US20140031267A1 - Lubricant additive composition - Google Patents

Lubricant additive composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140031267A1
US20140031267A1 US13/984,622 US201213984622A US2014031267A1 US 20140031267 A1 US20140031267 A1 US 20140031267A1 US 201213984622 A US201213984622 A US 201213984622A US 2014031267 A1 US2014031267 A1 US 2014031267A1
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Prior art keywords
abrasive particles
additive composition
lubricant
lubricant additive
composition according
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Johan Henrik Von Knorring
Clas-Eirik Strand
Eduard Albrecht
Sergey M. Mamykin
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NANOL Tech Oy AB
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NANOL Tech Oy AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/08—Metal carbides or hydrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/20—Compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal-coating lubricant additive. More specifically, it relates to a composition to be added to lubricants in order to protect friction surfaces and a method for protective film forming on a friction surface.
  • a typical lubrication oils consists of base oil (appr. 80%) and an additive package.
  • the additive packages comprise of dispersant packages (e.g. cleanliness agents, i.e. detergents, soot dispersants, anti-oxidants, anti-corrosion agents, anti-wear components) and viscosity modifiers (e.g. SBS, olefin copolymers).
  • the base oils used for manufacturing of lubrication oils are divided into four categories: API 1, mineral oil base, API 2, modified mineral oil base, API 3, semi-synthetic oil base and API 4, synthetic (PAO) oil base.
  • lubricant compositions are known.
  • One well-studied solution for improving the anti-frictional properties of lubricants is adding oil-soluble metal compositions to the base lubricant.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,431,553 discloses a lubricant comprising a mixture of various greases, lubricating oil and from 0.1 to 10% by weight of copper, tin or lead in the form of copper oxyquinolinate, tin oxyquinolinate lead oxyquinolinate or mixtures thereof.
  • the lubricant is not effective in applications where high-pressure friction occurs.
  • Base oil is characterized by its sulphur content, paraffin content and viscosity index. The lower the sulphur contents the better.
  • Other sources for sulphur and phosphorus compounds are originating from the anti-oxidants and anti-wear additives.
  • Metal-coating lubricants were developed especially for exploitation in harsh environments featuring high temperatures and pressures.
  • Metal-coating lubricants are materials that form a non-oxidising thin metal film, such as a few micrometers thick copper film on the friction surfaces—also on those surfaces not containing the film-forming metals.
  • the protective thin metal film provides significant reduction of the friction coefficient even in marginal lubrication conditions and when friction surfaces are under high pressure.
  • Russian patent RU2277579 discloses a metal-containing oil-soluble composition for lubricant materials.
  • Said composition comprises metal salt of inorganic acid, metal salt of organic acid, aliphatic alcohol, aromatic amine, epoxy resin, succinimide polymer and 2-imine-substituted derivative of indoline.
  • a known disadvantage of said composition is ineffective formation of the protective thin metal film on friction surfaces, thus making such a lubricant useless in applications where it is crucial to achieve a maximum degree of protection as soon as possible.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to prolong the lifespan of machines, engines and motors by reducing temperatures of friction surfaces and improving abrasive resistance, thus reducing wear of their moving parts. This is achieved by protecting friction surfaces with a novel lubricant additive composition providing a fast formation of the protective thin metal film on friction surfaces.
  • a novel method for wear protection of friction surfaces is proposed.
  • the invention is based on research work, the aim of which was to show that a certain concentration of abrasive particles accelerate formation of the protective thin metal film. According to the studies, abrasive particles enhance diffusion of metal ions, which are present in lubricant in the form of metal salts, into the crystal lattice of friction surfaces.
  • a further purpose of the lubricant additive composition according to the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly lubricant additive or additive package comprising significantly less toxic and environmentally harmful chemicals or components than the lubricants and lubricant additives currently available on the market.
  • the lubricant additive composition according to the present invention enables almost complete reduction of sulphur and phosphorus containing additives; said lubricant additive composition does comprise neither phosphorus- nor sulphur-based compounds.
  • lubricant additive comprising the composition according to the present invention, there is no need for further addition of such toxic chemicals as e.g. phosphorus and sulphur or their different compounds, which are typically used in the lubricants because of their anti-oxidation and anti-wear properties.
  • a lubricant additive composition according to the present invention provides improved abrasive resistance of the frictions surfaces without addition of e.g. phosphorus and sulphur based compounds. This development would be in line with coming regulations for low SAP products for further reduction of exhaust gas emissions.
  • the lubricant additive composition according to the present invention is characterized by what is disclosed in claim 1 .
  • the use of a lubricant additive composition according to the present invention is characterized by what is disclosed in claim 6 .
  • the method for wear protection of friction surfaces according to the present invention is characterized by what is disclosed in claim 10 .
  • the present invention is focused on a lubricant additive composition (i.e. lubricant additive package), use of a lubricant additive composition for metal surface lubrication and a method for wear protection of friction surfaces.
  • a lubricant means a substance introduced between moving surfaces to reduce the friction between them, i.e. a lubricant is any kind of a natural or a synthetic motor or transmission oil, or a plastic greasing substance.
  • the compounds of the lubricant additive composition of the present invention react on frictions surfaces and form a non-oxidising thin metal film on said surfaces, thus reducing mechanical wear and tear of the surfaces the lubricant containing the lubricant additive composition or the lubricant additive package has been applied on. Therefore, the lubricant additive composition can be classified as a metal-coating composition.
  • the lubricant in order to form a metal film on the metal friction surfaces, shall comprise metal ions.
  • said ions must have higher ionization energy that of the surface metal ions; i.e. if a friction surface is made of steel, the lubricant must comprise ions of metals having higher ionization energy than Fe.
  • metal ions present in the lubricant fulfill the vacancies and diffuse inside the frictional surface removing dislocations caused by friction and forming crystals of protective thin metal film on the surface.
  • Addition of oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids to lubricants is crucial for formation of a protective thin metal film on friction surfaces where lubricant was applied.
  • Said metal salts provide metal ions which fulfil the open vacancies and diffuse inside the frictional surface forming a thin metal film.
  • the additive composition according to the present invention comprises abrasive particles which enhance diffusion of metal ions, present in the composition in the form of metal salts, into friction surfaces and thus accelerate formation of protective metal film.
  • the lubricant additive composition according to the present invention comprises oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids and further comprises from 0.005 wt % to 0.1 wt %, preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.05 wt %, most preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.03 wt % abrasive particles.
  • lubricant additive comprising the lubricant additive composition according to the present invention forms a protective layer at the friction surfaces through physical bonding between the metal ions of the salt and the friction surfaces.
  • the abrasive particles enhance diffusion of metal ions into friction surfaces and thus accelerate formation of protective metal film, as they remove oxide films from the friction surfaces.
  • abrasive particles by removing oxidized films from the friction surface, they catalyse the build-up of the protective metal film through physical bonding between the metal ions of the salts and the friction surfaces.
  • Oxide films which typically form on metal surfaces due to air exposure, make the metal more resistant to chemical reactions. With no oxide films on the surfaces the protective metal film forms faster.
  • abrasive particles it is meant here either naturally occurring or fabricated granular material composed of finely divided hard particles, such as mineral or metal particles. It shall be noted that the exact chemical composition of abrasive particles is of secondary importance; however, the crucial matter is the concentration of abrasive particles in an additive composition. According to the extensive studies, the optimal concentration of abrasive particles in the additive composition varies from about 0.005 wt % to about 0.1 wt %, where wt % is mass percentage. The optimal concentration depends on factors such as the composition of the lubricant and the additives, the size of abrasive particles, etc.
  • the protective metal film forms within about 30 seconds from the start of the friction between the lubricated surfaces (i.e. from the moment the lubricated engine or motor starts running). Measurements preformed for similar lubricant additive compositions without abrasive particles indicate that in these cases the protective metal film forms in about five minutes, which is a considerably longer period.
  • the average diameter size of abrasive particles ranges from 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, most preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the exact chemical composition of abrasive particles may vary, however the average diameter size of the abrasive particles ranges approximately from 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, most preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m. This means that statistically the majority of the abrasive particles has said diameter, however, variations around these values are possible.
  • abrasive particles having a diameter of about 1 ⁇ m may as well comprise abrasive particles having a diameter of about 5 ⁇ m or 20 ⁇ m.
  • the majority of abrasive particles found in another lubricant additive composition may have a diameter of about 10 ⁇ m; however, the same lubricant additive composition may also comprise abrasive particles having a diameter of about 3 ⁇ m.
  • abrasive particles have a hardness of at least 7 on the Mohs scale. Therefore, abrasive particles comprise finely divided particles of ceramic materials, minerals, metals and/or other compounds having a hardness of 7 or more on the Mohs scale. Amongst others, the following minerals have a hardness of at least 7 on the Mohs scale, thus being suitable for use as abrasive particles: quartz, garner, beryl, chrysoberyl, topaz, emerald, spinel, corundum, boron and diamond.
  • abrasive particles comprise any of the above mentioned ceramic materials, minerals or metals, or mixtures thereof, in a form of a fine powder or a granular mixture.
  • abrasive particles comprise carbonates, nitrides, carbides and/or oxides of elements of boron, carbon and/or alkaline earth metal groups.
  • the boron group is a periodic table group consisting of boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and ununtrium (Uut);
  • the carbon group is a periodic table group consisting of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and ununquadium (Uuq); and alkaline earth metals consist of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra).
  • abrasive particles comprise any of the above compounds separately, or a mixture thereof, in a form of a fine powder or a granular mixture.
  • the additive composition comprises, in addition to abrasive particles and oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids, at least one of the following: an aliphatic alcohol, a succinimide derivative, an aromatic amine, an epoxy resin and/or a 2-iminosubstituted indoline.
  • the oil soluble metal salts of inorganic acid comprise oil soluble metal salts, i.e. chlorides, bromides and/or iodides of at least one of the following metals: Cu, Co, Pb, Sn, Ni.
  • the oil soluble metal salts of organic acid comprises metal salts of organic acids having from 15 to 18 carbon atoms in their molecular formula, such as metal salts of oleic acid CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH ⁇ CH(CH 2 ) 7 COOH; another example of a metal salt of organic acids being tin oleate C 36 H 66 O 4 Sn. It shall be noted that said oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids are completely dissolved in the end product, i.e. in a lubricant comprising lubricant additive having a composition according to the present invention.
  • the succinimide derivative comprises S-5A polyalkenyl succinimide
  • the aromatic amine comprises homotype diphenylamine
  • the epoxy resin comprises commercially available aliphatic epoxy resin ⁇ -1, produced by condensation of epichlorohydrin with glycol.
  • any of the compositions in accordance with the above definitions is used as a lubricant additive composition (i.e. lubricant additive package). Further, there is provided the use of a lubricant additive composition comprising salts of inorganic and organic acids and abrasive particles for wear protection of the friction surfaces. In addition, there is provided the use of a lubricant additive composition comprising salts of inorganic and organic acids and abrasive particles for metal surface lubrication.
  • composition comprising oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids and from 0.005 wt % to 0.1 wt %, preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.05 wt %, most preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.03 wt % abrasive particles for wear protection of the friction surfaces.
  • a composition comprising oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids and abrasive particles, wherein the average diameter size of abrasive particles ranges from 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, most preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • a composition comprising oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids and abrasive particles, wherein abrasive particles have a hardness of at least 7 on the Mohs scale.
  • compositions comprising oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids and abrasive particles, further comprising at least one of the following: an aliphatic alcohol, a succinimide derivative, an aromatic amine, an epoxy resin and/or a 2-iminosubstituted indoline.
  • a method for wear protection of friction surfaces comprising applying to friction surfaces a lubricant comprising from 1 wt % to 5 wt % additive composition, said additive composition comprising oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids and from 0.005 wt % to 0.1 wt %, preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.05 wt %, most preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.03 wt % abrasive particles.
  • a method for wear protection of friction surfaces comprises applying to friction surfaces a lubricant such as a base oil, which lubricant or base oil comprises from 1 wt % to 5 wt % an additive (i.e. an additive package); which additive comprises from 0.005 wt % to 0.1 wt %, preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.05 wt %, most preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.03 wt % abrasive particles in addition to oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids.
  • a lubricant such as a base oil
  • an additive i.e. an additive package
  • additive comprises from 0.005 wt % to 0.1 wt %, preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.05 wt %, most preferably from 0.01 wt % to 0.03 wt % abrasive particles in addition to oil soluble metal salts of inorganic and organic acids.
  • the lubricant additive composition according to the present invention can be manufactured by any techniques known in the field, such as conventional mixing techniques, the different variations thereof being well known for those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing total wear of a specimen in a friction and wear laboratory study. Different graphs represent total wear of the specimen after applying to friction surfaces a lubricant comprising the additive composition further comprising from 0.0 wt % to 0.07 wt % of abrasive particles;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the diameter of wear of the specimen's surface as a function of applied pressure for six different lubricant additive compositions.
  • FIG. 3 shows temperature variation ratio of a specimen under constant applied pressure of 2600 MPa.
  • different graphs represent the results measured for lubricants comprising the additive composition further comprising from 0.0 wt % to 0.07 wt % abrasive particles;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing total temperature change of the specimen during the friction and wear study.
  • Lubricants comprising the additive composition comprising from 0.0 wt % to 0.07 wt % of abrasive particles were studied.
  • Table 1 shows different additive compositions for lubricants according to the present invention.
  • the lubricant additive composition according to the present invention enables fast formation of a thin metal film on friction surfaces. Said metal film protects the surfaces against mechanical wear and hydrogen embrittlement. Studies show that a lubricant containing the additive composition according to the present invention provides desirable results, amongst other, on the following friction surfaces: steel-steel, steel-iron and steel-bronze.
  • Table 2 shows preferred compositions for lubricants according to the present invention.
  • the abrasive particles comprised boron carbide powder composed of a large number of boron carbide particles; the average diameter size of the boron carbide particles varied from 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the samples were further added to 10W40 base oil so that the base oil contained 2.2 wt % of the additive.
  • Antifrictional properties of the obtained lubricants were determined in the following laboratory study.
  • the measurement setup comprised a steel specimen arranged on top of a steel cylinder, the rotation axis of which lay in the horizontal plane. Different weights were loaded on top of the specimen pressing it against the rotating surface of the cylinder. The pressure applied on contact surfaces of the specimen and the cylinder was, naturally, proportional to the mass of the weight. The study was performed for three different pressures, i.e. three different weights. In total, 18 test runs were performed; six lubricants comprising different additive compositions were applied to the point where the surface of the specimen was in contact with the rotating cylinder. Rotating speed of the cylinder was kept constant in each 60 minute test run; during that period the specimen remained pressed against the cylinder's rotating surface. Both the cylinder and the specimen were made of class -15 steel (corresponding to US A295 52100).
  • FIG. 1 shows total wear of contact surface of the specimen, ⁇ m, as a function of applied pressure for six different additive compositions for lubricants.
  • Each graph corresponds to an additive composition comprising from 0.0 wt % to 0.07 wt % of abrasive particles.
  • Results for studies where pressure of 700 MPa was applied on contact surfaces of the specimen and the cylinder show that the total wear is similar for all tested lubricant additive compositions, showing that the exact amount of the abrasive particles in the lubricant additive is not relevant for pressures around 700 MPa.
  • Results for test runs performed at a pressure of 2600 MPa show that after the test run the mass of the specimen increased in four cases and decreased in two cases. Lower mass, indicating mechanical wear and tear of the specimen, was observed for lubricant comprising additive compositions comprising 0.0 wt % and 0.07 wt % abrasive particles. Results for lubricants comprising additive compositions comprising 0.01 wt %, 0.02 wt %, 0.03 wt % and 0.05 wt % abrasive particles show that the mass of the specimen increased from about 0.1 mg to about 0.2 mg due to formation of protective metal film on its surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows the diameter of wear of the specimen at the contact point with the rotating cylinder, i.e. the friction point, as a function of applied pressure for six different lubricant additive compositions. Results show that after the test runs performed at a pressure of 2600 MPa, the diameter of wear observed on the specimen was 0.5 mm or less in cases where the lubricant contained an additive composition comprising from 0.01 wt % to 0.07 wt % abrasive particles. More wear was observed on the surface of the specimen when the used lubricant comprised an additive composition without abrasive particles. In that case, the diameter of wear was 0.6 mm.
  • FIG. 3 shows the specimen's temperature variation ratio as a function of test time, ⁇ T/ ⁇ t, at applied pressure of 2600 MPa during the first five minutes of each test run.
  • Temperature variation of a specimen in a friction test indicates conversion of the kinetic energy of the system (here: of the rotating cylinder) into heat. The higher the temperature rise of the specimen during the test run, the more friction there is between the specimen and the rotating cylinder. In industrial applications, low temperature variations are obviously desirable. The lowest temperature variation ratios are observed for additive compositions comprising 0.01 wt % and 0.02 wt % abrasive particles, indicating that in these conditions the protective thin metal film forms on friction surfaces faster than in the other studied cases. Further, FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows total temperature change of the specimen, ⁇ T, during each 60 minute test run.
  • additive compositions comprising from 0.01 wt % to 0.03 wt % abrasive particles decrease the total temperature change of the specimen during the test run and thus decrease the energy loss due to friction between the specimen and the rotating cylinder, as compared to additive compositions comprising 0.0 wt % or over 0.05 wt % abrasive particles.It is important to note that, as is clear for a person skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to the examples described above. The actual embodiments of the present invention can freely vary within the scope of the claims.

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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US20080269086A1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-10-30 Atanu Adhvaryu Functionalized nanosphere lubricants
US7994105B2 (en) * 2007-08-11 2011-08-09 Jagdish Narayan Lubricant having nanoparticles and microparticles to enhance fuel efficiency, and a laser synthesis method to create dispersed nanoparticles
US8008237B2 (en) * 2008-06-18 2011-08-30 Afton Chemical Corporation Method for making a titanium-containing lubricant additive
RU2009109342A (ru) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-27 Валентина Григорьевна Бабель (RU) Металлоплакирующая многофункциональная композиция для моторных, трансмиссионных и индустриальных масел

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