US20160101614A1 - Forming a flexographic plate - Google Patents
Forming a flexographic plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160101614A1 US20160101614A1 US14/509,253 US201414509253A US2016101614A1 US 20160101614 A1 US20160101614 A1 US 20160101614A1 US 201414509253 A US201414509253 A US 201414509253A US 2016101614 A1 US2016101614 A1 US 2016101614A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- image
- dfe
- edge
- pattern
- interior
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007774 anilox coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007647 flexography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/003—Forme preparation the relief or intaglio pattern being obtained by imagewise deposition of a liquid, e.g. by an ink jet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2022—Multi-step exposure, e.g. hybrid; backside exposure; blanket exposure, e.g. for image reversal; edge exposure, e.g. for edge bead removal; corrective exposure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
- B41N1/12—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor non-metallic other than stone, e.g. printing plates or foils comprising inorganic materials in an organic matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
- G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
- G06K15/18—Conditioning data for presenting it to the physical printing elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
- G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
- G06K15/18—Conditioning data for presenting it to the physical printing elements
- G06K15/1801—Input data handling means
- G06K15/1822—Analysing the received data before processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
- G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
- G06K15/18—Conditioning data for presenting it to the physical printing elements
- G06K15/1801—Input data handling means
- G06K15/1825—Adapting the print data to an output condition, e.g. object trapping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method forming an image on a flexographic plate.
- a number of well-established printing processes utilize image carriers with three-dimensional (3D) representation of data, the most popular of them being flexographic printing, which uses flexible relief plates or sleeves.
- the relief is composed of the raised features on the plate such as the features labeled 204 , 208 , and 212 in FIG. 2 . It is the relief that accepts and transfers ink to the substrate.
- flexographic prepress process with chemical etching there is no possibility of fine control of relief properties other than depth of relief 216 .
- Flexographic printing uses a flexible relief plate to print on a wide variety of substrates including paper, cardboard, plastic, and metal films.
- a simplified diagram of a flexographic printing press is shown in FIG. 1 .
- Ink 10 in a fountain pan is taken up by a rubber roller 12 and transferred to the surface of the Anilox roller 14 .
- the surface of the Anilox roller is composed of an array of indented cells that allow careful metering of the ink volume.
- a doctor blade 16 removes any excess ink from the roller before the ink is transferred to the printing plate cylinder 18 .
- Mounted on the plate cylinder is a flexographic printing plate 20 .
- the final step transfers the ink from the plate to the substrate 22 with the impression cylinder 24 supplying support for the substrate.
- the process used to produce an image on flexible relief plate usually comprises the following steps:
- the back exposure is used to establish the floor of the plate.
- the intensity of the exposure decreases as the illumination penetrates the plate because of absorbers added to the plate material. Once the intensity drops below a threshold value, there is insufficient cross linking in the polymer comprising the plate and the remaining under-exposed polymer can be washed away. This is usually the top 0.5 mm of the plate.
- the front of the plate is exposed, through an image layer with enough intensity that sufficient cross linking occurs all the way down to the plate floor.
- a cross-section of a plate 200 is shown in FIG. 2 .
- the following features are depicted in the cross-section 200 : a solid area 204 ; an isolated dot 208 ; and an array 212 of closely spaced dots created by a halftone screen.
- the height of the plate relief is shown by numeral 216 and plate floor by numeral 220 .
- the stretched checkerboard pattern 304 is composed of 5 ⁇ 10 micron rectangles and works well for process inks printed on a paper substrate.
- Such a fine pattern has an additional advantage in that it allows the edges of printing features to be well defined.
- the pattern does have its limits. When printing on plastic substrates, voids can appear in large features due to air entrapment. The pattern also performs poorly if large volumes of ink need to be transferred to the substrate. To eliminate these problems, a coarser pattern is required. However, a coarser pattern will compromise edge definition.
- FIG. 4 shows a section of halftone with a smooth relief.
