US20130327529A1 - Far field fracturing of subterranean formations - Google Patents
Far field fracturing of subterranean formations Download PDFInfo
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- US20130327529A1 US20130327529A1 US13/491,900 US201213491900A US2013327529A1 US 20130327529 A1 US20130327529 A1 US 20130327529A1 US 201213491900 A US201213491900 A US 201213491900A US 2013327529 A1 US2013327529 A1 US 2013327529A1
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- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- fracture
- well bore
- arteries
- injecting
- Prior art date
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitramide Chemical compound N[N+]([O-])=O SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002321 radial artery Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a method of fracturing a subterranean formation.
- the disclosure relates to a method of providing secondary fractures from a fracture extending from a well bore.
- One example method includes providing a well bore with a horizontal shaft arranged in a shale formation. Radial fractures are created using a hydraulic fracturing technique. A proppant is injected into the fractures to prevent the fractures from closing under rock consolidation stresses. Oil and gases flow from the formations surrounding the fractures into the fractures and through the well bore. Although hydraulic fracturing produces low resistance flow arteries, it doesn't raise the permeability of the bulk rock. Hence, oil/gas still has a very hard time getting to the arteries and into the production well.
- One prior art arrangement detonates explosives within the well bore to generate additional fractures extending from the well bore.
- the additional, small fractures are oriented at angles different from the hydraulic fracture-produced cracks.
- a method of fracturing a subterranean formation includes the steps of providing a fracture field with multiple fractures, injecting an explosive into a selected fracture, and detonating the explosive and increasing permeability of the subterranean formation surrounding the selected fracture, wherein the explosive is configured to detonate at a quench distance of less than a thickness of the selected fracture.
- the providing step includes forming arteries from a well bore to create the fractures.
- the detonating step includes generating secondary cracks generally normal to the arteries.
- the increased permeability is provided by rubble in the arteries and the secondary cracks.
- the well bore is arranged horizontally and the arteries are generally normal to the well bore.
- the arteries extend at least 50 and up to 1200 feet (15.24 m and up to 365.8 m) from the well bore.
- the arteries are about 0.1 inch thick (2.54 mm).
- the injecting step includes injecting the explosive at least 50 feet (15.24 m) away from the well bore.
- the explosive is a liquid.
- the explosive is at least one a nitroamine or nitrocellulose dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the explosive is configured to detonate at a pressure pulse greater than the sum of the fluid reservoir pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress.
- the explosive is a granular solid providing a proppant.
- the injecting step includes injecting the proppant into the fracture.
- the explosive is configured to detonate at a pressure pulse greater than the sum of the fluid reservoir pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress.
- the detonating step includes generating a pressure pulse with a combustion device.
- the device is located within the well bore.
- the device is an acoustic generator.
- the acoustic generator is configured to provide a pressure pulse greater than the sum of the reservoir fluid pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress.
- the increased permeability corresponds to at least one micro-darcy.
- the injecting step includes leaving at least one fracture adjacent to the selected fracture free of explosive.
- the method includes the step of injecting a non-explosive proppant in the at least one fracture.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a well bore having a fracture field.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fracture field having fractures with explosives.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fracture field following detonation of the explosives.
- FIG. 1 schematically depicts a well bore 10 having a vertical shaft 12 connected to a horizontal shaft 14 provided in a subterranean formation 16 , such as shale.
- “Subterranean formation” means a seam of oil or gas shale, or other oil/gas bearing rock, sandwiched between layers of overburden rock.
- “Subterranean formation” excludes formations accessible by conventional open mining in which workers can enter the mining area.
- the well bore 10 may be provided using any suitable method for the given application.
- the well bore 10 is less than 12 inches (30.4 cm) in diameter, and typically, less than 6 inches (15.2 cm) in diameter. In any event, the well bore 10 is of such a size that would prevent a worker from entering the well bore 10 .
- a first tool 18 is provided in the vertical shaft 14 to create a fracture field 20 having multiple fractures 22 A- 22 E at a spacing 24 laterally relative to one another.
- the fractures 22 A- 22 E provide radial arteries extending outward from the horizontal shaft 14 up to 1,200 feet (4.3 up to 365.8 m) or more (see, for example, Economides et al., Petroleum Production Systems , Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1994)).
- additional cracks are usually generated at nominal 100 ft (30.5 m) spacings by moving the well's fracturing tool along the length of casing and repeating the above process (see, for example, Hydraulic Fracturing , Wikipedia (2012)).
- hydraulic fracturing method used in oil/gas shale can require up to 100 barrels/minute of incompressible water flow at supply pressures approaching 15,000 psia (103,421.36 kPa).
