US20150133911A1 - Fibroid ablation positioning device and methods - Google Patents

Fibroid ablation positioning device and methods Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150133911A1
US20150133911A1 US14/484,438 US201414484438A US2015133911A1 US 20150133911 A1 US20150133911 A1 US 20150133911A1 US 201414484438 A US201414484438 A US 201414484438A US 2015133911 A1 US2015133911 A1 US 2015133911A1
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Prior art keywords
ablation
electrode
probe
electrodes
sensing
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Abandoned
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US14/484,438
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English (en)
Inventor
Kester J. Batchelor
Riyad Moe
Richard Curtis
Nikhil Murdeshwar
Huisun Wang
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Gyrus ACMI Inc
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Gyrus ACMI Inc
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Priority to US14/484,438 priority Critical patent/US20150133911A1/en
Assigned to GYRUS ACMI, INC., D.B.A. OLYMPUS SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES AMERICA reassignment GYRUS ACMI, INC., D.B.A. OLYMPUS SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES AMERICA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MOE, RIYAD, CURTIS, RICHARD, BATCHELOR, KESTER J., MURDESHWAR, NIKHIL, WANG, HUISUN
Publication of US20150133911A1 publication Critical patent/US20150133911A1/en
Priority to US15/894,020 priority patent/US11298183B2/en
Priority to US17/653,200 priority patent/US20220183749A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1477—Needle-like probes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00559—Female reproductive organs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
    • A61B2018/00577—Ablation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00642—Sensing and controlling the application of energy with feedback, i.e. closed loop control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
    • A61B2018/00875—Resistance or impedance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00904—Automatic detection of target tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1425—Needle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/16—Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding
    • A61B2018/162—Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding located on the probe body

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an ablation device, and methods for conducting tissue ablation.
  • Ablation needles are currently used to create large areas of necrotic tissue. They can be used for a number of different surgical applications, for example, base of tongue volume reduction or fibroid and/or tumor ablation.
  • the present disclosure provides an improved ablation needle, and methods for conducting tissue ablation.
  • a method comprising one or more of the following steps: inserting a probe into a first position in an anatomy of the patient, the system being provided with a plurality of electrodes; energizing a first electrode of the plurality of electrodes with a measurement level of power; determining a complex impedance of the patient's anatomy; determining whether the first position is a desired position of the probe for ablating a predetermined portion of tissue of the patient, based on the complex impedance determined; and energizing one of the plurality of electrodes with an ablation level of power, the ablation level of power being higher than the measurement level of power.
  • a method comprising one of more the following steps: inserting a probe into a first position in an anatomy of the patient, the system being provided with a plurality of electrodes; energizing a first electrode and a second electrode of the plurality of electrodes with a measurement level of power, the first electrode being energized in opposite polarity with respect to the second electrode; determining an impedance of the patient's anatomy; determining whether the first position is a desired position of the probe for ablating a predetermined portion of tissue of the patient, based on the impedance determined; and energizing two of the plurality of electrodes with an ablation level of power.
  • a method comprising one or more of the following steps: inserting a probe into a first position in an anatomy of the patient, the system being provided with a plurality of electrodes; energizing a first electrode of the plurality of electrodes with a measurement level of power; measuring a bulk tissue property of the patient's anatomy; determining whether the first position is a desired position of the probe for ablating a predetermined portion of tissue of the patient, based on the bulk tissue property measured; energizing one of the plurality of electrodes with an ablation level of power, the ablation level of power being higher than the measurement level of power; and providing a second electrode of the plurality of electrodes, the second electrode being provided as non-energized and grounded.
  • a method including one or more of the following steps: locating a target object in an anatomy of the patient by performing bioelectrical impedance analysis on the anatomy of the patient, including determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy; positioning a probe in a desired position for ablating the target object, based on the location of the target object determined by the step of locating the target object; and energizing an electrode to an ablation level sufficient to ablate the target object.
  • a method including one or more of the following steps: inserting a probe into a first position in an anatomy of the patient, the system being provided with a plurality of electrodes; energizing a first electrode of the plurality of electrodes with a measurement level of power, the first electrode being provided as coupled with the probe; determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy; determining whether the first position is a desired position of the probe for ablating a predetermined portion of tissue of the patient, based on the complex impedance determined; energizing an ablation electrode of the plurality of electrodes with an ablation level of power, the ablation level of power being higher than the measurement level of power; delivering a source ablation signal from the ablation electrode when the ablation electrode is energized, wherein the ablation electrode is provided as being coupled with the probe, the source ablation signal becoming an ablation return signal; delivering a source measurement signal from the first electrode when the first electrode is energize
  • the invention may be further characterized by one or any combination of the features described herein, such as: wherein one of the plurality of electrodes is provided as an ablation electrode; the method further comprising delivering a source ablation signal from the ablation electrode when the ablation electrode is energized; wherein the ablation electrode is provided as being coupled with the probe; the method further comprising providing the first electrode as being coupled with the probe; the method further comprising delivering a source measurement signal from the first electrode when the first electrode is energized; the source measurement signal being configured to travel through tissue and become a return measurement signal; the method further comprising receiving the return measurement signal through a second electrode of the plurality of electrodes; wherein the source ablation signal becomes an ablation return signal; the method further comprising receiving the ablation return signal through the second electrode; the method further comprising providing the second electrode on a measurement return device that is spaced a distance away from the probe; the method of further comprising providing the second electrode as being coupled with the probe; wherein the source ablation signal becomes an ablation return signal; the
  • FIG. 1A is a side view of a sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1 Ai is a schematic diagram illustrating the principles of complex impedance as understood herein, according to the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1B is a side view of another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1C is a side view of yet another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1D is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2A is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2B is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2C is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2D is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2E is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2F is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2G is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3A is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3B is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3C is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3D is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3E is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3F is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3G is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3H is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3I is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3J is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3K is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3L is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3M is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3N is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3O is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3P is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3Q is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3R is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a monopolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4A is a side view of a sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4B is a side view of another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4C is a side view of yet another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4D is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4E is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4F is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4G is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4H is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4I is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4J is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a table showing additional variants of a sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of monopolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6A is a side view of a sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6B is a side view of another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6C is a side view of yet another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6D is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6E is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6F is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6G is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6H is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6I is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6J is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6K is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6L is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6M is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6N is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6O is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6P is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6Q is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6R is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6S is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6T is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6U is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7A is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7B is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7C is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7D is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7E is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7F is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7G is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7H is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7I is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7J is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7K is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8A is a table showing additional variants of a sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8B is a table showing more additional variants of a sensing and ablation system having a single probe in the form of a bipolar ablation needle, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9A is a side view of a sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9B is a side view of another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9C is a side view of yet another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9D is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9E is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9F is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9G is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9H is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9I is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9J is a side view of still another sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10A is a table showing additional variants of a sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10B is a table showing more additional variants of a sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10C is a table showing even more additional variants of a sensing and ablation system having two probes in the form of bipolar ablation needles, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a method of treating a patient with a bioelectrical system, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a tissue ablation device, system, and method.
  • Various forms of a needle ablation electrode and system are disclosed.
  • Each system has a sensing circuit and an ablation circuit.
  • the sensing circuit is configured to send a measurement signal into a patient's tissue and to measure a bulk tissue property and/or determine impedance, in order to decide whether the probe has been properly placed. Once the probe is properly placed, the tissue can be ablated with the ablation circuit.
  • a sensing and ablation system for treating a patient through bioelectricity is illustrated and generally designated at 20 A.
  • the system 20 A includes a probe 22 in the form of a needle having a pointed distal end 24 .
  • the probe 22 is configured to be inserted into the patient's anatomy for ablation of bodily tissue in the patient's anatomy.
  • the probe 22 may be rigid, malleable, or selectively deflectable.
  • the probe 22 is itself a monopolar ablation electrode that is configured to emit an electric signal for ablation of nearby tissue. Accordingly, the probe 22 is typically placed near tissue for which necrosis or other ablation is desired.
  • monopolar denotes an apparatus bearing an electrode configured to emit an electric signal to pass to a return electrode, wherein the return electrode is located remotely from, or spaced a distance away from the apparatus.
  • bipolar refers to an ablation circuit located on a probe apparatus, wherein each of the electrodes of the bipolar circuit is coupled with the probe apparatus. In the “bipolar” circuit, a signal is sent between two electrodes that are both coupled to a probe device and both are inserted into the patient on the device.
  • the probe 22 has a first electrode 26 A attached to the distal end 24 of the probe 22 .
  • the first electrode 26 A is an active electrode that is coupled with and energized by an electrode energy source. When energized, the power is applied to the electrode.