- the ink deposition was uneven resulting in a reduction in measured ink density.
- ink often squeezed out at relief edges reducing ink density just inside the edge with a ring of high density ink just outside the edge.
- One method of improving the performance of the plate is to apply a very fine pattern 504 , shown in FIG. 5 , to the surface of the relief. This creates a texture that is smaller than the resolution of the flexographic printing method.
- the stretched checkerboard of FIG. 5 is one such example.
- the dimensions of the pixels shown in FIG. 5 are 5.3 by 10.6 microns.
- the pixels that form on the plate are slightly smaller, creating small gaps between pixels at the corners.
- the edges of the pixels fall off at an angle of about 40 degrees to a valley floor, 3 to 4 microns below the relief surface. This shape allows ink to settle in the valleys and to migrate between valleys at the pixel corners. The result is a more even deposition of ink on the substrate.
- FIG. 10 shows one implementation of this method.
- a coarser pattern 1004 is used in the interior of the relief and a 2 pixel keep-away 1008 is implemented at the edges. This keep-away 1008 conserves the shape of the dot.
- the pattern shown in FIG. 10 is a regularly spaced pattern but this is not a requirement of the method.
- Stochastic screening methods have been used to randomly locate voids in the relief areas without violating the keep-away rule.
- An example of the stochastic method can be seen in the lower left corner of FIG. 3 identified as ‘Traditional Plate Cell Patterning’ 308 .
- this invention combines a fine pattern at the edges of printing features with a coarser pattern in the interior of the features.
- a system for forming a flexographic plate includes a digital front end (DFE) for rendering a halftone image; wherein the DFE identifies pixels in the halftone image as being part of an edge region or interior region based on the pixels proximity to an edge image features; wherein the DFE applies a fine pattern to each of the edge regions; wherein the DFE applies a coarse pattern to each of the interior regions; an interface for transmitting the patterned image to an imaging device; and wherein the imaging device images the flexographic plate with the patterned image.
- DFE digital front end
- FIG. 1 shows simplified diagram of a flexographic printing press (prior art).
- FIG. 2 imaged plate cross section(prior art);
- FIG. 3 shows texture applied to the flat tops of the printing relief (prior art).
- FIG. 4 shows a section of halftone with a smooth relief (prior art).
- FIG. 5 shows a very fine pattern applied to the surface of the relief
- FIG. 6 represents in diagrammatic form of a digital front end driving an imaging device (prior art).
- FIG. 7 represents in diagrammatic form the laser imaging head situated on the imaging carriage imaging on a plate mounted on an imaging cylinder (prior art);
- FIG. 8 shows a halftone rendered image (prior art).
- FIG. 9 shows a rendered image on flexographic plate (prior art).
- FIG. 10 shows a regularly spaced pattern
- FIG. 11 shows a printed scheme adapted to eliminate trailing edge voids by forming of two surface patterns
- FIG. 12 shows larger valleys in the pattern adapted for white ink
- FIG. 13 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of the patterning method
- FIG. 14 showing decisions on edge, interior and external pixels according to pixel window on a pixel sample.
- FIG. 6 shows an imaging device 608 .
- the imaging device is driven by a digital front end (DFE) 604 .
- the DFE receives printing jobs in a digital form from desktop publishing (DTP) systems (not shown), and renders the digital information for imaging.
- the rendered information and imaging device control data are communicated between DFE 604 and imaging device 608 over interface line 612 .
- FIG. 7 shows an imaging system 700 .
- the imaging system 700 includes an imaging carriage 732 , on which an imaging head 720 is mounted, and the imaging head 720 is controlled by controller 728 .
- the imaging head 720 is configured to image on a substrate 708 .
- the substrate can be a film attached as a mask to a flexographic plate, or alternatively a flexographic plate that will be directly imaged by imaging system 700 .
- the substrate 708 is mounted on a rotating cylinder 704 for exposure.
