US20140150735A1 - Boiler having a fluidized bed heat exchanger - Google Patents

Boiler having a fluidized bed heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140150735A1
US20140150735A1 US14/087,435 US201314087435A US2014150735A1 US 20140150735 A1 US20140150735 A1 US 20140150735A1 US 201314087435 A US201314087435 A US 201314087435A US 2014150735 A1 US2014150735 A1 US 2014150735A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
supporting device
tube
heat exchanger
tubes
vertical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/087,435
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English (en)
Inventor
Florent CARUZZI
Christian Enault
Alain Quaranta
Thierry Guriec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Assigned to ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD reassignment ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ENAULT, CHRISTIAN, Guriec, Thierry, Caruzzi, Florent, QUARANTA, ALAIN
Publication of US20140150735A1 publication Critical patent/US20140150735A1/en
Assigned to GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH reassignment GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F22B31/0092—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed with a fluidized heat exchange bed and a fluidized combustion bed separated by a partition, the bed particles circulating around or through that partition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F22B37/205—Supporting and spacing arrangements for tubes of a tube bundle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a boiler, typically a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB), which comprises a fluidized bed heat exchanger.
  • Circulating fluidized bed boilers include a reactor where the solid particles are fluidized and where chemical reactions and/or combustion reactions can take place.
  • the circulating fluidized regime enhances the mixing of particles along with potential exothermic or endothermic chemical reactions.
  • the operating principle of a fluidized bed heat exchanger is relatively simple: hot solids are brought into a chamber, in which they are fluidized with air or re-circulated flue gas as a slowly bubbling fluidized bed. Heat exchanger elements, often in the form of tube coils following a boustrophedon path, are located inside this fluidized bed and are fed with a coolant fluid.
  • the tube coils have to be maintained by supports. It is known to use a sliding connection with supports allowing differential movements between the tubes and the supports. The drawback of this sliding connection is that gaps and wearing associated therewith may occur.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a boiler having a fluidized bed heat exchanger as to solve the above-described problems.
  • a boiler comprising a fluidized bed heat exchanger, the heat exchanger including a plurality of tubes forming a tube bundle, each tube following a vertical boustrophedon path, the tubes being supported by at least two vertical supporting devices, typically at least two separate vertical supporting devices, placed on both sides of the tube bundle.
  • every vertical supporting device comprises at least two vertical supports for fixing the tubes, typically at least two separate vertical supports.
  • the fixation of the tubes on the vertical supports prevents local vibrations and possible abrasions resulting therefrom.
  • Using at least two supports by device makes it possible to split the amount of efforts.
  • the boustrophedon path of each tube can comprise horizontal portions, two consecutive horizontal portions being linked together by a vertical portion thus forming a bend between the horizontal portions.
  • One supporting device can be located on the left side of the tube bundle and one supporting device can be located on the right side of the tube bundle.
  • the vertical supports can be vertical tubes.
  • the tubes forming the vertical supports can be cooled or uncooled.
  • At least one horizontal portion—preferably each horizontal portion—of each tube of the heat exchanger is preferably fixed to only one vertical support of the supporting device.
  • each tube of the heat exchanger is preferably fixed to only one vertical support of the supporting device.
  • two consecutive horizontal portions of at least one tube—preferably each tube—of the heat exchanger are preferably not fixed to the same vertical support of the supporting device.
  • two consecutive horizontal portions of at least one tube—preferably each tube—of the heat exchanger are preferably not fixed to the same vertical support of the supporting device.
  • each tube of the heat exchanger is preferably fixed to only one vertical support of the supporting device and, for each supporting device, two consecutive horizontal portions of each tube of the heat exchanger are preferably not fixed to the same vertical support of the supporting device.
  • the boiler can comprise a furnace in which combustion of solid particles is sustained and the fluidized bed heat exchanger can be placed outside the furnace.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a boiler according to the invention with a furnace, a separator member and an external dense fluidized bed,
  • FIGS. 2 through 4 are perspective views of a heat exchanger of the external dense fluidized bed
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show fixations of the tubes of the heat exchanger
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 show different fixation embodiments of the tubes of the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a boiler that includes a furnace 1 in which combustion of solid particles is sustained.
  • the top of the furnace 1 is connected to a separator member 2 via an extraction duct 12 which conveys the flue gases and the recycled particles.
  • the separator member 2 e.g. a cyclone, delivers the gas to a flue duct 20 leading off from its top, and it delivers the particles to a recycling duct 23 which leads into an external dense fluidized bed 3 that is placed outside the furnace 1 .
  • the recycling duct 23 is generally provided with a siphon and with lagging.
  • the external bed 3 is provided with a first heat exchanger 3 A, and which, in this example, is in the form of a nest of tubes that zigzag in vertical planes, following a boustrophedon path, so that the long tube segments are preferably horizontal.
  • the first heat exchanger 3 A is fed with a coolant fluid, e.g. water, via an inlet 39 .
  • the outlet 30 of the heat exchanger 3 A can be connected to a second heat exchanger 3 B which can be located in the furnace 1 .
  • the heat exchanger 3 A includes a plurality of tubes 7 (four tubes in this example) zigzagging in a vertical plane.
  • the tubes 7 can be of a square or circular cross-section.
  • the serpentine tubes 7 follow each a boustrophedon path.
  • Boustrophedon is a kind of bi-directional text, mostly seen in ancient manuscripts and other inscriptions. Every other line of writing is flipped or reversed, with reversed letters. Rather than going left-to-right as in modern English, or right-to-left as in Arabic and Hebrew, alternate lines in boustrophedon must be read in opposite directions. The name “boustrophedon” is taken from the Greek language.
  • Two or more distinct supporting devices 41 , 42 separated by an empty space realize the support of the fluidized bed heat exchangers bundle tubes.
  • One device 41 is located on the left side of the exchanger and the other device 42 is located on the right side of the exchanger.
  • Each device 41 , 42 comprises at least two vertical supports 411 , 412 ; 421 , 422 separated by an empty space and which are two close hanger tubes along with alternately welded interference clamps supports, which position can be adapted according to mechanical calculation results.
  • the hanger tubes 411 , 412 ; 421 , 422 may be cooled, as is the case in the High Temperature Superheater (HTS) bundles.
  • the hanger tubes 411 , 412 ; 421 , 422 may be uncooled, as is the case in the Intermediate Temperature Superheater (ITS) bundles.
  • HTS High Temperature Superheater
  • ITS Intermediate Temperature Superheater
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the fixation points 6 between the tubes 7 and the vertical tubes 411 , 412 , 421 , 422 .
  • each horizontal portion of each exchanger tube 7 is preferably fixed to only one vertical tube of the supporting device 41 , 42 . This allows to decrease the bending stresses in the exchanger. Also for a decreasing of the bending stresses, as illustrated in FIG. 6 , for each supporting device 41 , 42 , two consecutive horizontal portions of a tube 7 (i.e. an horizontal portion of the tube placed before one bend of the boustrophedon path and the horizontal portion placed after the bend) are preferably not fixed to the same vertical tube.
  • FIG. 7 A first fixation embodiment which is consistent with these preferred conditions is shown on FIG. 7 .
  • the first supporting device 41 comprises two vertical supports 411 , 412 , i.e. one left support 411 and one right support 412 .
  • the second supporting device 42 comprises two vertical supports 421 , 422 , i.e. one left support 421 and one right support 422 .
  • the tube bundle comprises five tubes 71 to 75 .
  • the tubes 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 follow a boustrophedon path including four bends A,B,C,D.
  • the number of tubes and the number of bends are given by way of example, and a person skilled in the art can choose a different number of tubes and bends.
  • tube 71 i.e. a tube numbered N
  • this tube 71 is connected before the bend A to the right support 412 of the first supporting device 41 and after the bend A to the left support 411 of the first supporting device 41 .
  • the tube 71 is then connected before the bend B to the left support 421 of the second supporting device 42 and after the bend B to the right support 422 of the second supporting device 42 .
  • the same connection mode is then repeated: the tube 71 is connected before the bend C to the right support 412 of the first supporting device 41 and after the bend C to the left support 411 of the first supporting device 41 .
  • the tube 71 is then connected before the bend D to the left support 421 of the second supporting device 42 and after the bend D to the right support 422 of the second supporting device 42 .
  • the tubes 73 and 75 are connected in the same way as for the tube 71 (a tube numbered N).
  • the tubes 72 and 74 are connected in the opposite way, i.e. a connection of a tube N to the right support 412 of the first supporting device 41 is replaced for a tube N+1 by a connection to the left support 411 of the first supporting device 41 and vice versa.
  • a connection of a tube N to the right support 422 of the second supporting device 42 is replaced for a tube N+1 by a connection to the left support 421 of the second supporting device 41 and vice versa.
  • FIG. 8 A second embodiment is shown on FIG. 8 .
  • all the tubes 71 to 75 are connected before the bend A to the right support 412 of the first supporting device 41 .
  • all the tubes 71 to 75 are connected after the bend A to the left support 411 of the first supporting device 41 .
  • all the tubes 71 to 75 are connected before the bend B and after the bend A to the right support 422 of the second supporting device 42 .
  • all the tubes 71 to 75 are connected after the bend B to the left support 421 of the second supporting device 42 .
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show a third and a fourth embodiment, respectively.
  • various configurations can be carried out. These configurations are consistent with the two conditions illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 , i.e. 1) for at least one supporting device, and preferably for both supporting devices, each horizontal portion of an exchanger tube is fixed to only one vertical tube of the supporting device, and 2) for each supporting device, and preferably for both supporting devices, two consecutive horizontal portions of an exchanger tube (i.e. an horizontal portion of the tube placed before one bend of the boustrophedon path and the horizontal portion placed after the bend) are fixed to a different vertical tube of the supporting device.
  • two consecutive horizontal portions of an exchanger tube i.e. an horizontal portion of the tube placed before one bend of the boustrophedon path and the horizontal portion placed after the bend

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
US14/087,435 2012-11-23 2013-11-22 Boiler having a fluidized bed heat exchanger Abandoned US20140150735A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12194042.3A EP2735791B1 (fr) 2012-11-23 2012-11-23 Chaudière comprenant un échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé
EP12194042.3 2012-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140150735A1 true US20140150735A1 (en) 2014-06-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/087,435 Abandoned US20140150735A1 (en) 2012-11-23 2013-11-22 Boiler having a fluidized bed heat exchanger

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20140150735A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2735791B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103836615B (fr)
ES (1) ES2547810T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20150975T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUE025161T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL2735791T3 (fr)
RS (1) RS54251B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107952493A (zh) * 2016-10-14 2018-04-24 阿克森斯公司 用于精确控制温度的传热固体冷却装置，所述装置能够与吸热或放热过程相关联

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9777963B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2017-10-03 General Electric Company Method and system for radial tubular heat exchangers
US10006369B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-06-26 General Electric Company Method and system for radial tubular duct heat exchangers
US9835380B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2017-12-05 General Electric Company Tube in cross-flow conduit heat exchanger
US10378835B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2019-08-13 Unison Industries, Llc Heat exchanger with non-orthogonal perforations

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US826300A (en) * 1904-10-28 1906-07-17 Howard L Wilson Pipe-rack.
US3046957A (en) * 1958-12-10 1962-07-31 Combustion Eng Tubular wall arrangement and support therefor
US3267913A (en) * 1963-08-09 1966-08-23 Kohlenscheidungs Gmbh Apparatus and method for supporting tubes
US3310041A (en) * 1965-08-04 1967-03-21 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator heating gas pass tube support and partition wall construction
US3741174A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-06-26 Babcock & Wilcox Co Tube supports
US4192374A (en) * 1977-02-04 1980-03-11 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Heat exchangers
US4286366A (en) * 1977-12-23 1981-09-01 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for the construction of a baffled heat exchanger
US4307777A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-12-29 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Heat exchanger tube support
US4342360A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-08-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Rod baffled heat exchanger
US4421070A (en) * 1982-06-25 1983-12-20 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Steam cooled hanger tube for horizontal superheaters and reheaters
US4480594A (en) * 1984-02-21 1984-11-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Economizer support
US4706614A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-11-17 Stein Industrie Device for suspending a bundle of horizontal tubes in a vertical plane and method of fabricating the device
US5012767A (en) * 1989-10-03 1991-05-07 Leighton Industries, Inc. Heat exchanger tube spacers
US6003476A (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-12-21 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Boiler having an external dense fluidized bed
US6178926B1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-01-30 Foster Wheeler Corporation Double-fired horizontal tube heater
US6206088B1 (en) * 1997-08-18 2001-03-27 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Heat exchanger system for a boiler having a circulating fluidized bed
JP2003114001A (ja) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-18 Babcock Hitachi Kk 層内伝熱管の支持構造
US20050109494A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-05-26 Williams George J. Heat exchanger tube support
US9488419B2 (en) * 2013-11-12 2016-11-08 Amar Siri Wanni Tube support for vibration mitigation

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US4827723A (en) * 1988-02-18 1989-05-09 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Integrated gas turbine power generation system and process
DE4032973A1 (de) * 1990-10-17 1992-04-23 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Anordnung zum abstuetzen von sich horizontal erstreckenden rohrabschnitten von heizflaechen
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US826300A (en) * 1904-10-28 1906-07-17 Howard L Wilson Pipe-rack.
US3046957A (en) * 1958-12-10 1962-07-31 Combustion Eng Tubular wall arrangement and support therefor
US3267913A (en) * 1963-08-09 1966-08-23 Kohlenscheidungs Gmbh Apparatus and method for supporting tubes
US3310041A (en) * 1965-08-04 1967-03-21 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator heating gas pass tube support and partition wall construction
US3741174A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-06-26 Babcock & Wilcox Co Tube supports
US4192374A (en) * 1977-02-04 1980-03-11 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Heat exchangers
US4286366A (en) * 1977-12-23 1981-09-01 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for the construction of a baffled heat exchanger
US4307777A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-12-29 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Heat exchanger tube support
US4342360A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-08-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Rod baffled heat exchanger
US4421070A (en) * 1982-06-25 1983-12-20 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Steam cooled hanger tube for horizontal superheaters and reheaters
US4706614A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-11-17 Stein Industrie Device for suspending a bundle of horizontal tubes in a vertical plane and method of fabricating the device
US4480594A (en) * 1984-02-21 1984-11-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Economizer support
US5012767A (en) * 1989-10-03 1991-05-07 Leighton Industries, Inc. Heat exchanger tube spacers
US6003476A (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-12-21 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Boiler having an external dense fluidized bed
US6206088B1 (en) * 1997-08-18 2001-03-27 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Heat exchanger system for a boiler having a circulating fluidized bed
US6178926B1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-01-30 Foster Wheeler Corporation Double-fired horizontal tube heater
JP2003114001A (ja) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-18 Babcock Hitachi Kk 層内伝熱管の支持構造
US20050109494A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-05-26 Williams George J. Heat exchanger tube support
US9488419B2 (en) * 2013-11-12 2016-11-08 Amar Siri Wanni Tube support for vibration mitigation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107952493A (zh) * 2016-10-14 2018-04-24 阿克森斯公司 用于精确控制温度的传热固体冷却装置，所述装置能够与吸热或放热过程相关联
US10377955B2 (en) * 2016-10-14 2019-08-13 Axens Device for cooling heat transfer solid for precisely controlling the temperature, said device optionally being associated with an endothermic or exothermic process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103836615A (zh) 2014-06-04
RS54251B1 (en) 2016-02-29
EP2735791B1 (fr) 2015-07-29
PL2735791T3 (pl) 2015-12-31
CN103836615B (zh) 2017-01-18
HRP20150975T1 (hr) 2015-10-09
ES2547810T3 (es) 2015-10-08
HUE025161T2 (en) 2016-04-28
EP2735791A1 (fr) 2014-05-28

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Owner name: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD, SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CARUZZI, FLORENT;ENAULT, CHRISTIAN;QUARANTA, ALAIN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20131127 TO 20131129;REEL/FRAME:031714/0966

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Effective date: 20151102

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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