  • a skin patch electrode 28 in this example is located on the patient's skin (not shown). The first electrode 26 A and the patch electrode 28 make up a sensing circuit.
  • the patch electrode 28 is a neutral electrode that is not configured to be energized by an energy source. In other words, the patch electrode 28 is grounded, or electrically tied to earth.
  • the patch electrode 28 is configured to receive a measurement signal from the first electrode 26 A and conduct data from the measurement signal to determine a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy while the first electrode 26 A is energized.
  • the magnitude of the impedance may be calculated from voltage drop and current.
  • the magnitude of the impedance (or the resistance) is equal to the applied voltage drop divided by the current.
  • Reactance may be calculated based on the frequency and capacitance.
  • the phase angle may be determined based on the relationship between the resistance and the reactance. Different tissues have different electrical impedances and resistances, and as such, a user can know whether the probe 22 is appropriately placed, based on the data collected from the sensing circuit.
  • an impedance such as a complex impedance is determined based on the bulk tissue property or properties measured, such as resistance, reactance, capacitance, and/or inductance.
  • a complex impedance includes resistance and reactance.
  • FIG. 1 Ai illustrates the complex nature of the complex impedance Z.
  • the complex impedance Z is a measure of the overall opposition of a circuit to current, or how much the circuit impedes the flow of current.
  • the complex impedance Z takes into account the effects of capacitance and inductance. The effects of capacitance and inductance vary with the frequency of the current passing through the circuit, and as such, complex impedance Z varies with frequency.
  • the complex impedance Z has a constant component, which may be referred to as Resistance R, or simple impedance.
  • the complex impedance Z also has a Reactance X component, which is the part that varies with frequency due to capacitance and inductance.
  • Total Reactance X is the difference between Capacitive Reactance X C and Inductive Reactance X L .
  • the capacitance and inductance cause a phase shift between the current and voltage.
  • the sensing and ablation system 20 A also includes an ablation circuit, made up of the probe 22 itself and the patch electrode 28 , or another electrode.
  • the ablation circuit may also include the first electrode 26 A.
  • the ablation circuit is configured to deliver a source ablation signal from the probe 22 (or from the first electrode 26 , located on the probe 22 ).
  • the probe 22 (or first electrode 26 ) is configured to deliver the source ablation signal to the patient's tissue, and the source ablation signal is configured to travel through the tissue and become an ablation return signal.
  • the ablation circuit is configured to receive the ablation return signal on the patch electrode 28 (or another electrode) that is disposed a distance away from the probe 22 .
  • the patch electrode 28 receives the ablation return signal as the tissue is ablated by the ablation circuit.
  • the power of the ablation signal is higher than the power of the measurement signal. Accordingly, the measurement signal preferably does not alter the tissue; however, the ablation signal preferably causes necrosis of the tissue.
  • FIG. 1B a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIG. 1A at reference number 20 A is now illustrated at reference number 20 B.
  • the sensing and ablation system 20 B shown in FIG. 1B may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 20 A illustrated in FIG. 1A , except that the first electrode 26 B is illustrated behind the needle portion 30 of the probe 22 . In other words, the first electrode 26 B is located proximally of the needle portion 30 , or closer to a proximal end 32 of the probe 22 than the needle portion 30 .
  • FIG. 1C a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B at reference numbers 20 A and 20 B is now illustrated at reference number 20 C.
  • the sensing and ablation system 20 C shown in FIG. 1C may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 20 A or 20 B illustrated in FIG. 1A or 1 B, except that the first electrode 26 C is illustrated on the side 29 of the needle portion 30 of the probe 22 .
  • FIG. 1D a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 1A , 1 B, and 1 C at reference numbers 20 A, 20 B, and 20 C is now illustrated at reference number 20 D.
  • the sensing and ablation system 20 D shown in FIG. 1D may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 20 A, 20 B, or 20 C illustrated in FIG. 1A , 1 B, or 1 C, except that the first electrode 26 D is illustrated as the needle portion 30 of the probe itself 22 .
  • FIG. 2A a sensing and ablation system is illustrated in FIG. 2A and generally indicated reference number 120 A.
  • both a first electrode 126 A and a second electrode 128 A are located on a probe 122 , which is in the form of a needle having a pointed distal end 124 .
  • the probe 122 of FIG. 2A is configured to be inserted into the patient's anatomy for ablation of bodily tissue in the patient's anatomy, and the probe 122 itself is a monopolar ablation electrode.
  • the first and second electrodes 126 A, 128 A are each attached to the side 129 of the needle portion 130 of the probe 122 , and the first and second electrodes 126 A, 128 A are spaced a distance apart from each other along the length of the side 129 of the needle portion 130 .
  • the first electrode 126 A and the second electrode 128 A make up a sensing circuit.
  • One of the first and second electrodes 126 A, 128 A is an active electrode that is coupled with and energized by an electrode energy source.
  • the other of the first and second electrodes 126 A, 128 A is a measurement return electrode, which is a neutral electrode that is not configured to be energized by an energy source.
  • the measurement return electrode is configured to provide data to the system based on the measurement signal, for determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy while the active electrode is energized, as explained above.
  • the measurement signal is passed between the first and second electrodes 126 A, 128 A.
  • the sensing and ablation system 120 A also includes an ablation circuit, made up of the probe 122 (or one of the electrodes 126 A, 128 A) and another electrode, such as a skin patch electrode (not shown).
  • the ablation circuit is configured to deliver a source ablation signal from the probe 122 or one of the first and second electrodes 126 A, 128 A, which is the ablation active electrode.
  • the ablation active electrode is configured to deliver the source ablation signal to the patient's tissue, and the source ablation signal is configured to travel through the tissue and become an ablation return signal.
  • the ablation circuit is configured to receive the ablation return signal through the ablation return electrode, which may be a skin patch electrode (not shown), by way of example.
  • skin patches 28 are schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1D , which may be used in conjunction with the system 120 A of FIG. 2A .
  • a skin patch may be attached externally to a patient's skin, by way of example.
  • the ablation return electrode receives the ablation return signal as the tissue is ablated by the ablation circuit.
  • FIG. 2B a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIG. 2A at reference number 120 A is now illustrated at reference number 120 B.
  • the sensing and ablation system 120 B shown in FIG. 2B may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 120 A illustrated in FIG. 2A , except that the second electrode 128 B is illustrated behind the needle portion 130 of the probe 122 .
  • the second electrode 128 B is located proximally of the needle portion 130 , or closer to a proximal end 132 of the probe 122 than the needle portion 130 is to the proximal end 132 .
  • FIG. 2C a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B at reference numbers 120 A and 120 B is now illustrated at reference number 120 C.
  • the sensing and ablation system 120 C shown in FIG. 2C may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 120 A or 120 B illustrated in FIG. 2A or 2 B, except that the second electrode 128 C is illustrated on the distal end 124 of the needle portion 130 of the probe 122 .
  • FIG. 2D a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 2A , 2 B, and 2 C at reference numbers 120 A, 120 B, and 120 C is now illustrated at reference number 120 D.
  • the sensing and ablation system 120 D shown in FIG. 2D may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 120 A, 120 B, or 120 C illustrated in FIG. 2A , 2 B, or 2 C, except that the second electrode 128 D is illustrated as the needle portion 130 of the probe itself 122 .
  • FIG. 2E a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2D at reference numbers 120 A- 120 D is now illustrated at reference number 120 E.
  • the sensing and ablation system 120 E shown in FIG. 2E may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 120 A- 120 D illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2D , except that the second electrode 128 E is illustrated on the distal end 124 of the needle portion 130 of the probe 122 and the first electrode 126 E is located proximally of the needle portion 130 , or closer to a proximal end 132 of the probe 122 than the needle portion 130 is to the proximal end 132 .
  • FIG. 2F a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2E at reference numbers 120 A- 120 E is now illustrated at reference number 120 F.
  • the sensing and ablation system 120 F shown in FIG. 2F may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 120 A- 120 E illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2E , except that the first electrode 126 F is located proximally of the needle portion 130 , or closer to a proximal end 132 of the probe 122 than the needle portion 130 is to the proximal end 132 , and the second electrode 128 F is illustrated as the needle portion 130 of the probe itself 122 .
  • FIG. 2G a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2F at reference numbers 120 A- 120 F is now illustrated at reference number 120 G.
  • the sensing and ablation system 120 G shown in FIG. 2G may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 120 A- 120 F illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2F , except that the first electrode 126 G is illustrated as the needle portion 130 of the probe itself 122 and the second electrode 128 G is illustrated on the distal end 124 of the needle portion 130 of the probe 122 .
  • FIGS. 1A-2G illustrated a sensing and ablation system that had only two electrodes for the sensing circuit.
  • a sensing and ablation system is illustrated and generally designated reference number 220 A.
