US20140345210A1 - Seismic dissipation module made up of compression-resistant spheres immersed in a variable low density material - Google Patents

Seismic dissipation module made up of compression-resistant spheres immersed in a variable low density material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140345210A1
US20140345210A1 US14/359,778 US201214359778A US2014345210A1 US 20140345210 A1 US20140345210 A1 US 20140345210A1 US 201214359778 A US201214359778 A US 201214359778A US 2014345210 A1 US2014345210 A1 US 2014345210A1
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Prior art keywords
seismic
compression
spheres
dissipation module
resistant spheres
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Abandoned
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US14/359,778
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English (en)
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Giuseppe Gentili
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/023—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings and comprising rolling elements, e.g. balls, pins
    • E04B1/985—
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0215—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings involving active or passive dynamic mass damping systems

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns the industry for making seismic isolators, namely devices used for isolating the load-bearing structure of buildings from the effects of an earthquake and consists of a seismic dissipation and isolation panel or module made up of compression-resistant spheres, made of sintered alumina, bound by variable low density substances, polyurethane foams or polystyrene or other similar material, to be used in new buildings by placing it between a reinforced concrete bed to be made on the ground and the foundation structures of the building, so that, in the event of an earthquake, there can be movements of the building independent from those of the ground on which it is built, so absorbing and isolating the seismic wave and therefore reducing the effects on the structures until, in theory, they cancel them.
  • the base of the isolated building can move in all horizontal directions compared to the foundations; therefore, after a movement, it is necessary for the building to return to its original position, if the residual movements are not of small magnitude compared to the building.
  • the base of the building must be provided with suitable re-centring systems, also called auxiliary devices, whose function is to dissipate energy and/or re-centre the system and/or to provide lateral constraint of the structure.
  • Devices that can re-centre the structure and also dissipate energy may include hydraulic devices or devices based on the particular mechanical properties of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA). These materials, typically made up of nickel-titanium alloys, have the ability to “remember” their original shape, which is unusual for other types of materials.
  • SMA Shape Memory Alloys
  • Foundation structures must withstand the effects resulting from the response of the ground and the structures above, without permanent movements that are incompatible with the reference extreme state.
  • the foundation system must be provided with high extensional stiffness in the horizontal plane and with sufficient flexural stiffness.
  • the structural elements of the foundations which must be sized on the basis of the stresses transmitted to them from the structure above, must have non-dissipative behaviour, irrespective of the structural behaviour attributed to the structure bearing down on them.
  • the foundation-isolators-structure system can dissipate the seismic energy of the ground: the dissipation is almost exclusively concentrated in the isolation devices, which dissipate the seismic energy transmitted to them from the foundations at the expense of large plastic deformations, through wide hysteresis cycles.
  • This allows the superstructure to have a response practically in elastic field by remaining almost immobile compared to the motion of the ground. This considerably changes the seismic input, since, by reducing the accelerations transmitted to the building, the response capacity of the structure to the ultimate collapse strength and to the extreme state of damage is considerably raised.
  • these devices In addition to protecting the load-bearing structure, these devices also allow the non-structural parts and all it contains to be protected.
  • this technology allows the prevention of cracks or damage to infills, partition walls, installations/systems or to goods inside buildings, such as museums or libraries, data processing centres, etc. This allows the damage caused to the structures by an earthquake to be minimized or completely eliminated, so maintaining unchanged the activity carried on in it, even after the occurrence of a severe telluric event.
  • the isolated structure behaves almost like a rigid body that tends to remain still compared to the vibrations of the ground.
  • Isolators made of elastomeric material and steel are made up of layers of elastomeric material (natural rubber or suitable artificial materials) alternated with steel plates, having the predominant function of confining the elastomer, and are arranged in the structure so as to withstand the rated horizontal actions and deformations through actions parallel to the position of the layers and of the vertical loads through actions perpendicular to the layers.
  • They are usually of circular design, but can also be made with square or rectangular section. They are characterized by reduced horizontal stiffness, high vertical stiffness and appropriate dissipative capacity.
  • Elasto-plastic isolators are made up of elements that stay elastic when there are just vertical loads but plasticize when there are horizontal actions higher than a set threshold.
  • elasto-plastic isolators Thanks to their high dissipation capacity, elasto-plastic isolators have the task of limiting the transfer of stresses to the substructures, and so guarantee a better response of the entire construction to a seismic event.
  • Sliding or rolling isolators made up respectively of steel and Teflon supports and of supports on roller or spheres, are all characterized by low friction resistance values. Therefore, whereas for elasto-plastic isolators and for those made of elastomeric material and steel, the damping needed to contain the relative movements of the two separate structures is ensured by the strongly hysteretic behaviour of the material with which they are made, for sliding isolators and for rolling isolators, it is necessary to place suitable energy dissipators in parallel.
  • viscoelastic dissipators exploit the viscous behaviour of materials such as plastics, mineral oils and silicone.
  • elasto-plastic dissipators exploit the plasticization of metallic materials to dissipate energy in hysteresis cycles.
  • friction dissipators exploit the friction between suitably treated metal surfaces that slide against each other.
  • elasto-plastic isolators and those made of elastomeric material and steel are particularly vulnerable in the event of fire and must be suitably protected from such an eventuality or used together with devices that can replace them if they are destroyed.
  • the new aseismic marble base is particularly suitable for statues vertically developed that have a very small base and are therefore particularly vulnerable to horizontal seismic actions, which can compromise their balance and cause them to tip over.
  • the rolling mechanical isolators described in patent “MICALI” No. 1146596 are made entirely of steel or other suitable rigid material and each made up of a pair of circular concave elements with a sphere interposed of diameter not less than the sum of the heights of the two concavities.
  • WO 99/07966 discloses a friction ball, made of either plastically deformable homogeneous material (lead, aluminium, brass, iron, steel, etc.) or elastomeric material, which is deformed when it supports a weight; said deformation generating a frictional force which resists rolling motion in the deformed ball.
  • a panel or module to be used in new buildings to be installed between a reinforced concrete bed to be made on the ground and the foundation structures of the building, such as for example a reinforced concrete beam or foundation bed, so that, in the event of an earthquake, there can be movements of the building independent from those of the ground on which it is built, so absorbing and isolating the seismic wave and therefore reducing the effects on the structures until, in theory, they cancel them.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a prefabricated panel or module ( 1 ) made up of spheres ( 2 ), with a pre-set centre-to-centre distance between them that changes depending on the point load (load acting on a single point of the sphere) that it is wished make the sphere support, made of sintered alumina, bound by variable low density substances, polyurethane foams or polystyrene or other similar material ( 3 );
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section:
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of the prefabricated panel or module ( 1 ) in which:
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a prefabricated panel or module ( 1 ) made up of spheres ( 2 ), whose movement capacity is localized inside a circular area ( 9 ) and having a pre-set centre-to-centre distance between them that changes depending on the point load (load acting on a single point of the sphere) that it is wished make the sphere support, made of sintered alumina, bound by variable low density substances, polyurethane foams or polystyrene or other similar material ( 3 );
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section:
  • the polyurethane or polystyrene or other similar material ( 3 ) of the prefabricated module ( 1 ) is used to support the concrete casting of the superstructure in the first 28 days of curing of the said concrete.
  • the sintered alumina with which the spheres ( 2 ) of the prefabricated module ( 1 ) are made is a ceramic material resulting from the sintering of alumina, a substance present in bauxite, consisting of a thermal and mechanical process through which the powdered materials are reduced to a compact mass of a given shape; it combines the advantages of aluminium alloys and of powder metallurgy.
  • the sintered alumina spheres are characterized by very high hardness and compressive strength and therefore high resistance to axial loads, such that laboratory tests show that a sintered alumina sphere, about 5 cm in diameter, subjected to a vertical axial load of 9,000 kg, does not show any plastic effect on its contact surface.
  • the thickness of the prefabricated panel or module ( 1 ) is equal to the diameter of the spheres ( 2 ), (example: 3-5-8 cm, etc.) with a variable surface area that is suitable for transport, (example: 3.00 ⁇ 1.50 m, etc.) or below standard sizes.
  • the sintered alumina spheres ( 2 ) should be covered with a suitable additive on the market, a silicone release agent, to ensure that the polyurethane or polystyrene or other similar material ( 3 ) does not come into contact with the spheres ( 2 ), since these must be allowed the possibility of rotating independently from the structure made of binding material ( 3 ) that surrounds them.
  • the binding material ( 3 ), of the sintered alumina spheres ( 2 ), at low and variable density allows their controlled rotation.
  • the prefabricated module ( 1 ) does not undergo deformations during the earthquake, since the sintered alumina spheres ( 2 ) have high compressive strength and are without plastic consequences; consequently, the response, with dissipative-isolating effect, will always be the same even during the next earthquake shock, without the panel ( 1 ) components ever having to be replaced.
  • normal strength concretes Rck 30 can be used, with usual loads without plastic effects on the concrete due to the sintered alumina sphere ( 2 ) of the isolator (tests carried out in a laboratory).
  • a foundation concrete with suitable strengths will be used.
  • the centre-to-centre distances between the sintered alumina spheres ( 2 ) may, in particular cases, be adapted to the requirements of the weights above so as to optimize the point load on the sphere ( 2 ).
  • the binding material ( 3 ) of the sintered alumina spheres ( 2 ) is shaped in such a way that each sphere ( 2 ) must move inside a localized circular area ( 9 ) that delimits its possibility of movement and, in the same way, allows its controlled rotation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
US14/359,778 2011-11-21 2012-11-19 Seismic dissipation module made up of compression-resistant spheres immersed in a variable low density material Abandoned US20140345210A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMC2011A000066 2011-11-21
IT000066A ITMC20110066A1 (it) 2011-11-21 2011-11-21 Modulo per la dissipazione sismica costituito da sfere resistenti alla compressione immerse in un materiale a bassa densita' variabile.
PCT/EP2012/004798 WO2013075814A1 (fr) 2011-11-21 2012-11-19 Module de dissipation sismique constitué de sphères résistant à la compression immergées dans un matériau de faible densité variable

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US20140345210A1 true US20140345210A1 (en) 2014-11-27

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Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20140345210A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2783057B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014533783A (fr)
CN (1) CN103946468A (fr)
CA (1) CA2856108A1 (fr)
CL (1) CL2014001320A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITMC20110066A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2014005823A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013075814A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9995365B1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-06-12 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method and system for improved semiconductor processing equipment vibration isolation and reduction
US10060501B1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-08-28 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method for improved semiconductor processing equipment tool pedestal/pad vibration isolation and reduction
US10113610B2 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-30 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method for improved semiconductor processing equipment tool pedestal / pad vibration isolation and reduction
CN109811927A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-28 中国矿业大学 一种地震作用下防火隔震支座装置和防火隔震方法
US10480611B2 (en) * 2017-03-28 2019-11-19 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method for improved semiconductor processing equipment tool pedestal / pad vibration isolation and reduction
US20200196758A1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2020-06-25 Paul J. Segas Seismic base isolation system for barrel racks

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITME20130010A1 (it) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-13 Bruno Azzerboni Dissipatori di onde sismiche basati su risonatori interni
WO2015145337A1 (fr) * 2014-03-24 2015-10-01 Chiappini Massimo Fondations composites pour la protection sismique de bâtiments
KR101613399B1 (ko) * 2015-07-19 2016-04-20 장성철 롤링부의 롤링면에 마찰력 강화 코팅을 한 면진구동부
CN111936714A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2020-11-13 达米尔·奥加吉安 地震隔离器和阻尼装置

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US2002934A (en) * 1933-04-10 1935-05-28 George R Collins Building construction
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US4514941A (en) * 1978-05-02 1985-05-07 Manuel Gonzalez Flores Aseismic sliders
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1761659A (en) * 1928-01-18 1930-06-03 Frank D Cummings Building construction
US2002934A (en) * 1933-04-10 1935-05-28 George R Collins Building construction
US2014643A (en) * 1933-08-31 1935-09-17 Jacob F J Bakker Balance block for buildings
US3705558A (en) * 1963-04-24 1972-12-12 Gen Motors Corp Armor
US3904352A (en) * 1974-01-17 1975-09-09 Coors Porcelain Co Assembly and method for supporting ceramics and the like during firing
US4514941A (en) * 1978-05-02 1985-05-07 Manuel Gonzalez Flores Aseismic sliders
US4713917A (en) * 1984-05-11 1987-12-22 Dfc New Zealand Limited Frictional energy absorbing device and/or methods of absorbing energy
US4883250A (en) * 1987-03-12 1989-11-28 Kajima Corporation Vibration-proof and earthquake-immue mount system
US5261200A (en) * 1990-01-20 1993-11-16 Sumitomo Gomu Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Vibration-proofing device
US6220410B1 (en) * 1993-06-02 2001-04-24 Damping Systems Limited Damper
US5564237A (en) * 1993-08-04 1996-10-15 Yoneda; Ryozo Earthquake resisting support construction for structures
US5689919A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-11-25 Kajima Corporation Base isolated building of wind resisting type
US5979127A (en) * 1996-10-04 1999-11-09 Yoneda; Ryozo Earthquake-proof object support device
US5905804A (en) * 1997-03-19 1999-05-18 Lee; Tzu-Min Pad structure for a speaker cabinet
US6123313A (en) * 1997-06-25 2000-09-26 Okumura Corporation Seismic isolation apparatus
US6385918B1 (en) * 1997-07-11 2002-05-14 Robinson Seismic Limited Energy absorber
US6321492B1 (en) * 1997-08-08 2001-11-27 Robinson Seismic Limited Energy absorber
US6085474A (en) * 1998-03-16 2000-07-11 Mizuno; Tsutomu Device for minimizing earthquake shocks to a small building
US6378670B1 (en) * 1998-12-11 2002-04-30 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Sliding member
US20040221529A1 (en) * 2001-04-03 2004-11-11 Zornes David A. Modular building structure
US20050241245A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Chong-Shien Tsai Foundation shock eliminator
US20060000159A1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-01-05 Chong-Shien Tsai Foundation shock eliminator
US20070277464A1 (en) * 2004-10-08 2007-12-06 Showa Co., Ltd. Lining Structure
US20080209852A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-09-04 Sgl Carbon Ag Joining Assembly and Method for Joining Components

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200196758A1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2020-06-25 Paul J. Segas Seismic base isolation system for barrel racks
US9995365B1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-06-12 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method and system for improved semiconductor processing equipment vibration isolation and reduction
US10060501B1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-08-28 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method for improved semiconductor processing equipment tool pedestal/pad vibration isolation and reduction
US10113610B2 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-30 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method for improved semiconductor processing equipment tool pedestal / pad vibration isolation and reduction
US10480611B2 (en) * 2017-03-28 2019-11-19 SK Commercial Construction, Inc. Method for improved semiconductor processing equipment tool pedestal / pad vibration isolation and reduction
CN109811927A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-28 中国矿业大学 一种地震作用下防火隔震支座装置和防火隔震方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2783057A1 (fr) 2014-10-01
JP2014533783A (ja) 2014-12-15
MX2014005823A (es) 2014-10-24
ITMC20110066A1 (it) 2012-02-20
WO2013075814A1 (fr) 2013-05-30
EP2783057B1 (fr) 2015-08-05
CA2856108A1 (fr) 2013-05-30
CL2014001320A1 (es) 2014-11-28
CN103946468A (zh) 2014-07-23

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