US2014809A - Electron discharge tube - Google Patents

Electron discharge tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2014809A
US2014809A US746216A US74621634A US2014809A US 2014809 A US2014809 A US 2014809A US 746216 A US746216 A US 746216A US 74621634 A US74621634 A US 74621634A US 2014809 A US2014809 A US 2014809A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
tube
press
electron discharge
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US746216A
Inventor
Kuhle Wilhelm Eberhard
Prinz Dietrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefunken AG
Original Assignee
Telefunken AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefunken AG filed Critical Telefunken AG
Priority claimed from GB2509535A external-priority patent/GB446231A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2014809A publication Critical patent/US2014809A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
    • H01J21/06—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only
    • H01J21/065—Devices for short wave tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/025—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of glass or ceramic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H01J19/32—Anodes
    • H01J19/34—Anodes forming part of the envelope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/42—Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating of electrodes or of electrode assemblies
    • H01J19/50—Spacing members extending to the envelope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/32—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/84—Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0002—Construction arrangements of electrode systems
    • H01J2893/0003—Anodes forming part of vessel walls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0002—Construction arrangements of electrode systems
    • H01J2893/0005—Fixing of electrodes
    • H01J2893/0008—Supply leads; Electrode supports via rigid connection to vessel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge tubes, more particularly to improvements in the stem and press and the electrode leads of tubes having a metal envelope.
  • the electrode leads are sealed in a glass press which, while a good insulator, is fragile and involves a manufacturing method not particularly suitable where the envelope of the tube is of metal instead of glass.
  • the electrode lead wires are sealed in a combined stem and press of ceramic material, which because of its properties permits a much more simple manufacturing method than when glass is used as the insulating material for supporting the lead wires.
  • the tubular metal envelope In which is closed at one end and also constitutes the anode or plate of the discharge tube, has positioned within it the cathode II, and the grid I2.
  • the electrode leads l3, l4, 15, are sealed in a ceramic insulating member l6 serving as a combined press and stem by means of intermediate glass coatings or tubes l1, l8, and I9 which provide a hermetic or vacuum tight seal around the lead in wires in the press l6 which serves also as a cover or closure for the open end of the anode envelope Ill.
  • the press It has moulded in it a glass tube 20 (Fig, 1) which is provided for exhausting the tube.
  • the exhaust tube or stem 20 It is advisable to protect the exhaust tube or stem 20 from mechanical damage by extending the envelope ID, for example, as shown in Figure 1, beyond the press 16 and filling up the cavity thus formed with an 5 insulating compound l6.
  • the electrode leads are preferably surrounded with insulating sleeves l1, l8, and I9 so that they will not be in direct contact with the cast compound.
  • the press 10 I6 can be provided with an aperture into which the exhaust tube can be inserted, in which case only this recess need be filled with the insulating compound after exhaust.
  • the sealing between the press l6 and the enve- 15 lope I0 is effected by fitting the press l6 supporting the electrode assembly and having a glass coating or collar 2
  • unites the press and envelope.
  • the envelope 25 is provided with a shoulder 26, upon 25 which the press 21 rests, instead of a flared portion into which the press fits as in Figure 1.
  • the press 21 may be sealed to the envelope 25 by a glass collar 29.
  • the anode vessel I may be provided with projections or lugs 23 (Fig. 1) whereby the tube may be fitted into a suitable socket bayonet fashion.
  • ex- 35 haust tube 28 is a metal tube and is joined to the metal anode envelope7 25, preferably at the bottom end, instead of a glass tube imbedded in the ceramic insulating press 16 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the insulating mem- 40 her serving as the stem and press consists of ceramic material whose dielectric loss at radio frequency voltages and currents is less than 0.5%.
  • An electron discharge tube having a tubular metal envelope open at one end, an insulating member of ceramic material fitted into the open end of the envelope for closing the open end of the envelope, and providing a cup-shaped cavity between the insulating member and the open end of the envelope, a layer of glass intermediate the wall of the envelope and the insulating member for sealing the member to the envelope with a vacuum tight fit, lead wires imbedded in said insulating member, electrodes supported on said lead wires within the metal envelope, an exhaust tube imbedded in said insulating member with one end extending into said cup-shape cavity, and a compound for filling the cavity around the lead wires and said exhaust tube for protecting the end of said exhaust tube.
  • An electron discharge tube having a tubular metal envelope open at one end, an insulating member of ceramic material for closing the open end of said envelope and providing a cup-shaped cavity between the insulating member and the open end of the envelope, a layer of glass intermediate the wall of said envelope and the insulating member for sealing the member to the envelope with a vacuum tight fit, lead wires imbedded in the insulating member, a layer of glass intermediate the lead wires and the insulating member to provide a vacuum tight seal, electrodes supported on said lead wires within the metal envelope, an exhaust tube embedded in said insulating member with one end extending into said cup-shaped cavity and a compound for filling the cavity around the lead wires in said 15 exhaust tube for protecting said exhaust tube and lugs extending from the sides or the envelope near one end and adapted to be received in a socket for holding the tube.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)

