32% or less by mass, the corrosion resistance thereof can be enhanced. This effect can be synergistically expressed by adding a prescribed amount of Sn (this will be mentioned later) as compared with the single addition thereof.
  • the total addition amount of these elements is more than 0.32% by mass, there is a tendency that the corrosion resistance of the brass is not improved so eminently; and therefore, in view of economy, the upper limit thereof is determined to be 0.32% by mass.
  • the total addition amount of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P is made in the range of 0.056% or more by mass to 0.315% or less by mass.
  • addition amount of each of Sb, As, and P is made in the range of 0.01% or more by mass to 0.30% or less by mass, in the range of 0.001% or more by mass to 0.30% or less by mass, and in the range of 0.005% or more by mass to 0.30% or less by mass, respectively.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains Sn in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.2% or less by mass.
  • the addition amount of Ni is so small that there is a tendency that sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained; however, by containing Sn in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.2% or less by mass, the corrosion resistance thereof can be enhanced.
  • This effect can be synergistically expressed by adding a prescribed amount of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P, as compared with the single addition thereof.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe and B with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.0001% or more by mass to 0.3% or less by mass.
  • the addition amounts of Pb and Ni, the containing amounts thereof or the leaching amounts thereof being regulated or intended to be regulated are controlled to be very small. And therefore, this is based on the finding that deterioration of the corrosion resistance due to these reductions can be compensated by addition of prescribed amount of Sn as well as each of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P.
  • the brass according to the present invention is based on the simultaneous finding that the castability thereof can be remedied by containing the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe and B within the range as mentioned above. That is, each of Fe and B facilitates refinement of crystals (especially proeutectic ⁇ phase) so that cracking during the time of casting can be effectively avoided. Further, the brass according to the present invention, by virtue of the refinement, can also be imparted with good mechanical properties.
  • B forms, together with Fe, Cr, and the like (these will be mentioned later), an intermetallic compound thereby forming hard spots which possibly pose problems in the surface processing of the molded product after casting. Accordingly, when a smooth and flat surface is wanted, it is preferable to lower the addition amount of B and/or the amounts of Fe, Cr, and the like.
  • the amount of B is preferably 0.005% or less by mass, more preferably 0.003% or less by mass, while still more preferably 0.002% or less by mass; and the amount of Fe is preferably 0.10% or less by mass; and the amount of Cr is preferably less than 0.1% by mass.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains Zn in the range of 33.0% or more by mass to 40.0% or less by mass.
  • Zn in the range of 33.0% or more by mass
  • the casting yield thereof can be made higher.
  • increase of the ⁇ -phase region, which is poor in the corrosion resistance can be suppressed so that deterioration of the dezincification corrosion resistance may be avoided.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains Al in the range of 0.1% or more by mass to 0.5% or less by mass.
  • the addition amount of Al in the range of 0.1% or more by mass, castability thereof can be improved.
  • the warm-water fluidity and casting surface texture thereof can be improved.
  • preferable addition amount of Al is 0.3% or more by mass. With this, the warm-water fluidity and casting surface texture thereof can be improved furthermore. Also by having the addition amount of Al in the range of 0.5% or less by mass, deterioration of elongation and impact resistance value can be suppressed.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains Si in the range of 0.5% or less by mass.
  • the Zn equivalent of Si proposed by Guillet is 10; and thus, it increases an apparent Zn content thereby leading to a possibility that heterogeneous phases such as ⁇ phase and ⁇ phase are crystallized out in the crystal texture.
  • the addition amount of Si is 0.5% or less by mass, a possibility that heterogeneous phases such as ⁇ phase and ⁇ phase are crystallized out in the crystal texture is low.
  • the addition amount of Si is 0.1% or less by mass.
  • the balance after the above-mentioned element components comprises substantially copper (Cu) and unavoidable impurities.
  • the brass according to the present invention contains Cu in the range of 55% or more by mass to 709′o or less by mass.
  • the addition amount of Cu is made in the range of 70% or less by mass, cracking due to crystallization of dendrite of the proeutectic ⁇ phase can be suppressed.
  • the addition amount of Cu is 55% or more by mass, deterioration of the castability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties as the brass can be suppressed.
  • the lower limit of the addition amount of Cu is 58% by mass, and the upper limit thereof is 66% by mass.
  • the brass according to the present invention may contain various additives in order to improve properties of the brass. Also in the present invention, it is preferable that amounts of the unavoidable impurities be as small as possible, though presence of them is not excluded.
  • the amount of Cr is preferably less than 0.1% by mass, while more preferably less than 0.01% by mass.
  • Mn improves strength of the brass.
  • an intermetallic compound of Mn and Si is formed thereby forming hard spots which possibly pose problems in the surface processing of the molded product after casting. Therefore, in order to suppress the influence to the castability as mentioned above, it is preferable that amount of Mn be made as small as possible. Specifically, the amount thereof is preferably less than 0.1% by mass, while more preferably less than 0.01% by mass.
  • an apparent Zn content in the brass of the present invention is in the range of 36% or more to 41% or less.
  • the apparent Zn content means the amount calculated by the following equation proposed by Guillet. This equation is based on the concept that the addition of additive elements other than Zn exhibits the same tendency as the addition of Zn.
  • the Zn equivalent of Bi has not been clearly defined yet. In the present specification, however, the Zn equivalent of Bi is calculated to be 0.6 in view of reference documents and the like. For the other elements, the value is regarded as “1,” because the addition amount of them is very small and thus the influence on the Zn equivalent value is small, too.
  • the ratio of the ⁇ phase in the crystal texture thereof is 15% or less.
  • the brass having improved corrosion resistance can be realized.
  • the ratio of the ⁇ phase is 8% or less.
  • the brass for metal mold casting having improved corrosion resistance useful for a water faucet metal fitting can be realized. This is especially suitable for a pressure-resistant part of a water faucet metal fitting.
  • the ratio of the fi phase is based on the area ratio of the cross section of the crystals.
  • the ratio of the ⁇ phase may be determined as the area ratio of the ⁇ phase, for example, by subjecting a photograph of a crystal texture taken with an optical microscope to image processing.
  • the brass according to the present invention has the amounts of Pb and Ni reduced to very small, or does not contain these elements;
  • the castability and corrosion resistance thereof are equal to or higher than the brass which contains Pb and Ni.
  • the brass is preferably used in a water faucet metal fitting material.
  • the brass according to the present invention is preferably used as a material for a water supply metal fitting, a drainage metal fitting, a valve, and the like.
  • the brass according to the present invention be produced by the method which comprises heat treatment after casting thereby decreasing the ratio of the ⁇ phase in the crystal texture thereof. Because the corrosion resistance thereof increases with decrease of the ratio of the ⁇ phase, the brass having improved corrosion resistance can be obtained.