- Such a fluid supply system will generally produce a single disc-shaped radial crack having a channel thickness 38 normal to the crack direction of approximately 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) or greater (see, for example, the PKN analysis in Economides et al., Petroleum Production Systems , Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1994)), as shown in FIG. 2 .
- a second tool 30 is arranged in the horizontal shaft 14 .
- a granular solid proppant 36 which is non-explosive , is added to the flowing water to produce a slurry for subsequent crack filling of fractures 22 A, 22 C, 22 E.
- the water flow is terminated.
- the solid proppant within the crack now prevents the 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) thick (1,000 ft (304.8 m) radius) crack from closing as the crack's fluid pressure returns to the nominal fluid reservoir pressure.
- the solid shale's consolidation (compressive) stress is now carried through the crack's opening by the granular proppant.
- the disclosed method is proposed as an add-on to the current hydraulic fracturing tools.
- the disclosed method uses an additional means after the completion of the propped hydraulic fractures to substantially increase the shale's permeability in the regions between the 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) radial arteries.
- the second tool 30 injects an explosive 32 into selected fractures, such as the fractures 22 B, 22 D.
- the adjacent fractures 22 A, 22 C, 22 E may be injected with a non-explosive proppant 36 to keep the fractures opened, as described above.
- the explosive 32 is injected into the arteries a first distance 26 away from the horizontal shaft 14 to a second distance 28 from the horizontal shaft 14 .
- the first distance 26 is about 50 feet and the second distance 28 is the remaining length of the fracture, for example 1200 feet (365.8 m).
- the quenching distance of the explosive 32 must be less than the radial crack's thickness of 0.1-inch (2.54 mm). A quenching distance greater than 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) will prevent propagation of the chemical reactions within the explosive.
- the explosive be liquid or granular solid phase.
- the liquid can be RDX (a nitroamine) or nitrocellulose dissolved in an organic solvent (for example, acetone or an alcohol). If the solid phase is used, the secondary explosive 32 may be used directly as a proppant.
- a third tool 34 such as an acoustic generator, is provided in the horizontal shaft 14 and generally aligned with a fracture filled with the explosive (i.e. fractures 22 B, 22 D).
- the acoustic generator provides pressure pulses of a desired frequency to ignite the explosive 32 within the fractures and create secondary cracks 40 that are generally normal to the fracture.
- Any suitable acoustic generator may be used, such as a pulsed combustion device.
- the fracturing detonation is initiated with a pulse combustion device to serve as the primary explosive.
- the pulse combustion device is designed to produce a pressure pulse equal to or greater than the sum of the reservoir's fluid pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress (for some shale formations this may be on the order of 10,000 psia). In this fashion, detonation pressures exceeding 200,000 psia (1,378,951.4 kPa) can be produced at safe distances away from the well casings while controlling the pressures of the primary combustion/explosion device below 15,000 psia (103,421.36 kPa).
- a 10,000 psia (68,947.57 kPa) pulse from the casings' primary combustion device will send a shock wave across the 50-ft (15.24 m) radial distance between the well bore 10 and the explosive 32 where it would initiate the propagating detonation through the 950-ft (289.56 m) radial length of explosive 32 .
- the pressure/shock sensitivity of the secondary explosive is characterized to ensure no pre-mature detonations at nominal fluid reservoir charging pressures when using liquid phase secondary explosives (or the shale's consolidation compressive stress when using solid phase secondary explosives).
- the explosive-filled fracture and secondary cracks 40 are filled with higher permeability rubble 42 , increasing permeability in the subterranean formation 16 in the area of the detonated fracture.
- gases/oil more easily migrates to the adjacent, undamaged fractures 22 A, 22 C, 22 E.
- Oil/gas shale permeabilities are produced significantly above 1 micro-darcy at far field distances from the well bore approaching 1,000 ft (304.8 m).
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This disclosure relates to a method of fracturing a subterranean formation. In particular, the disclosure relates to a method of providing secondary fractures from a fracture extending from a well bore.
- Methods of accessing oil and gas in previously difficult to reach subterranean formations have been developed. One example method includes providing a well bore with a horizontal shaft arranged in a shale formation. Radial fractures are created using a hydraulic fracturing technique. A proppant is injected into the fractures to prevent the fractures from closing under rock consolidation stresses. Oil and gases flow from the formations surrounding the fractures into the fractures and through the well bore. Although hydraulic fracturing produces low resistance flow arteries, it doesn't raise the permeability of the bulk rock. Hence, oil/gas still has a very hard time getting to the arteries and into the production well.