- the carriage 732 is adapted to move substantially in parallel to cylinder 704 guided by an advancement screw 716 .
- the substrate 708 is imaged by imaging head 720 to form imaged data 712 on substrate 708 .
- FIG. 8 shows a halftone rendered image 800 .
- the rendered image 800 was prepared by DFE 604 , to be further imaged on substrate 708 .
- FIG. 9 shows rendered image 800 imaged by imaging head 720 on substrate 708 forming an imaged substrate 900 .
- voids appear on the trailing edge of large solid relief areas. These voids are due to entrapment of air bubbles between the plate and the substrate.
- a solution is to allow slightly deeper valleys in the pattern and slightly larger gaps between pixels in the interior of the relief. This allows ink and air to flow more freely.
- White ink is used on clear plastic material as the base for printing spot and process colors.
- the volume of white ink required to achieve a good level of opacity is much higher than the volume used for the color inks Consequently, the patterns used for color printing are too fine to work for the white inks Therefore, coarser patterns that scale with ink volume are required.
- the exposed data is analyzed to find areas which represent the interior of the relief 1104 and the edges areas 1108 . This allows different treatment to areas 1104 and areas 1108 with respect to patterning.
- FIG. 11 shows a printed scheme adapted to eliminate trailing edge voids by forming two surface patterns.
- the first pattern is optimized for the edges of the relief 1108 .
- the second is optimized for the interior of the relief 1104 and is adapted to the particular application.
- White ink requires larger valleys in the pattern as is illustrated by FIG. 12 .
- Larger interior pattern 1204 allows entrapped air to move more freely.
- the edge pattern 1208 preserves the dot shape while still allows the trapped air to squeeze through at the corners of the stretched checker board.
- FIG. 13 contains a block diagram that shows the steps of the patterning method.
- An image 1304 is provided and an edge detection step is executed on image 1304 .
- the results of the edge detection step are edge pixel mask 1308 and interior pixel mask 1312 .
- Fine pattern 1316 is applied on edge pixel mask 1308 to create a fine patterned edge.
- a coarse pattern 1320 is applied on interior pixel mask 1312 to create a coarse patterned interior pixels structure 1328 .
- the final step is to combine the fine patterned edge 1324 and the coarse patterned interior 1328 into a patterned image 1332 .
- Exposed relief pixels are selected to be part of the edge region or interior region based on the pixels proximity to an edge of the relief.
- the method used to achieve this partition is a 5 ⁇ 5 pixel window.
- the pixels in the window are examined. In the case that all the pixels in the window are exposed pixels then the center pixel is deemed to be an interior pixel. If the center pixel is an exposed pixel and at least one of the other pixels in the window is not an exposed pixel, then the center pixel is deemed to be an edge pixel.
- the result of this operation is to designate an interior pixel mask and an edge pixel mask. All other pixels in the image are deemed exterior pixels and are ignored.
- FIG. 14 illustrates how windowing is applied to a representative sample of pixels 1400 .
- a decision to designate a pixel as external is decided when the pixel window is placed in position 1404 relative to sample pixels 1400 . Similarly in positions 1408 and 1412 the decision is made to designate an edge pixel. An interior pixel is designated for position 1416 .
- a fine texture pattern is chosen for the edge pixels and the preferred pattern is a 5 ⁇ 10 micron stretched checkerboard.
- the fine pattern 1112 is repeated in both dimensions to span the width and height of the rendered image forming the fine pattern image, which is used at the edge areas 1108 .
- a coarser pattern 1116 is chosen for the interior pixels. Some examples are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 . The exact choice is based on the thickness of the ink being printed.
- the coarse pattern is repeated in both dimensions to span the width and height of the rendered image forming coarse pattern image.
