US20160022570A1 - Medical implant - Google Patents

Medical implant Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160022570A1
US20160022570A1 US14/585,531 US201414585531A US2016022570A1 US 20160022570 A1 US20160022570 A1 US 20160022570A1 US 201414585531 A US201414585531 A US 201414585531A US 2016022570 A1 US2016022570 A1 US 2016022570A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
drug
matrix
medical device
materials
biodegradable
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US14/585,531
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English (en)
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Robert W. Adams
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US14/585,531 priority Critical patent/US20160022570A1/en
Priority to ES15825407T priority patent/ES2865271T3/es
Priority to PCT/US2015/040458 priority patent/WO2016014297A1/fr
Priority to EP15825407.8A priority patent/EP3171840B1/fr
Priority to CN201580051919.6A priority patent/CN106999303B/zh
Priority to CA2956089A priority patent/CA2956089C/fr
Priority to US14/808,806 priority patent/US20160022819A1/en
Publication of US20160022570A1 publication Critical patent/US20160022570A1/en
Priority to US15/682,386 priority patent/US10806696B2/en
Priority to US16/459,577 priority patent/US10993906B2/en
Priority to US17/217,347 priority patent/US11857671B2/en
Priority to US18/400,077 priority patent/US20240130963A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4468—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine having a nitrogen directly attached in position 4, e.g. clebopride, fentanyl
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca

Definitions

  • This non-provisional application is directed to (i) an improved subcutaneous medical implant for mammals, (ii) improved methods of subcutaneous medical implant drug delivery and (iii) methods for making the improved subcutaneous medical implant device. More specifically, this application is directed to a problem in existing drug implants where there is an initial drug “burst” that is higher than the desired drug delivery level. Although some flexibility in drug delivery levels is inherent with virtually all implants, a significant problem exists. This “initial burst” problem also may deleteriously impact the time period of drug delivery. Thus, it is a goal of this invention to provide an implant that improves the sustained release of one or more drugs over time in a controlled manner.
  • clotting e.g., when implanting the device and/or during drug release.
  • problems may be created in terms of the initial delivery of the desired drug materials to the patient.
  • subsequent clotting may impair later drug delivery.
  • clotting may lead to tissue adhesion so as to create potential implant removal issues.
  • the improved implant involves the use of non-randomly located biodegradable materials as a part of the drug-containing matrix (or core) to eliminate and/or to lessen an undesired drug “burst.”
  • These non-randomly located biodegradable materials also are intended to assist in the “flattening” out and/or the extension of drug delivery over a period of 3, 7, 14, 30 or more days.
  • biodegradable materials and/or barriers by selecting the location of these biodegradable materials and/or barriers, it is possible to intentionally create mini-chambers of drug materials that are designed to regulate the delivery of the drug materials to the patient.
  • the ability to create non-randomly located barriers is enhanced by the use of 3-D printing processes.
  • these biodegradable materials can regulate the delivery rate of a drug material during the term of the implant in order to adjust the drug delivery levels to the needs of the patient. They also can regulate the delivery of more than one drug material to the patient.
  • the invention provides, inter alia, a very flexible way to create the appropriate (i) matrix channel size, (ii) drug material(s) amount in the matrix and (iii) drug delivery rate through the selection of non-randomly located biodegradable barriers.
  • this may be accomplished (for example) by creating multiple mini-chambers of drug materials via the use of non-randomly located biodegradable materials as barriers within the channels of the matrix.
  • the use of channels to deliver drug materials is employed in existing implants.
  • the concept of non-randomly located mini-chambers within the channels that are created by non-random biodegradable barriers is believed to be novel.
  • the improved implants serially “unlock” individual non-random mini-chambers as the biodegradable materials are absorbed into the body.
  • the mini-chambers create a “time release” mechanism for the drug materials that may be designed to meet the particular needs of specific patients.
  • the improved implant may employ the use/release of anticoagulant materials to avoid or lessen clotting problems.
  • the placement of the anticoagulant materials (i) on and/or in the coating, (ii) within the matrix and/or (iii) on or in the implant opening(s) provides a novel structure for addressing clotting problems.
  • a clotting problem may be especially harmful in, near to or within the opening area of the implant.
  • an improved implant may be achieved by the use of novel impermeable materials in the coating(s) and/or as a part of the matrix.
  • novel materials which are described below
  • These novel materials are intended, inter alia, to provide a stronger and/or more abuse-resistant coating and to better ensure proper drug release patterns.
  • the prior art discloses the uses of implants for mammals having (a) a coating, (b) a matrix (containing drug material and, sometimes, other materials) and (c) one or more openings in the matrix and/or coating through which the drug materials reach the body.
  • the prior art also teaches that tiny channels exist in the matrix/core wherein the drug materials are held prior to implanting.
  • the prior art teaches that the drug material may be “mixed” with matrix materials to create those channels. After being implanting, the channels in the prior art matrix (or the mixture of drug and biodegradable materials when dissolving) result in the release of the drug materials to the mammalian patient.
  • capillary action One suspected cause of the drug “burst” phenomena is capillary action.
  • capillary action in an implant device is strongest when the initial/early drug delivery takes place.
  • this application contemplates the use of, inter alia, non-randomly located biodegradable walls and/or mini-chambers within the matrix channels to regulate and/or inhibit the capillary activity during the initial drug delivery and during subsequent drug delivery.
  • capillary action may have another adverse affect on drug delivery. More specifically, as drug is delivered to the patient from the implant, it is typical for drug delivery to slow down or lessen. Thus, at least some percentage of the drug typically is never delivered to the patient but, instead, remains locked within the implant.
  • capillary action also is suspected to be related to capillary action.
  • capillary action likely decreases as the non-biodegradable matrix channels are emptied and the length of the empty channels become longer.
  • biodegradable materials in the matrix.
  • the fastest to degrade will typically be the matrix barriers.
  • one or more slower biodegradable matrix materials may be employed to enhance the capillary action as the drug is emptied from the matrix.
  • the barriers and the other matrix materials may be the same or very similar rapidly biodegradable materials.
  • the matrix also may be formed at least in part of non-biodegradable materials wherein the channels contain drug materials and non-randomly located biodegradable barrier materials.
  • the channels contain drug materials and non-randomly located biodegradable barrier materials.
  • one may create a single biodegradable barrier along the entire length of the channel wherein the barrier and drug materials are mixed together. Controlled release in that situation may be adjusted by, for example, (a) the selection of the biodegradable materials and/or (b) the % of drug materials in that mixture. In that situation, these adjustments may create separate non-randomly located barriers. However, separate mini-chambers need not always be created by barriers.
  • this invention also contemplates the delivery of non-narcotic drugs (such as contraceptives or other non-narcotic drugs that require a relatively lengthy period of delivery—e.g., 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 30 days or longer).
  • non-narcotic drugs such as contraceptives or other non-narcotic drugs that require a relatively lengthy period of delivery—e.g., 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 30 days or longer.
  • the improved implant creates non-randomly located biodegradable structures (barriers and/or mini-chambers) within these channels to regulate the flow of the drug materials.
  • the use of these biodegradable structures in the channels can serve a number of purposes—e.g., (a) to partially eliminate and/or to lessen the initial undesired drug “burst”; (b) to assist in the “flattening” out and/or the extension of drug delivery over a period of 3, 7, 14, 30 or more days; and (c) to otherwise regulate the level of drug delivery (either up or down) during the useful life of the implant.
  • the present application also contemplates (but does not require) the use of an impermeable coating over the drug-containing matrix.
  • This coating is intended to limit the drug delivery to mammals via one or more openings in the coating material.
  • the impermeable coating is important to provide protection against drug abuse or misuse—especially, where the drug materials are narcotics or semi-narcotics.
  • the Axxia patents and applications (identified above in the prior art section) set forth various impermeable coating and matrix materials. However, other materials not taught in the prior art may achieve and/or exceed the strength and other benefits of these prior art materials. These novel materials may be used alone or, it is believed preferably, in combination with prior art materials.
  • the novel materials include coating and/or matrix mixtures containing, among other things, (i) carbon fiber materials and/or carbon fiber composite materials, (ii) relatively small amounts of metals, (iii) graphene, (iv) ceramic and/or carbon-ceramic materials and/or (v) mixtures of some or all of (i) to (iv). Although many metals may be employed, titanium is one of the preferred metals due to its strength.
  • anticoagulant materials can be, inter alia, (a) associated with the outside surface of the implant such as topical application on the exterior of the coating and/or in capillaries created in the exterior layers of the coating, (b) on the surfaces of the opening(s) and/or on the surfaces of the opening sidewall within the implant, (c) included as a part of one or more matrix barriers/materials and/or (d) incorporated as a part of the drug materials.
  • anticoagulant materials include, inter alia, antithrombics and thrombolytics.
  • antithrombics and thrombolytics.
  • the particular choice of an anticoagulant material may depend upon factors such as the general type of mammalian patient, the particular implant patient, the drug material being delivered, et cetera. It is anticipated that in the usual situation only relatively very low levels of anticoagulant material will be necessary or desirable.
  • the present invention is not intended to be limited to the delivery of just one drug.
  • this application also contemplates situations where the delivery of more than one drug is done simultaneously and/or serially.
  • multiple drugs can be delivered together via one opening (simultaneously or serially) or via more than one opening (separately, simultaneously or serially).
  • the matrix may be loaded like a “multi-decker” device.
  • the matrix may be made of a combination of (a) at least one non-biodegradable material and/or at least one biodegradable material and (b) at least one drug material.
  • the matrix may be made without any non-biodegradable materials from (a) two or more biodegradable materials (i) with at least one used for the matrix barrier(s) and (ii) with at least one used for the matrix non-barrier(s), and (b) at least one drug material.
  • the non-barrier biodegradable material normally will be designed to dissolve/degrade at about the same or a slightly slower rate than the barrier biodegradable material.
  • more than two biodegradable materials are used in the matrix, then different rates of dissolution/degradation may be used to create or adjust the desired drug delivery levels.
  • a biodegradable material is used as the coating, then it is preferable (but not always required) that it should degrade at a significantly lower rate than any biodegradable material in the matrix.
  • non-biodegradable matix materials and prior art impermeable coating materials include, inter alia, EVA, TPU, silicone and other materials well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • novel impermeable materials i.e., non-biodegradable materials for the coating and/or matrix are taught above in this specification.
  • novel materials or the prior art materials also can be used, inter alia, to create one or more nanotubes or nanostructures within the matrix for the delivery of one or more drugs.
  • the nanotubes/nanostructures also can be used in the coating to deliver, for example, anticoagulant or other drug materials.
  • carbon fiber alone or with a metal
  • ceramic materials and/or graphene are preferred nanotube/nanostructure materials.
  • 3-D printing is a preferred technique, other methods may be used to create the nanotubes and/or nanostructures.
  • Examples of drug materials include both non-narcotic as well as narcotic drugs.
  • type of drugs that may be used in the improved implant so long as, in general, they are (i) capable of being used in mammalian implant devices and (ii) capable of delivery from such an implant for a period of 3 or more days. Due to implant size constraints, it is likely that the maximum term for drug delivery from an implant for humans is 60-90 days. However, larger mammals may be able to accept a larger implant device having a longer period of drug delivery. Conversely, smaller animals will typically accept a smaller implant with a shorter period of drug delivery.
  • narcotic drug materials include, inter alia, opiates, opioids, morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, probuphine and fentanyl. See, also, U.S. Pat. No. 8,114,383 for a partial listing of narcotic drugs.