  • the heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 450° C. to 550° C. and the time range of 30 minutes to 3 hours.
  • the brass having the ratio of the ⁇ phase in the range of 15% or less, preferably in the range of 8% or less can be obtained.
  • the brass obtained in this way has improved corrosion resistance.
  • the region of the ⁇ phase decreases and the concentrations of Sn and Sb in the ⁇ phase increase, so that the corrosion resistance in the ⁇ phase improves dramatically.
  • increase of the region of the ⁇ phase can be suppressed thereby suppressing deterioration of the corrosion resistance.
  • uneven distribution of elements in particular region of a grain boundary is resolved without requiring time, so that the region of the ⁇ phase can be decreased.
  • the effect that the phase becomes smaller can be obtained.
  • this effect can be sufficiently obtained within 3 hours of the heat treatment.
  • the heat treatment longer than 3 hours does not give a significant effect of it; and thus, in view of economy, it is preferable that the upper limit of the time for the heat treatment be within 3 hours.
  • molded products using the brass according to the present invention as a material may be produced by any of mold casting and sand casting by virtue of good castability thereof.
  • the effect of the good castability can be more clearly enjoyed in the mold casting.
  • the brass according to the present invention has good machinability and thus can be machined after casting.
  • the brass according to the present invention may be extruded into a bar for machining and a bar for forging, or alternatively may be drawn into a wire rod.
  • the casting cracking resistance was evaluated by a both end restriction test method.
  • a mold 1 having a shape shown in FIG. 1 was used.
  • a heat insulating material 2 was arranged at the central part thereof so that the central part might be cooled later than both end restriction parts 3 .
  • the restriction end distance (2L) was 100 mm
  • the length (2I) of the heat insulating material was 70 mm.
  • the casting cracking resistance was evaluated as ⁇ (Excellent) when cracking did not take place; as ⁇ (Good) when cracking partially took place but the cracking was not such a level that the test piece was broken; and as ⁇ (Bad) when cracking took place resulting in breaking of the test piece.
  • a cast ingot having a diameter of 35 mm and a length of 100 mm was produced by metal mold casting. This cast ingot was used as a test piece and was tested according to the technical standards JBMA T-303-2007 established by Japan Copper and Brass Association.
  • the corrosion resistance was evaluated as ⁇ (Excellent) when the maximum erosion depth was 100 ⁇ m or less; as ⁇ (Good) when the maximum erosion depth was 150 ⁇ m or less; and as ⁇ (Bad) when the maximum erosion depth was more than 150 ⁇ m.
  • Brasses having chemical compositions shown in the following Tables were produced by casting. Specifically, electrolytic Cu, electrolytic Zn, virgin Bi metal, electrolytic Pb, virgin Sn metal, virgin Sb metal, Cu-30% Ni mother alloy, electrolytic Al, Cu-15% Si mother alloy, Cu-2% B mother alloy, Cu-30% Mn mother alloy, Cu-10% Cr mother alloy, Cu-15% P mother alloy, Cu-10% Fe, Cu-20% As mother alloy and the like were provided as raw materials; and then, they were melted in a high frequency melting furnace while regulating the composition thereof. Firstly, the melt was cast into a mold for a both end restriction test to evaluate the casting cracking resistance.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a brass having reduced amounts of lead and nickel or not containing them, and having improved castability and corrosion resistance. The brass, comprising Sn in the range of 0.05% to 0.2% by mass, at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P with total amount thereof in the range of 0.05% to 0.32% by mass, Al in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% by mass, Zn in the range of 33.0% to 40.0% by mass, at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi with total amount thereof in the range of 0.005% to 0.25% by mass, Ni in the range of 0.5% or less by mass, Si in the range of 0.5% or less by mass, at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe and B with total amount thereof in the range of 0.0001% to 0.3% by mass, and the balance substantially consisting of Cu and unavoidable impurities, and also an apparent content of Zn in the range of 36% to 41%, is excellent in castability and corrosion resistance.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a brass having reduced amounts of lead and nickel or not containing them; more specifically, the present invention relates to a brass for casting possessing having improved castability and corrosion resistance, which can be advantageously used, for example, for a water faucet metal fitting containing only minute amounts of lead and nickel, or not containing them.
    • BACKGROUND ART
  • A water faucet metal fitting is in general made of a brass or a bronze. From the viewpoint of improving the processability and corrosion resistance of the material, lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) are added. In recent years, however, the influences of Pb and Ni on the human body and environment have become a concern, and regulations related to Pb and Ni have been actively established in various countries. For example, in California, U.S.A., a regulation of the content of Pb in a water-contacting member of a water tap faucet which should be in the range of 0.25% or less by mass in weighted average has come into effect from January, 2010. In addition, in the U.S.A. and China, a regulation that leaching amounts of Pb and Ni should be not more than 5 μg/L and 20 μg/L, respectively, has already been in effect. Also in countries all over the world including Europe and Korea, other than the U.S.A., the movement of regulations as mentioned above is notable; and therefore, the development of materials which can cope with the regulations of containing amount of Pb or leaching amounts of Pb and Ni has been desired in the art.
  • As to the typical conventional lead-containing brass, in order to provide a copper alloy having improved metal mold castability and corrosion resistance, JP H08(1996)-337831 A proposes a copper alloy for metal mold casting which comprises 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of Sn, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of Al, 33.0 to 37.0% by weight of Zn, 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of Pb, and the balance Cu, with 35.7 to 41.0% by weight of a zinc equivalent, 15% or less of the area occupation rate of the β phase, and 17° C. or lower as the solidification temperature range thereof. According to this patent document, in order to improve machinability of the copper alloy, 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of Pb is added thereto. Moreover, in this patent document, Ni is not disclosed as the element contained in the copper alloy.
    • PRIOR ART DOCUMENT Patent Document
  • Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent H08(1996)-337831 A
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Inventor of the present invention recently found that in the brass having reduced amounts of Pb and Ni or not containing them, corrosion resistance inherently imparted to the brass by containing them can be remarkably improved by adding prescribed amounts of antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) each, and that even though addition of Sb and Sn sometimes can have an effect on casting cracking, the effect can be remedied by adding prescribed amounts of iron (Fe) and/or boron (B). The present invention is based on such finding.
  • Accordingly, the present invention has an object to provide a brass having reduced amounts of lead and nickel or not containing them, and also having improved castability, corrosion resistance, and the like.