- Exposed pixels in the rendered image are replaced by pixels from the fine pattern image and the coarse pattern image. For every pixel in the rendered image, if the corresponding pixel in the fine pattern mask is set then that pixel in the rendered image is replaced by the corresponding pixel in the fine pattern image. Similarly, for every pixel in the rendered image, if the corresponding pixel in the coarse pattern mask is set then that pixel in the rendered image is replaced by the corresponding pixel in the coarse pattern image.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Reference is made to commonly-assigned copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. K001865USO1NAB), filed herewith, entitled FLEXOGRAPHIC SURFACE PATTERNS, by Bielak; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein.
- The present invention relates to a method forming an image on a flexographic plate.
- In graphic arts technology, a number of well-established printing processes utilize image carriers with three-dimensional (3D) representation of data, the most popular of them being flexographic printing, which uses flexible relief plates or sleeves. The relief is composed of the raised features on the plate such as the features labeled 204, 208, and 212 in
FIG. 2 . It is the relief that accepts and transfers ink to the substrate. In a traditional flexographic prepress process with chemical etching there is no possibility of fine control of relief properties other than depth ofrelief 216. - Flexographic printing uses a flexible relief plate to print on a wide variety of substrates including paper, cardboard, plastic, and metal films. A simplified diagram of a flexographic printing press is shown in
FIG. 1 .Ink 10 in a fountain pan is taken up by arubber roller 12 and transferred to the surface of the Aniloxroller 14. The surface of the Anilox roller is composed of an array of indented cells that allow careful metering of the ink volume. Adoctor blade 16 removes any excess ink from the roller before the ink is transferred to theprinting plate cylinder 18. Mounted on the plate cylinder is aflexographic printing plate 20. The final step transfers the ink from the plate to thesubstrate 22 with theimpression cylinder 24 supplying support for the substrate. - The process used to produce an image on flexible relief plate usually comprises the following steps:
- Exposing the back of the plate to UV light;
- Exposing an intermediate film to the desired image;
- Laminating the film to the top of the plate;
- Exposing the plate though the film using UV light;
- Removing the film;
- Using a solvent to wash away the unexposed plate material;
- Applying additional exposure to harden the plate; and
- Drying the plate to remove as much of the solvent as possible.
- The back exposure is used to establish the floor of the plate. The intensity of the exposure decreases as the illumination penetrates the plate because of absorbers added to the plate material. Once the intensity drops below a threshold value, there is insufficient cross linking in the polymer comprising the plate and the remaining under-exposed polymer can be washed away. This is usually the top 0.5 mm of the plate. To form the relief, the front of the plate is exposed, through an image layer with enough intensity that sufficient cross linking occurs all the way down to the plate floor.
- For every opening in the image layer, a cone of UV light with an angle of about 40 degrees from a normal to the plane propagates through the plate forming cone shaped relief dots. A cross-section of a
plate 200 is shown inFIG. 2 . The following features are depicted in the cross-section 200: asolid area 204; anisolated dot 208; and anarray 212 of closely spaced dots created by a halftone screen. The height of the plate relief is shown bynumeral 216 and plate floor bynumeral 220. - Ink uniformity and density can be improved if a surface pattern or texture is applied to the flat tops of the relief as shown in the
FIG. 3 . The stretchedcheckerboard pattern 304 is composed of 5×10 micron rectangles and works well for process inks printed on a paper substrate. - Such a fine pattern has an additional advantage in that it allows the edges of printing features to be well defined. The pattern does have its limits. When printing on plastic substrates, voids can appear in large features due to air entrapment. The pattern also performs poorly if large volumes of ink need to be transferred to the substrate. To eliminate these problems, a coarser pattern is required. However, a coarser pattern will compromise edge definition.
- In flexographic printing, large solid areas of relief can suffer from a number of artifacts. The ink deposits unevenly, resulting in a reduction in color density and in a mottled appearance to the solid. Ink can be squeezed off the relief near edges resulting in low ink density just inside the edge and high density just outside the edge. Air bubbles trapped between the plate and substrate can cause voids to appear at the trailing edge of large features. Prior art exists to mitigate some these problems as described below.
- Early flexography printing relied on a flat, smooth surface for the relief.
FIG. 4 shows a section of halftone with a smooth relief. In large solid regions of image, the ink deposition was uneven resulting in a reduction in measured ink density. With high impression force, ink often squeezed out at relief edges reducing ink density just inside the edge with a ring of high density ink just outside the edge. - One method of improving the performance of the plate is to apply a very fine pattern 504, shown in
FIG. 5 , to the surface of the relief. This creates a texture that is smaller than the resolution of the flexographic printing method. The stretched checkerboard ofFIG. 5 is one such example. - The dimensions of the pixels shown in
FIG. 5 are 5.3 by 10.6 microns. The pixels that form on the plate are slightly smaller, creating small gaps between pixels at the corners. The edges of the pixels fall off at an angle of about 40 degrees to a valley floor, 3 to 4 microns below the relief surface. This shape allows ink to settle in the valleys and to migrate between valleys at the pixel corners. The result is a more even deposition of ink on the substrate. - Some imaging devices used to make flexographic plates do not have sufficient resolution to image very fine textures. For these devices, another method using coarser textures was developed. The problem with coarser textures is that the dot edge can be compromised. To avoid this, patterning is suppressed a set distance from the dot edge (the keep-away).
FIG. 10 shows one implementation of this method. Acoarser pattern 1004 is used in the interior of the relief and a 2 pixel keep-away 1008 is implemented at the edges. This keep-away 1008 conserves the shape of the dot. - The pattern shown in
FIG. 10 is a regularly spaced pattern but this is not a requirement of the method. Stochastic screening methods have been used to randomly locate voids in the relief areas without violating the keep-away rule. An example of the stochastic method can be seen in the lower left corner ofFIG. 3 identified as ‘Traditional Plate Cell Patterning’ 308. - To overcome the weakness of these methods, this invention combines a fine pattern at the edges of printing features with a coarser pattern in the interior of the features.
- Briefly, according to one aspect of the present invention a system for forming a flexographic plate includes a digital front end (DFE) for rendering a halftone image; wherein the DFE identifies pixels in the halftone image as being part of an edge region or interior region based on the pixels proximity to an edge image features; wherein the DFE applies a fine pattern to each of the edge regions; wherein the DFE applies a coarse pattern to each of the interior regions; an interface for transmitting the patterned image to an imaging device; and wherein the imaging device images the flexographic plate with the patterned image.
-
FIG. 1 shows simplified diagram of a flexographic printing press (prior art); -
FIG. 2 imaged plate cross section(prior art); -
FIG. 3 shows texture applied to the flat tops of the printing relief (prior art); -
FIG. 4 shows a section of halftone with a smooth relief (prior art); -
FIG. 5 shows a very fine pattern applied to the surface of the relief; -
FIG. 6 represents in diagrammatic form of a digital front end driving an imaging device (prior art); -
FIG. 7 represents in diagrammatic form the laser imaging head situated on the imaging carriage imaging on a plate mounted on an imaging cylinder (prior art); -
FIG. 8 shows a halftone rendered image (prior art); -
FIG. 9 shows a rendered image on flexographic plate (prior art); -
FIG. 10 shows a regularly spaced pattern; -
FIG. 11 shows a printed scheme adapted to eliminate trailing edge voids by forming of two surface patterns; -
FIG. 12 shows larger valleys in the pattern adapted for white ink; -
FIG. 13 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of the patterning method; and -
FIG. 14 showing decisions on edge, interior and external pixels according to pixel window on a pixel sample. - In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the teachings of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the teachings of the present disclosure.
- While the present invention is described in connection with one of the embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to this embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as covered by the appended claims.
