US2014246A - Permanent waving - Google Patents

Permanent waving Download PDF

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Publication number
US2014246A
US2014246A US641576A US64157632A US2014246A US 2014246 A US2014246 A US 2014246A US 641576 A US641576 A US 641576A US 64157632 A US64157632 A US 64157632A US 2014246 A US2014246 A US 2014246A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
curl
steaming
waving
hair
solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US641576A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hobart N Durham
Jr George B Finnegan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eugene Ltd
Original Assignee
Eugene Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eugene Ltd filed Critical Eugene Ltd
Priority to US641576A priority Critical patent/US2014246A/en
Priority to US664116A priority patent/US1926987A/en
Priority to FR762543D priority patent/FR762543A/fr
Priority to DEB162509D priority patent/DE638453C/de
Priority to US692949A priority patent/US2022657A/en
Priority to GB27647/34A priority patent/GB433351A/en
Priority to GB24515/33A priority patent/GB433290A/en
Priority to GB27412/34A priority patent/GB444757A/en
Priority to FR45295D priority patent/FR45295E/fr
Priority to US14405A priority patent/US2028051A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2014246A publication Critical patent/US2014246A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D4/00—Separate devices designed for heating hair curlers or hair-wavers
    • A45D4/02—Separate devices designed for heating hair curlers or hair-wavers for steep curling, e.g. with means for decreasing the heat
    • A45D4/06—Separate devices designed for heating hair curlers or hair-wavers for steep curling, e.g. with means for decreasing the heat heated by electricity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to new and useful improvements in permanent waving, and more especially to such improvements both in the process and in the instrumentalities for carrying out said improved process.
  • the invention consists in the novel parts, constructions, arrangements, combinations and improvements herein shown and described.
  • Figure l is an elevation, with parts in section, of the embodied instrumentalities applied to 'steaming a tress of living hair;
  • Figure 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an elevation of the mandrel, with parts broken away;
  • Figure 5 is an elevation of the electrolyte carrier and electrode for the interior of the man drel
  • Figure 6 is an elevation ofA a modified form of mandrel
  • Figure 7 is an elevation of the exterior curlsteaming device
  • Figure 8 is a fragmentary elevation of a modied form of the absorbent carrier forthe waving solution
  • Figure 9 is a fragmentary yelevation of a modified form of the inner electrode ofthe outside curl-steaming device
  • Figure 10 is aA diagrammatic view of the heater for the entire curled head
  • Figure 11 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of one form of electrolyte replenisher for the inthe device shown Figure 15 is a fragmentary elevation of the carrier shown in Figure 14.
  • Objects and advantages attained by our invention are the creation of a deep and brilliant wav for both beauty and great permanency; the in- 5 vention attaining these results by adequate and thorough steaming of all parts of the curls, While automatically guarding against damage from injurious o r uncontrolled heat action.
  • Coneurrently with thorough through and through steaming of the curl the invention provides heat action whereby 15 substantially the lowest efiicient temperature is established and maintained, the correct amount of steaming is insured, and all danger of damage to the hair from over-heating or dry-heating is prevented.
  • the invention provides automatic temperature and time control of the heat, inherent in the process and apparatus, and entirely independent of care and vigilance bythe operator. There is thereby insured thorough and adequate steaming with concurrent safeguards against damage.
  • Our invention also effects economy and safety of operation by great simplification of the steaming apparatus and the avoidance therein of high voltages, unnecessarily high temperatures, and by preventing useless, wasteful and annoying radiation.
  • a 'I'he comfort of the customer, an important factor in beauty treatment is greatly enhanced by elimination of the greater part of the weight applied to and carried by the customers head during curl steaming with 35 the usual apparatus; and at the same time great radiation of heat, such as is generated by the usual heating sockets, is largely obviated.
  • the steaming is effected by electrolytic conduction through the Waving solution acting directly adjacent to the-curls; that is, the waving solution for the curl is' electrically 50 vaporized and directly steams the curl.' A low voltage and current only are required, steaming temperature and action are quickly established and maintained, and there is no danger of excessive temperatures.