  • The brass according to the present invention comprises:
  • Sn in the range of O,05% or more by mass to 0.2% or less by mass,
  • at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P with total amount thereof in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.32% or less by mass,
  • Al in the range of 0.1% or more by mass to 0.5% or less by mass,
  • Zn in the range of 33.0% or more by mass to 40.0% or less by mass,
  • at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi with total amount thereof in the range of 0.005% or more by mass to 0.25% or less by mass,
  • Ni in the range of 0.5% or less by mass,
  • Si in the range of 0.5% or less by mass,
  • at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe and B with total amount thereof in the range of 0.0001% or more by mass to 0.3% or less by mass, and
  • the balance substantially consisting of Cu and unavoidable impurities; and also
  • an apparent content of Zn in the range of 36% or more to 41% or less.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of mold 1 used in a both end restriction test method for evaluating casting cracking resistance.
    •  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • Definition:
  • In the present invention, the term “unavoidable impurities” as used herein means elements present in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass unless otherwise specified. For example, elements such as manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) are included in the unavoidable impurities. The amount of the unavoidable impurities is preferably less than 0.05% by mass.
  • At Least One or More Elements Selected from the Group Consisting of Pb and Bi:
  • The brass according to the present invention contains at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi (bismuth) with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.005% or more by mass to 0.25% or less by mass. In the present invention, amount of Pb can be made very small as mentioned above. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the addition amount of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi is made in the range of 0.15% or more by mass to 0.25% or less by mass as the total amount of them. In addition, according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the addition amount of Pb is made in the range of 0.13% or more by mass to 0.23% or less by mass.
  • Bi, on behalf of Pb, imparts the brass with processability (for example, machinability) comparable with the processability imparted by Pb. Accordingly, in the present invention, the addition amount of Bi is preferably in the range of 0.13% or more by mass to 0.23% or less by mass.
  • Ni: The brass according to the present invention contains Ni with the amount of 0.5% or less by mass. In the present invention, amount of Ni can be made very small as mentioned above. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the addition amount of Ni is made 0.2% or less by mass, while more preferably 0.1% or less by mass.
  • At Least One or More Elements Selected from the Group Consisting of Sb, As, and P:
  • The brass according to the present invention contains at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As (arsenic), and P (phosphorous) with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.32% or less by mass. In the brass according to the present invention, as mentioned above, the addition amount of Ni is so small that there is a tendency that sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained; however, by containing the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.32% or less by mass, the corrosion resistance thereof can be enhanced. This effect can be synergistically expressed by adding a prescribed amount of Sn (this will be mentioned later) as compared with the single addition thereof. If the total addition amount of these elements is more than 0.32% by mass, there is a tendency that the corrosion resistance of the brass is not improved so eminently; and therefore, in view of economy, the upper limit thereof is determined to be 0.32% by mass. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the total addition amount of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P is made in the range of 0.056% or more by mass to 0.315% or less by mass. According to another preferred embodiment, addition amount of each of Sb, As, and P is made in the range of 0.01% or more by mass to 0.30% or less by mass, in the range of 0.001% or more by mass to 0.30% or less by mass, and in the range of 0.005% or more by mass to 0.30% or less by mass, respectively.
  • Sn The brass according to the present invention contains Sn in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.2% or less by mass. In the brass according to the present invention, as mentioned above, the addition amount of Ni is so small that there is a tendency that sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained; however, by containing Sn in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.2% or less by mass, the corrosion resistance thereof can be enhanced. This effect can be synergistically expressed by adding a prescribed amount of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P, as compared with the single addition thereof.
  • At Least One or More Elements Selected from the Group Consisting of Fe and B:
  • The brass according to the present invention contains at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe and B with the total amount thereof in the range of 0.0001% or more by mass to 0.3% or less by mass. In the present invention, as mentioned above, by considering the influences on the human body and environment, the addition amounts of Pb and Ni, the containing amounts thereof or the leaching amounts thereof being regulated or intended to be regulated, are controlled to be very small. And therefore, this is based on the finding that deterioration of the corrosion resistance due to these reductions can be compensated by addition of prescribed amount of Sn as well as each of the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P. On the other hand, by reducing the addition amounts of Pb and Ni and by adding Sn as well as Sb and so forth, there is a possibility that the brass may not have sufficient castability; however, the brass according to the present invention is based on the simultaneous finding that the castability thereof can be remedied by containing the at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe and B within the range as mentioned above. That is, each of Fe and B facilitates refinement of crystals (especially proeutectic β phase) so that cracking during the time of casting can be effectively avoided. Further, the brass according to the present invention, by virtue of the refinement, can also be imparted with good mechanical properties.
  • Furthermore, B forms, together with Fe, Cr, and the like (these will be mentioned later), an intermetallic compound thereby forming hard spots which possibly pose problems in the surface processing of the molded product after casting. Accordingly, when a smooth and flat surface is wanted, it is preferable to lower the addition amount of B and/or the amounts of Fe, Cr, and the like. Specifically, the amount of B is preferably 0.005% or less by mass, more preferably 0.003% or less by mass, while still more preferably 0.002% or less by mass; and the amount of Fe is preferably 0.10% or less by mass; and the amount of Cr is preferably less than 0.1% by mass.
  • Zn: The brass according to the present invention contains Zn in the range of 33.0% or more by mass to 40.0% or less by mass. By making the addition amount of Zn in the range of 33.0% or more by mass, the casting yield thereof can be made higher. Also by making the addition amount of Zn in the range of 40.0% or less by mass, increase of the β-phase region, which is poor in the corrosion resistance, can be suppressed so that deterioration of the dezincification corrosion resistance may be avoided.
  • Al: The brass according to the present invention contains Al in the range of 0.1% or more by mass to 0.5% or less by mass. By having the addition amount of Al in the range of 0.1% or more by mass, castability thereof can be improved. Specifically, the warm-water fluidity and casting surface texture thereof can be improved. In the present invention, preferable addition amount of Al is 0.3% or more by mass. With this, the warm-water fluidity and casting surface texture thereof can be improved furthermore. Also by having the addition amount of Al in the range of 0.5% or less by mass, deterioration of elongation and impact resistance value can be suppressed.
  • Si: The brass according to the present invention contains Si in the range of 0.5% or less by mass. As will be described later, the Zn equivalent of Si proposed by Guillet is 10; and thus, it increases an apparent Zn content thereby leading to a possibility that heterogeneous phases such as γ phase and κ phase are crystallized out in the crystal texture. In the present invention, because the addition amount of Si is 0.5% or less by mass, a possibility that heterogeneous phases such as γ phase and κ phase are crystallized out in the crystal texture is low. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the addition amount of Si is 0.1% or less by mass.
