US20140030161A1 - Apparatus for sanitizing pillows or anything else contained in the apparatus - Google Patents
Apparatus for sanitizing pillows or anything else contained in the apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140030161A1 US20140030161A1 US13/950,038 US201313950038A US2014030161A1 US 20140030161 A1 US20140030161 A1 US 20140030161A1 US 201313950038 A US201313950038 A US 201313950038A US 2014030161 A1 US2014030161 A1 US 2014030161A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sanitizing
- box
- pillows
- pillow
- hyper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000000870 hyperventilation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 208000000122 hyperventilation Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical group [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036559 skin health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
- A61L2/202—Ozone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/12—Apparatus for isolating biocidal substances from the environment
- A61L2202/122—Chambers for sterilisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/13—Biocide decomposition means, e.g. catalysts, sorbents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/15—Biocide distribution means, e.g. nozzles, pumps, manifolds, fans, baffles, sprayers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/16—Mobile applications, e.g. portable devices, trailers, devices mounted on vehicles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
- A61L2202/26—Textiles, e.g. towels, beds, cloths
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for sanitizing pillows or other items. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus that makes it possible to sanitize superficially and in depth pillows and other material that can be contained therein, particularly suitable for hotels and environments in which pillows and other items are used by several people.
- the pillow itself can become the receptacle of fungi, bacteria, germs and mites if it is not subjected to periodic washing.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for sanitizing pillows or other items that makes it possible to sanitize with a simple operation the pillow and optionally also other material that might be contained therein, so as to offer to people a pillow that is always sanitized and deodorized without the need to replace it between one stay and the next.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for sanitizing pillows or other items that makes it possible to sterilize, sanitize and deodorize pillows or other items that can constitute a to dangerous vehicle of contagion for respiratory health, skin health and allergy health of users.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for sanitizing pillows or other items that is highly reliable, relatively simple to provide and has competitive costs.
- an apparatus for sanitizing pillows or other items characterized in that it comprises a box-like body adapted to contain pillows or other items to be sanitized, means for generating and releasing a sanitizing agent being provided in combination with forced hyper-ventilation means adapted to allow the sanitizing agent to pass through the pillow or other item and sanitize it.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the sanitizing apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partially cutout view of the sanitizing apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional side view of the apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional front view of the apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the sanitizing apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a lateral elevation view of a variation of the apparatus according to the invention.
- the sanitizing apparatus generally designated by the reference numeral 1 , comprises a box-like body 2 that is adapted to contain at least one pillow 12 or other item to be sanitized.
- the box-like body 2 is divided by a plurality of partitions 3 adapted to form accommodation compartments for is pillows or other items.
- the bottom of the box-like body 2 is provided with a plate-like element 4 , on which the partitions 3 rest, and is provided with a plurality of openings 5 .
- a flat or inclined bottom 6 is provided under the plate-like element 4 (the inclined bottom is not shown in the figures).
- Forced hyper-ventilation means for example a pair of fans 8 and 9 , driven by an electric motor for each fan, are provided above the bottom 6 .
- the apparatus according to the invention further comprises at least one source 10 of a sanitizing agent, such as for example a sanitizing gas such as ozone and the like, and means 11 for releasing said sanitizing gas toward the region of the box-like body 2 that is occupied by the pillows 12 or other items to be sanitized.
- a sanitizing agent such as for example a sanitizing gas such as ozone and the like
- the apparatus may further comprise at least one lamp of the UV-C type or the like, designated by the reference numeral 13 , for an additional treatment.
- the forced hyper-ventilation produced by the fans 8 and 9 allows the deep penetration of the sanitizing, sterilizing agent, such as for example ozone, through the pillows 3 to be sanitized.
- filtering means 14 adapted to filter the ozone or sanitizing gas that is used and release it into the atmosphere, partially or totally converted into oxygen.
- suction means 16 Upstream of the filtering means 14 there are suction means 16 adapted to convey toward the filtering means 14 the ozone-treated air contained in the box-like body 2 .
- ozone has a whitening effect on the pillows, an oxygenating effect for the environment, and a deodorizing and refreshing effect for the pillow.
- the box-like body 2 is provided conveniently with a covering element 15 , which allows complete closure of the box-like body during treatment with the sanitizing agent.
- check valve 17 For allowing correct suction of the air contained within the box-like body 2 , there is at least one check valve 17 that makes it possible to connect the outside environment to the inside of the box-like body 2 .
- control keypad 18 associated with one or more electronic boards, for starting and stopping the apparatus and for setting operating parameters thereof.
- the apparatus according to the invention may optionally also be provided with a door 20 , which allows access to the various components for maintenance and/or cleaning operations or a system for lifting and opening the body 2 from the base, as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the base is connected to the body 2 with the interposition of gaskets that provide a hermetic seal of the base portion.
- the apparatus of the invention may also comprise a humidifier 21 that is preferably accommodated near the bottom of the apparatus, around one of the fans 8 , 9 .
- the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible to sanitize pillows or other items by means of the forced hyper-ventilation of a sanitizing agent such as ozone, which penetrates through the pillow or other item and sanitizes it.
- a sanitizing agent such as ozone
- the sanitizing effect is increased by the mechanical action that is created on the pillows by the friction of the air flow (generated by the fans) and the partitions 3 that define the compartments inside which the pillows are accommodated.
- the hyper-ventilation allows to drastically reduce the humidity rate and also reduces the ozone rate. Due to the above, the sanitizing cycle of the apparatus can be very short.
- the apparatus is made of a polyethylene based material: the use of polyethylene allows to attract on the inner walls of the apparatus the particulate that is extracted from the pillow by the sanitizing treatment. The inner walls of the apparatus can then be cleaned by a simple duster.
- the treatment that is performed with the apparatus according to the present invention is quick since, for example, with a cycle of about 5 minutes and 30 seconds the pillows are sanitized.
- the materials used, as well as the contingent shapes and dimensions may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Bedding Items (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI2012A001318 | 2012-07-27 | ||
IT001318A ITMI20121318A1 (it) | 2012-07-27 | 2012-07-27 | Apparecchiatura di sanificazione di cuscini e quant'altro in essa contenuto. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20140030161A1 true US20140030161A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
Family
ID=46982684
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/950,038 Abandoned US20140030161A1 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2013-07-24 | Apparatus for sanitizing pillows or anything else contained in the apparatus |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140030161A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2689788A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2014028143A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20140014018A (de) |
CN (1) | CN103566388A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2013209312A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR102013018894A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2822143A1 (de) |
IT (1) | ITMI20121318A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2013135310A (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10376605B1 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2019-08-13 | Universal City Studios Llc | Systems and methods for sanitizing amusement park articles |
US10898601B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2021-01-26 | Universal City Studios Llc | Systems and methods for sanitizing amusement park equipment |
US20210330840A1 (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-28 | The Texas A&M University System | Systems and methods for reducing microbial and/or viral loads on equipment using ozone |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108078487A (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-29 | 孟三结 | 一种家用智能枕头自动灭菌清灰装置 |
CN108686231B (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-04-23 | 河南省肿瘤医院 | 一种医用枕芯高温烘干消毒设备 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3554687A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1971-01-12 | Robert J Cassidy | Fumigating apparatus |
CN1305531C (zh) * | 1998-04-17 | 2007-03-21 | 汤米·巴斯蒂德 | 消毒物件的装置和方法 |
KR100386342B1 (ko) * | 1999-10-29 | 2003-06-02 | (주)바이오니아 | 침구를 자외선과 오존으로 살균, 소독하는 방법과 그 장치 |
US7156897B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2007-01-02 | Wen Sheree H | Anti-infection and toxin elimination device |
AU2002368210A1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2004-05-04 | David E. Hedman | Portable decontamination unit useful in destroying harmful biological agents in contaminated objects |
US8075848B1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2011-12-13 | Miller Jimmie D | Apparatus for sterilizing mail and textile articles |
-
2012
- 2012-07-27 IT IT001318A patent/ITMI20121318A1/it unknown
-
2013
- 2013-07-18 EP EP13177046.3A patent/EP2689788A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-07-24 BR BRBR102013018894-8A patent/BR102013018894A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-07-24 AU AU2013209312A patent/AU2013209312A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-24 US US13/950,038 patent/US20140030161A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-25 CA CA2822143A patent/CA2822143A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-25 CN CN201310316224.9A patent/CN103566388A/zh active Pending
- 2013-07-25 JP JP2013154409A patent/JP2014028143A/ja active Pending
- 2013-07-26 RU RU2013135310/15A patent/RU2013135310A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-07-26 KR KR1020130089022A patent/KR20140014018A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10376605B1 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2019-08-13 | Universal City Studios Llc | Systems and methods for sanitizing amusement park articles |
US10874755B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2020-12-29 | Universal City Studios Llc | Systems and methods for sanitizing amusement park articles |
US10898601B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2021-01-26 | Universal City Studios Llc | Systems and methods for sanitizing amusement park equipment |
US20210330840A1 (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-28 | The Texas A&M University System | Systems and methods for reducing microbial and/or viral loads on equipment using ozone |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2013135310A (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
KR20140014018A (ko) | 2014-02-05 |
AU2013209312A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
ITMI20121318A1 (it) | 2014-01-28 |
JP2014028143A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
CN103566388A (zh) | 2014-02-12 |
BR102013018894A2 (pt) | 2015-08-18 |
CA2822143A1 (en) | 2014-01-27 |
EP2689788A1 (de) | 2014-01-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20140030161A1 (en) | Apparatus for sanitizing pillows or anything else contained in the apparatus | |
KR101751777B1 (ko) | 다기능 스마트 장롱 | |
KR100899948B1 (ko) | 살균 탈취기가 구비된 붙박이 수납장 | |
US10426855B2 (en) | System and method for the decontamination of indoor air and surfaces having biological, chemical or physical contamination | |
JP2015163544A (ja) | ゴミ収容器 | |
CN106263626A (zh) | 具有除湿杀菌熏香功能的衣柜 | |
KR100955219B1 (ko) | 제습, 살균 및 탈취가 가능한 기능성 가구 | |
KR101350354B1 (ko) | 살균 기능을 갖는 수납박스 | |
KR102203323B1 (ko) | 공기순환 살균기 | |
KR20180137153A (ko) | 편백나무를 이용한 다용도 천연 공기 정화기 | |
KR20100125508A (ko) | 음식점용 또는 가정용 탈취 옷장 | |
JP6185406B2 (ja) | 脱臭保存庫 | |
KR20090081609A (ko) | 탈취 및 살균 기능의 플라즈마 가구 | |
KR102057703B1 (ko) | 방수구조의 살균램프와 소독기능을 가진 전기건조기 | |
KR20160118614A (ko) | 편백나무를 이용한 천연 공기 정화기 | |
KR100979491B1 (ko) | 가정용 자외선 살균 장치 | |
CN219451634U (zh) | 家庭可移动消毒室 | |
TWI466648B (zh) | Clothing handling device | |
CN217685682U (zh) | 消毒杀菌入户柜 | |
JPH073649U (ja) | 脱臭、除菌容器 | |
CN202605368U (zh) | 一种日常用品消毒灭菌柜 | |
KR101095260B1 (ko) | 위생복 및 앞치마 건조-살균기 | |
CN107684630A (zh) | 一种衣柜杀菌装置 | |
JP3192464U (ja) | 菌・ウィルス除去装置付便器及び菌・ウィルス除去装置付寝具類 | |
IT202000022489A1 (it) | Mobile guardaroba per sanificare abiti |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |