US20150247385A1 - Method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal - Google Patents

Method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal Download PDF

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US20150247385A1
US20150247385A1 US14/430,086 US201314430086A US2015247385A1 US 20150247385 A1 US20150247385 A1 US 20150247385A1 US 201314430086 A US201314430086 A US 201314430086A US 2015247385 A1 US2015247385 A1 US 2015247385A1
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gas
coal
coal seam
gasification
coalbed gas
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Feng Chen
Shuchuan Zhang
Zhongxue Gan
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ENN Coal Gasification Mining Co Ltd
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ENN Coal Gasification Mining Co Ltd
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Assigned to ENN Coal Gasification Mining Co., Ltd. reassignment ENN Coal Gasification Mining Co., Ltd. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHEN, FENG, GAN, ZHONGXUE, ZHANG, Shuchuan
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/005—Waste disposal systems
    • E21B41/0057—Disposal of a fluid by injection into a subterranean formation
    • E21B41/0064—Carbon dioxide sequestration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
    • E21B43/247—Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes or crevice forming processes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/2605—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using gas or liquefied gas
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel process for mining underground carbon-containing organic mineral reservoir, in particular to a method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal.
  • Coal as a major source of energy in China, takes up about 70% of primary energy structure and is relatively rich in the total volume. It is predicted that the total volume of coal is about 4.5 trillion tons (within 2000 m), among which the volume of coal accumulated within 600 m is just about 25%. It is estimated from the present coal mining depth (400 m) that there is at least about 80% of the predicted total volume of underground coal in China not yet developed and utilized. The deeper development of coal resource is a long-term task. With the increase of the mining depth, an associated resource, i.e., gas (also referred to as coalbed gas) also increases in content. It is assessed in terms of coalbed gas resource that there is about 36 trillion cubic meters of coalbed gas reserved deeply within 2000 m in China, ranking third in the world, equivalent to the reserves of the onshore conventional natural gas resource.
  • gas also referred to as coalbed gas
  • coal seams reserved underground may be burned controllably, by the coal underground gasification technology, to generate gas energy that can be utilized adequately by means of pyrolytic reaction and chemical reaction.
  • coal underground gasification technology to generate gas energy that can be utilized adequately by means of pyrolytic reaction and chemical reaction.
  • This technology has achieved considerable success in the gasification of shallow coal seams and has implemented the commercial operation in the former Soviet Union. Since the oil shock in the twentieth century, some countries in Europe have succeeded in utilizing the coal underground gasification technology to obtain energy from deep coal seams that can not be mined by conventional methods.
  • the coal underground gasification technology is the most effective technology for the mining of deep coal resources at present.
  • the existing coal underground technology only concerns the gasification of coal seams.
  • the content of coalbed gas will increase quickly and it is inevitable to have some problems in the extraction of coalbed gas, specifically including: (1) for a coal seam rich in coalbed gas, there may be problems such as safety challenge and waste of resources if gasification is directly implemented to the coal seam; (2) if the conventional coalbed gas mining means is employed without in combination with the underground gasification technology, the subsequent implementation of the underground gasification may cause overlapped functions such as drilling and increased investment cost; (3) injection of CO 2 into a coal seam may increase the extraction ratio of CH 4 from the coal seam, however, the yield of coalbed gas, which may be increased only in the initial stage of the extraction of coalbed gas, will drop quickly in the later stage as the fracture is likely to close; and (4) as the intermediate of the gasification process and one component of resulting products, CO 2 , participating in a series of redox reactions, is an
  • the inventor(s) has found that the coalbed gas extraction and the underground coal gasification have some similarities and synergistic effects in drilling, fracturing, fracture expansion and other technological links, so that the collaborative development and utilization of an underground coal resource and a coalbed gas resource may be comprehensively taken into consideration by combining an underground coal technology and a coalbed gas extraction technology.
  • a high-temperature medium generated by the underground coal gasification may be used to heat a coal seam. Under the high temperature, the adsorption capacity of CH 4 in a coalbed gas is greatly reduced, and the gas is expanded while heated during the process of transferring heat energy to the coal seam, so that it is advantageous for the establishment of a pressure difference, and the seepage rate of the coalbed gas is improved.
  • processes for the coalbed gas in early stage such as the fracturing stimulation and depressurization by drainage, improve the permeability of a coal seam, so that it is advantageous for the establishment of a fire zone and the implementation of a subsequent gasification process in the underground coal gasification technology; meanwhile, the permeability of the coal seam after heated may be improved by 2-10 times, so it is more advantageous for the desorption of CH 4 .
  • the cost of the separation of CO 2 from methane is lower than that of N 2 from methane, and CO and H 2 in the gas may be directly synthesized into methane, so the final product, like the coal gas, is methane.
  • the coalbed gas extraction may be combined with the underground gasification, and the both promote and cooperate with each other, so that the recovery rate of the coalbed gas may be improved, and meanwhile, due to the improvement of the permeability of the coal seam, the reaction surface area is increased, so that it is advantageous for the underground coal gasification reaction.
  • an objective of the present invention is to provide a new method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal.
  • the method combines a coalbed gas extraction technology and an underground coal gasification technology, and a medium containing CO 2 is used in the joint-mining process.