  • Cu and Unavoidable Impurities:
  • In the brass according to the present invention, the balance after the above-mentioned element components comprises substantially copper (Cu) and unavoidable impurities. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the brass according to the present invention contains Cu in the range of 55% or more by mass to 709′o or less by mass. When the addition amount of Cu is made in the range of 70% or less by mass, cracking due to crystallization of dendrite of the proeutectic α phase can be suppressed. Also when the addition amount of Cu is 55% or more by mass, deterioration of the castability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties as the brass can be suppressed. According to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower limit of the addition amount of Cu is 58% by mass, and the upper limit thereof is 66% by mass.
  • In addition, the brass according to the present invention may contain various additives in order to improve properties of the brass. Also in the present invention, it is preferable that amounts of the unavoidable impurities be as small as possible, though presence of them is not excluded.
  • In the present invention, Cr forms, together with Fe, B, and the like, an intermetallic compound thereby forming hard spots which possibly pose problems in the surface processing of the molded product after casting. Therefore, when a smooth and flat surface is wanted, it is preferable to lower the amount of Cr. Specifically, the amount thereof is preferably less than 0.1% by mass, while more preferably less than 0.01% by mass.
  • In the present invention, Mn improves strength of the brass. When Mn is added, an intermetallic compound of Mn and Si is formed thereby forming hard spots which possibly pose problems in the surface processing of the molded product after casting. Therefore, in order to suppress the influence to the castability as mentioned above, it is preferable that amount of Mn be made as small as possible. Specifically, the amount thereof is preferably less than 0.1% by mass, while more preferably less than 0.01% by mass.
  • Apparent Zn Content:
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an apparent Zn content in the brass of the present invention is in the range of 36% or more to 41% or less. When the apparent Zn content is within this range, the brass not having cracks by casting can be obtained. In the present specification, the apparent Zn content means the amount calculated by the following equation proposed by Guillet. This equation is based on the concept that the addition of additive elements other than Zn exhibits the same tendency as the addition of Zn.

  • Apparent Zn content (%)=[(B+tq)/(A+B+tq)]×100
  • In the equation, A=% by mass of Cu and B=% by mass of Zn, wherein t represents the Zn equivalent of the additive element, and q represents % by mass of the addition amount of the additive element. The Zn equivalent of each element is Si=10, Al=6, Sn=2, Pb=1, Fe=0.9, Mn=0.5, and Ni=−1.3. The Zn equivalent of Bi has not been clearly defined yet. In the present specification, however, the Zn equivalent of Bi is calculated to be 0.6 in view of reference documents and the like. For the other elements, the value is regarded as “1,” because the addition amount of them is very small and thus the influence on the Zn equivalent value is small, too.
  • Ratio of the β Phase:
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the brass of the present invention, the ratio of the β phase in the crystal texture thereof is 15% or less. When the crystal texture as mentioned above is formed, the brass having improved corrosion resistance can be realized. In addition, according to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the β phase is 8% or less. By so doing, the brass for metal mold casting having improved corrosion resistance useful for a water faucet metal fitting can be realized. This is especially suitable for a pressure-resistant part of a water faucet metal fitting. Meanwhile, in the present invention, the ratio of the fi phase is based on the area ratio of the cross section of the crystals. For example, the ratio of the β phase may be determined as the area ratio of the β phase, for example, by subjecting a photograph of a crystal texture taken with an optical microscope to image processing.
  • Use:
  • The brass according to the present invention has the amounts of Pb and Ni reduced to very small, or does not contain these elements;
  • but on the other hand, the castability and corrosion resistance thereof are equal to or higher than the brass which contains Pb and Ni. Thus, the brass is preferably used in a water faucet metal fitting material. Specifically, the brass according to the present invention is preferably used as a material for a water supply metal fitting, a drainage metal fitting, a valve, and the like.
  • Production Method:
  • It is preferable that the brass according to the present invention be produced by the method which comprises heat treatment after casting thereby decreasing the ratio of the β phase in the crystal texture thereof. Because the corrosion resistance thereof increases with decrease of the ratio of the β phase, the brass having improved corrosion resistance can be obtained. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 450° C. to 550° C. and the time range of 30 minutes to 3 hours. When the heat treatment is carried out in the way as mentioned above, the brass having the ratio of the β phase in the range of 15% or less, preferably in the range of 8% or less, can be obtained. The brass obtained in this way has improved corrosion resistance.
  • In the present invention, when the heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 450° C. to 550° C., the region of the β phase decreases and the concentrations of Sn and Sb in the β phase increase, so that the corrosion resistance in the β phase improves dramatically. When the heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 550° C. or lower, increase of the region of the β phase can be suppressed thereby suppressing deterioration of the corrosion resistance. Also when the heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 450° C. or higher, uneven distribution of elements in particular region of a grain boundary is resolved without requiring time, so that the region of the β phase can be decreased.
  • In the present invention, when the heat treatment is carried out in the time range of 30 minutes to 3 hours, the effect that the phase becomes smaller can be obtained. In addition, this effect can be sufficiently obtained within 3 hours of the heat treatment. The heat treatment longer than 3 hours does not give a significant effect of it; and thus, in view of economy, it is preferable that the upper limit of the time for the heat treatment be within 3 hours.
  • In addition, molded products using the brass according to the present invention as a material may be produced by any of mold casting and sand casting by virtue of good castability thereof. However, the effect of the good castability can be more clearly enjoyed in the mold casting. Further, the brass according to the present invention has good machinability and thus can be machined after casting. Furthermore, after continuous casting, the brass according to the present invention may be extruded into a bar for machining and a bar for forging, or alternatively may be drawn into a wire rod.
    • EXAMPLES
  • The following Examples further illustrate the present invention. However, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
    • Evaluation Tests:
  • Evaluation tests each conducted in the following Examples will be described in detail.
    • (1) Casting Cracking Resistance Test
  • The casting cracking resistance was evaluated by a both end restriction test method. In this test, a mold 1 having a shape shown in FIG. 1 was used. In FIG. 1, a heat insulating material 2 was arranged at the central part thereof so that the central part might be cooled later than both end restriction parts 3. The restriction end distance (2L) was 100 mm, and the length (2I) of the heat insulating material was 70 mm.
  • In the test, in such a state that the restriction parts were rapidly quenched while the both ends were restricted, the solidification of the central part was allowed to proceed. In this case, whether or not cracking took place at the central part of a test piece as the final solidified part by the resultant solidification shrinkage stress was examined.
  • The casting cracking resistance was evaluated as ⊚ (Excellent) when cracking did not take place; as ∘ (Good) when cracking partially took place but the cracking was not such a level that the test piece was broken; and as × (Bad) when cracking took place resulting in breaking of the test piece.
