US20150211735A1 - Shrouded-coanda multiphase burner - Google Patents

Shrouded-coanda multiphase burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150211735A1
US20150211735A1 US14/421,985 US201214421985A US2015211735A1 US 20150211735 A1 US20150211735 A1 US 20150211735A1 US 201214421985 A US201214421985 A US 201214421985A US 2015211735 A1 US2015211735 A1 US 2015211735A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
shroud
flare
head member
gas flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/421,985
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English (en)
Inventor
Christian Menger
Roman Alexandrovich Skachkov
Roman Pavlovich Sotskij
Grigory Yurievich Mikhalev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schlumberger Technology Corp
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger Technology Corp filed Critical Schlumberger Technology Corp
Assigned to SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION reassignment SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MENGER, CHRISTIAN, SOTSKIY, Sergey Pavlovich, MIKHALEV, Grigory Yurievich, SKACHKOV, Roman Alexandrovich
Publication of US20150211735A1 publication Critical patent/US20150211735A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a gas flare, and in particular, but not exclusively to a Coanda-type gas burner flare used for combustion of waste gas during surface testing of hydrocarbon wells.
  • Hydrocarbons' importance for the world economy cannot be overstated.
  • the discovery and efficient production of hydrocarbons is becoming increasingly more difficult and poses many new technological challenges.
  • a borehole is drilled down into the earth, on land or in subsea operations, to reach a reservoir containing hydrocarbons.
  • fluid hydrocarbons take the form of oil, gas, or mixtures thereof found in reservoirs that can be produced by one or more wells.
  • Well testing includes flowing a well and measuring the response of several key parameters such as pressure and flow rate over time. Many different types of well tests are known to those skilled in the art, such as pressure drawdown, interference, reservoir limit tests, etc. Well testing enables the collection of data that help assess the economic viability of the well. However, the cost of testing operations is significant and often times it may exceed the cost associated with drilling the well. It is important, therefore, that testing operations are performed as efficiently and economically as possible.
  • the well effluent is separated into its individual phases, i.e., oil, water and gas via the use of one or more well test separators.
  • One of the key functions of a well testing operation is to combust the waste gas flow exiting the well test separator.
  • Coanda-type flaring systems are widely used in the petroleum industry for flaring waste gases of oil refineries or production platforms. Typical Coanda-type flare systems are described in the following patent documents: U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,654, U.S. Pat. No. 3,915,622, U.S. 2006/0105276 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 3,833,37, EP 0054383 and RU 2315240.
  • Coanda flares offer relatively clean combustion by premixing the waste gas with ambient air prior to combustion.
  • Coanda flares also offer generally good, stable flame combustion at high inlet pressure of combustible gas.
  • shockwaves generated in the vicinity of the gas exit slot of a Coanda flare help to atomize the liquid droplets that are present in the gas flow into a fine mist, thus facilitating combustion and reducing the risk of fall out even in the case of significant liquid carryover in flare line.
  • Coanda-type flaring systems offer stable and quite clean combustion of multiphase hydrocarbon effluents.
  • Coanda-type flares are efficient and environmental friendly under proper operational conditions.
  • the Coanda-type flare apparatus described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,167 comprises a Coanda body, a slot for gas outlet form the supply pipe, a fructoconical shield for noise reduction, and another shield for noise reflection.
  • a fructoconical shield for noise reduction for noise reduction
  • another shield for noise reflection for noise reflection.
  • the addition of these shield decreases the air supply to the burner and creates a narrow operational range on flow rates of gas.
  • the debris can be sand particles or other particulates present in the wellbore effluent.
  • Another source of debris is pipe scale or the built up of salt deposits around the Coanda slot that can become dislodged once they reach a critical mass. Debris ejected through the Coanda slot poses a risk of injury to the operators as well as damage to the surrounding equipment. There may also be a fraction of the big liquid droplets that do not follow the gas flow and spray sideways from the slot, causing some fallout, especially if the liquid present in gas stream is highly viscous.
  • a gas flare that overcomes the above mentioned deficiencies of existing Coanda-type gas flares.
  • the inventive gas flare comprises: a supply pipe for directing a gas flow to a head member; a slot for ejecting the gas flow; and a shroud surrounding the slot, at least part of the supply pipe and at least part of the head member.
  • the shroud directs the ejected gas flow between the shroud and the head member.
  • the shroud prevents the gas flow from being ejected substantially radially from the gas flare. So while the gas flow is still ejected radially from the slot to provide a Coanda effect and aspiration of an ambient air, such gas flow including any liquid progresses only as far as the shroud and adheres to the head member.