-
FIG. 6 shows animaging device 608. The imaging device is driven by a digital front end (DFE) 604. The DFE receives printing jobs in a digital form from desktop publishing (DTP) systems (not shown), and renders the digital information for imaging. The rendered information and imaging device control data are communicated betweenDFE 604 andimaging device 608 overinterface line 612. -
FIG. 7 shows animaging system 700. Theimaging system 700 includes animaging carriage 732, on which animaging head 720 is mounted, and theimaging head 720 is controlled bycontroller 728. Theimaging head 720 is configured to image on asubstrate 708. The substrate can be a film attached as a mask to a flexographic plate, or alternatively a flexographic plate that will be directly imaged byimaging system 700. Thesubstrate 708 is mounted on arotating cylinder 704 for exposure. Thecarriage 732 is adapted to move substantially in parallel tocylinder 704 guided by anadvancement screw 716. Thesubstrate 708 is imaged byimaging head 720 to form imageddata 712 onsubstrate 708. -
FIG. 8 shows a halftone renderedimage 800. The renderedimage 800 was prepared byDFE 604, to be further imaged onsubstrate 708.FIG. 9 shows renderedimage 800 imaged byimaging head 720 onsubstrate 708 forming an imagedsubstrate 900. - When printing on certain plastic substrates, such as Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE), voids appear on the trailing edge of large solid relief areas. These voids are due to entrapment of air bubbles between the plate and the substrate. A solution is to allow slightly deeper valleys in the pattern and slightly larger gaps between pixels in the interior of the relief. This allows ink and air to flow more freely.
- White ink is used on clear plastic material as the base for printing spot and process colors. The volume of white ink required to achieve a good level of opacity is much higher than the volume used for the color inks Consequently, the patterns used for color printing are too fine to work for the white inks Therefore, coarser patterns that scale with ink volume are required. The exposed data is analyzed to find areas which represent the interior of the
relief 1104 and theedges areas 1108. This allows different treatment toareas 1104 andareas 1108 with respect to patterning. -
FIG. 11 shows a printed scheme adapted to eliminate trailing edge voids by forming two surface patterns. The first pattern is optimized for the edges of therelief 1108. The second is optimized for the interior of therelief 1104 and is adapted to the particular application. - White ink requires larger valleys in the pattern as is illustrated by
FIG. 12 . Largerinterior pattern 1204 allows entrapped air to move more freely. Theedge pattern 1208 preserves the dot shape while still allows the trapped air to squeeze through at the corners of the stretched checker board. -
FIG. 13 contains a block diagram that shows the steps of the patterning method. Animage 1304 is provided and an edge detection step is executed onimage 1304. The results of the edge detection step areedge pixel mask 1308 andinterior pixel mask 1312.Fine pattern 1316 is applied onedge pixel mask 1308 to create a fine patterned edge. Acoarse pattern 1320 is applied oninterior pixel mask 1312 to create a coarse patternedinterior pixels structure 1328. The final step is to combine the fine patternededge 1324 and the coarse patterned interior 1328 into apatterned image 1332. - Exposed relief pixels are selected to be part of the edge region or interior region based on the pixels proximity to an edge of the relief. In the preferred embodiment, the method used to achieve this partition is a 5×5 pixel window. The pixels in the window are examined. In the case that all the pixels in the window are exposed pixels then the center pixel is deemed to be an interior pixel. If the center pixel is an exposed pixel and at least one of the other pixels in the window is not an exposed pixel, then the center pixel is deemed to be an edge pixel. The result of this operation is to designate an interior pixel mask and an edge pixel mask. All other pixels in the image are deemed exterior pixels and are ignored.