  • both a first electrode 226 A and a second electrode 228 A are located on a probe 222 , which is in the form of a needle having a pointed distal end 224 .
  • the probe 222 is an electrode for an ablation circuit.
  • a third sensing electrode 234 A is also provided on the probe 222 .
  • the probe 222 of FIG. 3A is configured to be inserted into the patient's anatomy for ablation of bodily tissue in the patient's anatomy.
  • the first, second, and third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A are each attached to the side 229 of the needle portion 230 of the probe 222 , and each of the first, second, and third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A are spaced a distance apart from each other along the length of the side 229 of the needle portion 230 .
  • Two of the first electrode 226 A, the second electrode 228 A, and the third electrode 234 A make up a sensing circuit.
  • one of the first, second, and third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A is an active electrode that is coupled with and energized by an electrode energy source.
  • Another of the first electrode 226 A, the second electrode 228 A, and the third electrode 234 A is a neutral electrode that is not configured to be energized by an energy source; the neutral electrode is configured to provide data based on the measurement signal, for determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy while the active electrode is energized, as explained above. (In some variations, an active electrode may also serve as a return electrode).
  • the measurement signal is passed between two of the first, second, and third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 A also includes an ablation circuit, made up of the probe 222 itself (or one of the first, second, or third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A) and a return electrode (not shown), such as the skin patch electrodes 28 previously described.
  • the ablation circuit is configured to deliver a source ablation signal from an ablation source electrode.
  • the ablation source electrode is configured to deliver the source ablation signal to the patient's tissue, and the source ablation signal is configured to travel through the tissue and become an ablation return signal.
  • the ablation circuit is configured to receive the ablation return signal through an ablation return electrode (not shown). Thus, the ablation return electrode receives the ablation return signal as the tissue is ablated by the ablation circuit.
  • the measurement source electrode and the ablation source electrode may be the same electrode of the first, second, and third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A, but they may also be two different electrodes of the first, second, and third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A and the probe 222 .
  • the measurement return electrode and the ablation return electrode may be the same of the first, second, and third electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A, or the ablation return electrode may be another electrode (not shown), for example, a skin patch electrode such as illustrated in FIG. 3H , 3 J, 3 K, or 3 M- 3 R.
  • the measurement circuit has three electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A, two at a time may be used to sense the voltage drop in different areas, for a more fine-tuned estimate of the position of the probe 222 .
  • the measurement circuit may switch between which two of the sensing electrodes 226 A, 228 A, 234 A are used.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 B shown in FIG. 3B may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A illustrated in FIG. 3A , except that the first electrode 226 B is illustrated behind the needle portion 230 of the probe 222 .
  • the first electrode 226 B is located proximally of the needle portion 230 , or closer to a proximal end 232 of the probe 222 than the needle portion 230 is to the proximal end 232 .
  • the second and third electrodes 228 B, 234 B are disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3C a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B at reference numbers 220 A and 220 B is now illustrated at reference number 220 C.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 C shown in FIG. 3C may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A or 220 B illustrated in FIG. 3A or 3 B, except that the first electrode 226 C is illustrated on the distal end 224 of the needle portion 230 of the probe 222 .
  • the second and third electrodes 228 C, 234 C are disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3D a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A , 3 B, and 3 C at reference numbers 220 A, 220 B, and 220 C is now illustrated at reference number 220 D.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 D shown in FIG. 3D may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A, 220 B, or 220 C illustrated in FIG. 3A , 3 B, or 3 C, except that the first electrode 226 D is illustrated as the needle portion 230 of the probe itself 222 .
  • the second and third electrodes 228 D, 234 D are disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3E a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3D at reference numbers 220 A- 220 D is now illustrated at reference number 220 E.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 E shown in FIG. 3E may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 D illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3D , except that the first electrode 226 E is a patch electrode located a distance away from the probe 222 .
  • the second and third electrodes 228 E, 234 E are disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3F a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3E at reference numbers 220 A- 220 E is now illustrated at reference number 220 F.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 F shown in FIG. 3F may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 E illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3E , except that the first electrode 226 F is located proximally of the needle portion 230 , or closer to a proximal end 232 of the probe 222 than the needle portion 230 is to the proximal end 232 , and the third electrode 234 F is located on the distal end 224 of the probe 222 .
  • the second electrode 228 F is disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 .
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 G shown in FIG. 3G may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 F illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3F , except that the first electrode 226 G is located proximally of the needle portion 230 , or closer to a proximal end 232 of the probe 222 than the needle portion 230 is to the proximal end 232 , the second electrode 228 G is disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 , and the third electrode 234 G is the needle 230 itself.
  • FIG. 3H a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3G at reference numbers 220 A- 220 G is now illustrated at reference number 220 H.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 H shown in FIG. 3H may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 G illustrated in FIGS.
  • the first electrode 226 H is located proximally of the needle portion 230 , or closer to a proximal end 232 of the probe 222 than the needle portion 230 is to the proximal end 232
  • the second electrode 228 H is disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222
  • the third electrode 234 H is a patch electrode disposed a distance away from the distal end 224 of the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3I a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3H at reference numbers 220 A- 220 H is now illustrated at reference number 220 I.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 I shown in FIG. 3I may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 H illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3H , except that the first electrode 226 I is the needle portion 230 itself, the second electrode 228 I is disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 , and the third electrode 234 I is disposed on the distal end 224 of the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3J a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3I at reference numbers 220 A- 220 I is now illustrated at reference number 220 J.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 J shown in FIG. 3J may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 I illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3I , except that the first electrode 226 J is disposed at the distal end 224 of the probe 222 , the second electrode 228 J is disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 , and the third electrode 234 J is a patch electrode that is disposed a distance away from the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3K a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3J at reference numbers 220 A- 220 J is now illustrated at reference number 220 K.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 K shown in FIG. 3K may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 J illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3J , except that the first electrode 226 K is a patch electrode disposed a distance away from the probe 222 , the second electrode 228 K is disposed on the side 229 of the probe 222 , and the third electrode 234 K is a patch electrode that is disposed a distance away from the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3L a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3K at reference numbers 220 A- 220 K is now illustrated at reference number 220 L.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 L shown in FIG. 3L may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 K illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3K , except that the first electrode 226 L is disposed proximally of the needle portion 230 of the probe 222 , or closer to the proximal end 232 than the needle portion 230 is to the proximal end 232 , the second electrode 228 L is the needle portion 230 itself, and the third electrode 234 L is disposed at the distal end 224 of the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3M a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3L at reference numbers 220 A- 220 L is now illustrated at reference number 220 M.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 M shown in FIG. 3M may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 L illustrated in FIGS.
  • the first electrode 226 M is disposed proximally of the needle portion 230 of the probe 222 , or closer to the proximal 232 than the needle portion 230 is to the proximal end 232
  • the second electrode 228 M is disposed at the distal end 224 of the probe 222
  • the third electrode 234 M is a patch electrode that is disposed a distance away from the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3N a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3M at reference numbers 220 A- 220 M is now illustrated at reference number 220 N.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 N shown in FIG. 3N may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 M illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3M , except that the first electrode 226 N is disposed proximally of the needle portion 230 , or closer to the proximal end 232 than the needle portion 230 is to the proximal end 232 , and the second and third electrodes 228 N, 234 N are patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the probe 222 and from each other.
  • FIG. 3O a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3N at reference numbers 220 A- 220 N is now illustrated at reference number 220 O.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 O shown in FIG. 3O may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 N illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3N , except that the first electrode 226 O is the needle portion 230 itself, the second electrode 228 O is disposed at the distal end 224 of the probe 220 O, and the third electrode 234 O is a patch electrode that is disposed a distance away from the probe 222 .
  • FIG. 3P a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3O at reference numbers 220 A- 220 O is now illustrated at reference number 220 P.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 P shown in FIG. 3P may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 O illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3O , except that the first electrode 226 P is disposed at the distal end 224 of the probe 222 , and the second and third electrodes 228 P, 234 P are patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the probe 222 and from each other.
  • FIG. 3Q a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3P at reference numbers 220 A- 220 P is now illustrated at reference number 220 Q.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 Q shown in FIG. 3Q may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 P illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3P , except that the first electrode 226 Q is the needle portion 230 itself, and the second and third electrodes 228 Q, 234 Q are patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the probe 222 and from each other.
  • FIG. 3R a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3Q at reference numbers 220 A- 220 Q is now illustrated at reference number 220 R.
  • the sensing and ablation system 220 R shown in FIG. 3R may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 220 A- 220 Q illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3Q , except that all three electrodes 226 R, 228 R, 234 R are patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the probe 222 and from each other. None of the electrodes 226 R, 228 R, 234 R is coupled with the probe 222 .