  • the safety of the device is improved, since any debris contained in the high-speed gas flow will be contained within the shroud.
  • a shroud for a gas flare the shroud surrounding at least a portion of the gas flare and designed for directing a gas flow ejected from the gas flare to flow between the shroud and the gas flare and for enabling an ambient air flow to be directed to mix with the gas flow ejected from the gas flare.
  • a shroud with an axial airfoil-shaped cross-section with a smooth bottom end and a sharp distal end, so that the air aspired by gas jet coming from a slot is being accelerated from the smooth bottom end to the sharp distal end of the shroud.
  • a method of combusting gas ejected from a gas flare comprising: directing the gas flow using a gas flare having a contoured shape; directing an ambient air flow using a shroud surrounding at least part of the gas flare to flow between the shroud and gas flare; mixing the gas flow with an ambient air flow; and combusting the mixture.
  • the disclosure could be used with other gas flare systems, however, it is particularly advantageous when used in combination with a Coanda-type flare, especially one having a tulip-contoured shape.
  • the Coanda gas flare comprises a stalk-shaped base member connected to a tulip-shaped head member. At least part of the stalk-shaped base member is located within at least part of a supply pipeline defining a first passage therebetween for directing a gas flow towards the head member.
  • the Coanda gas flare further comprises a slot located between the supply pipeline and the head member, substantially adjacent to where the head member is connected to the base member. The slot is surrounded by a shroud defining a second passage therebetween for directing the gas flow substantially around the tulip-shaped head member to be combusted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art Coanda gas flare
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a gas flare according to a one embodiment of the disclosure
  • gas flare In a typical well testing operation a gas flare is used to burn and, thus, dispose waste gas effluent exiting a well test separator that is used to separate a multiphase hydrocarbon effluent into its oil, gas and water components.
  • effluent to be combusted is typically referred to as gas effluent, it should be appreciated that there is still a fraction of liquid that often remains in the gas flow, which is to be combusted. This liquid fraction is especially high during the flowing of high gas rate fluid at the upper operation limit of separator, or flowing bypass separator on gas-condensate wells.
  • the Coanda-type flare is often useful to combust this liquid fraction, since the gas flow ejected from the Coanda-gas flare reaches supersonic speeds. This creates shockwaves, which atomize the liquid fraction in the gas flow into a fine mist that is more easily and completely combusted by the burner flame.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a prior art Coanda flare having a supply pipe 114 connected to a tulip-shaped head member 110 via a base member 112 with pylons.
  • the tulip shape produces the Coanda effect, which is advantageous in that the waste gas flow 116 is directed around the bulge 108 of the tulip which causes an accelerated gas flow in this area and thus produces low pressure.
  • the gas flow is directed, by this low pressure, adjacent to the surface of the tulip-shaped head member, and also causes ambient air flow to be directed toward the low pressure.
  • ambient air flow mixes with the gas flow ejected from a slot 104 of the gas flare, making the mixture 117 even more suitable for combustion by the burner flame at the distal end of the head member 110 .
  • the supply pipe 114 and base member 112 provides a first passageway there between having a particular cross-section through which the high pressured gas 116 flows.
  • This high pressured gas flow would typically come from a well test separator gas outlet or directly from a tested well.
  • the slot 104 defines a second narrower passageway for choking the ejected gas flow between the supply pipe 114 and the head member 110 . Since the second passageway of the slot 104 is narrower, the gas flow is accelerated to sonic speed within the slot, and furthermore (due to expansion along with the tulip) the flow reaches supersonic velocities; this produces shockwaves that help to atomize the liquid droplets entrained by the gas flow. Then, the tulip-shaped head of the Coanda flare causes ambient air flow to mix with the combustible gas flow. This premixing allows achieving a good fuel-oxidant ratio and makes the flame more stable and clean.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a gas flare according to one embodiment of the disclosure described herein.
  • FIG. 2 shows a Coanda gas flare with base member 12 connected to the supply pipe 13 .
  • the base member 12 may be at least partially located within a supply pipe 13 .
  • the base member 12 and supply pipe 13 are shaped so as to define a passageway there between through which the gas flow is directed towards the head member 10 .
  • As the gas flow reaches the head member there is a slot 4 between the supply pipe 13 and the head member 10 and base member 12 .
  • the slot 4 defines a narrowed passageway for accelerating and ejecting the gas flow outside of the gas flare.
  • the directed gas flow is ejected substantially radially from the slot 4 .