FIG. 14 illustrates how windowing is applied to a representative sample ofpixels 1400. A decision to designate a pixel as external is decided when the pixel window is placed inposition 1404 relative to samplepixels 1400. Similarly inpositions position 1416. - A fine texture pattern is chosen for the edge pixels and the preferred pattern is a 5×10 micron stretched checkerboard. The
fine pattern 1112 is repeated in both dimensions to span the width and height of the rendered image forming the fine pattern image, which is used at theedge areas 1108. Acoarser pattern 1116 is chosen for the interior pixels. Some examples are shown inFIGS. 11 and 12 . The exact choice is based on the thickness of the ink being printed. The coarse pattern is repeated in both dimensions to span the width and height of the rendered image forming coarse pattern image. - Exposed pixels in the rendered image are replaced by pixels from the fine pattern image and the coarse pattern image. For every pixel in the rendered image, if the corresponding pixel in the fine pattern mask is set then that pixel in the rendered image is replaced by the corresponding pixel in the fine pattern image. Similarly, for every pixel in the rendered image, if the corresponding pixel in the coarse pattern mask is set then that pixel in the rendered image is replaced by the corresponding pixel in the coarse pattern image.
- While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as exemplifications of some of the preferred embodiments. Other possible variations, modifications, and applications are also within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should not be limited by what has thus far been described, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents. The principles of the present invention may similarly be applied to other types of electrical storage cells, such as energy-storage capacitors.
- The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the scope of the invention.
-
- 10 ink
- 12 rubber roller
- 14 Anilox roller
- 16 doctor blade
- 18 printing plate cylinder
- 20 flexographic printing plate
- 22 substrate
- 24 impression cylinder
- 200 cross-section of plate
- 204 solid area
- 208 isolated dot
- 212 array of closely spaced dots created by a halftone screen
- 216 plate relief
- 220 plate floor
- 304 stretched checkerboard pattern
- 308 stochastic patterning
- 504 fine pattern
- 604 digital front end (DFE)
- 608 imaging device
- 612 interface line
- 700 imaging system
- 704 rotating cylinder
- 708 substrate
- 712 imaged data on substrate
- 716 screw
- 720 imaging head
- 728 controller
- 732 carriage
- 800 rendered halftone image to be imaged on substrate
- 900 rendered image imaged on substrate
- 1004 coarse pattern
- 1008 2 pixel keep-away
- 1104 pattern for the relief interior
- 1108 pattern for the relief edges
- 1112 fine pattern
- 1116 course pattern
- 1204 white color interior pattern
- 1208 white color edge pattern
- 1304 image
- 1308 edge pixels
- 1312 interior pixels
- 1316 fine pattern
- 1320 coarse pattern
- 1324 fine pattern applied to edge pixels
- 1328 coarse pattern applied to interior pixels
- 1332 patterned image
- 1400 pixels sample
- 1404 external pixel decision
- 1408 edge pixel decision
- 1412 edge pixel decision
- 1416 interior pixel decision
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/509,241 US9235126B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | Flexographic surface patterns |
US14/509,253 US9375910B2 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | Forming a flexographic plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/509,241 US9235126B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | Flexographic surface patterns |
US14/509,253 US9375910B2 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | Forming a flexographic plate |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20160101614A1 true US20160101614A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
US9375910B2 US9375910B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
Family
ID=55026438
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/509,253 Active US9375910B2 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | Forming a flexographic plate |
US14/509,241 Active US9235126B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | Flexographic surface patterns |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/509,241 Active US9235126B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | Flexographic surface patterns |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9375910B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022117555A1 (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-09 | Esko-Graphics Imaging Gmbh | System and method for mitigating trailing edge voids in flexo printing |
WO2023217770A1 (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-11-16 | Xsys Prepress Nv | Method, control module and system for imaging a mask layer |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11299332B2 (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2022-04-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Packages with raised portions |
US11261003B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2022-03-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Package with raised portions |
US11299325B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2022-04-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Packages with raised portions |
GB201604532D0 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-05-04 | Reproflex3 Ltd | Improvements in printing plate surface patterning |
US10150319B1 (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-11 | Eastman Kodak Company | Mitigating trailing edge voids in flexographic printing |
US10334739B1 (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Printing an electrical device using flexographic plate with protective features |
JP2021525661A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2021-09-27 | デュポン エレクトロニクス インコーポレイテッド | Flexographic printing plate with microcell pattern on the surface |
US12007690B2 (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2024-06-11 | Eastman Kodak Company | Flexographic printing with repeating tile of randomnly-positioned feature shapes |
NL2031133B1 (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-11 | Xsys Prepress N V | Method for imaging a mask layer with two imaging settings and associated imaging system |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3675629B2 (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 2005-07-27 | 株式会社リコー | Pattern recognition method, apparatus and recording medium |
JP4557843B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2010-10-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing apparatus and method |
US8399177B2 (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2013-03-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Enhanced relief printing plate |
US8284455B2 (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2012-10-09 | Xerox Corporation | Visual uniformity adjustment procedure using areas of different screen geometries and frequencies |
US8638475B2 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2014-01-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Recreating step and repeat geometrical data |
-
2014
- 2014-10-08 US US14/509,253 patent/US9375910B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-08 US US14/509,241 patent/US9235126B1/en active Active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022117555A1 (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-09 | Esko-Graphics Imaging Gmbh | System and method for mitigating trailing edge voids in flexo printing |
WO2023217770A1 (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-11-16 | Xsys Prepress Nv | Method, control module and system for imaging a mask layer |
NL2031806B1 (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-11-16 | Xsys Prepress N V | Method, control module and system for imaging a mask layer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9235126B1 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
US9375910B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9375910B2 (en) | Forming a flexographic plate | |
EP3634759B1 (en) | Mitigating trailing edge voids in flexographic printing | |
EP3981139B1 (en) | A method of digital halftoning | |
US9067402B1 (en) | Forming an image on a flexographic media | |
US10319082B2 (en) | System and method for detection and removal of thin lines in a graphic image | |
CN112534801A (en) | Digital halftone processing with clustered microdots | |
US20100224091A1 (en) | Trailing edge pattern for relief plate feature | |
US11825056B2 (en) | System and method for obtaining a uniform ink layer | |
EP3429863B1 (en) | Improvements in printing plate cell patterning | |
US20220176688A1 (en) | Method and system for applying a pattern on a mask layer | |
JP2021525661A (en) | Flexographic printing plate with microcell pattern on the surface | |
US20220230031A1 (en) | Raster image processor | |
US11446923B2 (en) | Systems and methods for improved flexographic printing with reduced mottling and increased highlight stability | |
JPH1191229A (en) | Method for forming pattern | |
US20240017541A1 (en) | System and method for mitigating trailing edge voids in flexo printing | |
JP6091544B2 (en) | Data generation program for printing plate manufacturing | |
EP3408735A1 (en) | Printing background print agents | |
JP2020185753A (en) | Manufacturing method of printed matter | |
EP3125043A1 (en) | Flexographic printing plates and methods | |
JPH1119557A (en) | Tone reproduction type coating system, coating method using the system and material to be coated |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BIELAK, RICHARD R.;REEL/FRAME:033910/0196 Effective date: 20141007 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BARCLAYS BANK PLC, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, NEW YO Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT LTD.;FPC INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:034179/0554 Effective date: 20141103 Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT LTD.;FPC INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:034179/0733 Effective date: 20141103 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA N.A., AS AGENT, MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT LTD.;FPC INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:034215/0071 Effective date: 20141103 Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS AGENT, MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT LTD.;FPC INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:034183/0278 Effective date: 20141103 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MIRACLON CORPORATION, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:048857/0633 Effective date: 20190403 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA N.A., AS AGENT;REEL/FRAME:049056/0377 Effective date: 20190408 Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A.;REEL/FRAME:049056/0265 Effective date: 20190408 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: QUALEX INC., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT LTD., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: LASER PACIFIC MEDIA CORPORATION, NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: KODAK AMERICAS LTD., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: FPC INC., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: KODAK REALTY INC., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: NPEC INC., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: KODAK PHILIPPINES LTD., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 Owner name: KODAK (NEAR EAST) INC., NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BANK PLC;REEL/FRAME:052773/0001 Effective date: 20170202 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 8 |