  • this application also contemplates the manufacture of the improved implant via processes other than a 3-D printing process and also processes combined with a 3-D printing process—e.g., extrusion to create the matrix or the coating; and shrink wrap to create a coating.
  • the drug materials and the biodegradable materials may be blended/mixed together (i) in differing proportions in different areas of the matrix (for example, via extrusion) or (ii) in non-randomly located biodegradable barrier portions containing no drug materials also may be created (for example, via extrusion) during manufacture.
  • 3-D printing processes As described in applicant's Ser. No. 13/796,875 (now Publication No. US 2014/0099351), there are numerous distinct advantages with 3-D printing processes in view of the more precise placement and distribution of material and structures in implants. In that regard, 3-D printing processes are preferred to create the non-randomly located biodegradable barriers and to effectively use anticoagulant materials with an implant.
  • the ability to create (in terms of the present invention) the non-randomly located biodegradable barriers in the matrix, the mini-chambers in the matrix channels and/or anticoagulant usage exists with respect to non-3-D printing processes for at least some portions of the improved implant—e.g., extrusion of a layer, then the removal of a portion of the layer, and then the inkjet deposition of a liquid material into the area where material was removed.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary prior art product.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the product in FIG. 1 along line 2 - 2 .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of applicant's first embodiment with a close-up view via circle 18 .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of applicant's second embodiment with a close-up view via circle 18 .
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of applicant's third embodiment with a close-up view via circle 18 .
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of applicant's fourth embodiment with a close-up view via circle 18 .
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of applicant's fifth embodiment with a close-up view via circle 18 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a very basic structure of a prior art subcutaneous medical implant device.
  • Implant disc 2 consists of a top 4 , a bottom 6 and an outside wall 8 . It also has an opening 10 that is used for drug delivery. The size of opening 10 and the number of openings may vary.
  • Line 2 - 2 will be used in the remaining Figures to illustrate various internal structures of the prior art implants and of the improved implants disclosed in this application. However, please understand that these Figures are not intended to cover all of applicant's improved implant structures.
  • the Figures are not representative of the number of layers of materials in an implant.
  • the matrix materials are shown in regular shapes, they need not have such a regular shape—e.g., the channel may have a curved or irregular shape, and it have different heights/widths (such as lower/narrower near the opening and expanded/broader thereafter, or vice versa).
  • the preferred 3-D printing process is believed to provide, inter alia, the capability and flexibility to design different matrix channel shapes, sizes, designs, et cetera. If non-3-D printing processes (such as extrusion) are used to make the matrix, the channels and barriers are likely to be more arbitrarily configured. Nevertheless, non-3-D processes (such as hot-melt casting, extrusion and shrink wrap) may be used in the formation of some (or all) of the improved implant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a generally cylindrical implant device.
  • the shape of the implant in this embodiment may be modified to whatever shape is desirable.
  • a particular exterior shape of the implant is not critical to the improved implant of this application.
  • FIG. 2 shows the very basic structure of the prior art implant along line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 . More specifically, an impermeable coating 12 generally surrounds matrix 14 . In that regard, the coating must be impermeable in terms of (a) prohibiting the flow of drug materials and (b) having a relatively high breaking strength.
  • Opening 10 extends all of the way through implant 2 . As a result, edges of the coating and matrix create sidewalls 16 to the opening.
  • opening in this and all other embodiments is shown to extend entirely through the implant, this is not always necessary. Moreover, it should be understood that there may be one or more openings that extend fully or only partially through the implant.
  • Circle 18 in FIG. 2 will be used in illustrate the applicant's embodiments disclosed below in FIGS. 3 to 7 .
  • Circle 18 is intended to create a somewhat microscopic view of a portion of the improved implant so as to help explain some of the structures, functions and purposes of the subject matter of this application.
  • the matrix is surrounded by an impervious coating.
  • the matrix is comprised of, inter alia, at least one (1) non-randomly located biodegradable barrier material, (2) non-biodegradable material and (2) drug material.
  • the matrix and coating have at least one opening for drug delivery.
  • the matrix should have one or, preferably, more channels for drug delivery.
  • the drug material may or may not be mixed with the barrier material. Further design options are discussed below.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates some of the novel aspects of this application.
  • Circle 18 of this Figure shows a representative close-up view of one section of the implant device 2 for the first embodiment.
  • the size, shape, location and structure of the channel(s) in the matrix may be configured in many different ways to ensure the desired drug delivery mechanism.
  • the present invention is intended to provide great flexibility in drug delivery, especially when 3-D printing processes are used to make some or all of the matrix layers.
  • the implant 2 (partially shown) in FIG. 3 has an opening 10 (partially shown), an opening sidewall 16 (partially shown), an impervious coating 12 (partially shown) and a matrix 14 (partially shown).
  • matrix 14 contains several elements.
  • the matrix 14 in this embodiment includes a non-biodegradable matrix portion 19 having channels 20 containing at least two different materials.
  • the different materials in the channels of this embodiment are drug material 22 and biodegradable barrier 24 .
  • the biodegradable barrier material 24 for this embodiment may be the same as or different from other biodegradable materials in the matrix. Furthermore, it is expressly contemplated that the barriers may be made of different biodegradable materials and may be of different thicknesses or other dimensions. Thus, for example, different biodegradable materials and thicknesses may be utilized to provide enhanced drug release timing options.
  • barriers 24 can be placed in various locations within the drug containing channels 20 .
  • one or more biodegradable barriers 24 can be created at or near opening sidewall 16 to moderate the initial drug burst phenomena. Barriers 24 also may be placed in other locations in channel 20 to create mini-chambers for drug materials. As explained above, these biodegradable barriers are structures used to regulate the time and amount of drug release.
  • the barriers be staggered in the various channels so that the initial burst of a mini-chamber in one channel is somewhat or largely cancelled out by the drug delivery from the mini-chambers of other channels. This staggering approach may be used from the beginning to the end of the drug delivery.
  • the non-randomly located biodegradable barriers may be created at the end of every channel at the opening sidewall. This will avoid any premature release of drug material prior to implanting.
  • the drug delivery may be regulated by the use of different thicknesses of the barriers.
  • the barriers may be made of different biodegradable materials so that drug delivery may be regulated in that way as well.
  • Another approach is regulate drug delivery is to incorporate some drug material into the barriers (especially in barriers located at the opening sidewalls).
  • drug material 22 may be one or more different types of drugs.
  • one or more types of drug material may be used in a first group of mini-channels and other types of drug material may be used in later mini-chambers or in different channels.
  • the %'s of drug materials may be varied in particular mini-chambers/channels. The ability to flexibly employ various drugs and various drug levels in different mini-chambers/channels is believed to be enhanced by 3-D printing processes.
  • the matrix is surrounded by an impervious coating and the matrix is comprised of, inter alia, at least one (1) non-randomly located biodegradable barrier material, (2) coating material used as a non-biodegradable material and (3) drug material.
  • the matrix and coating have at least one opening for drug delivery.
  • the drug material may or may not be mixed with the barrier material. Further design options are discussed elsewhere in this application.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates some of the other novel aspects of this application.
  • Circle 18 of this Figure shows a representative close-up view of one section of the implant device 2 for the second embodiment.
  • the implant 2 (partially shown) has an opening 110 (partially shown), an opening sidewall 116 (partially shown), an impervious coating 112 (partially shown) and a matrix 114 (partially shown).
  • matrix 114 contains several elements.
  • the matrix 114 in this embodiment includes a non-biodegradable matrix portion 112 ′ made from the same impervious materials as coating 112 .
  • the non-biodegradable matrix material 112 ′ has channels 120 containing different materials.
  • the different materials in this embodiment are drug material 122 and non-randomly located biodegradable barriers 124 .
  • barriers 124 can be placed in various locations within the drug containing channels 120 .
  • one or more biodegradable barriers 124 can be created at or near opening sidewall 116 to moderate the initial drug burst phenomena.
  • Barriers 124 also may be placed in other locations in channel 120 to create mini-chambers for drug materials.
  • drug material 122 may be one or more different types of drugs.
  • the use of only biodegradable materials in the matrix may be beneficial in the delivery of the drug material because it may lessen the % of drug materials that are remain in the implant device when (a) the drug delivery is substantially completed and/or (b) the implant is removed.
  • the capillary action effect in terms of drug delivery may decrease as the distance from the opening(s) increase. This may inhibit the delivery of all drug materials in the implant to the patient.
  • the matrix surrounded by an impervious coating and the matrix is comprised of, inter alia, of (1) at least two different biodegradable materials and (2) at least one drug material.
  • the two biodegradable materials typically have different rates of biodegradability so as to regulate/control drug delivery.
  • the matrix and coating have at least one opening for drug delivery.
  • a drug material may or may not be mixed with the barrier material. Further design options are discussed elsewhere in this application.
  • one option is for one or more drug materials to be mixed with a biodegradable material in a matrix barrier and/or in the biodegradable material of the matrix.
  • barrier from different and/or multiple biodegradable materials.
  • drug delivery may be regulated by non-randomly located biodegradable materials.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates some of the other novel aspects of this application.
  • Circle 18 of this Figure shows a representative close-up view of one section of the implant device 2 for the third embodiment.
  • the implant 2 (partially shown) has an opening 210 (partially shown), an opening sidewall 216 (partially shown), an impervious coating 212 (partially shown) and a matrix 214 (partially shown).
  • matrix 214 contains several elements.
  • the matrix in this embodiment includes at least two different biodegradable materials 218 and 224 .
  • the matrix also has channels 220 containing different materials.
  • the different materials in this embodiment are drug material 222 and biodegradable barrier 224 .
  • non-randomly located barriers 224 may be placed in various locations within the drug containing channels 220 .
  • one or more biodegradable barriers 224 can be created at or near opening sidewall 216 to moderate the initial drug burst phenomena.
  • Barriers 224 also may be placed in other locations in channel 220 to create mini-chambers for drug materials.
  • drug material 222 may be one or more different types of drugs.
  • the matrix does not have an impervious coating. Instead, the coating also is biodegradable.
  • the matrix is comprised of, inter alia, of (1) at least two different biodegradable materials and (2) at least one drug material.
  • the two biodegradable materials in the matrix have different rates of biodegradability so as to regulate/control drug delivery.
  • the coating is biodegradable
  • the coating preferably should have a much lower/slower rate of biodegradability than the biodegradable materials in the matrix so that the drug delivery is maintained only through the one or more original openings in the coating.
  • the drug material may or may not be mixed with the barrier material.
  • the matrix and coating have at least one opening for drug delivery.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates some of the other novel aspects of this application.
  • Circle 18 of this Figure shows a representative close-up view of one section of the implant device 2 for the fourth embodiment.
  • the implant 2 (partially shown) has an opening 310 (partially shown), an opening sidewall 316 (partially shown), a biodegradable or semi-biodegradable coating 312 (partially shown) and a matrix 314 (partially shown).
  • matrix 214 contains several elements.
  • the matrix 314 in this embodiment includes a biodegradable matrix portion 318 that has channels 320 containing different materials.
  • the different materials in this embodiment are drug material 322 and biodegradable barrier 324 .
  • barriers 324 can be placed in various locations within the drug containing channels 320 .
  • one or more biodegradable barriers 324 can be created at or near opening sidewall 316 to moderate the initial drug burst phenomena.
  • Barriers 324 also may be placed in other locations in channel 320 to create mini-chambers for drug materials.
  • drug material 322 may be one or more different types of drugs.
  • the previous four embodiments are modified so as to also incorporate the use of anticoagulant materials to avoid and/or limit blood clotting when the device is implanted.
  • the anticoagulant materials may be applied to various parts of the implant.
  • the anticoagulant material may be, inter alia, (i) applied to various areas of the coating such as on top of the coating or as a part of the exterior of the coating, (ii) applied to one or more surfaces of the opening(s) and/or (iii) mixed with the matrix materials.
  • anticoagulant material is applied topically to various locations (such as locations 428 ) on coating 412 .
  • anticoagulant material can be topically applied to surfaces (such as opening sidewall surface 416 ) of opening 410 .
  • the anticoagulant material may be mixed with drug material 422 , matrix material 418 and/or barriers 324 within matrix 414 .
  • anticoagulant material may be incorporated within a portion of the coating.
  • the anticoagulant material may incorporated into or on top of the coating by 3-D printing methods (via, for example, very small channels opening on the surface of the coating) or by non-3-D printing methods (via, for example, a separate biodegradeable material located on the outside surface of the coating).
  • the matrix is formed as a mixture of materials—i.e., without defined channels.
  • this matrix structure also may be obtained by a non-3-D printing process.
  • the materials e.g., the composition and % mixtures
  • the materials will vary throughout the matrix in order to reduce the “initial burst,” to maintain a more level of drug delivery (or, alternatively, to adjust the rate of drug so that at certain desired times drug material is delivered in a higher or lower %) and/or to provide anticoagulant material.
  • this is another way in which the use of different matrix material compositions may be formed (e.g., by extrusion, partial material removal and subsequent liquid deposition) so as to create so-called non-randomly located biodegradable materials/barriers having different compositions which are intended to regulate the delivery of drug materials.
  • a coating material(s) may be subsequently applied to the matrix (via, e.g., shrink wrap) and, thereafter, one or more openings may be created in the implant.
  • the type of biodegradable material may vary with, in one approach, a slower dissolving rate biodegradable material being close to the opening and with different biodegradable material having faster dissolving rates farther from the opening.
  • an initial level of drug delivery may be established and then a higher rate of drug delivery is established during a subsequent drug delivery period(s).
  • a lower % of drug material may be located closer to the implant opening to avoid/lessen the initial drug burst.
  • the present invention contemplates that the % of the drug material may be varied (e.g., increased and/or decreased) as the distance increases from the opening.
  • the anticoagulant material may be located in the matrix mixture just in the area nearer to the opening or that material may be included, for example, in lower, higher or the same dosages elsewhere in the biodegradable matrix. In that regard, it may be desirable to have anticoagulant material delivered at a time relatively close to the removal of the implant.
  • the invention is intended to provide an improved implant where the matrix barrier materials and drug materials are varied—in terms of locations materials and %.
  • the exact choice of biodegradable materials and the % concentration at different locations may be adjusted depending, for example, upon the drug material(s) to be delivered to the patient.
  • the present invention covers the situation where the 3-D printing method is used to create all or just a portion of the implant device—e.g., at least only 3 or more layers of the matrix.
  • the invention also contemplates the situation where one or more layers of the matrix and/or coating are created by other methods.
  • the present invention also envisions processes that deposit layers having the same or different thicknesses.
  • the seventh embodiment also may be used with distinct walls and/or distinct channels as shown in other embodiments.
  • modifications and/or variations may be readily made to all embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of my inventions.
  • this invention also envisions the use of one or more openings to deliver these different drugs either separately, serially or together in terms of times and locations.
  • biodegradable barriers and/or anticoagulant materials include at least the following:

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
US14/585,531 2014-07-25 2014-12-30 Medical implant Abandoned US20160022570A1 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/585,531 US20160022570A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2014-12-30 Medical implant
CA2956089A CA2956089C (fr) 2014-07-25 2015-07-14 Dispositif d'administration de medicament subcutanee implantable
PCT/US2015/040458 WO2016014297A1 (fr) 2014-07-25 2015-07-14 Implant médical amélioré
EP15825407.8A EP3171840B1 (fr) 2014-07-25 2015-07-14 Implant médical amélioré
CN201580051919.6A CN106999303B (zh) 2014-07-25 2015-07-14 改进的医疗植入物
ES15825407T ES2865271T3 (es) 2014-07-25 2015-07-14 Implante médico mejorado
US14/808,806 US20160022819A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2015-07-24 Medical implant
US15/682,386 US10806696B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2017-08-21 Medical implant
US16/459,577 US10993906B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2019-07-01 Medical implant
US17/217,347 US11857671B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2021-03-30 Medical implant
US18/400,077 US20240130963A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2023-12-29 Medical implant

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US201462028907P 2014-07-25 2014-07-25
US201462080584P 2014-11-17 2014-11-17
US14/585,531 US20160022570A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2014-12-30 Medical implant

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US15/682,386 Continuation US10806696B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2017-08-21 Medical implant

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US14/808,806 Continuation-In-Part US20160022819A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2015-07-24 Medical implant
US15/682,386 Continuation US10806696B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2017-08-21 Medical implant
US16/459,577 Continuation US10993906B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2019-07-01 Medical implant

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US20160022570A1 true US20160022570A1 (en) 2016-01-28

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US14/585,531 Abandoned US20160022570A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2014-12-30 Medical implant
US15/682,386 Active US10806696B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2017-08-21 Medical implant
US16/459,577 Active US10993906B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2019-07-01 Medical implant
US17/217,347 Active 2035-06-12 US11857671B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2021-03-30 Medical implant
US18/400,077 Pending US20240130963A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2023-12-29 Medical implant

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US15/682,386 Active US10806696B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2017-08-21 Medical implant
US16/459,577 Active US10993906B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2019-07-01 Medical implant
US17/217,347 Active 2035-06-12 US11857671B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2021-03-30 Medical implant
US18/400,077 Pending US20240130963A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2023-12-29 Medical implant

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US (5) US20160022570A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3171840B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106999303B (fr)
CA (1) CA2956089C (fr)
ES (1) ES2865271T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016014297A1 (fr)

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US10806696B2 (en) 2020-10-20
ES2865271T3 (es) 2021-10-15
US20170348229A1 (en) 2017-12-07
CA2956089A1 (fr) 2016-01-28
CN106999303A (zh) 2017-08-01
EP3171840B1 (fr) 2021-03-17
US20210212935A1 (en) 2021-07-15
EP3171840A1 (fr) 2017-05-31
US20190321287A1 (en) 2019-10-24
US20240130963A1 (en) 2024-04-25
US10993906B2 (en) 2021-05-04
CA2956089C (fr) 2021-12-07
CN106999303B (zh) 2021-07-09
WO2016014297A1 (fr) 2016-01-28
US11857671B2 (en) 2024-01-02
EP3171840A4 (fr) 2018-02-07

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