Description

Sept. 17, 1935. w. E. KUHLE ET AL ELECTRON DI SCHARGE TUBE Filed Sept. 29, 1934 INVENTORS WILHELM EBERHARD KUHLE DIETRICH PRINZ @444 I ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 17, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I 2,014,809 ELECTRON DISCHARGE TUBE Application September 29, 1934, Serial No. 746,216 In Germany October 7, 1933 2 Claims.
This invention relates to electron discharge tubes, more particularly to improvements in the stem and press and the electrode leads of tubes having a metal envelope.
In conventional tubes the electrode leads are sealed in a glass press which, while a good insulator, is fragile and involves a manufacturing method not particularly suitable where the envelope of the tube is of metal instead of glass.
Another disadvantage of a glass press is that at high frequencies, dielectric losses take place in the glass, which under certain conditions may be serious enough to damage the tube. In the conventional tube wide spacing between the different leads and the metal envelope is required for electrical reasons, but this wide spacing is undesirable when working with short waves.
It is therefore an object of our invention to provide an electron discharge tube having a metal envelope with an improved type of stem and press in which the electrode lead wires are imbedded and which is easily formed and attached with a vacuum tight fit to the envelope of the tube.
In accordance with our invention the electrode lead wires are sealed in a combined stem and press of ceramic material, which because of its properties permits a much more simple manufacturing method than when glass is used as the insulating material for supporting the lead wires.
' The novel features which we believe to be characteristic of our invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims, but the invention itself will best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Figure ,1 1 is a longitudinal section of an electron discharge tube made in accordance with our invention and Figure 2 is a longitudinal section, with parts broken away, of a modification of the electron discharge tube shown in Figure 1, and embodying our invention.
In Figure 1, the tubular metal envelope In which is closed at one end and also constitutes the anode or plate of the discharge tube, has positioned within it the cathode II, and the grid I2. The electrode leads l3, l4, 15, are sealed in a ceramic insulating member l6 serving as a combined press and stem by means of intermediate glass coatings or tubes l1, l8, and I9 which provide a hermetic or vacuum tight seal around the lead in wires in the press l6 which serves also as a cover or closure for the open end of the anode envelope Ill. The press It has moulded in it a glass tube 20 (Fig, 1) which is provided for exhausting the tube. It is advisable to protect the exhaust tube or stem 20 from mechanical damage by extending the envelope ID, for example, as shown in Figure 1, beyond the press 16 and filling up the cavity thus formed with an 5 insulating compound l6. When this procedure is followed, the electrode leads are preferably surrounded with insulating sleeves l1, l8, and I9 so that they will not be in direct contact with the cast compound. As an alternative, the press 10 I6 can be provided with an aperture into which the exhaust tube can be inserted, in which case only this recess need be filled with the insulating compound after exhaust.
The sealing between the press l6 and the enve- 15 lope I0 is effected by fitting the press l6 supporting the electrode assembly and having a glass coating or collar 2| around the press into the top end 22 of the envelope which is coned or flared outwardly as is best shown in Figure l 20 and placing this assembly in an annealing furnace operated at a suitably high temperature. The glass collar 2| unites the press and envelope. In the modification shown in Figure 2, the envelope 25 is provided with a shoulder 26, upon 25 which the press 21 rests, instead of a flared portion into which the press fits as in Figure 1. The press 21 may be sealed to the envelope 25 by a glass collar 29.
Especially where small-sized tubes are dealt 30 with, the anode vessel I may be provided with projections or lugs 23 (Fig. 1) whereby the tube may be fitted into a suitable socket bayonet fashion.
In the modification shown in Figure 2 the ex- 35 haust tube 28 is a metal tube and is joined to the metal anode envelope7 25, preferably at the bottom end, instead of a glass tube imbedded in the ceramic insulating press 16 as shown in Figure 1.
According to this invention the insulating mem- 40 her serving as the stem and press consists of ceramic material whose dielectric loss at radio frequency voltages and currents is less than 0.5%. As a result, it is feasible to use tubes of this conr struction for short and even ultra-short waves.
While we have indicated the preferred embodiments of our invention of which we are now aware and have also indicated only one specific application for which our invention may be em- 50 ployed, it will be apparent that our invention is by no means limited to the exact forms illustrated or the use indicated, but that many variations may be made in the particular structure used and the purpose for which it is employed without departing from the scope of our invention as set forth in the appended claims.
What we claim as new is:-
1. An electron discharge tube having a tubular metal envelope open at one end, an insulating member of ceramic material fitted into the open end of the envelope for closing the open end of the envelope, and providing a cup-shaped cavity between the insulating member and the open end of the envelope, a layer of glass intermediate the wall of the envelope and the insulating member for sealing the member to the envelope with a vacuum tight fit, lead wires imbedded in said insulating member, electrodes supported on said lead wires within the metal envelope, an exhaust tube imbedded in said insulating member with one end extending into said cup-shape cavity, and a compound for filling the cavity around the lead wires and said exhaust tube for protecting the end of said exhaust tube.
2. An electron discharge tube having a tubular metal envelope open at one end, an insulating member of ceramic material for closing the open end of said envelope and providing a cup-shaped cavity between the insulating member and the open end of the envelope, a layer of glass intermediate the wall of said envelope and the insulating member for sealing the member to the envelope with a vacuum tight fit, lead wires imbedded in the insulating member, a layer of glass intermediate the lead wires and the insulating member to provide a vacuum tight seal, electrodes supported on said lead wires within the metal envelope, an exhaust tube embedded in said insulating member with one end extending into said cup-shaped cavity and a compound for filling the cavity around the lead wires in said 15 exhaust tube for protecting said exhaust tube and lugs extending from the sides or the envelope near one end and adapted to be received in a socket for holding the tube.
WILHELM EBERHARD KUHLE. DIETRICH PRINZ.
US746216A 1933-10-07 1934-09-29 Electron discharge tube Expired - Lifetime US2014809A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET43118D DE738020C (en) 1933-10-07 1933-10-07 Power supply for a short wave tube
GB2509535A GB446231A (en) 1935-09-09 1935-09-09 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2014809A true US2014809A (en) 1935-09-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US746216A Expired - Lifetime US2014809A (en) 1933-10-07 1934-09-29 Electron discharge tube
US746215A Expired - Lifetime US2018071A (en) 1933-10-07 1934-09-29 Short wave tube

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US746215A Expired - Lifetime US2018071A (en) 1933-10-07 1934-09-29 Short wave tube

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US2014809A (en)
DE (1) DE738020C (en)
FR (2) FR778932A (en)
NL (1) NL39659C (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429955A (en) * 1945-07-06 1947-10-28 Electronic Mechanics Inc Insulating structure
US2431308A (en) * 1941-11-21 1947-11-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangements for insulatingly leading electric conductors through metal casings
US2466565A (en) * 1945-12-11 1949-04-05 Stivin Jiri Discharge device with an outer anode
US2498042A (en) * 1945-11-15 1950-02-21 Kolber Joseph Radio tube package
US2808448A (en) * 1951-02-26 1957-10-01 Csf Glass to metal seal for high-frequency electronic tubes
US2960620A (en) * 1959-09-08 1960-11-15 Rca Corp Stem and envelope for electron discharge devices
US3897615A (en) * 1969-05-17 1975-08-05 Licentia Gmbh Method of manufacturing a glow-discharge tube

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE762234C (en) * 1936-01-09 1952-12-22 Aeg Electrical discharge vessel made of ceramic material
DE744454C (en) * 1936-01-10 1944-01-15 Opta Radio Ag Process for the production of metal discharge vessels, in which the metal base carrying the electrode holder is screwed onto the bulb with the aid of a screw connection
DE763345C (en) * 1936-01-25 1952-04-21 Erich F Huth G M B H Dr Electrical discharge vessel
DE905175C (en) * 1936-03-21 1954-02-25 Erich F Huth G M B H Dr Electrical discharge vessel, especially small electron tubes with metal pistons, and process for their manufacture
DE765033C (en) * 1936-06-19 1953-08-24 Aeg High-performance electron tubes with built-in, vacuum as dielectric having capacitor, especially for short waves
DE869827C (en) * 1936-08-27 1953-03-09 Erich F Huth G M B H Dr Electric discharge vessel with metallic vessel bulb
DE898040C (en) * 1936-09-24 1953-11-26 Siemens Ag Electrical discharge vessel with metallic walls and process for its manufacture
DE741918C (en) * 1937-02-10 1943-12-30 Patra Patent Treuhand Closing body or base made of ceramic building material for electric light bulbs and discharge vessels
DE761474C (en) * 1937-05-14 1953-02-16 Lorenz C Ag Closing body for a discharge vessel made of glass or metal
DE756028C (en) * 1938-02-18 1953-12-14 Telefunken Gmbh Tube arrangement for ultra-short waves
DE743237C (en) * 1938-03-18 1943-12-21 Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel Ultra-short wave tubes
DE911523C (en) * 1938-03-29 1954-05-17 Int Standard Electric Corp Ultra short wave tubes with cooling
DE764607C (en) * 1938-11-19 1954-05-31 Lorenz C Ag Process for the production of electron tubes, in particular metal tubes
DE749736C (en) * 1939-02-25 1944-12-04 Discharge tubes
US2478573A (en) * 1940-11-14 1949-08-09 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electric discharge tube and seal therefor
DE966881C (en) * 1943-11-27 1957-09-12 Siemens Ag Discharge vessel with metal housing
US3207942A (en) * 1960-05-02 1965-09-21 Varian Associates Cavity resonator structure for klystrons

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431308A (en) * 1941-11-21 1947-11-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangements for insulatingly leading electric conductors through metal casings
US2429955A (en) * 1945-07-06 1947-10-28 Electronic Mechanics Inc Insulating structure
US2498042A (en) * 1945-11-15 1950-02-21 Kolber Joseph Radio tube package
US2466565A (en) * 1945-12-11 1949-04-05 Stivin Jiri Discharge device with an outer anode
US2808448A (en) * 1951-02-26 1957-10-01 Csf Glass to metal seal for high-frequency electronic tubes
US2960620A (en) * 1959-09-08 1960-11-15 Rca Corp Stem and envelope for electron discharge devices
US3897615A (en) * 1969-05-17 1975-08-05 Licentia Gmbh Method of manufacturing a glow-discharge tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE738020C (en) 1943-07-31
US2018071A (en) 1935-10-22
NL39659C (en) 1936-12-15
FR778932A (en) 1935-03-26
FR46591E (en) 1936-07-10

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