  • the present invention provides a method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal, including:
  • a well-drilling step drilling from the ground to a coal seam such as coal seam to provide at least one injection borehole and at least one production borehole for communicating the coal seam with the ground;
  • a fracturing and penetration step injecting a fracturing medium containing CO 2 into the coal seam from the injection borehole, thereby forcing the fracture medium to flow in the coal seam and to discharge from the production borehole so that the injection borehole is brought to communicate with the production borehole through the communicating fracture in the coal seam;
  • a coalbed gas extraction step injecting a displacement medium into the coal seam from the injection borehole, displacing coalbed gas in the coal seam, and collecting the coalbed gas from the production borehole;
  • the method provided by the present invention is not a simple combination of the underground gasification technology and the coalbed gas extraction technology, but respective original processes are improved to adapt to the coupling of the two process technologies. Specifically, at least one of the following improvements is employed.
  • a horizontal well is drilled preferably in a direction vertical to a primary fracture of a coal seam during coalbed gas drilling.
  • the direction of the primary fracture is located in a horizontal plane of the coal seam and may be determined by geostress measurement, directional coring analysis or other means, but the problem on the direction of the horizontal well is not taken into consideration in the existing coalbed gas extraction.
  • the distance of a horizontal section of the coalbed gas horizontal well is determined according to a longitudinal expanded range of an underground gasification fire zone (i.e., the direction of the horizontal well), and the main parameters for determining this expanded range include the distribution and size of the geostress of the coal seam, the original permeability of the coal seam and the permeability of the coal seam at different temperatures, the reactivity of coal, the structure and fault of the coal seam, the mechanical properties of coal rocks at different temperatures and the like. If necessary, it is also required to summarize a proper length in combination with an on-site test. However, the exiting coalbed gas extraction does not consider the length of the horizontal section of the horizontal well according to this standard.
  • the specification i.e., material, inner and outer diameters, well structure and construction technology
  • injection and production holes of coalbed gas is determined according to the underground gasification technology, specifically including gas inflow/outflow, temperature, operating pressure, service life and so on.
  • the specification of the injection and production holes in the coalbed gas extraction is determined by pressure and gas outflow only.
  • coalbed gas extraction it is taken into consideration during drilling a vertical well that the put-down depth of a sleeve and a trajectory of the horizontal section of the horizontal well are located at the lower part of the coal seam and approximate to a bottom plate, thereby ensuring the recovery rate of the coal seam. This point is not taken into consideration in the coalbed gas extraction.
  • a fracturing range (determined according to the distribution of pressure of each hole on site) of the coalbed gas is considered during the design of a gasification furnace for underground gasification to determine an arrangement range of a furnace zone; the arrangement range of the furnace zone is determined only according to the range of thermal state influence (determined by on-site thermometer holes) of the coal seam during the design of the gasification furnace for underground gasification, but the fracturing range of the coalbed gas is obviously larger than the range of thermal state influence.
  • the well drilling is drilling a horizontal well on a horizontal plane of the coal seam and in a direction vertical to a primary fracture of the coal seam.
  • the put-down depth of a sleeve and a trajectory of a horizontal section of the horizontal well are located at a lower part of the coal seam, with 1-3 m away from a bottom plate of the coal seam.
  • the fracturing medium is a mixture of CO 2 and O 2 , and the volume concentration of O 2 is below 20%.
  • the displacing coalbed gas in the coal seam is injecting CO 2 or N 2 for displacement.
  • the method further includes: 6) a CO 2 recycling step: recycling CO 2 generated during the underground gasification step, and using a part of the recycled CO 2 as the gasification agent.
  • the CO 2 recycled in the CO 2 recycling step is used as the fracturing medium for the fracturing and penetration step or the displacement medium for the coalbed gas extraction step.
  • the method further includes: 7) a CO 2 storage step: at the end of the underground gasification of the coal seam between the injection borehole and the production borehole, filling a part of the recycled CO 2 into a combustion cavity (the combustion cavity is a cavity left after the gasification of the coal seam) for burying and storage.
  • the method prior to the ignition step 4), the method further includes a safety detection step for ensuring ignition safety.
  • the fracturing medium in the fracturing and penetration step is gaseous, liquid or supercritical CO 2 , or a mixture of CO 2 and O 2 having a volume concentration of oxygen of below 20%, or a mixed liquid composed of liquid CO 2 , water collagen (for example, guanidine gum, for improving the denseness of the fracturing medium, reducing the leak-off of the fracturing medium and increasing the width of the fracture) and a chemical additive (for example, potassium chloride, for allowing the fracturing medium to form a stable system).
  • a chemical additive for example, potassium chloride
  • the volume concentration of O 2 in the gasification agent containing CO 2 is 20-70% to ensure that ash will not be melted.
  • the volume concentration of O 2 in the gasification agent containing CO 2 is 20-50% for establishment of a gasification passage.
  • the volume concentration of O 2 in the gasification agent containing CO 2 is 40-70% for gasification of the coal seam at the end of the establishment of the gasification passage.
  • the gasification agent containing CO 2 is a mixture of O 2 , CO 2 and water vapor.
  • the addition amount of water vapor should be determined according to a result obtained by dividing a difference between the amount of water required for the gasification and the water content of the coal seam by a decomposition rate of the water vapor.