  • FIGS. 4A-4J illustrate several embodiments of a sensing and ablation system 320 A- 320 J having multiples needles.
  • a sensing and ablation system is illustrated in FIG. 4A and generally indicated reference number 320 A.
  • a first electrode 326 A is located on a first probe 322
  • a second electrode 328 A is located on a second probe 336 .
  • the first and the second probes 322 , 336 are in the form of needles having pointed distal ends 324 , wherein the probes 322 , 336 themselves are ablation electrodes, as described above.
  • the probes 322 , 336 of FIG. 4A are configured to be inserted into the patient's anatomy for ablation of bodily tissue in the patient's anatomy.
  • the first and second electrodes 326 A, 328 A are each disposed at the distal ends 324 of the probes 322 , 336 .
  • the first electrode 326 A and the second electrode 328 A make up a sensing circuit.
  • One of the first and second electrodes 326 A, 328 A is an active electrode that is coupled with and energized by an electrode energy source.
  • the other of the first and second electrodes 326 A, 328 A is a measurement return electrode, which is a neutral electrode that is not configured to be energized by an energy source. (In some variations, an active electrode may also serve as the return electrode).
  • the measurement return electrode is configured to provide data based on the measurement signal, for determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy while the active electrode is energized, as explained above. Thus, the measurement signal is passed between the first and second electrodes 326 A, 328 A.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 A also includes an ablation circuit, made up of at least one of the probes 322 , 336 themselves as the electrode, or one of the first electrode 326 A and the second electrode 328 A.
  • the ablation circuit is configured to deliver a source ablation signal from at least one of the probes 322 , 336 or the first and second electrodes 326 A, 328 A, which is the ablation active electrode.
  • the ablation active electrode is configured to deliver the source ablation signal to the patient's tissue, and the source ablation signal is configured to travel through the tissue and become an ablation return signal.
  • the ablation circuit is configured to receive the ablation return signal through the ablation return electrode, which may be one of the probes 322 , 336 , one of the first and second electrodes 326 A, 328 A, or a skin patch electrode (not shown in FIG. 4A ).
  • the ablation return electrode receives the ablation return signal as the tissue is ablated by the ablation circuit.
  • FIG. 4B a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIG. 4A at reference number 320 A is now illustrated at reference number 320 B.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 B shown in FIG. 4B may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A illustrated in FIG. 4A , except that the second electrode 328 B is illustrated behind the needle portion 330 of the probe 322 .
  • the second electrode 328 B is located proximally of the needle portion 330 , or closer to a proximal end 332 of the probe 322 than the needle portion 330 is to the proximal end 332 .
  • FIG. 4C a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B at reference numbers 320 A and 320 B is now illustrated at reference number 320 C.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 C shown in FIG. 4C may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A or 320 B illustrated in FIG. 4A or 4 B, except that the second electrode 328 C is the needle portion 330 itself of the second probe 336 .
  • FIG. 4D a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A , 4 B, and 4 C at reference numbers 320 A, 320 B, and 320 C is now illustrated at reference number 320 D.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 D shown in FIG. 4D may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A, 320 B, or 320 C illustrated in FIG. 4A , 4 B, or 4 C, except that both the first and second electrodes 326 D, 328 D are illustrated as the needle portions 330 of the probes 322 , 336 themselves.
  • the first electrode 326 D is the needle portion 330 of the first probe 322
  • the second electrode 328 D is the needle portion 330 of the second probe 336 .
  • FIG. 4E a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D at reference numbers 320 A- 320 D is now illustrated at reference number 320 E.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 E shown in FIG. 4E may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A- 320 D illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D , except that the first electrode 326 E is disposed on the side 329 of the needle portion 330 of the first probe 322 , and the second electrode 328 E is disposed on the side 329 of the needle portion 320 of the second probe 336 .
  • FIG. 4F a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4E at reference numbers 320 A- 320 E is now illustrated at reference number 320 F.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 F shown in FIG. 4F may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A- 320 E illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4E , except that the first electrode 326 F is disposed on the side 329 of the needle portion 330 of the first probe 322 , while the second electrode 328 F is a skin patch electrode disposed a distance away from the first and second probes 322 , 336 .
  • FIG. 4G a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4F at reference numbers 320 A- 320 F is now illustrated at reference number 320 G.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 G shown in FIG. 4G may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A- 320 F illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4F , except that both the first and second electrodes 326 G, 328 G are skin patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the first and second probes 322 , 336 and each other.
  • FIG. 4H a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4G at reference numbers 320 A- 320 G is now illustrated at reference number 320 H.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 H shown in FIG. 4H may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A- 320 G illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4G , except that both the first and second electrodes 326 H, 328 H are coupled with the first probe 322 .
  • the first electrode 326 H is disposed proximally of the needle portion 330 , such that the first electrode 326 H is disposed closer to the proximal end 332 of the first probe 322 than the needle portion 330 is to the proximal end 332 .
  • the second electrode 328 H is attached to the distal end 324 of the first probe 322 .
  • FIG. 4I a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4H at reference numbers 320 A- 320 H is now illustrated at reference number 320 I.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 I shown in FIG. 4I may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A- 320 H illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4H , except that both the first and second electrodes 326 I, 328 I are coupled with the first probe 322 , wherein the first electrode 326 I is the needle portion 330 itself and the second electrode 328 I is attached to the distal end 324 of the first probe 322 .
  • FIG. 4J a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4I at reference numbers 320 A- 320 I is now illustrated at reference number 320 J.
  • the sensing and ablation system 320 J shown in FIG. 4J may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 320 A- 320 I illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4I , except that the first electrode 326 J is the needle portion 330 itself of the first probe 322 , and the second electrode 328 J is disposed proximally of the needle portion 330 of the second probe 336 , such that the second electrode 326 J is disposed closer to the proximal end 332 of the second probe 336 than the needle portion 330 is to the proximal end 322 .
  • FIG. 5 Further variations of a two-probe system having first and second electrodes are illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • a sensing and ablation system comprising four electrodes is illustrated and generally designated at 420 A.
  • a pair of ablation potential electrodes 438 A, 440 A are disposed on a probe 422 , which is in the form of a needle having a pointed distal end 424 .
  • the probe 422 is a bipolar ablation device.
  • a non-energized portion 442 separates the pair of ablation potential electrodes 438 A, 440 A.
  • the probe 422 of FIG. 6 A is configured to be inserted into the patient's anatomy for ablation of bodily tissue in the patient's anatomy.
  • the pair of ablation electrodes 438 A, 440 A forms an ablation circuit.
  • the first ablation electrode 438 A of the pair of ablation electrodes 438 A, 440 A delivers a source ablation signal, which travels through tissue near the probe 422 and turns into an ablation return signal, which is received by the second ablation electrode 440 A.
  • the second ablation electrode 440 A delivers a source ablation signal, which travels through tissue near the probe 422 and turns into an ablation return signal, which is received by the first ablation electrode 438 A.
  • each of the ablation electrodes 438 A, 440 A sends an ablation signal into the patient's tissue to ablate the tissue.
  • a single one of the pair of ablation electrodes 438 A, 440 A may send the ablation signal while the other of the pair of ablation electrodes 438 A, 440 A receives the ablation return signal.
  • Another electrode may also serve as the return electrode.
  • a first skin patch electrode 444 A and a second skin patch electrode 446 A make up a sensing circuit.
  • One or both of the patch electrodes 444 A, 446 A sends out a sensing signal that is received by the other of the patch electrodes 444 A, 446 A.
  • at least one of the patch electrodes 444 A, 446 A is an active electrode that is coupled with and energized by an electrode energy source.
  • the receiving patch electrode(s) 444 A, 446 A is configured to provide data based on the measurement signal, for determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy while the active electrode is energized, as explained above.
  • the measurement signal is passed between the patch electrodes 444 A, 446 A.
  • the measurement source electrode and the ablation source electrode and the measurement return electrode and ablation return electrode may be different electrodes or the same electrodes.
  • the pair of electrodes 438 A, 440 A is described as forming the ablation circuit and the pair of electrodes 444 A, 446 A is described as forming the measurement circuit, any of the electrodes 438 A, 440 A, 444 A, 446 A may form a part of the ablation circuit and/or the measurement circuit, if desired.
  • each of the electrodes 438 A, 440 A used in the ablation circuit are coupled with the probe 422
  • each of the electrodes 444 A, 446 A used in the sensing circuit are skin patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the probe 422 .
  • FIG. 6B a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIG. 6A at reference number 420 A is now illustrated at reference number 420 B.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 B shown in FIG. 6B may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A illustrated in FIG. 6A , except that only one of the sensing circuit electrodes is a patch electrode 446 B, while the other electrode 444 B making up the sensing circuit is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the first ablation electrode 438 B.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 B, 440 B remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIG. 6A .
  • FIG. 6C a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B at reference numbers 420 A and 420 B is now illustrated at reference number 420 C.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 C shown in FIG. 6C may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A or 420 B illustrated in FIG. 6A or 6 B, except that the first sensing electrode 444 C is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the second ablation electrode 440 C, where the second ablation electrode 440 C extends to the distal end 424 of the needle portion 430 .
  • the second sensing electrode 446 C is a patch electrode as previously shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B , and the first and second ablation electrodes 438 C, 440 C remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B .
  • FIG. 6D a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A , 6 B, and 6 C at reference numbers 420 A, 420 B, and 420 C is now illustrated at reference number 420 D.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 D shown in FIG. 6D may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A, 420 B, or 420 C illustrated in FIG. 6A , 6 B, or 6 C, except that the first ablation electrode 438 D is also used as the first sensing electrode 444 D in the sensing circuit.
  • the second sensing electrode 446 D is a patch electrode as previously shown in FIGS. 6A-6C , and the second ablation electrode 440 D remains on the distal end 424 of the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6C .
  • FIG. 6E a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D at reference numbers 420 A- 420 D is now illustrated at reference number 420 E.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 E shown in FIG. 6E may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 D illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D , except that the second ablation electrode 440 E disposed at the distal end 424 is also used as the first sensing electrode 444 E in the sensing circuit.
  • the second sensing electrode 446 E is a patch electrode as previously shown in FIGS. 6A-6D , and the first ablation electrode 440 E remains on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6D .
  • FIG. 6F a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6E at reference numbers 420 A- 420 E is now illustrated at reference number 420 F.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 F shown in FIG. 6F may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 E illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6E , except that the first sensing electrode 444 F is disposed on the probe 422 in the area 442 between the first and second ablation electrodes 438 F, 440 F, which are disposed on the probe 422 as illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6E .
  • the second sensing electrode 446 F is a patch electrode as previously shown in FIGS. 6A-6E , which is spaced a distance away from the probe 422 .
  • FIG. 6G a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6F at reference numbers 420 A- 420 F is now illustrated at reference number 420 G.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 G shown in FIG. 6G may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 F illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6F , except that the first sensing electrode 444 G is disposed on the distal tip 424 of the probe 422 , distally of the second ablation electrode 440 G, or farther from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the ablation electrodes 438 G, 440 G are from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 .
  • the second sensing electrode 446 G is a patch electrode as previously shown in FIGS. 6A-6F , which is spaced a distance away from the probe 422 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 G, 440 G remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6F .
  • FIG. 6H a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6G at reference numbers 420 A- 420 G is now illustrated at reference number 420 H.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 H shown in FIG. 6H may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 G illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6G , except that the first sensing electrode 444 H is disposed at the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 , farther from the distal end 424 than the first and second ablation electrodes 438 H, 440 H are from the distal end 424 .
  • the second sensing electrode 446 H is a patch electrode as previously shown in FIGS. 6A-6G , which is spaced a distance away from the probe 422 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 H, 440 H remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6G .
  • FIG. 6I a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6H at reference numbers 420 A- 420 H is now illustrated at reference number 420 I.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 I shown in FIG. 6I may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 H illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6H , except that the first sensing electrode 444 I is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the first ablation electrode 438 I and the second sensing electrode 446 I is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the second ablation electrode 440 I.
  • both first and second sensing electrodes 444 I, 446 I may be located on the same ablation electrode 438 I, 440 I.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 I, 440 I remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6H .
  • FIG. 6J a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6I at reference numbers 420 A- 420 I is now illustrated at reference number 420 J.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 J shown in FIG. 6J may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 I illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6I , except that the first sensing electrode 444 J is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the first ablation electrode 438 J and the first ablation electrode 438 J is used as the second sensing electrode 446 J.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 J, 440 J remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6I .
  • FIG. 6K a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6J at reference numbers 420 A- 420 J is now illustrated at reference number 420 K.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 K shown in FIG. 6K may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 J illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6J , except that the first sensing electrode 444 K is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the first ablation electrode 438 K and the second ablation electrode 440 K is used as the second sensing electrode 446 K.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 K, 440 K remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6J .
  • FIG. 6L a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6K at reference numbers 420 A- 420 K is now illustrated at reference number 420 L.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 L shown in FIG. 6L may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 K illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6K , except that the first sensing electrode 444 L is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the first ablation electrode 438 L and the second ablation electrode 440 L is disposed in the area 442 between the first and second ablation electrodes 438 L, 440 L.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 L, 440 L remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6K .
  • FIG. 6M a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6L at reference numbers 420 A- 420 L is now illustrated at reference number 420 M.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 M shown in FIG. 6M may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 L illustrated in FIGS.
  • first sensing electrode 444 M is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the first ablation electrode 438 M
  • second sensing electrode 446 M is disposed on the distal tip 424 of the probe 422 , distally of the second ablation electrode 440 M, or farther from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the ablation electrodes 438 M, 440 M are from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 M, 440 M remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6L .
  • FIG. 6N a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6M at reference numbers 420 A- 420 M is now illustrated at reference number 420 N.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 N shown in FIG. 6N may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 M illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6M , except that the first sensing electrode 444 N is disposed proximally of the first and second ablation electrodes 438 N, 440 N, or closer to the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the first and second ablation electrodes 438 N, 440 N are to the proximal end 432 .
  • the second sensing electrode 446 N is disposed on the side 429 of the needle portion 430 of the probe 422 on the second ablation electrode 440 N.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 N, 440 N remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6M .
  • FIG. 6O a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6N at reference numbers 420 A- 420 N is now illustrated at reference number 420 O.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 O shown in FIG. 6O may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 N illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6N , except that the first ablation electrode 438 O is used as the first sensing electrode 444 O, and the second ablation electrode 440 O is used as the second sensing electrode 446 O.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 O, 440 O remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6N .
  • FIG. 6P a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6O at reference numbers 420 A- 420 O is now illustrated at reference number 420 P.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 P shown in FIG. 6P may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 O illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6O , except that the first ablation electrode 438 P is used as the sensing electrode 444 P, and the second sensing electrode 446 P is disposed in the area 442 between the first and second ablation electrodes 438 P, 440 P.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 P, 440 P remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6O .
  • FIG. 6Q a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6P at reference numbers 420 A- 420 P is now illustrated at reference number 420 Q.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 Q shown in FIG. 6Q may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 P illustrated in FIGS.
  • first ablation electrode 438 Q is used as the first sensing electrode 444 Q
  • second sensing electrode 446 Q is disposed on the distal tip 424 of the probe 422 , distally of the second ablation electrode 440 Q, or farther from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the ablation electrodes 438 Q, 440 Q are from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 Q, 440 Q remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6P .
  • FIG. 6R a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6Q at reference numbers 420 A- 420 Q is now illustrated at reference number 420 R.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 R shown in FIG. 6R may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 Q illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6Q , except that the first sensing electrode 444 R is disposed proximally of the first and second ablation electrodes 438 R, 440 R, or closer to the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the first and second ablation electrodes 438 R, 440 R are to the proximal end 432 .
  • the second ablation electrode 440 R is used as the second sensing electrode 446 R.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 R, 440 R remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6Q .
  • FIG. 6S a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6R at reference numbers 420 A- 420 R is now illustrated at reference number 420 S.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 S shown in FIG. 6S may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 R illustrated in FIGS.
  • first sensing electrode 444 S is disposed in the area 442 between the first and second ablation electrode 438 S, 440 S
  • the second sensing electrode 446 S is disposed on the distal tip 424 of the probe 422 , distally of the second ablation electrode 440 S, or farther from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the ablation electrodes 438 S, 440 S are from the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 S, 440 S remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6R .
  • FIG. 6T a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6S at reference numbers 420 A- 420 S is now illustrated at reference number 420 T.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 T shown in FIG. 6T may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 S illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6S , except that the first sensing electrode 444 T is disposed proximally of the first and second ablation electrodes 438 T, 440 T, or closer to the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the first and second ablation electrodes 438 T, 440 T are to the proximal end 432 .
  • the second sensing electrode 446 T is disposed in the area 442 between the first and second ablation electrodes 438 T, 440 T.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 T, 440 T remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6S .
  • FIG. 6U a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6T at reference numbers 420 A- 420 T is now illustrated at reference number 420 U.