- One prior art arrangement detonates explosives within the well bore to generate additional fractures extending from the well bore. The additional, small fractures are oriented at angles different from the hydraulic fracture-produced cracks.
- In one exemplary embodiment, a method of fracturing a subterranean formation includes the steps of providing a fracture field with multiple fractures, injecting an explosive into a selected fracture, and detonating the explosive and increasing permeability of the subterranean formation surrounding the selected fracture, wherein the explosive is configured to detonate at a quench distance of less than a thickness of the selected fracture.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the providing step includes forming arteries from a well bore to create the fractures.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the detonating step includes generating secondary cracks generally normal to the arteries.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the increased permeability is provided by rubble in the arteries and the secondary cracks.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the well bore is arranged horizontally and the arteries are generally normal to the well bore.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the arteries extend at least 50 and up to 1200 feet (15.24 m and up to 365.8 m) from the well bore.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the arteries are about 0.1 inch thick (2.54 mm).
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the injecting step includes injecting the explosive at least 50 feet (15.24 m) away from the well bore.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the explosive is a liquid.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the explosive is at least one a nitroamine or nitrocellulose dissolved in an organic solvent.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the explosive is configured to detonate at a pressure pulse greater than the sum of the fluid reservoir pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the explosive is a granular solid providing a proppant. The injecting step includes injecting the proppant into the fracture.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the explosive is configured to detonate at a pressure pulse greater than the sum of the fluid reservoir pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the detonating step includes generating a pressure pulse with a combustion device.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the device is located within the well bore.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the device is an acoustic generator.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the acoustic generator is configured to provide a pressure pulse greater than the sum of the reservoir fluid pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the increased permeability corresponds to at least one micro-darcy.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the injecting step includes leaving at least one fracture adjacent to the selected fracture free of explosive.
- In a further embodiment of any of the above, the method includes the step of injecting a non-explosive proppant in the at least one fracture.
- The disclosure can be further understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a well bore having a fracture field. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fracture field having fractures with explosives. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fracture field following detonation of the explosives. -
FIG. 1 schematically depicts a well bore 10 having avertical shaft 12 connected to ahorizontal shaft 14 provided in asubterranean formation 16, such as shale. “Subterranean formation” means a seam of oil or gas shale, or other oil/gas bearing rock, sandwiched between layers of overburden rock. “Subterranean formation” excludes formations accessible by conventional open mining in which workers can enter the mining area. Thewell bore 10 may be provided using any suitable method for the given application. Thewell bore 10 is less than 12 inches (30.4 cm) in diameter, and typically, less than 6 inches (15.2 cm) in diameter. In any event, the well bore 10 is of such a size that would prevent a worker from entering thewell bore 10. Afirst tool 18 is provided in thevertical shaft 14 to create afracture field 20 having multiple fractures 22A-22E at aspacing 24 laterally relative to one another. In one example, the fractures 22A-22E provide radial arteries extending outward from thehorizontal shaft 14 up to 1,200 feet (4.3 up to 365.8 m) or more (see, for example, Economides et al., Petroleum Production Systems, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1994)). In developing the fracture field for oil/gas production, additional cracks are usually generated at nominal 100 ft (30.5 m) spacings by moving the well's fracturing tool along the length of casing and repeating the above process (see, for example, Hydraulic Fracturing, Wikipedia (2012)). - An example (see, for example, Hydraulic Fracturing, Wikipedia (2012)) hydraulic fracturing method used in oil/gas shale can require up to 100 barrels/minute of incompressible water flow at supply pressures approaching 15,000 psia (103,421.36 kPa). Such a fluid supply system will generally produce a single disc-shaped radial crack having a
channel thickness 38 normal to the crack direction of approximately 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) or greater (see, for example, the PKN analysis in Economides et al., Petroleum Production Systems, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1994)), as shown inFIG. 2 . Although the oil/gas field now has 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) thick radial arteries penetrating over 1,000 ft into the formation, the shale's permeability between these nominal 100-ft (30.5 m) spaced radial cracks is still below 1 micro-darcy. - With continuing reference to
FIG. 2 , asecond tool 30 is arranged in thehorizontal shaft 14. Once the radial crack is formed, a granularsolid proppant 36, which is non-explosive , is added to the flowing water to produce a slurry for subsequent crack filling of fractures 22A, 22C, 22E. Once the slurry completely fills the crack volume, the water flow is terminated. The solid proppant within the crack now prevents the 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) thick (1,000 ft (304.8 m) radius) crack from closing as the crack's fluid pressure returns to the nominal fluid reservoir pressure. The solid shale's consolidation (compressive) stress is now carried through the crack's opening by the granular proppant. - In order to achieve extensive fracturing at distances to 1,000 ft (304.8 m) from the well bore and without damage to the well's casings and internal hardware, the disclosed method is proposed as an add-on to the current hydraulic fracturing tools. The disclosed method uses an additional means after the completion of the propped hydraulic fractures to substantially increase the shale's permeability in the regions between the 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) radial arteries. The
second tool 30 injects an explosive 32 into selected fractures, such as the fractures 22B, 22D. The adjacent fractures 22A, 22C, 22E may be injected with anon-explosive proppant 36 to keep the fractures opened, as described above. In one example, the explosive 32 is injected into the arteries afirst distance 26 away from thehorizontal shaft 14 to a second distance 28 from thehorizontal shaft 14. In one example, thefirst distance 26 is about 50 feet and the second distance 28 is the remaining length of the fracture, for example 1200 feet (365.8 m). - The quenching distance of the explosive 32 must be less than the radial crack's thickness of 0.1-inch (2.54 mm). A quenching distance greater than 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) will prevent propagation of the chemical reactions within the explosive. The explosive be liquid or granular solid phase. In one example, the liquid can be RDX (a nitroamine) or nitrocellulose dissolved in an organic solvent (for example, acetone or an alcohol). If the solid phase is used, the secondary explosive 32 may be used directly as a proppant.