    • (2) Corrosion Resistance Test
  • A cast ingot having a diameter of 35 mm and a length of 100 mm was produced by metal mold casting. This cast ingot was used as a test piece and was tested according to the technical standards JBMA T-303-2007 established by Japan Copper and Brass Association. The corrosion resistance was evaluated as ⊚ (Excellent) when the maximum erosion depth was 100 μm or less; as ∘ (Good) when the maximum erosion depth was 150 μm or less; and as × (Bad) when the maximum erosion depth was more than 150 μm.
    • Examples 1-1 to 10-8
  • Brasses having chemical compositions shown in the following Tables were produced by casting. Specifically, electrolytic Cu, electrolytic Zn, virgin Bi metal, electrolytic Pb, virgin Sn metal, virgin Sb metal, Cu-30% Ni mother alloy, electrolytic Al, Cu-15% Si mother alloy, Cu-2% B mother alloy, Cu-30% Mn mother alloy, Cu-10% Cr mother alloy, Cu-15% P mother alloy, Cu-10% Fe, Cu-20% As mother alloy and the like were provided as raw materials; and then, they were melted in a high frequency melting furnace while regulating the composition thereof. Firstly, the melt was cast into a mold for a both end restriction test to evaluate the casting cracking resistance.
  • Subsequently, the melt was cast into a cylindrical mold to produce a cast ingot having a diameter of 35 mm and a length of 100 mm. The cast ingot was used as a sample for the evaluation of the corrosion resistance. The evaluation results are shown in the following Tables.
  • TABLE 1
    Zn
    Exam- equiv Casting Corrosion
    ple Cu Zn Pb Bi Ni Sb As P Sn Al Fe B Si Mn Cr alent cracking resistance
    1-1 66.00 33.02 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 35.0 X ⊚
    1-2 65.00 34.02 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
    1-3 64.00 35.04 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.0 ◯ ⊚
    1-4 63.00 36.02 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    1-5 62.00 37.02 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 39.0 ⊚ ⊚
    1-6 61.00 38.02 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 40.0 ⊚ ◯
    1-7 59.90 39.12 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    1-8 58.90 40.12 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 42.0 ⊚ X
    2-1 63.00 36.20 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ⊚ ◯
    2-2 63.00 36.05 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ◯
    2-3 63.30 35.95 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ◯ ⊚
    2-4 63.00 35.80 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    2-5 64.40 34.84 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
    2-6 59.40 39.84 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    2-7 65.70 33.14 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.50 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
    2-8 60.50 38.34 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.50 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    3-1 63.00 36.20 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.05 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ⊚ ◯
    3-2 63.00 36.05 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.05 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ◯
    3-3 63.00 35.95 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.30 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ⊚ ⊚
    3-4 63.00 35.80 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    3-5 63.00 36.20 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ⊚ ◯
    3-6 63.00 36.05 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ◯
    3-7 63.00 35.95 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.30 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ⊚ ⊚
    3-8 63.00 35.80 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.30 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    4-1 61.60 36.99 0.20 0.01 0.50 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    4-2 62.10 36.79 0.20 0.01 0.20 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    4-3 62.30 36.74 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    4-4 62.30 36.84 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0 0 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 X ⊚
    4-5 62.30 36.54 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0 0.30 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    4-6 62.30 36.54 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.30 0 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ◯ ⊚
  • TABLE 2
    Zn
    Exam- equiv- Casting Corrosion
    ple Cu Zn Pb Bi Ni Sb As P Sn Al Fe B Si Mn Cr alent cracking resistance
    5-1 65.00 34.04 0.03 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ⊚ ⊚
    5-2 62.20 36.84 0.03 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    5-3 59.90 39.14 0.03 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ⊚
    5-4 62.80 36.15 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.10 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    5-5 63.90 34.85 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.30 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    5-6 65.00 33.55 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.50 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    5-7 62.30 36.73 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0050 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    5-8 62.30 36.72 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0200 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ◯ ◯
    6-1 65.00 34.23 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ◯
    6-2 59.90 39.33 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    6-3 65.10 33.98 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ◯
    6-4 60.00 39.08 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    6-5 65.00 33.98 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
    6-6 59.90 39.08 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ⊚
    6-7 65.10 33.73 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
    6-8 60.00 38.83 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ◯ ⊚
    7-1 62.30 36.92 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ◯
    7-2 62.30 36.77 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ◯ ◯
    7-3 62.30 36.67 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ◯ ⊚
    7-4 62.30 36.52 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ◯ ⊚
    7-5 64.30 34.96 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
    7-6 59.30 39.96 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    7-7 65.60 33.26 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.50 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
    7-8 60.50 38.36 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.50 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    8-1 62.30 36.77 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    8-2 62.80 36.18 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.10 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    8-3 63.90 34.88 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.30 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    8-4 65.00 33.58 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.50 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    8-5 61.70 36.92 0.01 0.20 0.50 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    8-6 62.30 36.57 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ◯ ⊚
    8-7 62.30 36.76 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0100 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ◯
    8-8 64.40 33.52 0.01 0.20 0.50 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.0100 0.50 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ◯ ⊚
  • TABLE 3
    Zn
    Exam- equiv- Casting Corrosion
    ple Cu Zn Pb Bi Ni Sb As P Sn Al Fe B Si Mn Cr alent cracking resistance
     9-1 64.90 34.33 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
     9-2 59.80 39.43 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ⊚
     9-3 65.00 34.08 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.9 ◯ ⊚
     9-4 59.90 39.18 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ⊚
     9-5 64.90 34.08 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
     9-6 59.80 39.18 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ⊚
     9-7 65.00 33.83 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 36.0 ◯ ⊚
     9-8 59.90 38.93 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.30 0.001 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.0 ◯ ⊚
    10-1 63.00 36.23 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.05 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ◯ ◯
    10-2 63.00 36.08 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.05 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    10-3 63.00 35.98 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.30 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ⊚ ⊚
    10-4 63.00 35.83 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    10-5 63.00 36.23 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ⊚ ⊚
    10-6 63.00 36.08 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    10-7 63.00 35.98 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.30 0.005 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 37.9 ◯ ⊚
    10-8 63.00 35.83 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.30 0.005 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.0 ◯ ⊚
  • TABLE 4
    Cast- Corro-
    Zn ing sion
    Exam- equiv- crack- resist-
    ple Cu Zn Pb Bi Ni Sb As P Sn Al Fe B Si Mn Cr alent ing ance
    11-1 62.30 36.86 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ X
    11-2 62.30 36.38 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.50 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 X ⊚
    11-3 62.20 37.00 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ X
    11-4 62.50 36.22 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 X ⊚
    11-5 61.40 37.97 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ X
    11-6 63.80 34.77 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.80 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 X ⊚
    11-7 65.30 33.08 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.70 0.005 0.0025 39.4 ◯ X
    11-8 62.30 36.68 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.001 0.10 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ◯ ⊚
    12-1 62.20 36.96 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ X
    12-2 62.20 36.48 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.50 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 X ⊚
    12-3 62.20 37.00 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ X
    12-4 62.50 36.22 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 X ⊚
    12-5 61.30 38.07 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ X
    12-6 63.80 34.77 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.80 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 X ⊚
    12-7 65.30 33.08 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.70 0.005 0.0025 39.4 ◯ X
    12-8 62.20 36.78 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.001 0.10 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ◯ ⊚
    13-1 62.30 36.96 0.005 0 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    13-2 62.30 36.82 0.15 0 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    13-3 62.30 36.72 0.25 0 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    13-4 62.30 36.82 0.13 0.02 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    13-5 62.30 36.72 0.23 0.02 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    13-6 62.30 36.72 0.20 0.01 0.10 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    13-7 62.60 36.37 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.10 0.010 0.0025 38.9 ⊚ ⊚
    13-8 62.30 36.76 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0100 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    14-1 62.30 36.96 0 0.005 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    14-2 62.30 36.82 0 0.15 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    14-3 62.30 36.72 0 0.25 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    14-4 62.30 36.82 0.02 0.13 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.7 ⊚ ⊚
    14-5 62.30 36.72 0.02 0.23 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    14-6 62.30 36.72 0.01 0.20 0.10 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    14-7 62.60 36.37 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.10 0.010 0.0025 38.8 ⊚ ⊚
    14-8 62.30 36.76 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0100 38.6 ⊚ ⊚
    • Examples shown in Table 4 especially clarify the significance and influence of the following elements.
    • Examples 11-1, 11-2, 11-8, 12-1, 12-2, and 12-8: Sb, As, and P
    • Examples 11-3, 11-4, 12-3, and 12-4: Sn
    • Examples 11-5, 11-6, 12-5, and 12-6: Al
    • Examples 11-7 and 12-7: Si
    • Examples 13-1 to 13-5, and 14-1 to 14-5: Pb and Bi
    • Examples 13-6 and 14-6: Ni
    • Examples 13-7 and 14-7: Mn
    • Examples 13-8 and 14-8: Cr
  • TABLE 5
    Cast- Corro-
    Zn ing sion
    Exam- equiv- crack- resist-
    ple Cu Zn Pb Bi Ni Sb As P Sn Al Fe B Si Mn Cr alent ing ance
    15-1 63.10 35.68 0.15 0 0.10 0.25 0.001 0.010 0.07 0.40 0.20 0.0037 0.02 0.010 0.005 38.1 ◯ ⊚
    15-2 62.00 36.99 0.23 0.01 0.08 0.20 0.001 0.020 0.23 0.13 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.003 38.5 ◯ ⊚
    15-3 63.60 35.16 0.18 0.01 0.15 0.07 0.001 0.005 0.28 0.42 0.08 0.0032 0.04 0.008 0.004 37.9 ◯ ⊚
    15-4 63.10 35.79 0.25 0 0.05 0.15 0.001 0.008 0.17 0.35 0.10 0.0025 0.02 0.006 0.008 38.1 ⊚ ⊚
    15-5 63.60 35.46 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.08 0.001 0.007 0.10 0.46 0.06 0.0035 0.02 0.005 0.002 37.9 ⊚ ◯
    15-6 59.50 39.21 0.20 0.01 0.30 0.28 0.001 0.005 0.27 0.11 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.008 0.002 40.6 ⊚ ◯
    15-7 65.50 33.10 0.16 0.01 0.08 0.17 0.001 0.010 0.13 0.48 0.07 0.0034 0.29 0.005 0.003 37.6 ◯ ⊚
    15-8 63.40 35.31 0.22 0.01 0.09 0.12 0.001 0.080 0.15 0.27 0.23 0.0023 0.11 0.010 0.010 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    16-1 63.20 35.57 0.01 0.14 0.11 0.26 0.001 0.010 0.07 0.41 0.19 0.0035 0.02 0.010 0.005 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    16-2 62.20 36.78 0.01 0.22 0.10 0.21 0.001 0.021 0.24 0.11 0.09 0.0022 0.02 0.004 0.002 38.2 ◯ ⊚
    16-3 63.50 35.26 0.01 0.19 0.14 0.07 0.001 0.004 0.29 0.41 0.09 0.0034 0.03 0.008 0.003 37.9 ◯ ⊚
    16-4 63.20 35.72 0.01 0.24 0.03 0.14 0.001 0.009 0.14 0.37 0.10 0.0026 0.01 0.008 0.009 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    16-5 63.50 35.60 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.001 0.008 0.09 0.45 0.05 0.0038 0.01 0.006 0.003 37.9 ⊚ ◯
    16-6 59.40 39.32 0.01 0.21 0.29 0.28 0.001 0.004 0.28 0.10 0.09 0.0018 0.02 0.004 0.003 40.7 ⊚ ◯
    16-7 65.40 33.16 0.01 0.15 0.10 0.16 0.001 0.020 0.15 0.47 0.08 0.0036 0.30 0.008 0.003 37.7 ◯ ⊚
    16-8 63.20 35.56 0.01 0.21 0.10 0.13 0.001 0.080 0.14 0.25 0.21 0.0024 0.10 0.010 0.010 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    17-1 62.80 36.36 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ⊚ X
    17-2 62.80 36.41 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ X
    17-3 62.80 36.03 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.35 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 X ⊚
    17-4 62.80 36.18 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.25 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.3 X ⊚
    17-5 62.80 36.36 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.02 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ⊚ X
    17-6 62.80 36.41 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.10 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ◯ X
    17-7 62.80 36.03 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.35 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 X ⊚
    17-8 62.80 36.18 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.10 0.25 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.3 X ◯
    18-1 62.80 36.36 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ X
    18-2 62.80 36.41 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ X
    18-3 62.80 36.03 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.35 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 X ⊚
    18-4 62.80 36.18 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.25 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 X ⊚
    18-5 62.80 36.36 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.02 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ⊚ X
    18-6 62.80 36.41 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.10 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ◯ X
    18-7 62.80 36.03 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.35 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 X ⊚
    18-8 62.80 36.18 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.10 0.25 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 X ◯
    • Examples 15-1 to 15-8 and 16-1 to 16-8 give the compositions which are considered to be more preferable.
    • Examples shown in Table 5 especially clarify the significance and influence of the following elements.