  • the sensing and ablation system 420 U shown in FIG. 6U may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 420 A- 420 T illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6T , except that the first sensing electrode 444 U is disposed proximally of the first and second ablation electrodes 438 U, 440 U, or closer to the proximal end 432 of the probe 422 than the first and second ablation electrodes 438 U, 440 U are to the proximal end 432 .
  • the second sensing electrode 446 U is disposed at the distal end 424 of the probe 422 , further from the proximal end 432 than the ablation electrodes 438 U, 440 U are from the proximal end 432 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 438 U, 440 U remain on the probe 422 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6T .
  • a sensing and ablation system comprising five electrodes is illustrated and generally designated at 520 A.
  • a pair of ablation potential electrodes 538 A, 540 A are disposed on a probe 522 , which is in the form of a needle having a pointed distal end 524 , similar to the variations shown in FIGS. 6A-6U .
  • the probe 522 is a bipolar ablation device.
  • a non-energized portion 542 separates the pair of ablation potential electrodes 538 A, 540 A.
  • the probe 522 of FIG. 7A is configured to be inserted into the patient's anatomy for ablation of bodily tissue in the patient's anatomy.
  • the pair of ablation electrodes 538 A, 540 A forms an ablation circuit.
  • the first ablation electrode 538 A of the pair of ablation electrodes 538 A, 540 A delivers a source ablation signal, which travels through tissue near the probe 522 and turns into an ablation return signal, which is received by the second ablation electrode 540 A.
  • the second ablation electrode 540 A delivers a source ablation signal, which travels through tissue near the probe 522 and turns into an ablation return signal, which is received by the first ablation electrode 538 A.
  • each of the ablation electrodes 538 A, 540 A sends an ablation signal into the patient's tissue to ablate the tissue.
  • a single one of the pair of ablation electrodes 538 A, 540 A may send the ablation signal while the other of the pair of ablation electrodes 538 A, 540 A receives the ablation return signal.
  • a first sensing electrode 544 A, a second sensing electrode 546 A, and a third sensing electrode 550 A make up a sensing circuit.
  • One or more of the sensing electrodes 544 A, 546 A, 550 A sends out a sensing signal that is received another of the sensing electrodes 544 A, 546 A, 550 A.
  • at least one of the sensing electrodes 544 A, 546 A, 550 A is an active electrode that is coupled with and energized by an electrode energy source.
  • the receiving sensing electrode(s) 544 A, 546 A, 550 A is configured to provide data based on the measurement signal, for determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy while the active electrode is energized, as explained above.
  • the measurement signal is passed between two or three of the sensing electrodes 544 A, 546 A, 550 A.
  • two of the sensing electrodes 544 A, 546 A, 550 A may be used at a time, but the three can be switched among to allow measurement in more than one location.
  • the measurement source electrode and the ablation source electrode and the measurement return electrode and ablation return electrode may be different electrodes or the same electrodes.
  • the pair of electrodes 538 A, 540 A are described as forming the ablation circuit and the electrodes 544 A, 546 A, 550 A are described as forming the measurement circuit, any of the electrodes 538 A, 540 A, 544 A, 546 A, 550 A may form a part of the ablation circuit and/or the measurement circuit, if desired.
  • each of the electrodes 438 A, 440 A used in the ablation circuit are coupled with the probe 422 .
  • the first sensing electrode 544 A is also coupled with the probe 522 and is disposed at the proximal end 532 of the probe 522 , farther from the distal end 524 than the first and second ablation electrodes 538 A, 540 A are from the distal end 524 .
  • the second sensing electrode 546 A is coupled with the probe 522 and is disposed at the distal end 524 of the probe 522 .
  • the third sensing electrode 550 A is a skin patch electrode that is disposed a distance away from the probe 522 , such as on the surface of a patient's skin.
  • FIG. 7B a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIG. 7A at reference number 520 A is now illustrated at reference number 520 B.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 B shown in FIG. 7B may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A illustrated in FIG. 7A , except that the first and second ablation electrodes 538 B, 540 B are used as the first and second sensing electrodes 544 B, 546 B.
  • the third sensing electrode 550 B remains as a patch electrode spaced a distance away from the probe 522 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 B, 540 B remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIG. 7A .
  • FIG. 7C a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B at reference numbers 520 A and 520 B is now illustrated at reference number 520 C.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 C shown in FIG. 7C may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A or 520 B illustrated in FIG. 7A or 7 B, except that the first sensing electrode 544 C is disposed on the side 529 of the needle portion 530 of the probe 522 on the first ablation electrode 538 C and the second sensing electrode 546 C is disposed on the side 529 of the needle portion 530 of the probe 522 on the second ablation electrode 540 C.
  • the third sensing electrode 550 C is a patch electrode as previously shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B , and the first and second ablation electrodes 538 C, 540 C remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B .
  • FIG. 7D a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7C at reference numbers 520 A- 520 C is now illustrated at reference number 520 D.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 D shown in FIG. 7D may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 C illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7C , except that the first sensing electrode 544 D is disposed at the proximal end 532 of the probe 522 , farther from the distal end 524 than the first and second ablation electrodes 538 D, 540 D are from the distal end 524 .
  • the second sensing electrode 546 D and the third sensing electrode 550 D are patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the probe 522 and from each other.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 D, 540 D remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7C .
  • FIG. 7E a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7D at reference numbers 520 A- 520 D is now illustrated at reference number 520 E.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 E shown in FIG. 7E may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 D illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7D , except that the first sensing electrode 544 E is disposed in the area 542 between the first and second ablation electrodes 538 E, 540 E.
  • the second sensing electrode 546 E and the third sensing electrode 550 E are patch electrodes that are disposed a distance away from the probe 522 and from each other.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 E, 540 E remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7D .
  • FIG. 7F a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7E at reference numbers 520 A- 520 E is now illustrated at reference number 520 F.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 F shown in FIG. 7F may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 E illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7E , except that the first sensing electrode 544 F is disposed on the probe 522 at the proximal end 532 of the probe 522 , farther from the distal end 524 than the first and second ablation electrodes 538 F, 540 F are from the distal end 524 .
  • the second sensing electrode 546 F is disposed on the probe 522 in the area 542 between the first and second ablation electrodes 538 F, 540 F, which are disposed on the probe 522 as illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7E .
  • the third sensing electrode 550 F is disposed at the distal end 524 of the probe 522 .
  • FIG. 7G a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7F at reference numbers 520 A- 520 F is now illustrated at reference number 520 G.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 G shown in FIG. 7G may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 F illustrated in FIGS.
  • first sensing electrode 544 G is disposed on the side 529 of the needle portion 530 of the probe 522 on the first ablation electrode 538 G
  • the second sensing electrode 546 G is disposed on the area 542 between the first and second ablation electrodes 538 G, 540 G
  • the third sensing electrode 550 G is disposed on the side 529 of the needle portion 530 of the probe 522 on the second ablation electrode 540 G.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 G, 540 G remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7F .
  • FIG. 7H a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7G at reference numbers 520 A- 520 G is now illustrated at reference number 520 H.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 H shown in FIG. 7H may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 G illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7G , except that the first sensing electrode 544 H is disposed on the side 529 of the needle portion 530 of the probe 522 on the first ablation electrode 538 H, the second ablation electrode 540 H is used as the second sensing electrode 546 H, and the third sensing electrode 550 H is a patch electrode that is spaced a distance away from the probe 522 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 H, 540 H remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7G .
  • FIG. 7I a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7H at reference numbers 520 A- 520 H is now illustrated at reference number 520 I.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 I shown in FIG. 7I may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 H illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7H , except that the first sensing electrode 544 I is disposed on the probe 522 at the proximal end 532 of the probe 522 , farther from the distal end 524 than the first and second ablation electrodes 538 I, 540 I are from the distal end 524 .
  • the second ablation electrode 540 I is used as the second sensing electrode 546 I, and the third sensing electrode 550 I is a patch electrode that is spaced a distance away from the probe 522 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 I, 540 I remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7H .
  • FIG. 7J a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7I at reference numbers 520 A- 520 I is now illustrated at reference number 520 J.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 J shown in FIG. 7J may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 I illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7I , except that the first ablation electrode 538 J is used as the first sensing electrode 544 J, the second sensing electrode 546 J is disposed at the distal end 524 of the probe 522 , and the third sensing electrode 550 J is a patch electrode that is spaced a distance away from the probe 522 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 J, 540 J remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7I .
  • FIG. 7K a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7J at reference numbers 520 A- 520 J is now illustrated at reference number 520 K.
  • the sensing and ablation system 520 K shown in FIG. 7K may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 520 A- 520 J illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7J , except that the first sensing electrode 544 K is disposed proximally of the first and second ablation electrodes 538 K, 540 K, or closer to the proximal end 532 of the probe 522 than the first and second ablation electrodes 538 K, 540 K are to the proximal end 532 .
  • first ablation electrode 538 K is used as the second sensing electrode 546 K
  • second ablation electrode 540 K is used as the third sensing electrode 546 K.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 538 K, 540 K remain on the probe 522 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7J .
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B Further variations of a sensing and ablation system having a sensing circuit with three electrodes and an ablation circuit with two electrodes are illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B .
  • FIGS. 9A-9J illustrate several embodiments of a sensing and ablation system 920 A- 920 J having multiples needles, each having at least two electrodes disposed thereon.
  • FIG. 9A a sensing and ablation system is illustrated in FIG. 9A and generally indicated reference number 620 A.
  • a pair of ablation potential electrodes 638 A, 640 A is disposed on a first probe 622 , which is in the form of a needle having a pointed distal end 624 .
  • another pair of ablation potential electrodes 654 A, 656 A are disposed on a second probe 636 (in the form of a needle having a pointed distal end 658 ), the second probe 636 being spaced a distance away from the first probe 622 .
  • the probes 622 , 636 are bipolar ablation devices.
  • Non-energized portions 642 , 660 separate the pairs of ablation potential electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A, respectively.
  • the probes 622 , 636 of FIG. 9A are configured to be inserted into the patient's anatomy for ablation of bodily tissue in the patient's anatomy.
  • the pairs of ablation electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A form one or more ablation circuits.
  • one or more of the ablation electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A delivers a source ablation signal, which travels through tissue near the probes 622 , 636 and turns into an ablation return signal, which is received by one of the other ablation electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A.
  • at least one of the ablation electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A sends an ablation signal into the patient's tissue to ablate the tissue.
  • a first sensing electrode 644 A is disposed on the first probe 622
  • a second sensing electrode 646 A is disposed on the second probe 636 , wherein the first and second sensing electrodes 644 A, 646 A make up a sensing circuit.
  • One or both of the sensing electrodes 644 A, 646 A sends out a sensing signal, or measurement signal, that is received by the other of the sensing electrodes 644 A, 646 A.
  • at least one of the patch electrodes 644 A, 646 A is an active electrode that is coupled with and energized by an electrode energy source.
  • the receiving sensing electrode(s) 644 A, 646 A is configured to provide data based on the measurement signal, for determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy while the active electrode is energized, as explained above.
  • the measurement signal is passed between the sensing electrodes 644 A, 646 A.
  • the measurement source electrode and the ablation source electrode and the measurement return electrode and ablation return electrode may be different electrodes or the same electrodes.
  • the pairs of electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A are described as forming the ablation circuit and the pair of electrodes 644 A, 646 A is described as forming the measurement circuit, any of the electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A, 644 A, 646 A may form a part of the ablation circuit and/or the measurement circuit, if desired.
  • all of the electrodes 638 A, 640 A, 654 A, 656 A, 644 A, 646 A are coupled with the probe 622 .
  • the first sensing electrode 644 A is disposed on the area 642 between the first and second ablation electrodes 638 A, 640 A.
  • the second sensing electrode 646 A is disposed on the area 660 between the third ablation electrode 654 A and the fourth ablation electrode 656 A.
  • FIG. 9B a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIG. 9A at reference number 620 A is now illustrated at reference number 620 B.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 B shown in FIG. 9B may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A illustrated in FIG. 9A , except that the first sensing electrode 644 B is disposed on the distal end 624 of the first probe 622 and the second sensing electrode 646 B is disposed on the distal end 658 of the second probe 636 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 B, 640 B remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 B, 656 B remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIG. 9A .
  • FIG. 9C a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B at reference numbers 620 A and 620 B is now illustrated at reference number 620 C.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 C shown in FIG. 9C may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A or 620 B illustrated in FIG. 9A or 9 B, except that the second ablation electrode 640 C is used as the first sensing electrode 644 C and the third ablation electrode 654 C is used as the second sensing electrode 646 C.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 C, 640 C remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 C, 656 C remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B .
  • FIG. 9D a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A , 9 B, and 9 C at reference numbers 620 A, 620 B, and 620 C is now illustrated at reference number 620 D.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 D shown in FIG. 9D may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A, 620 B, or 620 C illustrated in FIG. 9A , 9 B, or 9 C, except that both the sensing electrodes 644 D, 646 D are disposed on the first probe 622 .
  • the first ablation electrode 638 D is used as the first sensing electrode 644 D
  • the second ablation electrode 640 D is used as the second sensing electrode 646 D.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 D, 640 D remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 D, 656 D remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A-9C .
  • FIG. 9E a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9D at reference numbers 620 A- 620 D is now illustrated at reference number 620 E.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 E shown in FIG. 9E may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A- 620 D illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9D , except that the second ablation electrode 640 E is used as the first sensing electrode 644 E, and the second sensing electrode 646 E is a patch electrode that is spaced a distance away from the probes 622 , 636 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 E, 640 E remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 E, 656 E remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A-9D .
  • FIG. 9F a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9E at reference numbers 620 A- 620 E is now illustrated at reference number 620 F.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 F shown in FIG. 9F may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A- 620 E illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9E , except that the first ablation electrode 638 F is used as the first sensing electrode 644 F, and the second sensing electrode 646 F is a patch electrode disposed a distance away from the first and second probes 622 , 636 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 F, 640 F remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 F, 656 F remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A-9E .
  • FIG. 9G a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9F at reference numbers 620 A- 620 F is now illustrated at reference number 620 G.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 G shown in FIG. 9G may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A- 620 F illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9F , except that the first sensing electrode 644 G is disposed at the distal end 624 of the first probe 622 , and the second sensing electrode 646 G is a patch electrode that is disposed a distance away from the first and second probes 622 , 636 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 G, 640 G remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 G, 656 G remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A-9F .
  • FIG. 9H a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9G at reference numbers 620 A- 620 G is now illustrated at reference number 620 H.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 H shown in FIG. 9H may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A- 620 G illustrated in FIGS.
  • the first sensing electrode 644 H is disposed at the distal end 624 of the first probe 622
  • the second sensing electrode 646 H is disposed proximally of the needle portion 630 of the second probe 636 , such that the second sensing electrode 646 H is disposed closer to the proximal end 632 of the second probe 636 than the needle portion 630 is to the proximal end 622 .
  • the second sensing electrode 646 H is disposed farther from the distal end 624 of the second probe 636 than the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 H, 656 H are from the distal end 624 .
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 H, 640 H remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 H, 656 H remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A-9G .
  • FIG. 9I a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9H at reference numbers 620 A- 620 H is now illustrated at reference number 620 I.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 I shown in FIG. 9I may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A- 620 H illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9H , except that the first ablation electrode 638 I used as the first sensing electrode 644 I, and the third ablation electrode 654 I is used as the second sensing electrode 646 I.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 I, 640 I remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 I, 656 I remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A-9H .
  • FIG. 9J a variation from the sensing and ablation system illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9I at reference numbers 620 A- 620 I is now illustrated at reference number 620 J.
  • the sensing and ablation system 620 J shown in FIG. 9J may be the same as the sensing and ablation system 620 A- 620 I illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9I , except that the first sensing electrode 644 J is disposed on the side 629 of the needle portion 630 of the first probe 622 on the second ablation electrode 640 J, and the second sensing electrode 646 J is disposed on the side 629 of the needle portion 630 of the second probe 636 on the third ablation electrode 654 J.
  • the first and second ablation electrodes 638 J, 640 J remain on the first probe 622
  • the third and fourth ablation electrodes 654 J, 656 J remain on the second probe 636 , as shown in FIGS. 9A-9I .
  • FIGS. 10A-10C Further variations of a two-probe system having two sets of electrodes on the probe and first and second sensing electrodes are illustrated in FIGS. 10A-10C . Similarly, three or more probes could be used, without falling beyond the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
  • a further aspect of the disclosure provides a method of treating a patient using the ablation device as illustrated in a block diagram of FIG. 11 .
  • the method may include using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for ablation device positioning, power application, and endpoint detection.
  • BIA includes passing a low-level current through tissue and while doing so, measuring the resistance and/or the reactance, phase angle shift, and/or capacitance and inductance to determine an impedance. From the reactance and resistance, a complex impedance can be calculated. The complex impedance of tissue (including resistance, scalar impedance, and phase angle) may be analyzed to determine the type or state of tissue.
  • the method may include using sensors on an ablation device.
  • the sensors may be able to both emit and receive signals of different types.
  • the method includes emitting at least a low level “measurement level” signal and a high level “ablation level” signal.
  • the measurement signal may be applied at about 50 kHz and 800 ⁇ A, by way of example.
  • the ablation signal may be applied at about 400-500 kHz, by way of example.
  • the method may include using one of the sensing and ablation systems 20 A-D, 120 A-G, 220 A-R, 320 A-J, 420 A-U, 520 A-K, 620 A-J described above, or another apparatus.
  • the method may include a step 702 of energizing a first electrode with a measurement level of power.
  • the first electrode that is energized may be a skin patch electrode or an electrode that is coupled to a probe, as described above, by way of example.
  • a probe, such as one of the needle probes above may be inserted into a position within a patient's anatomy.
  • the measurement level of power is an amount sufficient to determine or measure a bulk tissue property, such as voltage drop, capacitance, resistance, reactance, or impedance, but preferably not high enough to significantly alter tissue.
  • a bulk tissue property such as voltage drop, capacitance, resistance, reactance, or impedance
  • an impedance such as a complex impedance is determined based on the bulk tissue property or properties measured.
  • the method may include a step 704 of measuring a bulk tissue property and/or determining an impedance of the patient's anatomy.
  • a complex impedance includes resistance and reactance.
  • the method may further include a step 706 of determining whether the first position of the probe is a desired position of the probe, based on the bulk tissue property and/or the impedance. If the probe is not in a desired position, then probe may then be repositioned. The step 702 of energizing the first electrode with the measurement level of power may then be repeated until it is determined that the probe is in the desired position.
  • the desired position is a position that is desired for ablating tissue in a patient. Based on the impedance determined or the bulk tissue property measured, the operator may estimate whether the probe is in the desired position.
  • the method may include a step 708 of ablating tissue near the probe by energizing an electrode with an ablation level of power.
  • the ablation level may be provided as high enough to ablate tissue, such as a tumor.
  • the electrodes that are energized with the measurement level of power and the ablation level of power may be the same electrode of different electrodes, such as described with respect to FIGS. 1A-10C .
  • the ablation level of power is higher than the measurement level of power.
  • the ablation level of power may be higher by virtue of higher level of driving current, higher level of driving voltage, same voltage and current but a longer duty cycle, a lower instantaneous driving current or voltage but with an even longer duty cycle.
  • the measurement level of power merely causes the electrode to deliver a measurement signal, or a sensing signal, that is directed into the patient's tissue.
  • the sensing signal may be a low level signal that causes no substantial change to the patient's tissue.
  • the sensing signal is sent through the tissue merely to determine the tissue properties so that the operator may know whether the ablation probe has been properly placed to cause tissue ablation.
  • the ablation signal is high enough to cause tissue necrosis, by way of example.
  • the sensing signal is lesser, or lower, than the ablation signal.
  • the impedance may be determined by measuring a property, such as a bulk tissue property, of the patient.
  • the impedance may be determined as a complex impedance, including both resistance (or scalar impedance) and phase angle, by way of example.
  • the method may include additional steps and refinements, as described below.
  • the method may include delivering a source measurement signal from the first electrode when the first electrode is energized, the source measurement signal being configured to pass through tissue and become a return measurement signal, the method may further comprise receiving the return measurement signal through a second electrode of the system.
  • the second electrode may be provided on a measurement return device that is spaced a distance away from the probe, such as a skin patch electrode as shown and described above.
  • the second electrode may be coupled with the probe, for example, in any of the configurations shown and described above wherein the second (or first) sensing electrode is disposed on a probe, or where both the first and second sensing electrodes are disposed on a probe.
  • the method may include delivering a source ablation signal from an ablation electrode (such as one of the electrodes in one of the systems 20 A, 120 A, 220 A, 320 A, 420 A, 520 A, 620 A).
  • the ablation electrode is provided on a probe, as described above.
  • the method may also include delivering a source ablation signal from an ablation electrode (which could be the first electrode or another electrode) when the ablation electrode is energized, the source ablation signal being configured to pass through tissue and become an ablation return signal, the method may further comprise receiving the ablation return signal through an ablation return electrode of the system.
  • the ablation return electrode may be the first electrode, the second electrode, a third electrode, or another electrode, by way of example.
  • the ablation return electrode may be provided on a return device that is spaced a distance away from the probe, such as a skin patch electrode as shown and described above.
  • the ablation return electrode may be coupled with the probe, for example, in any of the configurations shown and described above.
  • the one or more electrodes serving as the source of the measurement signal and the ablation signal are active electrodes, while the return electrodes are neutral electrodes that are not energized.
  • both the source electrodes and the return electrodes are energized, such that the measurement source electrode and the measurement return electrode are energized with opposite polarity to each other.
  • both the ablation source electrode and the ablation return electrode may be energized with opposite polarity to each other.
  • one of the measurement circuit or the ablation circuit may use a neutral return electrode, while the other of the measurement circuit and the ablation circuit has a return electrode that is charged with opposite polarity to the source electrode.
  • a first ablation source signal is delivered from a first ablation electrode
  • a second source ablation signal is delivered from a second ablation electrode.
  • Each ablation signal turns into a return signal, such that the first ablation return signal is received by the second ablation electrode and the second ablation return signal is received by the first ablation electrode.
  • electrons flow from each ablation electron in a single direction at a time. As the signals oscillate between each ablation electrode, the electrons race toward whichever electrode has a more positive terminal.
  • the measurement circuit may operate the same way.
  • the measurement electrodes and the ablation electrodes may be common or different electrodes. For example, when two electrodes are energized with opposite polarity in the measurement circuit, a first measurement source signal is delivered from a first sensing electrode, and a second measurement source signal is delivered from a second sensing electrode. Each measurement signal turns into a return signal, such that the first measurement return signal is received by the second sensing electrode and the second measurement return signal is received by the first sensing electrode.
  • the method may include locating a target object, such as a tumor, fibroid, tissue, or another other portion of a patient's anatomy for which ablation or BIA treatment is desired, in an anatomy of the patient by performing bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) on the anatomy of the patient, including determining a complex impedance in the patient's anatomy.
  • a target object such as a tumor, fibroid, tissue, or another other portion of a patient's anatomy for which ablation or BIA treatment is desired
  • BIA bioelectrical impedance analysis
  • the method may include positioning a probe in a desired position for ablating the target object, based on the location of the target object determined by the step of locating the target object.
  • the method may include switching the sensing between different electrode groups during use of the device.
  • the measurement signal may be sent continuously or non-continuously.
  • the measurement signal may be sent at set intervals, at trigger points (e.g., after another action has occurred), or at surgeon-controlled intervals.
  • the measurement signal could be applied as alternating current (AC) or low level direct current (DC).
  • the DC measurement signals may be used in systems that determine a bulk tissue property such as resistance.
  • An AC signal is used when complex impedance is being determined.
  • the ablation signal is typically applied as AC, but could alternatively be applied as DC in some applications. Either signal could be applied with variable voltage or constant voltage. Typically, the ablation signal is applied with AC at about 400-500 kHz, to prevent muscle cramping.
  • the measurement circuit may provide data for manipulation, and once the data is manipulated, for example, the system may determine an impedance in order to make an estimation regarding device positioning or location/condition of the target object. For example, the system could determine that the probe is in contact with certain tissue and is therefore properly placed (for example, in the middle of a tumor).
  • the factors that the system may analyze may be impedance (reactance and/or phase angle between the output voltage and the output current), the amount of output current flowing through the tissue, resistance, temperature, or a combination thereof.
  • the method may include comparison of whole body values, segmental values, from device to device (in multiple electrode context), probe to patch electrode (ground pad), and/or on the probe alone to provide information to the user about the tissue state and/or probe position.
  • any of the sensing and ablation systems 20 A, 120 A, 220 A, 320 A, 420 A, 520 A, 620 A or variations thereof may be used for the method described therein. Accordingly, in some variations, the measurement and ablation electrodes are common, or the same, and in other variations, different electrodes are used for the sensing circuit than for the ablation circuit.
  • the method may include sending a measurement signal, determining an impedance or a bulk tissue property, and then estimating a position of the probe based on the impedance or bulk tissue property.
  • the signal may be sent as an AC signal or, in cases for determining a simple impedance, a DC signal. If the impedance indicates that the probe is not in the desired location, the probe is moved, and the process is repeated until it is determined that the probe is placed in the desired position. Thereafter, a higher ablation signal is sent to cause tissue necrosis.
  • any numerical values recited in the above application include ail values from the lower value to the upper value in increments of one unit provided that there is a separation of at least 2 units between any lower value and any higher value.
  • the amount of a component or a value of a process variable such as, for example, temperature, pressure, time and the like is, for example, from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended that values such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 etc. are expressly enumerated in this specification.
  • one unit is considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1 as appropriate.

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