  • the establishing a fire zone is performed by electric ignition (for example, placing an electric heater in the coal seam where a fire zone is to be established, controlling the pressure of an ignition hole to be larger than the hydrostatic head to ensure that there is no water in the ignition hole, and then heating and igniting the coal seam to establish the fire zone) or solid fuel ignition (for example, placing hot coke in the coal seam where a fire zone is to be established, feeding oxygen to combust the coke and thus ignite the coal seam so as to establish the fire zone).
  • electric ignition for example, placing an electric heater in the coal seam where a fire zone is to be established, controlling the pressure of an ignition hole to be larger than the hydrostatic head to ensure that there is no water in the ignition hole, and then heating and igniting the coal seam to establish the fire zone
  • solid fuel ignition for example, placing hot coke in the coal seam where a fire zone is to be established, feeding oxygen to combust the coke and thus ignite the coal seam so as to establish the fire zone.
  • the underground gasification includes forward combustion (a moving direction of flame on a gasification working plane is consistent with an airflow direction), reverse combustion (the moving direction of flame on the gasification working plane is opposite to the airflow direction) or retracting injection point combustion (a set of continuous tubes is inserted into the horizontal well, then the set of continuous tubes is drawn on the ground to allow the continuous tubes to retract in the horizontal well for ignition and gasification at different positions).
  • forward combustion a moving direction of flame on a gasification working plane is consistent with an airflow direction
  • reverse combustion the moving direction of flame on the gasification working plane is opposite to the airflow direction
  • retracting injection point combustion a set of continuous tubes is inserted into the horizontal well, then the set of continuous tubes is drawn on the ground to allow the continuous tubes to retract in the horizontal well for ignition and gasification at different positions.
  • the generated gasified gas, pyrolyzed gas and coalbed gas are discharged from the production borehole for synthesis of methane, methane-power generation or production of methane-methanol.
  • the gasification agent is conveyed from the ground to the fire zone through an annular conveying pipe (i.e., a double-layer sleeve) or directly conveyed from the ground to the fire zone through a borehole.
  • annular conveying pipe i.e., a double-layer sleeve
  • the CO 2 recycled in the CO 2 recycling step is used as the fracturing medium for the fracturing and penetration step or the displacement medium for the coalbed gas extraction step.
  • the method provided by the present invention combines an underground coal gasification technology and a coalbed gas extraction technology, not only allows for utilization of the high temperature of underground gasification to heat a coalbed, thus increasing the permeability of a coal seam and increasing the extraction rate of the coalbed gas, but also allows for realization of the coupling of the drilling technology and the fracturing technology and meanwhile may use directly captured CO 2 as a medium for coalbed gas displacement and a gasification agent for the underground gasification, thus adjusting effective compositions of gas.
  • the extraction rate of coalbed gas is improved, the effective gas compositions of gas are adjusted, the production cost of gas is reduced, and CO 2 capture and resource utilization are realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to an implementation of the present invention, wherein a coal seam between boreholes is injected with CO 2 , i.e. by cold state fracturing, for extraction of coalbed gas;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to an implementation of the present invention, wherein a fire zone is established to heat a fracture and then expand it to form a gasification passage for synchronous displacement of coalbed gas;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to another implementation of the present invention, wherein the extraction of coalbed gas is performed by pinnate branch horizontal drilling technology;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to another implementation of the present invention, wherein the ignition is performed, and a passage is thermally performed and then expanded to form a gasification passage for synchronous displacement of coalbed gas;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to another implementation of the present invention, wherein the extraction of coalbed gas is performed by directionally horizontal drilling;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to another implementation of the present invention, wherein the ignition is performed, and a passage is heated and then expanded to form a gasification passage for synchronous displacement of coalbed gas;
  • the present invention provides a new method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal.
  • the method provided by the present invention combines a coalbed gas extraction technology and an underground coal gasification technology.
  • an underground gasification unit is generally required to at least have a injection borehole, a production borehole and a gasification passage connected between the two boreholes, where the gasification passage is realized generally by fracturing, fire penetration or other means.
  • a coalbed gas extraction unit is generally required to have at least one blind hole, for example, a vertical hole or a multilateral horizontal well, and it is required to perform fraction expansion by fracturing.
  • the coalbed gas extraction unit may include a gas injection well and a plurality of production wells.
  • the underground gasification and the ground coalbed gas extraction have some similarities in technology to a certain extent.
  • the combination of the underground coal gasification technology and the coalbed gas extraction technology not only allows for utilization of the high temperature of underground gasification to heat a coal seam, thus increasing the permeability of a coal seam and increasing the extraction rate of the coalbed gas, but also allows for realization of the coupling of the drilling technology and the fracturing technology and meanwhile may use directly captured CO 2 as a medium for coalbed gas displacement and a gasification agent for the underground gasification, thus adjusting effective compositions of gas.
  • the extraction rate of coalbed gas is improved, the effective gas compositions of gas are adjusted, the production cost of gas is reduced, and CO 2 capture and resource utilization are realized.
  • the method provided by the present invention include well drilling, fracturing and penetration, coalbed gas extraction, ignition of a coal seam, underground gasification, recycling of CO 2 , storage of CO 2 and other steps.
  • the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal provided by the present invention includes the following steps.
  • Step a 1 At least two boreholes are drilled from the ground to a coal seam, and the direction of the connection line between the bottoms of the two boreholes is consistent with the direction of a primary fracture of the coal seam, wherein one of the two boreholes is used as an injection borehole while the other one thereof is used as an production borehole.
  • a high pressure (higher than a fracturing pressure of the coal seam) fracturing medium containing CO 2 as a fracturing medium is injected from the injection borehole, and CO 2 is forced to move along the bores and fractures in the coal seam and to discharge from the production borehole, so that a communicating fracture is established in the coal seam between the boreholes.
  • Step a 2 The production borehole is closed, and CO 2 is continuously injected into the coal seam from the injection borehole. Then, CO 2 is stopped to be injected, and both the injection borehole and the production borehole are closed for soaking, so that CO 2 is allowed to displace CH 4 in the coal seam. Subsequently, the production borehole is opened again for extraction of the coalbed gas.
  • Step a 3 Step a 2 is repeated according to the desorption states of the coalbed gas.
  • the coal seam at the bottom of the production borehole is ignited, and then a certain concentration of CO 2 oxygen-rich gas (called oxygen-rich CO 2 ) prepared from CO 2 and pure oxygen is continuously conveyed to a fire zone from the injection borehole through the communicating fracture formed in the coal seam between the boreholes, so that a fire source is allowed to move to the injection borehole in a direction opposite to the airflow direction of the oxygen-rich CO 2 .
  • oxygen-rich CO 2 CO 2 oxygen-rich gas
  • the released heat is transferred to the coal seam to facilitate desorption of CH 4 and dry the coal seam, thus increasing the permeability of the coal seam.
  • the desorbed methane, together with the gasified gas and the pyrolyzed gas, is discharged from the production borehole.
  • Step a 4 After a difference between the injection pressure of the oxygen-rich CO 2 and the production pressure of the gas drops significantly (generally about 0.3 MPa), the flow of the oxygen-rich CO 2 is increased or the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-rich CO 2 is increased, so that the temperature of a reaction zone is further improved, the desorption of CH 4 is enhanced, and the fire source is allowed to move to the production borehole in a direction opposite to the airflow direction of the oxygen-rich CO 2 . Accordingly, the full contact reaction of CO 2 with the hot coal seam is ensured, and the in-situ gasification mining of the coal seam between the boreholes is realized.
  • the CO 2 may be gaseous, liquid or supercritical CO 2 , or a mixture of CO 2 and O 2 having a volume concentration of oxygen of below 20%, or a mixed liquid composed of liquid CO 2 , water collagen (for example, guanidine gum, for improving the denseness of the fracturing medium, reducing the leak-off of the fracturing medium and increasing the width of the fracture) and a chemical additive (for example, potassium chloride, for allowing the fracturing medium to form a stable system).
  • water collagen for example, guanidine gum, for improving the denseness of the fracturing medium, reducing the leak-off of the fracturing medium and increasing the width of the fracture
  • a chemical additive for example, potassium chloride, for allowing the fracturing medium to form a stable system.
  • the pressure change of CO 2 injected into the borehole(s) is monitored.
  • the pressure at the borehole(s) drops rapidly (that is, a pressure drop reaches 5% or more of the original pressure per day) while the gas outflow is not less than 100 Nm 3 /h, it is indicated that a communicating fracture has been formed in the coal seam between the boreholes.
  • the volume concentration of oxygen in step a 3 is required to be 20-50%, and the oxygen concentration in step a 4 is required to be 40-70%, to ensure that ash will not be melted. If the content of water in the coal seam is not sufficient for the gasification of the coal, the gasification agent needs to be added with water vapor. The addition amount of the water vapor is determined according to the foregoing description.
  • the oxygen-rich CO 2 may be conveyed from the ground to a fire zone through an annular conveying pipe, or may be directly conveyed from the ground to the fire zone through a borehole.
  • the method may further include a step a 5 of recycling CO 2 : recycling the CO 2 generated during the underground coal gasification, and using a part of CO 2 as a gasification agent for underground coal gasification to adjust compositions and a calorific value of the gas.
  • the method may further include a step a 6 of CO 2 storage: at the end of the gasification of the coal seam between the two boreholes, a part of the recycled CO 2 is filled into a combustion cavity formed after the gasification of the coal seam for burying and storage.
  • two of boreholes may ensure the implementation of the gasification process, and one of the boreholes is used for gas inflow while the other one thereof is used for gas discharge. Meanwhile, during the coalbed gas extraction, one of the boreholes may be used for injecting gas to displace coalbed gas, while the other one thereof is used for collecting the coalbed gas displaced from the coal seam.
  • the fracturing of the coal seam in the method at least includes: gas fracturing, hydraulic fracturing or foam fracturing, or mechanical drilling.
  • step a 1 may use O 2 and CO 2 to perform fracturing.
  • concentration of O 2 is within 20% and specifically determined according to the content of methane in the coal seam and the expansion limit of methane.
  • the establishing of a fire zone in the method may be that the mixture of CO 2 and O 2 is conveyed to the bottom of the borehole, wherein the temperature is determined according to the convention of the O 2 , ignition point of the coal seam, the exposed area of the coal seam, heat waste of pipes and the like, and the pressure is determined according to the hydrostatic head.
  • the establishing of a fire zone in the method further includes: electric ignition, solid fuel ignition, or using an original fire zone within an operation zone or a high pressure coal seam in the combustion cavity.
  • the underground gasification mode in the method at least includes: forward combustion, reverse combustion or retracting injection point combustion.
  • the forward combustion refers that the moving direction of flame on a working plane is consistent with an airflow direction
  • the reverse combustion refers that the moving direction of flame on the working plane is opposite to the airflow direction
  • the retracting injection point combustion refers that a set of continuous tubes is inserted into a horizontal well and then drawn on the ground to allow the continuous tubes to retract in the horizontal well for ignition and gasification at different positions.
  • the recycling of CO 2 in the method may be performed in various ways and mainly depends on the application and quality of gas. For example, if the gas is used for power generation, CO 2 in the fume generated after gas power generation may be recycled. For example, if the gas is used for chemical synthesis, CO 2 in the gas may be separated and recycled in a decarbonization section during gas purification, and the fume generated by directly combusting gas or coalbed gas may also be used.
  • the gasified gas, the pyrilyzed gas and the coalbed gas, which are discharged from the production borehole may be used for synthesis of methane, or poly-generation production, for example, methane-power generation, methane-methanol, or production of multiple energy chemical products.
  • the present invention further produces a preferred method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal.
  • the whole flow focuses on the utilization of CO 2 as a resource.
  • the method specifically has the following advantages.
  • the present invention Compared with other coalbed gas extraction technologies, the present invention combines coalbed gas extraction and underground gasification, greatly improves the extraction rate of coalbed gas, reduces cost, and meanwhile realizes the recycling and utilization of CO 2 , so that the present invention is particularly suitable for low-permeability coal seams.
  • the coalbed gas extraction and the underground gasification have strong synergistic effects, specifically:
  • the boreholes bored in step 1 not only may be used for coalbed gas fracturing and coalbed gas extraction in step 2 , but also may be used as injection and production boreholes for ignition in step 3 and pyrolysis and gasification in step 4 , so that the coalbed gas drilling and the underground gasification drilling are coupled with each other, and it is advantageous for the reduction of well drilling investment and cost saving, particular for the mining of resources in deep coal seams;
  • CO 2 fracturing in step 1 may improve the desorption of methane in the coalbed gas extraction process in step 2 , and a large amount of CO 2 adsorbed in the coal seam not only may control the temperature of the coal seam during the ignition in step 3 and the pyrolysis and gasification in step 4 , thereby avoiding the occurrence of problems of spontaneous combustion or melting of the gasification passage, which are disadvantageous for ignition and gasification, due to partial overheat of the coal seam, but also may improve the yield of pyrolyzed gas of the coal seam in step 4 ; in addition, the fracturing process in step 1 greatly improves the permeability of the coal seam, provides advantageous conditions for heat transfer and mass transfer for the pyrolysis and gasification in step 4 , increases an expanded range of a working plane of gasification, and improves the recovery rate of the gasification of the coal seam; if the mixture of CO 2 and O 2 is added as a fracturing medium in step 1 , the oxygen remained in the coal seam is advantageous for ignition and may react
  • the permeability of the coal seam is improved greatly, so that it is advantageous for the expansion of the gasification working plane in step 4 , and the methane enriched around the production well is also advantageous for ignition;
  • the high temperature generated by the underground gasification reaction in step 4 facilitates the formation of the fracture of the coal seam (i.e., hot fracture expansion), so the cold fracturing the coal seam and the hot fracture expansion are complemented with each other to generate synergistic effects, so that the seepage capacity of the coalbed gas is improved, the temperature rise of the coal seam greatly facilitates the desorption of methane, and the fracture of the coal seam may be prevented from being closed at the end of the CO 2 fracturing in step 1 ; by combining physical desorption and chemical reaction, the yield of the coalbed gas may be greatly increased; CO 2 may quicken the generation rate of CO, suppresses water-gas shift reaction, effectively adjusts the content of the effective compositions in the gas, and allows a hydrogen-carbon ratio to be fit for the synthesis of methane; meanwhile, using CO 2 to displace CH 4 improves the recovery rate of the coalbed gas, realizes CO 2 capture and resource utilization, and achieves CO 2 emission reduction.
  • the fracture of the coal seam i.e., hot
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to the present invention, wherein a coal seam between boreholes is injected with CO 2 , i.e. by cold state fracturing, for extraction of coalbed gas.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal, wherein a fire zone is established to heat a fracture and then expanded it to form a gasification passage for synchronous displacement of coalbed gas.
  • boreholes are arranged according to the range of a coal seam to be gasified in this embodiment.
  • the number of the boreholes is determined according to the reserves of the coal seam and the production scale of gas.
  • at least one injection borehole and one production borehole should be included. The specific implementation is as below.
  • a vertical borehole as an injection borehole 5 is constructed from the ground 2 to the coal seam 1 through overlying strata 3 .
  • a vertical borehole as an production borehole 6 is constructed at a certain distance away from the injection borehole 5 (generally within 200 m to 600 m; the distance may be specifically determined according to the type of coal by the those skilled in the art; for example, the deeper the degree of metamorphism is, and the larger the length of the borehole is; for lignite, the depth is generally about 200 m, while for bitumite, the depth is generally about 500 m).
  • the bottoms of both the injection and production boreholes are located in the coal seam 1 , and are 2 m away from a bottom plate 2 of the coal seam.
  • the direction of a connection line of the bottoms of the injection borehole 5 and the production borehole 6 is consistent with the direction of a primary fracture of the coal seam.
  • the space between the injection and production borehole may be determined according to the coal seam, stratum and other conditions by those skilled in the art.
  • An O 2 pipeline and a CO 2 pipeline 8 are mounted at the orifice of the injection borehole 5 , and a drainage pipeline 9 , a coalbed gas 10 and a gas pipeline 13 are arranged at the orifice of the production borehole 6 , wherein the O 2 pipeline 7 is used for conveying pure oxygen; the CO 2 pipeline 8 is used for conveying CO 2 , and oxygen-rich CO 2 is prepared with a certain volume concentration (in this embodiment, the oxygen concentration is about 10%) in the injection borehole 5 ; the drainage pipeline 9 is used for draining water in the coal seam during fracturing and coalbed gas extraction; the coalbed gas pipeline 10 is used for discharging coalbed gas during the coalbed gas extraction and conveying CO 2 at the end of gasification to store CO 2 into a combustion cavity formed after the gasification of the coal seam; and, the gas pipeline 13 is used for conveying raw gas generated during gasification process after ignition.
  • the O 2 pipeline 7 is used for conveying pure oxygen
  • the CO 2 pipeline 8 is used for conveying CO 2
  • the high pressure CO 2 conveyed by the CO 2 pipeline 8 and the O 2 conveyed by the O 2 pipeline 7 are continuously injected into the coal seam 1 through the injection borehole 7 , where the injection pressure is 1.1 times of the fracturing pressure of the coal seam in order to force the gas medium to move through the natural apertures and fractures of the coal seam and then fracture the coal seam to generate a communicating fracture 4 , so that the injection borehole is brought to communicate with the production borehole 6 in the coal seam 1 . Accordingly, the gas after fracturing is discharged from the coalbed gas pipeline 10 to the ground through the production borehole 6 .
  • the production borehole 6 is closed, and high pressure CO 2 continues to be injected into the coal seam 1 from the injection borehole 5 , where the injection pressure is not larger than the fracturing pressure of the coal seam and the injection amount is determined according to the content of saturated gas of the coal seam.
  • CO 2 is stopped to be injected, both the injection borehole 5 and the production borehole are closed for well soaking for 1-15 days to ensure that CO 2 fully contacts with the coal seam and displaces CH 4 adsorbed in the coal sea.
  • the production borehole is opened again, and the water in the coal seam is drained by the drainage pipeline 9 to dewater the coal seam 1 .
  • the coalbed gas pipeline 10 is opened to reduce the pressure at the production borehole 6 and facilitate the desorption of the coalbed gas, which is collected to a ground pipe network through the coalbed gas pipeline 10 .
  • a next cycle of injection and extraction is performed.
  • the production borehole 6 is opened, the drainage pipeline 9 is taken away and the gas pipeline 13 is mounted.
  • the communication valve between the production borehole 6 and the gas pipeline 13 is opened, and high pressure CO 2 continues to be injected into the coal seam 1 from the injection borehole 5 , where the injection pressure is larger than the hydrostatic pressure of the coal sea and the injection amount is determined according to the content of water in the coal seam. Then, the CO 2 is discharged from the gas pipeline 13 to take away the water in the coal seam between the boreholes, i.e., to dewater the coal sea, so that the coal seam at the bottom of the production borehole 6 remains dry.
  • An electric igniter is placed down to a section of coal seam at the bottom of the production borehole 6 , the communication valve between the production borehole 6 and the gas pipeline 13 is opened.
  • the pure oxygen conveyed by the O 2 pipeline 7 and the CO 2 conveyed by the CO 2 pipeline 8 are mixed in the injection borehole 5 to obtain oxygen-rich CO 2 having an oxygen volume concentration of 20-30% as a gasification agent which is then fed into the coal seam at the bottom of the production borehole 6 through the communicating fracture 4 .
  • the content of methane at the production borehole is monitored, and the content of oxygen in the input gas is controlled to ensure that the concentration of O 2 at the production borehole is not within the expansion limit of methane.
  • the igniter is started to ignite the coal seam at the bottom of the production borehole 6 , so that an original fire zone 11 is established.
  • the raw gas generated by the reaction of the gasification agent and the coal seam 1 is discharged by the gas pipeline 13 .
  • the flow of the oxygen-rich CO 2 is controlled (about 300-500 m 3 /h) to allow the temperature of the fire zone to be not less than the temperature of the spontaneous ignition point of the coal seam.
  • the flow of the oxygen-rich CO 2 is increased at a rate of 500-1000 Nm 3 /h until the flow reaches 5000-8000 Nm 3 /h, so that the fire source is allowed to move to the injection borehole in a direction opposite to the airflow direction of the oxygen-rich CO 2 . Because a gasification reaction and a pyrolytic reaction occur between the oxygen-rich CO 2 and the coal seam:
  • a part of coal seam is gasified along the communicating fracture 4 , and the communicating fracture is expanded to gradually form a gasification passage 12 , which is advantageous for the discharge of gas. Meanwhile, the released heat is transferred to the coal seam to facilitate desorption of CH 4 and to dry the coal seam, thereby increasing the permeability of the coal seam.
  • the desorbed methane, together with the gasified gas and the pyrolyzed gas, is discharged through the production borehole 6 and the gas pipeline 13 .
  • the flow and the O 2 concentration are remained to perform reverse combustion (that is, the expansion direction of the front edge of flame is opposite to the flow direction of the fed gas), and the pressure at the injection borehole 5 is monitored in real time.
  • the difference between the pressure of the injection borehole 5 and that of the production borehole 6 is small (the pressure difference is less than about 0.3 MPa), it is indicated that the gasification passage 12 between the lower end of the injection borehole 5 and the lower end of the production borehole 6 is established successfully.
  • the concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich CO 2 fed from the upper end of the injection borehole 5 to the underground is increased up to 40-60% (with an increase of 2-5% per day) to improve the temperature of the reaction zone, and forward gasification is performed (that is, the expansion direction of the front edge of the flame is the same as the flow direction of the fed gas) to ensure that CO 2 comes into full contact with the hot coal seam in the gasification passage and thus realize the gasification of the coal seam between the boreholes.
  • the effect of the geostress becomes apparent, so that crushed zones of the coal seam around the gasification passage are generated under the combined action of heat effects, and the release of the coalbed gas is thus quickened.
  • the flow of the CO 2 oxygen-rich gas and/or the oxygen concentration may be adjusted according to the thickness of dirt band of the coal seam, the content of water and the distance between the boreholes. If the content of water in the coal seam is less than the amount of water required for the gasification reaction, oxygen-rich CO 2 and water vapor may be injected, and the injection amount of water vapor is a result obtained by dividing a difference between the amount of water required for the gasification reaction and the content of water in the coal seam by a decomposition rate of the water vapor.
  • the combustion cavity is formed after the gasification of the coal seam, and the space of the combustion cavity is filled with ash, coke slag, dirt band, roof rocks and un-gasified coal seam and may be used as a space for CO 2 storage.
  • the production borehole 6 is closed, the CO 2 pipeline 7 is opened, and high pressure CO 2 is injected, where the pressure of CO 2 is generally controlled to be 6-8 MPa and the injection amount of CO 2 is generally controlled to be 400-500 Nm 3 /m 3 (400-500 m 3 of CO 2 per volume of the combustion cavity may be stored).
  • the pressure and injection amount of CO 2 are specifically determined according to the volume of the combustion cavity, the hydrogeological conditions of the coal seam and the like.
  • the generated gasified gas, pyrolyzed gas and coalbed gas are discharged from the production borehole and then used for synthesis of methane.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to the present invention, wherein the extraction of coalbed gas is performed by pinnate branch horizontal drilling.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal. The specific implementation is as below.
  • a vertical borehole as a production borehole 6 is constructed from the ground 2 to the coal seam 1 through overlying strata 3 .
  • a vertical borehole as an injection borehole 5 is constructed at a certain distance away from the production borehole 6 (referring to Embodiment 1), and the borehole 5 is brought to communicate with the borehole 6 in the coal seam.
  • the injection borehole 5 is a pinnate horizontal borehole and includes several groups of pinnate branch horizontal wells 14 , and the bottom of the borehole is located in the coal seal 1 to be gasified.
  • the aperture and length of a main horizontal well and each of the branch wells and the number of the branch wells among are determined according to the mining area of the coal seal and the coalbed gas.
  • sieve tubes may be put into the main horizontal well for supporting.
  • a drainage rod pump is put in the production borehole 6 , and a drainage pipeline 9 and a coalbed gas pipeline 10 are mounted.
  • An O 2 pipeline 7 and a CO 2 pipeline 8 are mounted at the orifice of the injection borehole 5 .
  • the communication valve between the production borehole 6 and the gas pipeline 10 is closed, and high pressure N 2 is continuously injected into the coal seam from the injection borehole 5 , where the injection pressure is not larger than the fracturing pressure of the coal seal and the injection amount is determined according to the content of the saturated gas of the coal seam.
  • N 2 is stopped to be injected, and both the injection borehole 5 and the production borehole are closed for well soaking for 10-20 days to ensure that N 2 comes into full contact with the coal seam and displaces CH 4 adsorbed in the coal seam.
  • the production borehole 6 is opened again, and the water in the coal seam is drained by the drainage pipeline 9 to dewater the coal seam 1 .
  • the coalbed gas pipeline 10 is opened to reduce the pressure at the production borehole 6 and to facilitate desorption of the coalbed gas, and the coalbed gas is collected to a ground tube network through the coalbed gas pipeline 10 .
  • the production borehole 6 is opened, the drainage pipeline 9 is taken away and the gas pipeline 13 is mounted. Then, the communication valve between the production borehole 6 and the gas pipeline 13 is opened, and high pressure CO 2 continues to be injected into the coal seam 1 from the injection borehole 5 , where the injection pressure is larger than the hydrostatic pressure of the coal sea and the injection amount is determined according to the content of water in the coal seam. Then, the CO 2 is discharged from the gas pipeline 13 to take away the water in the coal seam between the boreholes, i.e., to dewater the coal sea, so that the coal seam at the bottom of the production borehole 6 remains dry.
  • the pure oxygen conveyed by the O 2 pipeline 7 and the CO 2 conveyed by the CO 2 pipeline 8 are mixed in the injection borehole 5 to obtain oxygen-rich CO 2 having an oxygen volume concentration of 20-30% as a gasification agent and then fed into the coal seam at the bottom of the production borehole 6 through the communicating fracture 4 . Then, the content of methane at the production borehole is monitored, and the content of oxygen in the input gas is controlled to ensure that the concentration of O 2 at the production borehole is not within the expansion limit of methane. After the O 2 concentration or the content of methane meets the requirements, the communication valve between the production borehole 6 and the gas pipeline 13 is opened.
  • Hot coke is put onto the bottom of production borehole 13 , and the amount of the coke put is determined according to the thickness of the coal seam, size of the sleeve, ignition point of the coal seam and the like, so as to ignite the coal seam at the bottom of production 6 and establish a original fire zone 11 .
  • the raw gas generated by the reaction of the gasification agent and the coal seam 1 is discharged by the gas pipeline 13 .
  • the flow of the oxygen-rich CO 2 is controlled to allow the temperature of the fire zone to be not less than the temperature of the spontaneous ignition point of the coal seam.
  • the flow of the oxygen-rich CO 2 is increased at a rate of 300-500 Nm 3 /h until the flow reaches 3000-5000 Nm 3 /h, so that the fire source is allowed to move to the injection borehole in a direction opposite to the airflow direction of the oxygen-rich CO 2 . Because a gasification reaction and a pyrolytic reaction occur between the oxygen-rich CO 2 and the coal seam:
  • a part of coal seam is gasified along the communicating fracture 4 , and the communicating fracture is expanded to gradually form a gasification passage 12 , which is advantageous for the discharge of gas. Meanwhile, the released heat is transferred to the coal seam to facilitate the desorption of CH 4 and to dry the coal seam, thereby increasing the permeability of the coal seam.
  • the desorbed methane, together with the gasified gas and the pyrolyzed gas, is discharged through the production borehole 6 and the gas pipeline 13 .
  • the flow is remained to perform reverse combustion (that is, the expansion direction of the front edge of flame is opposite to the flow direction of the fed gas), and the pressure at the injection borehole 5 is monitored in real time.
  • the pressure shown by a pressure meter connected to the upper end of the injection borehole 5 drops significantly (the pressure drop is generally 10-60% of the original pressure), it is indicated that the original fire zone 11 has been expanded close to the bottom of the injection borehole 5 .
  • a difference between the pressure of the injection borehole 5 and the pressure of the production borehole 6 is small (or the pressure difference is less than about 0.3 MPa), it is indicated that the gasification passage 12 between the lower end of the injection borehole 5 and the lower end of the production borehole 6 is established successfully.
  • the concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich CO 2 fed from the upper end of the injection borehole 5 to the underground is increased up to 50-70% (with an increase of 2-5% per day) to improve the temperature of the reaction zone, and forward gasification is performed (that is, the expansion direction of the front edge of the flame is the same as the flow direction of the fed gas) to ensure that CO 2 comes into full contact with the hot coal seam in the gasification passage and thus realize the gasification of the coal seam between the boreholes.
  • the flow of the CO 2 oxygen-rich gas and/or the oxygen concentration may be adjusted according to the thickness of dirt band of the coal seam, the content of water and the distance between the boreholes.
  • the generated gasified gas, pyrolyzed gas and coalbed gas are discharged from the production borehole and then used for methane-power generation.
  • Embodiment 3 is basically the same as Embodiment 2, except for a different that an original passage for drainage and gas extraction is established by directionally horizontal drilling technology and the horizontal well 15 is formed with an arrangement mode of a U-shape structure.
  • the horizontal well is vertical to a direction of a primary fracture of a coal seal, a vertical well, i.e., a production borehole 6 , is used for drainage while gas extraction is performed by an injection borehole 5 .
  • a fire zone is established in the production borehole 6 , the passage starts being heated, and the synchronous displacement of coalbed gas is performed to implement the gasification of the coal seam between the boreholes.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal according to the present invention, where the extraction of coalbed gas is performed by directionally horizontal drilling technology.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the method for joint-mining of coalbed gas and coal, wherein the ignition is performed, and a passage is heated and then expanded to form a gasification passage for synchronous displacement of coalbed gas.
  • the produced gasified gas, pyrolyzed gas and coalbed gas are discharged from the production borehole and then used for methane-methanol production.
  • the present invention uses underground gasification to generate a large amount of heat, so that the passage for coalbed gas fracturing is greatly expanded while heating the coal seam and improving the methane desorption capacity of the coal seam, the yield of the coalbed gas may be greatly improved, and the problem of low permeability of coalbed gas reservoirs in China is fundamentally solved.
  • the underground gasification chemically utilizes the coal seam, in which coalbed gas has been extracted, and the generated gas containing a large amount of methane, CO and H 2 is converted by a ground technology to obtain clean methane.
  • the collaborative development and comprehensive utilization of coalbed gas and a coal seam itself in the present invention may greatly reduce the production and development cost, improve the yield of the final product methane, greatly promote the quality of gas and realize the joint-mining of coal and coalbed gas.
  • the use of fluid containing CO 2 as a processing medium for fracturing and gasification improves the methane desorption capacity in the coal seam, the extraction rate of the coalbed gas and the content of effective gas compositions such as methane or other combustible gases in the gasified gas, and the generated CO 2 during this process may also be recycled. Therefore, the present invention is a new low-carbon, efficient and clean method.

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