    • Examples 17-1, 17-3, 17-5, 17-7, 18-1, 18-3, 18-5, and 18-7: Sb, As, and P
    • Examples 17-2, 17-4, 17-6, 17-8, 18-2, 18-4, 18-6, and 18-8: Sn
  • TABLE 6
    Cast- Corro-
    Zn ing sion
    Exam- equiv- crack- resist-
    ple Cu Zn Pb Bi Ni Sb As P Sn Al Fe B Si Mn Cr alent ing ance
    19-1 62.80 36.43 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.025 0.001 0.025 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ ◯
    19-2 62.80 36.28 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.025 0.001 0.025 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ⊚ ◯
    19-3 62.80 36.38 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ ◯
    19-4 62.80 36.23 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ◯ ◯
    19-5 62.80 36.28 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.100 0.001 0.100 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ◯ ⊚
    19-6 62.80 36.13 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.100 0.001 0.100 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ◯ ⊚
    19-7 62.80 36.18 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.150 0.001 0.150 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ◯ ⊚
    19-8 62.80 36.03 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.150 0.001 0.150 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ◯ ⊚
    20-1 62.80 36.43 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.025 0.001 0.025 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ ◯
    20-2 62.80 36.28 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.025 0.001 0.025 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ⊚ ◯
    20-3 62.80 36.38 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ ◯
    20-4 62.80 36.23 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ◯ ◯
    20-5 62.80 36.28 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.100 0.001 0.100 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ◯ ⊚
    20-6 62.80 36.13 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.100 0.001 0.100 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ◯ ⊚
    20-7 62.80 36.18 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.150 0.001 0.150 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ◯ ⊚
    20-8 62.80 36.03 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.150 0.001 0.150 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ◯ ⊚
    21-1 62.80 36.36 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.010 0.001 0.010 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 ⊚ X
    21-2 62.80 36.41 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ X
    21-3 62.80 36.03 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.175 0.001 0.175 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 X ⊚
    21-4 62.80 36.18 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.3 X ⊚
    21-5 62.80 36.36 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.010 0.001 0.010 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ X
    21-6 62.80 36.41 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 ⊚ X
    21-7 62.80 36.03 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.175 0.001 0.175 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.1 X ⊚
    21-8 62.80 36.18 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.02 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 38.2 X ⊚
    22-1 64.70 34.62 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.05 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 35.5 X ⊚
    22-2 60.80 37.82 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.75 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.5 ◯ X
    22-3 66.40 32.47 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.50 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 35.3 X ⊚
    22-4 58.70 40.57 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.7 ◯ X
    22-5 64.70 34.62 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.05 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 35.5 X ⊚
    22-6 60.80 37.82 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.75 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.4 ◯ X
    22-7 66.40 32.47 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.50 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 35.2 X ⊚
    22-8 58.70 40.57 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0025 41.6 ◯ X
    • Examples shown in Table 6 especially clarify the significance and influence of the following elements.
    • Examples 19-1 to 19-8, 20-1 to 20-8, 21-1, 21-3, 21-5, and 21-7: Sb, As, and P
    • Examples 19-1 to 19-8, 20-1 to 20-8, 21-2, 21-4, 21-6, and 21-8: Sn
    • Examples 22-1 to 22-8: apparent Zn content
    • Examples 22-1, 22-2, 22-5, and 22-6: Al
    • Examples 22-3, 22-4, 22-7, and 22-8: Zn
  • TABLE 7
    Cast- Corro-
    Zn ing sion
    Exam- equiv- crack- resist-
    ple Cu Zn Pb Bi Ni Sb As P Sn Al Fe B Si Mn Cr alent ing ance
    23-1 63.00 35.97 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.100 0.0025 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    23-2 63.00 36.02 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.050 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    23-3 63.00 35.97 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.1000 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    23-4 63.00 36.02 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0500 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    23-5 63.00 35.97 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.100 0.0025 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    23-6 63.00 36.02 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.050 0.0025 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    23-7 63.00 35.97 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.1000 38.0 ◯ ⊚
    23-8 63.00 36.02 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0500 38.0 ⊚ ⊚
    24-1 63.00 35.38 0.20 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.70 0.005 0.0025 41.6 ⊚ X
    24-2 58.60 39.99 0.25 0.01 0.50 0.15 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.05 0.25 0.0020 0 0.100 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    24-3 66.00 33.02 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.0020 0.50 0.010 0.0025 37.5 ◯ ◯
    24-4 62.80 36.31 0.20 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0050 38.1 ⊚ ⊚
    24-5 63.00 35.38 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.001 0.005 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.0020 0.70 0.005 0.0025 41.5 ⊚ X
    24-6 58.60 39.99 0.01 0.25 0.50 0.15 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.05 0.25 0.0020 0 0.100 0.0025 41.0 ⊚ ◯
    24-7 66.00 33.02 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.0020 0.50 0.010 0.0025 37.4 ◯ ◯
    24-8 62.80 36.31 0.01 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.001 0.005 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.0015 0.01 0.005 0.0050 38.1 ⊚ ⊚
    • Examples shown in Table 7 especially clarify the significance and influence of the following elements.
    • Examples 23-1 to 23-8: unavoidable impurities
    • Examples 23-1, 23-2, 23-5, and 23-6: Mn
    • Examples 23-3, 23-4, 23-7, and 23-8: Cr
    • Examples 24-1 and 24-5: Si
    • Examples 24-1 and 24-5: apparent Zn content
    • Examples 24-2, 24-3, 24-6, and 24-7: Cu and unavoidable impurities

Claims (6)

What is claimed is:
1. A brass comprising:
Sn in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.2% or less by mass,
at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, and P with total amount thereof in the range of 0.05% or more by mass to 0.32% or less by mass,
Al in the range of 0.1% or more by mass to O.5% or less by mass,
Zn in the range of 33.0% or more by mass to 40.0% or less by mass,
at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi with total amount thereof in the range of 0.005% or more by mass to 0.25% or less by mass,
Ni in the range of 0.5% or less by mass,
Si in the range of 0.5% or less by mass,
at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe and B with total amount thereof in the range of 0.0001% or more by mass to 0.3% or less by mass, and
the balance substantially consisting of Cu and unavoidable impurities; and also
an apparent content of Zn in the range of 36% or more to 41% or less.
2. The brass according to claim 1, wherein ratio of β phase in crystal texture thereof is 15% or less.
3. The brass according to claim 2, wherein the brass is obtained, after casting, by heat treatment carried out in a temperature range of 450° C. to 550° C. and a time range of 30 minutes to 3 hours.
4. A method for producing the brass according to claim 1, wherein the said method comprises, after casting, the heat treatment carried out in a temperature range of 450° C. to 550° C. and a time range of 30 minutes to 3 hours.
5. A water faucet metal fitting comprising the brass according to claim 1.
6. The water faucet fitting according to claim 5, wherein the said water faucet fitting is produced by metal mold casting.
US15/005,325 2015-01-28 2016-01-25 Brass having improved castability and corrosion resistance Abandoned US20160215366A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015014370 2015-01-28
JP2015-014370 2015-01-28
JP2015239068A JP6056947B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2015-12-08 Brass with excellent castability and corrosion resistance
JP2015-239068 2015-12-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20160215366A1 true US20160215366A1 (en) 2016-07-28

Family

ID=55221338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/005,325 Abandoned US20160215366A1 (en) 2015-01-28 2016-01-25 Brass having improved castability and corrosion resistance

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20160215366A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3050983B1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140234156A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2014-08-21 Toto Ltd. Brass with excellent corrosion resistance
WO2018147717A1 (en) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Nacional de Cobre, S.A. de C.V. Copper alloys with a low lead content
US20180371581A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2018-12-27 Xiamen Lota International Co., Ltd Low-cost lead-free dezincification-resistant brass alloy for casting
US10584776B2 (en) * 2018-08-08 2020-03-10 Dongguan Tomuu Actuator Technology Co., Ltd. High-efficiency high-thrust electric linear actuator for solar panel
WO2022096276A1 (en) * 2020-11-03 2022-05-12 Aurubis Stolberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Brass alloy
US11479834B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2022-10-25 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Free-cutting copper alloy and method for manufacturing free-cutting copper alloy

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107385273B (en) * 2017-07-07 2019-03-01 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 A kind of casting environment-friendly yellow brass alloy and its manufacturing method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101440443A (en) * 2008-12-10 2009-05-27 宁波博威集团有限公司 Dezincification corrosion resistant low-stibium aluminum yellow brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof
US20100155011A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Chuankai Xu Lead-Free Free-Cutting Aluminum Brass Alloy And Its Manufacturing Method
WO2014135181A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-12 Grohe Ag Copper-zinc alloy for a plumbing fitting and method for the production thereof

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0833783A (en) 1994-07-25 1996-02-06 Nhk Spring Co Ltd Covering method of skin cover
JP3461081B2 (en) * 1995-04-10 2003-10-27 東陶機器株式会社 Copper alloy for mold casting excellent in corrosion resistance, method for producing the alloy, and faucet using the alloy
JP2010242184A (en) * 2009-04-07 2010-10-28 Toto Ltd Lead-free, free-machining brass excellent in castability and corrosion resistance
CN102312123A (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-01-11 浙江艾迪西流体控制股份有限公司 Brass alloy
WO2013065830A1 (en) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-10 三菱伸銅株式会社 Hot-forged copper alloy article
CN104087782A (en) * 2013-04-01 2014-10-08 浙江艾迪西流体控制股份有限公司 Low-lead brass alloy and preparation method thereof
CN103469004B (en) * 2013-08-14 2015-12-02 永和流体智控股份有限公司 A kind of Pb-free copper-alloy material
KR20150093099A (en) * 2014-01-03 2015-08-17 찌아싱 아이디시 플러밍 엔드 히팅 테크놀로지 엘티디 Low-lead bismuth-free silicon-free brass

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101440443A (en) * 2008-12-10 2009-05-27 宁波博威集团有限公司 Dezincification corrosion resistant low-stibium aluminum yellow brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof
US20100155011A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Chuankai Xu Lead-Free Free-Cutting Aluminum Brass Alloy And Its Manufacturing Method
WO2014135181A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-12 Grohe Ag Copper-zinc alloy for a plumbing fitting and method for the production thereof

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140234156A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2014-08-21 Toto Ltd. Brass with excellent corrosion resistance
US10351933B2 (en) * 2012-02-01 2019-07-16 Toto Ltd. Brass with excellent corrosion resistance
US20180371581A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2018-12-27 Xiamen Lota International Co., Ltd Low-cost lead-free dezincification-resistant brass alloy for casting
US11028465B2 (en) * 2015-12-22 2021-06-08 Xiamen Lota International Co., Ltd. Low-cost lead-free dezincification-resistant brass alloy for casting
WO2018147717A1 (en) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Nacional de Cobre, S.A. de C.V. Copper alloys with a low lead content
US10584776B2 (en) * 2018-08-08 2020-03-10 Dongguan Tomuu Actuator Technology Co., Ltd. High-efficiency high-thrust electric linear actuator for solar panel
US11479834B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2022-10-25 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Free-cutting copper alloy and method for manufacturing free-cutting copper alloy
US11512370B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2022-11-29 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Free-cutting copper alloy and method for producing free-cutting copper alloy
US11788173B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2023-10-17 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Free-cutting copper alloy, and manufacturing method of free-cutting copper alloy
US11814712B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2023-11-14 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Free-cutting copper alloy and method for producing free-cutting copper alloy
WO2022096276A1 (en) * 2020-11-03 2022-05-12 Aurubis Stolberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Brass alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3050983A1 (en) 2016-08-03
EP3050983B1 (en) 2019-03-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20160215366A1 (en) Brass having improved castability and corrosion resistance
US8968492B2 (en) Lead-free free-machining brass having improved castability
JP6056947B2 (en) Brass with excellent castability and corrosion resistance
JP6493473B2 (en) Brass with excellent corrosion resistance
KR102597784B1 (en) A aluminum alloy and for die casting and method for manufacturing the same, die casting method
CN101440444B (en) Leadless free-cutting high-zinc silicon brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof
KR101159562B1 (en) Cu-ni-si-co-based copper alloy for electronic material, and method for production thereof
JP5591661B2 (en) Copper-based alloy for die casting with excellent dezincification corrosion resistance
JP2010242184A (en) Lead-free, free-machining brass excellent in castability and corrosion resistance
JP4754930B2 (en) Cu-Ni-Si based copper alloy for electronic materials
CN101988164A (en) Dezincification resistant brass alloy with low lead content
TWI645053B (en) Hot worked product of brass alloy and method for manufacturing hot worked product of brass alloy
US20210180159A1 (en) Aluminum alloy for die casting and method of manufacturing cast aluminum alloy using the same
TWI452153B (en) Excellent lead-free quick-brushed brass
JP7293696B2 (en) Aluminum alloy casting material and manufacturing method thereof
KR100878165B1 (en) Copper-nickel-silicon based copper alloy for electronic material, wrought copper and copper alloy using thereof and electronic device part using therof
CN109338154A (en) The heat treatment process of acid bronze alloy glass mold material
CN103384727A (en) High-strength copper alloy forging
KR100834202B1 (en) Sn-CONTAINING COPPER ALLOY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF
JP2005248303A (en) Leadless free-cutting brass casting and method for producing leadless free-cutting brass article
TW202407110A (en) Wrought copper-zinc alloy, semi-finished product formed of a wrought copper-zinc alloy and method for producing a semi-finished product of this type
JP5564357B2 (en) Copper alloys and castings
CN102433461A (en) Anti-dezincification yellow brass alloy

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: TOTO LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:UCHIDA, TORU;REEL/FRAME:037574/0560

Effective date: 20160115

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION