US20140083835A1 - Production of hydrocarbons from pyrolysis of tyres - Google Patents

Production of hydrocarbons from pyrolysis of tyres Download PDF

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US20140083835A1
US20140083835A1 US14/007,343 US201214007343A US2014083835A1 US 20140083835 A1 US20140083835 A1 US 20140083835A1 US 201214007343 A US201214007343 A US 201214007343A US 2014083835 A1 US2014083835 A1 US 2014083835A1
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pyrolysis
weight
hydrocarbons
fraction
process according
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Inventor
Piero Frediani
Luca Rosi
Marco Frediani
Andrea Undri
Silvio Occhialini
Stefano Meini
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COOPERATIVA AUTOTRASPORTATORI FIORENTINI CAF -SOCIETA COOPERATIVA A RL
COOPERATIVA AUTOTRASPORTATORI FIORENTINI CAF-SOCIETA'COOPERATIVA ARL
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COOPERATIVA AUTOTRASPORTATORI FIORENTINI CAF-SOCIETA'COOPERATIVA ARL
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Assigned to COOPERATIVA AUTOTRASPORTATORI FIORENTINI C.A.F. -SOCIETA COOPERATIVA A R.L. reassignment COOPERATIVA AUTOTRASPORTATORI FIORENTINI C.A.F. -SOCIETA COOPERATIVA A R.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FREDIANI, Marco, FREDIANI, Piero, MEINI, Stefano, OCCHIALINI, Silvio, ROSI, Luca, UNDRI, Andrea
Publication of US20140083835A1 publication Critical patent/US20140083835A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G15/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
    • C10G15/08—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/201—Impurities
    • C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/301—Boiling range
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of recycling methods of plastic materials, in particular to the recycle of tyres.
  • the PFU whole or cut, in fragmented form or pressed, can be used in engineering works for many applications, such as: roads (asphalts, where the granules improve the mechanical strength, reduces noise and eliminates the phenomenon of aquaplaning); underground and tramways (for the production of anti-vibrating items) street furniture (kerbs for flower-beds, lane bollards, bike paths, parking, playground areas), sports (artificial turf soccer fields, sports flooring for athletic tracks).
  • roads asphalts, where the granules improve the mechanical strength, reduces noise and eliminates the phenomenon of aquaplaning
  • underground and tramways for the production of anti-vibrating items
  • street furniture kerbs for flower-beds, lane bollards, bike paths, parking, playground areas
  • sports artificial turf soccer fields, sports flooring for athletic tracks.
  • the pyrolysis process consists in heating of the charge, under strong defect or absence of oxygen, at temperatures of 250 to 1,000° C.
  • the materials making up the PFU undergo a thermal degradation, giving rise to a solid residue (of carbon nature), a liquid product (pyrolysis oil), and a mixture of gaseous products, in varying proportions depending on the operating conditions.
  • pyrolysis products can be used in turn as power for plants that use combustion processes, but much more attractive is the possibility to use them as secondary raw materials for other processes (pyrolysis oils, for example, may be introduced as power in an oil refinery). Notwithstanding that currently it concerns marginal applications, the pyrolysis processes are promising solutions both in view of the disposal of the PFU, and for the recovery of materials that constitute them.
  • the present patent application relates to researching of new and more efficient methods for recycling and reuse of plastic materials and end-of-use tyres, which, as first objective, has the production of hydrocarbons.
  • the process of the PFU pyrolysis is carried out generally in a range of temperatures comprised between 250° C. and 1,000° C., and is highly endothermic, with typical energy absorption of 4.0 to 5.7 MJ/kg of rubber (Piskorz, et al. 1999).
  • the tyre compound as already mentioned, is decomposed and converted to products with lower molecular weight (generally a gaseous mixture and a liquid) and a solid residue, consisting mainly of carbon, inorganic ash and non volatizable structural materials (steel).
  • the gaseous mixture mainly composed of H 2 , H 2 S, CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , and butanes, is characterised by a good heat power (68 to 84 MJ/m 3 ) (De Marco Rodriguez, et al. 2001) and can be used as fuel in the pyrolysis process thereof, or as an energy source in other processes (Kyari, Cunliffe and Williams 2005).
  • the liquid product is deemed the most interesting: it is a complex mixture of organic compounds that can be used directly as fuel, as supply in an oil refinery, or as a resource from which to isolate the prevalent compounds (single ring aromatic hydrocarbons and limonene).
  • the solid residue consists substantially of carbon (black carbon) and from mineral chargers, and may be used as reinforcing article in the tyre industry (in substitution of virgin black carbon), such as activated charcoal (adsorbent) or as smokeless fuel.
  • the variability of the obtainable products, in terms of yield, by the PFU induction heating has been studied extensively by many authors.
  • the liquid fraction is the product of the PFU pyrolysis deemed more significant in the industry, so that, to a great extent, the research was dedicated to the development of processes wherein the yield in the condensable phase is maximum. Many authors agree that the maximum oil yield is to be found in the range 40 to 58% by weight, when the process is carried out in the range 450 to 550° C.
  • the yield in the liquid phase increases, since with a time of stay in the elevated reactor occur cracking processes that increase yield in the gaseous and solid products.
  • the liquid fractions appear as complex mixtures of organic compounds comprised between C 6 and C 24 , the composition of which is generally characterised through GC-MS analysis and M F Laresgoiti, et al., 2004 can be cited by way of example, who have characterised through GC the content of the liquid fractions obtained by pyrolysis experiments carried out in an autoclave with a heating rate of 15° C./min, upon variation of the final temperature (300 to 700° C.).
  • the compositional variations are not too wide as a function of the temperature at which the pyrolysis experiment was carried out.
  • the prevalent substances are toluene, xylene, limonene, benzene, etc., and hydrocarbons with a moderate commercial value.
  • the mixtures also contain styrene, ethyl benzene, indene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
  • PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
  • the distillation of the PFU pyrolysis oils leads into obtaining at least two fractions with characteristics that may be referred to petroleum products commonly available on the market: the most volatile component (up to 30% by weight) is characterised by boiling points comprised within the range of 70 to 210° C., a feature of the commercial gas lines (De Marco Rodriguez, et al. 2001). About 60% of pyrolysis oil is instead characterised by boiling points comprised within the range of 150 to 370° C., a range characteristic of diesel oil or heavy naphtas.
  • the heat power (De Marco Rodriguez, et al. 2001) of the liquid fraction is 43.11 to 44.78 MJ/Kg, therefore even better than that of the commercial fuel oil.
  • the presence of a material able of absorbing the microwaves is essential in a charge undergoing a pyrolysis treatment with microwave heating.
  • Carbon black is a material that, in the tyres undergoing treatment, absorbs microwaves and transmits heat to the pyrolisable component, constituting the compound.
  • V M % Mean percentage pyrolysis rate
  • V M ⁇ ⁇ % 100 ⁇ ( M - M r ) * M - 1 t
  • M is the total mass undergoing pyrolysis process
  • Mr is the residual mass in the pyrolysis reactor
  • t is the duration of the pyrolysis experiment.
  • V M Structure : Mean heating rate of the mass undergoing pyrolysis.
  • V M ⁇ ⁇ ist T f - T t t
  • T f and T i are the final and initial temperatures of the pyrolysis process and t is the duration of the experiment.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by using a pyrolysis process of end-of-life tyres (PFU) by irradiation with microwaves (MW), said process being characterised in that:
  • pyrolysis oils having a sulphur content ⁇ 1% by weight and containing a fraction greater than 40% by weight of distillable hydrocarbons comprised between 20 and 265° C.
  • the oils obtained by the process of the invention appear straw yellow in colour and are transparent, while those obtained under conditions other than the process of the invention appear brown in colour and are turbid but above all their hydrocarbon content, with boiling points less than or equal to 265° C., are not greater than 30-40% by weight of the collected liquid fraction.
  • oils obtained by the process of the invention can be used for the recovery, through further refining, of raw materials such as limonene, benzene, toluene, xylene, or other hydrocarbons prevailing therein.
  • the oils obtained by the process of the invention could be used directly as fuel for motor vehicles, or be mixed with commercial fuels.
  • FIG. 1 Experimental apparatus with fractionation (Set-up A) used for the pyrolysis of tyre fragments.
  • FIG. 2 Example apparatus (Set-up B) used for the pyrolysis of tyre fragments.
  • the pyrolysis oils obtainable by the process according to the present invention also have PCS and PCI between 40 and 47 MJ/kg; viscosity between 0.50 and 0.80 cps; density less than or equal to 0.900 gr/cm 3 .
  • the density of the pyrolysis oils obtained by the process is less than 0.850 gr/cm 3 and the viscosity comprised between 0.50 and 3.40 cps.
  • one or more generators operating at a frequency of 2.45 GHz are used for the delivery of the MW.
  • the process of the invention is that of type (A) thanks to which it is possible to deliver MW at maximum power (e.g. V M % greater than 1.0 min ⁇ 1 or V M antibiotic greater than 10° C./min) or better still, to a power level such as to obtain a V M % comprised between 0.4 and 1.1 min ⁇ 1 and/or a mean heating rate (V M ist ) comprised between 5 and 15° C./min.
  • V M % mean heating rate
  • limonene is actually greater than 70% by weight and which contain limonene in a quantity which may exceed 7% (percentage area by GC-MS analysis).
  • the quantity of distillable hydrocarbons in the range of 20 to 200° C. is greater than 70% by weight of the pyrolysis oil.
  • the yield of the pyrolysis process is always 100%.
  • the high quantity of limonene and single ring aromatic compounds such as toluene, benzene, styrene, etc., makes pyrolysis oils a possible resource from which to isolate the prevalent compounds.
  • the quantity of distillable hydrocarbons in the range comprised between 20 to 265° C. is greater than 40% by weight of the pyrolysis oil.
  • the ratio between the solid, liquid and gaseous fractions of the formed products vary. Larger quantities of solids are obtained with a lower heating rate and correspondingly larger quantities of gaseous products are obtained with a higher heating rate.
  • the composition and the characteristics of the gaseous products depend on the rate of delivery of the MW power. By increasing the delivery rate of the power, the more volatile products increase and obviously decrease the liquid components.
  • the sulphur content of the pyrolysis oils does not exceed 1.0%: these liquid products, therefore, fall into the class of low sulphur content fuel oils (BTZ, limit of the sulphur content 1% by weight), and also the results with respect to the heat power, allow to insert the liquid products in this class of commercial products.
  • BTZ low sulphur content fuel oils
  • the possible use as diesel fuel for motor vehicles of liquid products is limited in the light of the new regulation provisions on the subject of fuel quality (from 1 January 2009 the maximum sulphur content in fuels for motor vehicles is set at 10 mg/kg).
  • a suiphurated compounds sequestering agent for example Ca(OH)2 is used, causing a reduction of the sulphur content of the pyrolysis oils.
  • a slow pyrolysis process with an apparatus which has a fractionation system, on average leads to a considerable worsening of the yields in both gases and liquids. The effect is less pronounced by operating under conditions of more vigorous heating.
  • the pyrolysis process with microwave heating has proved to be an effective, selective, and environmentally friendly method for the thermal degradation of tyres.
  • the process provides for all the collection and dumping, incineration, waste-to-energy and conventional pyrolysis processes. It preserves the energy and chemical content of polymeric materials by not oxidizing, but by depolymerising the macromolecules that constitute the charge by transforming them in a potential substrate for the petrochemical industry. There is no dispersion in the environment either of waste or of hazardous or potentially hazardous burning residues, such as sulphurous compounds and heavy metals.
  • the oven consists of a sealed chamber, inside of which there is a turntable, four microwave generators outside the oven (characterised by a total power absorption of 8 KW (4 ⁇ 2 KW), that deliver a maximum power level of 6 KW as an electromagnetic field operating at a frequency of 2,450 MHz) which communicate with the interior of the chamber through small windows located at half height of the chamber.
  • the position and construction method of the microwave generators, of the magnetron type, ensure uniformity of the MW field distribution inside of the entire chamber.
  • the oven has a 40 mm diameter hole for the escape of gases and vapours.
  • an infrared sensor and a pyrometer were also installed in the centre of one of the inner walls.
  • the oven is operated by an electronic system which allows adjusting the delivery power of microwaves, even in continuity, by varying the electrical power absorbed by each generator.
  • the system allows the creation of heating programmes, characterised by the temperature steps, monitored by the infrared probe, and with the control of the delivered power and the duration of the step for each value of temperature.
  • a tyre consists of several portions, characterised by relative quantities of reinforcement materials (steel) and different compounds, in relation to its function.
  • reinforcement materials steel
  • FIG. 1 a scheme (Set-up of the A type) of the experimental apparatus used for the execution of the pyrolysis experiments.
  • the fragments of tyre were introduced, after drying in an oven at 65° C. for 48 hours, within a 1 dm 3 Pyrex glass flask, used as a reaction vessel ( 1 ): this latter was housed in the centre of the oven chamber, at a height corresponding to that of the emission windows of the MW field and of the infrared sensor.
  • the reaction vessel ( 1 ) was connected, by means of a Pyrex glass joint ( 2 ) to a fractionation system of the vapours ( 2 /a), located outside the MW oven chamber, filled, for example, with 4 mm diameter glass beads with the purpose of fractioning the product in outlet from the furnace.
  • the pyrolysis vapours by passing through the fractionation column were deprived of that component which had a boiling temperature higher than that of the vapours. This system thus allowed fractioning the distillable products by dropping into the reaction vessel the higher boiling compounds that had been dragged from the vapours.
  • the vapours were subsequently sent to a Claisen head ( 3 ) with a thermometer ( 4 ).
  • a straight Pyrex glass joint ( 4 ) connected the Claisen head to a water-cooled straight cooler ( 6 ) (at room temperature), in turn connected by a bend fitting ( 7 ) to a cooling coil ( 8 ) cooled to ⁇ 10° C., and with a thermostat.
  • a liquid nitrogen trap ( 10 ) was connected to the collection system of the liquid phase allowing condensing the vapours of the substances which possibly, despite being liquid at room temperature, were dragged by the gas stream. Finally, the non-condensable part was collected in a gas counter ( 11 ).
  • the experimental apparatus used for carrying out the pyrolysis experiments without fractionation of the vapours in outlet from the MW oven had a set-up of type B, similar to that of type A, but the vapours passing through the joint ( 2 ) in outlet from the oven were sent directly to the Claisen head and subsequently to the condensation system and collection of the vapours.
  • the degradation process begins on average 30 seconds after the ignition of the microwave generators as a function of the delivered power.
  • the vapours in outlet initially are white, which, with the increase of the flow of material in outlet from the oven are coloured up to yellow-brown. Initially, only a fraction of the vapours condenses before reaching the coolers.
  • liquid products pyrolysis oils
  • Samples of liquid products were transferred into 2 cm 3 vials and sent to the determinations of the upper heat power level and elemental composition (CHNS analysis).
  • the liquid products were also characterised by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, determinations of the density and composition by GC-MS analysis, always carried out on the centrifuged and homogenised liquid: the operative details of these techniques are given in the corresponding paragraphs.
  • the solid residues were taken from the reaction vessel (the 1 dm 3 Pyrex glass flask), crushed, and homogenised in a mortar until obtaining a powder.
  • Dust samples were transferred into 2 cm 3 vials and used for determining the upper heat power level and the elemental composition (CHNS analysis).
  • the gas mixtures produced during the pyrolysis process were collected in a gas counter, connected to the inert liquid trap located immediately upstream in the process scheme.
  • the volume of gas was measured by means of a GFW Luzern water counter installed upstream of the sampling section.
  • the sampling of the gaseous mixtures for the subsequent characterisations was carried out directly through the gas counter by means of a 250 ⁇ L Hamilton Gastight syringe.
  • Measuring the density of the pyrolysis oils was carried out by measuring the mass of oil contained in a known volume, under standard conditions (25.00° C., 1 atm.). The measurement of viscosity was carried out on the liquid products by means of an Ostwlad viscometer thermostat at 25.00° C. in a silicone oil bath Julabo thermostat, ME-18V model.
  • the upper heating power level (U.H.P.) was determined for the pyrolysis products in the condensed phase, pyrolysis oil, and solid residue.
  • L.H.P. lower heating power level
  • the determination of the heat power of the condensed phases was carried out by the ESSE.TI.A. s.r.l. Company, at No. 121/123, viale dell'Arte della Paglia, 50058 Signa (FI), Italy, through a method which consists in measuring the temperature before and after the monitored combustion of a known mass sample in an oxygen calorimeter bomb completely immersed in a calorimeter.
  • the GC-MS analysis of the liquid products, for the identification of the substances constituting the mixtures were carried out through the GC-MS QP5050A Shimadzu instrument, having a quadruple mass analyser, and equipped with a Supelco Equity 5 capillary column or 100 mt. Petrocol.
  • the pyrolysis experiments are shown below with unique identifying numbers: the pyrolysis products are indicated by preceding the identifying number of the experiment with letter G for gases, with letter L for liquids, and with letter S for solid residues.
  • Table 2 shows the conditions of the carried out experiments.
  • Liquid products L1-L4, L6-L9, and L10-B appear yellow-brown and turbid. However, there is no precipitation of solid even after centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 20 min. Liquid products L5, L10-A, L11-A, L11-B, and L12 appear straw yellow and are transparent.
  • the pyrolysis oils distil (Table 4) for a percentage comprised between 22 and 82% by weight in the temperature range comprised between 20 and 265° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US14/007,343 2011-02-18 2012-02-20 Production of hydrocarbons from pyrolysis of tyres Abandoned US20140083835A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITFI2011A000030A IT1404132B1 (it) 2011-02-18 2011-02-18 Produzione di idrocarburi da pirolisi di gomme.
ITFI2011A000030 2011-02-18
PCT/IB2012/050748 WO2012110991A1 (fr) 2011-02-18 2012-02-20 Production d'hydrocarbures par pyrolyse de pneus

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EP (1) EP2675871B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2012219055A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2830738A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2712070T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1404132B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2675871T3 (fr)
TR (1) TR201902397T4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012110991A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022108687A3 (fr) * 2020-10-12 2022-06-30 The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate Réacteur de pyrolyse faisant intervenir des micro-ondes et procédés associés
US12043801B2 (en) 2021-06-30 2024-07-23 E2 Technologies, Llc Apparatus and processes for pyrolysis of plastic feeds

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WO2022056212A1 (fr) 2020-09-14 2022-03-17 Ecolab Usa Inc. Additifs d'écoulement à froid pour charge de départ synthétique dérivée de matière plastique
EP4416248A1 (fr) 2021-10-14 2024-08-21 Ecolab Usa Inc. Agents antisalissure pour matières premières synthétiques dérivées du plastique

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CA2830738A1 (fr) 2012-08-23
ES2712070T3 (es) 2019-05-09
TR201902397T4 (tr) 2019-03-21
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WO2012110991A1 (fr) 2012-08-23
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