  • the gas flare has a shroud 14 which surrounds the slot and a portion of supply pipe and the bottom part 11 of the head member 10 . More specifically, the shroud surrounds and yet is spaced a distance from the slot 4 , to define a further passageway for the gas and aspirated air to flow around the contour of the tulip-shaped head member 10 and to mix with each other,.
  • This allows for shockwaves that aid liquid atomization, but furthermore acts as a shield in preventing particulates in the gas flow from being ejected past the shroud—which may be of danger to working nearby personnel.
  • the containment of the shockwaves within the shroud 14 is partially responsible for the observed noise reduction in the backward direction.
  • the frusto-conical shroud 14 has an airfoil-shaped vertical cross-section with a sharp top edge 15 and a smooth bottom end 16 .
  • This airfoil-shaped geometry of the shroud 14 adds additional functionality to the shroud.
  • the shroud 12 works as an efficient air ejector toward the flow of gas emitted from the slot 4 .
  • the smooth and streamlined geometry of the bottom end of the shroud 14 reduces the drag effects of the inlet air.
  • the reduced area of the cross-section defined by the supply pipe 13 and shroud 14 induces acceleration of the inlet air.
  • the high velocity air flow detaches from the sharp top edge 15 of the shroud 14 and removes the portion of liquid droplets produced by atomization in the slot 4 , that occasionally separate from the main gas stream.
  • top edge of shroud 14 may have a serrated rim 20 .
  • the elements of serrated rim 20 are known in the designing of jet nozzles as tabs (directed inward the streamlining flow) or chevrons (sharp corner of the structure directed outward the flow). The function of this small-scale serration is for the redistribution and better atomization of liquid jets occurring on the inside surface of shroud 14 and for improving the mixing of different flows.
  • tabs Although the geometry of tabs is depicted as small sharp triangles, it should be appreciated that other shapes are possible: polygonal elements, combination of rounded elements with polygons, etc.
  • the shroud 14 is also able to absorb high-frequency noise, bands resulting from the share layer and shockwaves, for example by constructing the shroud with a sound absorption structure (porous material or honeycomb) intermediary layer.
  • a sound absorption structure porous material or honeycomb
  • the flare apparatus is equipped with a back-shield 17 for noise attenuation in the backward direction of the flare apparatus.
  • the back-shield 17 has a slightly concave geometry for improving the air inlet in the annulus defined by the bottom end 16 of the shroud and the back-shield 17 .
  • the back-shield may be flat plate attached to the supply pipe 13 .
  • the back-shield 17 is performed from sound-absorbing materials (similar to materials for shroud 14 ) with a rigid back wall for additional noise redirection towards the flame area.
  • the shroud covers a portion of the Coanda flare and is able to perform multiple functions which improve the flare.
  • the shroud may act as a protective shield to capture any debris (sand, salt deposits, etc.) that is ejected radially from the Coanda slot. It also prevents any gas or liquid from being sprayed radially in the case of an unexpected sudden flow rate spike or high liquid loading that causes the Coanda effect to break down.
  • the directed and accelerated airflow will ensure that any gas or liquid droplets, not following the Coanda profile, will be redirected in an axial direction into the combustion zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US14/421,985 2012-08-16 2012-08-16 Shrouded-coanda multiphase burner Abandoned US20150211735A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2012/000675 WO2014027915A1 (en) 2012-08-16 2012-08-16 Shrouded-coanda multiphase burner

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US (1) US20150211735A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
EP (1) EP2885579B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NO (1) NO2885579T3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
WO (1) WO2014027915A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150316257A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-11-05 Roman Alexandrovich Skachkov Multiphase flare for effluent flow
US20190309942A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 Zeeco, Inc. LOW NOx BURNER AND FLOW MOMENTUM ENHANCING DEVICE
US11067272B2 (en) 2019-04-24 2021-07-20 Cimarron Tandem flare

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105180182B (zh) * 2015-10-13 2017-11-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 放喷气处理用狭长孔燃烧器

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US8857733B1 (en) * 2009-01-14 2014-10-14 Resodyn Corporation Flameless thermal spray system using flame heat source
US20150316257A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-11-05 Roman Alexandrovich Skachkov Multiphase flare for effluent flow
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150316257A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-11-05 Roman Alexandrovich Skachkov Multiphase flare for effluent flow
US20190309942A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 Zeeco, Inc. LOW NOx BURNER AND FLOW MOMENTUM ENHANCING DEVICE
US10920979B2 (en) * 2018-04-06 2021-02-16 Zeeco, Inc. Low NOx burner and flow momentum enhancing device
US11067272B2 (en) 2019-04-24 2021-07-20 Cimarron Tandem flare

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