  • the steaming may be vclosely wardly and from the outside inwardly, the direct heating of the waving solution and direct steaming of the curl thereby,and the means we provide for doing this, being peculiarly adapted and eilicacious in this way to effect the deep, complete and uniform waving entirely through the curl.
  • the electrolytically con-v ducting circuits constitute the inside mounting, or outside wrapping of the curl, and preferably both; and the steam or vapor generated by the current flow in the solution acts directly and immediately to steam the curls.
  • the curls are wound on foraminous mandrels, which are part of an electrolytically conducting circuit, the mandrel being preferably hollow, the electrolyte and an electrode being within the mandrel.
  • the electrolyte and an electrode being within the mandrel.
  • Means are provided, when desired, for replenishing the elec-.- trolyte or ionizing solvent during the steaming, and thus the steaming may be prolonged for a desired period beyond the capacity of the mandrel.
  • the electrolyte is preferably introduced within the mandrel by means of an absorbent member conveniently carried upon the internal conductor or electrode.
  • the steaming of the curls from the exterior inwardly is effected by a device which in its operation and effect is a combined sachet and electrolytic heating device.
  • Its preferred embodiment comprises an impervious flexible metallic outside wrapper for the curl, which is alsov an electrode, with an intermediate layer in which the waving solution is absorbed, and with an interior pervious metallic layer, likewise an electrode.
  • the resistance to electrolytic conduction vaporizes the waving solution and forces it through said pervious layer into the curl.
  • the usual resistance heating sockets, with their great weight, high voltage, excessive 10 and waste radiation are dispensed with, and our novel combined device is practically as simple in construction and of hardly greater weight than the usual sachet.
  • Our entire waving machine or curl steaming 15 device forconcurrentlysteaming all the curls on the head is therefore exceedingly simple, comprising simply a step-down transformer or resistor, a simple bus-banand connectors corresponding to the number of curls, the connectors having simple 2c terminal connections for electrically connecting them tothe mandrels and to the outside steaming devices. Most of the expense, apparatus, weight, heat and other disadvantages of the known waving machines is avoided. 25
  • graduated steaming longitudinally of the curl is effected by varying the supply of the Waving solution lengthwise. This is ypreferably effected by varying the absorbtlve capacity of the 30 solution carrier along the curl.
  • the hair waving solutidn or lotion preferably employed comprises .an ionizing solvent in which is dissolved a volatile hair softening compound with or without the addition of a fixed, and prei- 35 erably neutral salt, or other compound.
  • the ionizing solvent is generally water
  • the volatile hair softening compound dissolved therein may be arnmonia or ammonium carbonate
  • a suitable xed salt is sodium bicarbonate.
  • the use of the 40 fixed salt is not essential, but is often desirable as it increases and maintains the conductivity of the solution.
  • other ingredients such as oils, coloring mattei', perfume and the like maybe added as desired. 45
  • the man- 50 drei has preferably at its lower end 1 means whereby it may be attached to the curl very close toiy the scalp.
  • the upper end 8 of the mandrel is vpreferably open.
  • the waving solution is applied as an electrolyte Within the mandrel, and is converted into steam by the electrolytic action, the steam passing through the openings 6 to steam the curl.
  • an electrolyte absorbing mem- 70 ber l2 is mounted on a metallic support I3, which likewise constitutes one of the electrodes, the metallic mandrel 5 constituting the other electrode.
  • the current passing between the electrodes 5 and i3 and through the waving solution carried by the 75 absorptive member I2 generates steam from the Waving solution, which passing through the openlow voltage and current employed, the ayoidance of excessive temperatures and maintenance of the temperature approximately at the steaming point, and that the current automatically cuts olf whenthe electrolyte becomes exhausted.
  • the invention also provides means for steaming the curl from the exterior inwardly, and preferably in practice the steaming from the inside outwardly, and from the outside inwardly will be concurrently effected.
  • exterior electrolytic conduction steaming means the invention provides as a new article a combined sachet and electrolytically-conducting heating device.
  • it comprises a flexible absorptive Alayer which takes up the waving solution electrolyte, an inner pervious flexible metallic layer, constituting an inner electrode, and
  • the solution-absorbing member I6 may be of flannel, feltI or other suitable material, and attached along one side thereof is a sheet I'I of foil, having a plurality of openings I8 therein through which the steam passes in to the curl.
  • the outerA vlayer or wrapper I9 is preferably of impervious -iiowing downto the scalp. The member I6 being saturated with solution, the device is wrapped about the curl, with the member I'I on the vinside in contact with the curl or with the tape 'Cil 23 which is ⁇ wound about the curl.
  • theabsorbent sheet 20 preferably extends toward the scalp to form an appreciable margin which, when the device is applied to a curl, does not lie between the two electrodes and therefore is practically unheated by passage of current through it as its resistance is much greater than that of the rethe scalp as any heated liquid extruded through the upper part of the absorbent 20 must traverse said cooler margin before escaping toward the scalp.
  • FIG. 9 another form of means for varying the steaming effect longitudinally of the curl from the outside is shown, the effect inthat case being obtained by varying the perviosity of the member I'I longitudinally of itself and of the curl, preferably by varying the area or the relative number of the holes I8.
  • the perviosity of the mandrel may be varied longitudinally of itself, as shown in Fig. 6, and the variably perforated mandrel may be used ⁇ in conjunction with the other devices for giving a variable steaming effect,
  • the waving ysolution electrolyte When current is passed between the inner and outer electrodes; the waving ysolution electrolyte is steamed and passes through the pervious inner be eliminated, in which case the mandrel itself will form the inner electrode for the outer sheet of foil I 9. ⁇ Ordinarily, however, it is preferable to provide the inner sheet of foil II, thereby avoiding wetting of the hair and passage of electric current therethrough.
  • 'I'he exterior steaming device possesses all of the advantages' already set forth in connection with the interior steaming device, and in addition it performs the double function of the usual 10 sachet or lotion-applying means and also does away with the cumbersome resistance coils usually employed to heat and steam the curls by radi- CVI ' ation.
  • a clip 24 may be used about the bottom of the sachet to clamp it about the curl, and a damming washer 25 may be used to insure against hot liquid running down and burning the scalp.
  • the embodiedform of circuit connections are shown in Figs.
  • the strip 32 connects electrically with the binding post 33 for the circuit wire 34.
  • a plurality of spring clips 31 are mounted in the cap 3l, and contact with the exterior electrode I9 30 of the.
  • means are provided, if desired, for replenishing' the electrolyte during the steaming operation to prolong the steaming beyond the period 5 5 permittedv by the capacity of the electrolytic cell itself. It is shown applied to the interiorvof the y mandrel, and as embodied a flexible reservoir 43 is mounted in an upwardly extending mouth or cup-like portion 44 formed in the upper part of 60 the cap 3
  • Fig. 11 is shown another form of replenishing means for the ionizing solvent or electrolyte within thel mandrel 5, in the event it is desired to prolong the steaming operation beyond the direct capacity of the mandrel.
  • an 75 absorbent material is carried within a cup-like member 5I formed in the top of the cap 3
  • a special current-conducting head 52 may be attached to the upper end'of the interior electrode wire I3, and said head may be slotted, as shown at 53, to provide for threading the material 5I) from the cup 5I to the carrier I2. f
  • the wire I3 may be provided with a metallic head which serves as handle for withdrawing and re-inserting the carrier I2.
  • the head 60 is also adapted to form the electrical contact terminal for member I3, being provided with an annular notch or recess 6I which forms a seat for the spring contact members 63 in the cap member 64. It will further be clear that the head 60 acts as a plug to prevent steam from escaping at the outer end of the mandrel.
  • the conoidal base 65 contacts with van insulating gasket 66 of rubber orV the like set into a recess in the cap 64 at the point where it engages the end of the mandrel.
  • the entire heating machine provided by the invention is exceedingly simple and is'shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2.
  • the service circuit 4l and 4B carries usually 110 volts, and a variable voltage stepdown transformer 49 is used to bring down the voltage to about 3 to l2 volts, depending upon the rate of steaming desired.
  • Current at the reduced voltage is supplied to bus bars 5U, and the various circuit wires 34, 4I carry the caps 3
  • Which are attached to the devices applied to the curls are therefore exceedingly light and simple,
  • solution or electrolyte comprises water, ammonia and/or ammonium carbonate
  • At least one electrode is preferably of a metal having a 20 high conductivity in both directions at the elec trede-electrolyte interface.
  • a flexible electrolvtic circuit device comprising an outer metallic an electrolyte absorbing layer and an inn tallic steam pervious layer, and adapted t placed about a curl to steam it by passageof rent through the electrolyte.
  • a curl heating device for the permanent ing oi.' hair including in combination a el absorbent material and a pair ot flexible trici llic electrodes in sheet form, one only of whit.. 50 perforated, said electrodes being attached to the absorbent sheet to place the absorbent material between said electrodes when the pad is Wound about a wound tress of hair.
  • a process of permanently Waving hair including enclosing a wound tress of hair in an absorbent member which has its opposite faces in contact with electrodes and is moistened with a highly conductive solution containing a volatile alkali, passing an electric current through said solution to generate hot, moist alkaline vapor and treating the wound hair with said vapor.
  • a permanent waving machine including in combination a step-down transformer to deliver current at a voltage inherently safe to the human body, a plurality of flexible electrolytically conducting and heating pads supplied with power by said transformer and adapted to be individually wrapped about curls to be waved.
  • the process of permanently waving hair which includes positioning highly-conductive hair Waving solution containing hair softening ingredients directly adjacent to a curl, translating low-voltage electrical energy into heat within the solution by electrolytically conducting lcurrent through said solution and causing the resulting hot moist vapors generated from the solution to act upon the curl.
  • a process of permanently waving hair including passing an electric current through a solution containing a Volatile alkali closely adjacent to a wound tress of hair to generate heat and moist alkaline vapor and treating a wound tress with said vapor to permanently Wave it.
  • a curl heating device for the permanent waving of hair including in combination a sheet of absorbent material and a pair of exible metallic electrodes in sheetform, said electrodes being attached to the absorbent sheet to place the absorbent material between said electrodes when the pad is wound about a Wound tress of hair.
  • a device for permanently waving tresses of hair wound-under tension about a support including curl steaming means comprising an inner electrode sheet, an outer electrode sheet and an electrolyte carrying member positioned between electrodes, the end of the device to be positioned adjacent to the scalp being pliable so that the scalp end of the device may be substantially sealed about the tress of hair between the scalp and the wound portion of the tress.
  • a device for permanently waving tresses of hair wound under tension about a support including curl steaming means comprising an inner electrode sheet, an outer electrode Vsheet and an electrolyte carrying 'member positioned between and in contact with said electrodes, said electrolyte carrier being provided with a margin to be adjacent to the scalp and not in contact with both electrodes so that the margin carries no substantial heating current.
  • a device for permanently'waving tresses of hair wound under tension about a support including curl steaming means comprising an inner electrode sheet, an outer electrode sheet and an electrolyte carrying member positioned between and in contact with said electrodes, said outer electrode being imperforat'e and both electrodes and the carrying member being deformable to tightly 3o enclose the curl.
  • the method of permanently Waving a curl which comprises moistening an absorbent member with electrolytically-conductive liquid, placing said member between and in contact with two pliable electrodes, positioning the member and electrodes about a curl, deforming the member and electrodes to conform to the shape of the curl and to form a vapor chamber about the curl, and contacting the two electrodes to electric circuit 40 terminals of opposite polarities to electrolytically heat and vaporize the liquid in the absorbent member.
  • a device for permanently waving tresses of hair wound under tension about a support including curl-steaming means comprising an inner electrode sheet, an outer electrode sheet and an electrolyte-carrying member positioned between and in contact with said electrodes, all deformable to tightly enclose a curl, and means for contacting the two electrodes to electric circuit terminals of opposite polarities.

Landscapes

  • Hair Curling (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Cleaning And Drying Hair (AREA)
US641576A 1932-11-07 1932-11-07 Permanent waving Expired - Lifetime US2014246A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US641576A US2014246A (en) 1932-11-07 1932-11-07 Permanent waving
US664116A US1926987A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-04-03 Permanent waving apparatus
FR762543D FR762543A (fr) 1932-11-07 1933-09-11 Perfectionnements aux procédés et appareils pour l'ondulation permanente des cheveux
DEB162509D DE638453C (de) 1932-11-07 1933-09-24 Haardauerwellgeraet mit Aussenheizung
US692949A US2022657A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-10-10 Permanent waving heater
GB27647/34A GB433351A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-11-04 Improvements in devices for use in permanent hair waving
GB24515/33A GB433290A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-11-04 Improvements in or relating to permanent hair waving process and apparatus
GB27412/34A GB444757A (en) 1932-11-07 1934-09-24 Improvements in or relating to hair curling apparatus
FR45295D FR45295E (fr) 1932-11-07 1934-10-08 Perfectionnements aux procédés et appareils pour l'ondulation permanente des cheveux
US14405A US2028051A (en) 1932-11-07 1935-04-03 Permanent waving

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US641576A US2014246A (en) 1932-11-07 1932-11-07 Permanent waving
US664116A US1926987A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-04-03 Permanent waving apparatus
US692949A US2022657A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-10-10 Permanent waving heater

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2014246A true US2014246A (en) 1935-09-10

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Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US641576A Expired - Lifetime US2014246A (en) 1932-11-07 1932-11-07 Permanent waving
US664116A Expired - Lifetime US1926987A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-04-03 Permanent waving apparatus
US692949A Expired - Lifetime US2022657A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-10-10 Permanent waving heater
US14405A Expired - Lifetime US2028051A (en) 1932-11-07 1935-04-03 Permanent waving

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US664116A Expired - Lifetime US1926987A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-04-03 Permanent waving apparatus
US692949A Expired - Lifetime US2022657A (en) 1932-11-07 1933-10-10 Permanent waving heater
US14405A Expired - Lifetime US2028051A (en) 1932-11-07 1935-04-03 Permanent waving

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (4) US2014246A (fr)
DE (1) DE638453C (fr)
FR (2) FR762543A (fr)
GB (3) GB433351A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2409018A1 (de) * 1973-02-28 1974-08-29 Bristol Myers Co Dampffrisierstab

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423945A (en) * 1944-11-03 1947-07-15 Technical Products Company Electrolytic steam pad for ironing boards
US2479914A (en) * 1945-10-17 1949-08-23 Cutler Hammer Inc Resistance heater unit for thermal overload devices and method of making the same
DE951660C (de) * 1949-03-19 1956-10-31 Andre Muller Elektrisches Haardauerwellgeraet zur Herstellung von Dauerwellen bei Temperaturen, die 98íÒ nicht ueberschreiten
US2726294A (en) * 1951-01-30 1955-12-06 Health Guardian Corp Devices for giving an alarm upon bed wetting
US2617010A (en) * 1951-08-18 1952-11-04 Schmitz Harry Electrically operated steam generator
US4601299A (en) * 1983-12-19 1986-07-22 Clairol Incorporated Hair setting process and tissue
US5694954A (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-12-09 Habibi; Masood Heated hair curler with adjustable diameter and heating unit therefor
US5890496A (en) * 1995-10-11 1999-04-06 Habibi; Masood Heatable hair curler with adjustable diameter
US5887599A (en) * 1997-09-10 1999-03-30 Habibi; Masood Adjustable hair curler and method of use
US6119702A (en) 1999-02-26 2000-09-19 Habibi; Masood Heated hair styling system
MXPA04008975A (es) * 2002-03-15 2005-06-17 Habibi Masood Dispositivo dentado termico para peinar el cabello y metodo de fabricacion.
USD501275S1 (en) 2003-03-14 2005-01-25 Masood Habibi Toothed heated hair styling device
US7540289B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2009-06-02 Masood Habibi Hair styling device and method of operation
US20080283081A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Masood Habibi Hair styling device
US20080283080A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Masood Habibi Hair styling device
JP2010159254A (ja) 2008-12-16 2010-07-22 L'oreal Sa 加熱機械的緊張化装置を使用した永久再成形法
WO2015106054A1 (fr) 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 Herrild Natalie Dispositif de repassage
EP3104738A1 (fr) * 2014-02-14 2016-12-21 Mirakel Technologies, Inc. Systèmes, dispositifs et procédés de coiffure

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2409018A1 (de) * 1973-02-28 1974-08-29 Bristol Myers Co Dampffrisierstab
US3835292A (en) * 1973-02-28 1974-09-10 Clairol Inc Steam curling iron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB433290A (en) 1935-08-06
GB433351A (en) 1935-08-06
US2028051A (en) 1936-01-14
US2022657A (en) 1935-12-03
FR762543A (fr) 1934-04-12
US1926987A (en) 1933-09-12
DE638453C (de) 1936-11-16
FR45295E (fr) 1935-07-22
GB444757A (en) 1936-03-24

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