- Referring to
FIG. 3 , athird tool 34, such as an acoustic generator, is provided in thehorizontal shaft 14 and generally aligned with a fracture filled with the explosive (i.e. fractures 22B, 22D). The acoustic generator provides pressure pulses of a desired frequency to ignite the explosive 32 within the fractures and createsecondary cracks 40 that are generally normal to the fracture. Any suitable acoustic generator may be used, such as a pulsed combustion device. - In one example, the fracturing detonation is initiated with a pulse combustion device to serve as the primary explosive. The pulse combustion device is designed to produce a pressure pulse equal to or greater than the sum of the reservoir's fluid pressure and the shale's solid consolidation compressive stress (for some shale formations this may be on the order of 10,000 psia). In this fashion, detonation pressures exceeding 200,000 psia (1,378,951.4 kPa) can be produced at safe distances away from the well casings while controlling the pressures of the primary combustion/explosion device below 15,000 psia (103,421.36 kPa).
- In one example, a 10,000 psia (68,947.57 kPa) pulse from the casings' primary combustion device will send a shock wave across the 50-ft (15.24 m) radial distance between the well bore 10 and the explosive 32 where it would initiate the propagating detonation through the 950-ft (289.56 m) radial length of
explosive 32. - The pressure/shock sensitivity of the secondary explosive is characterized to ensure no pre-mature detonations at nominal fluid reservoir charging pressures when using liquid phase secondary explosives (or the shale's consolidation compressive stress when using solid phase secondary explosives).
- The explosive-filled fracture and
secondary cracks 40 are filled withhigher permeability rubble 42, increasing permeability in thesubterranean formation 16 in the area of the detonated fracture. As a result, gases/oil more easily migrates to the adjacent, undamaged fractures 22A, 22C, 22E. Oil/gas shale permeabilities are produced significantly above 1 micro-darcy at far field distances from the well bore approaching 1,000 ft (304.8 m). - Although example embodiments have been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of the claims. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine their true scope and content.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/491,900 US20130327529A1 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Far field fracturing of subterranean formations |
PCT/US2013/041815 WO2013184339A1 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2013-05-20 | Far field fracturing of subterranean formations |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/491,900 US20130327529A1 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Far field fracturing of subterranean formations |
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US20130327529A1 true US20130327529A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
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US13/491,900 Abandoned US20130327529A1 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Far field fracturing of subterranean formations |
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WO (1) | WO2013184339A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20130032337A1 (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-02-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Explosive pellet |
WO2018170051A1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | Energy Technologies Group, Llc | Methods and systems for perforating and fragmenting sediments using blasting materials |
CN109025945A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of methods and applications of densification oil and gas reservoir secondary fracturing |
US10738581B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2020-08-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fracturing treatments in subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellants |
US10738582B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2020-08-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fracturing treatments in subterranean formation using inorganic cements and electrically controlled propellants |
CN111980653A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-11-24 | 吉林大学 | Method for controlling directional fracturing and seam making based on cold and hot alternate rock crushing |
US10858923B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2020-12-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Enhancing complex fracture networks in subterranean formations |
US11326434B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-05-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for enhancing hydrocarbon production from subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellant |
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US10858923B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2020-12-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Enhancing complex fracture networks in subterranean formations |
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US11326434B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-05-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for enhancing hydrocarbon production from subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellant |
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