US20130255279A1 - Magnetic refrigeration device and magnetic refrigeration system - Google Patents

Magnetic refrigeration device and magnetic refrigeration system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130255279A1
US20130255279A1 US13/730,360 US201213730360A US2013255279A1 US 20130255279 A1 US20130255279 A1 US 20130255279A1 US 201213730360 A US201213730360 A US 201213730360A US 2013255279 A1 US2013255279 A1 US 2013255279A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
members
heat accumulation
solid heat
magnetic field
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US13/730,360
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Inventor
Norihiro Tomimatsu
Toshiro Hiraoka
Yasushi Sanada
Ryosuke YAGI
Akiko Saito
Tadahiko Kobayashi
Shiori Kaji
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Toshiba Corp
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Individual
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Assigned to KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA reassignment KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KAJI, SHIORI, SANADA, YASUSHI, HIRAOKA, TOSHIRO, KOBAYASHI, TADAHIKO, SAITO, AKIKO, TOMIMATSU, NORIHIRO, YAGI, RYOSUKE
Publication of US20130255279A1 publication Critical patent/US20130255279A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F25B2321/0022—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a rotating or otherwise moving magnet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein relate generally to magnetic refrigeration devices and magnetic refrigeration systems.
  • AMR active magnetic refrigeration
  • Typical AMR apparatuses have a structure, in which a heat exchange fluid, such as water, is made to flow in a magnetic container filled with, for example, magnetic particles, and is moved back and forth in synchronism with application/elimination of a magnetic field to the magnetic container. As a result, refrigeration cycle is realized.
  • a heat exchange fluid such as water
  • the AMR cycle In the AMR cycle, no compressors are needed and hence little motive energy is required. Therefore, the AMR cycle is expected to provide a higher refrigeration efficiency than conventional refrigeration systems based a compression cycle using chlorofluorocarbon.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a magnetic refrigeration device according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another magnetic substance with flexibility shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating yet another magnetic substance with flexibility shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a further magnetic substance with flexibility shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view explaining the operation of the magnetic refrigeration device shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3B is another schematic cross-sectional view explaining the operation of the magnetic refrigeration device shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view explaining the operation of a Magnetic refrigeration device according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a unit structure of a magnetic refrigeration device according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a magnetic refrigeration device according to a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view explaining the operation of the magnetic refrigeration device shown in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is another schematic cross-sectional view explaining the operation of the magnetic refrigeration device shown in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a magnetic refrigeration device according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of a unit structure in a magnetic refrigeration device according to another modification of the fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of a unit structure in a magnetic refrigeration device according to yet another modification of the fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 10C is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of a unit structure in a magnetic refrigeration device according to a further another modification of the fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a magnetic refrigeration device according to a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a magnetic refrigeration system according to a sixth embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view illustrating the configuration of the elements of a magnetic refrigeration system according to a seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view illustrating the configuration of the elements of a magnetic refrigeration system according to an eighth embodiment.
  • a magnetic refrigeration device comprising:
  • each of the stationary members being formed of one of a magnetic body having a magnetocaloric effect, and a solid heat accumulation member having a heat accumulation effect, the adjacent ones of the stationary members opposing each other;
  • each of the movable members being formed of the other of the magnetic body and the solid heat accumulation member;
  • a magnetic field apply unit configured to start and stop application of a magnetic field to the magnetic body
  • a moving mechanism configured to selectively bring the movable members to the corresponding stationary members in synchronism with the start and stop of the application of the magnetic: field of the magnetic field apply unit.
  • a magnetic refrigeration system comprising:
  • each of the stationary members being formed of one of a magnetic body having a magnetocaloric effect, and a solid heat accumulation member having a heat accumulation effect, the adjacent ones of the stationary members opposing each other; and a plurality of movable members arranged in.
  • each of the movable members being formed of the other of the magnetic body and the solid heat accumulation member;
  • At least one magnetic field apply unit provided along the circle over or below the plurality of magnetic refrigeration devices and configured to start and stop application of a magnetic field to the magnetic body
  • a moving mechanism circle configured to selectively bring the movable members to the corresponding stationary members in synchronism with the start and stop of the application of the magnetic field of the magnetic field apply unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnetic refrigeration system according to a first embodiment.
  • This magnetic refrigeration system comprises a magnetic refrigeration device 1 .
  • the magnetic refrigeration device 1 has the following structure.
  • a plurality of plate-like solid heat accumulation members 3 which have a heat accumulation function and are formed rigid, are arranged in parallel to each other.
  • the solid heat accumulation members 3 are provided as stationary members.
  • Spaces 4 are defined between the respective pairs of the adjacent solid heat accumulation members.
  • Plate-like magnetic bodies 2 which have a magnetocaloric effect and are flexible, are provided in the spaces 4 defined between the respective pairs of the adjacent solid heat accumulation members 3 , and are arranged in parallel to each other.
  • the magnetic bodies 2 are provided as movable members.
  • the magnetic bodies can be brought into thermal contact with the adjacent solid heat accumulation members 3 .
  • the solid heat accumulation members 3 and the magnetic bodies 2 are arranged alternately.
  • Spacers 5 that define the spaces 4 are provided between the adjacent solid heat accumulation members 3 such that they support the opposite ends of each of the magnetic bodies 2
  • Each plate-like magnetic body 2 has a first surface 2 - 1 kept in contact with one inner surface 3 - 1 of one of the two solid heat accumulation members adjacent to said each magnetic body 2 , and also has a second surface 2 - 2 opposing one surface 3 - 2 of the other of the two solid heat accumulation members 3 .
  • the magnetic refrigeration system also comprises a contact drive unit 10 capable of moving the plate-like magnetic bodies 2 in directions N relative to the solid heat accumulation members 3 .
  • the contact drive unit 10 is formed of for example, a voltage driving mechanism for electrostatically driving the plate-like magnetic bodies 2 .
  • first and second voltages are selectively applied from the outside to the plate-like magnetic bodies 2 and the solid heat accumulation members 3 .
  • the inner surface 3 - 1 of the aforementioned one solid heat accumulation member 3 is brought into contact with the first surface 2 - 1 of said each plate-like magnetic body 2 if the applied voltage is switched from the first voltage to the second voltage, said each plate-like magnetic body 2 is deformed toward the inner surface 3 - 2 of the other solid heat accumulation member 3 to thereby bright the second surface 2 - 2 of said each magnetic body 2 into contact with the inner surface 3 - 2 .
  • each plate-like magnetic body 2 is deformed toward the inner surface 3 - 1 of the one solid heat accumulation member 3 to thereby bright the first surface 2 - 1 into contact with the inner surface 3 - 1 .
  • each magnetic body 2 When each magnetic body 2 generates heat, the first surface 2 - 1 thereof is brought into contact with the inner surface 3 - 1 of the one solid heat accumulation member 3 . As a result, the heat is conducted from said each magnetic body 2 to the one solid heat accumulation member 3 to thereby increase the temperature of the one solid heat accumulation member 3 . Further, as will be described in detail, when each magnetic body 2 absorbs heat, the second surface 2 - 2 thereof is brought into contact with the inner surface 3 - 2 of the other solid heat accumulation member 3 , with the result that the heat of the other solid heat accumulation member 3 is absorbed by said each magnetic body 2 and is therefore cooled.
  • the solid heat accumulation member located on one outermost side of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 is kept in thermal contact with a high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7
  • the solid heat accumulation member 3 located on the other outermost side of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 is kept in thermal contact with a low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 .
  • heat is conducted from the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 side to the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 side, whereby the heat of the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 is most absorbed and the temperature of the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 is most increased.
  • the exchanger 8 is cooled and the heat of the exchanger 7 is externally dissipated.
  • magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are provided so that they can move in a direction M parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B move in the direction M, they apply magnetic fields to the magnetic bodies 2 .
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B move in the direction opposite to the direction M, the applied magnetic fields gradually disappear.
  • the contact drive unit 10 is operated to bring each magnetic body 2 into contact with one of the corresponding adjacent solid heat accumulation members 3 .
  • the magnetic refrigeration device 1 heat is conducted by heat absorption or heat dissipation occurring in the magnetic bodies 2 , whereby the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 is cooled and the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 dissipates heat.
  • the magnetic refrigeration device of the first embodiment does not require a power source, such as a pump, for moving a refrigerant, and hence can increase the rate of refrigeration cycle. Accordingly, the magnetic refrigeration device of the first embodiment can be made compact and to have a high output. Further, if the magnetic refrigeration device of the first embodiment is used in a magnetic refrigeration system, the system can be made compact and to have a high output.
  • the magnetic refrigeration device 1 shown in FIG. 1 the magnetic bodies 2 are formed as movable members having flexibility
  • the magnetic refrigeration device i may be modified such that the magnetic bodies 2 have rigidity and are immovably fixed in position, and the solid heat accumulation members 3 are, instead, formed as movable members having flexibility.
  • the solid heat accumulation members 3 may be formed as movable (deformable) members having flexibility so that they is movable (deformable) in the direction N. In this case, each solid heat accumulation member 3 is deformed and brought into contact with the corresponding rigid magnetic bodies 2 opposing each other.
  • the magnetic bodies 2 as movable members have a structure in which they are formed of a single material to have deformable flexibility at their proximal ends, they may each have a structure as shown in FIG. 2A , which comprises a contact portion 2 A to be brought into contact with the corresponding solid heat accumulation members 3 as stationary members, and support portions 2 B supporting the contact portion 2 A.
  • the support members 2 B may preferably have a flexible structure formed of a material having a high fatigue resistance, such as iron, since they will repetitively receive pressure,
  • the magnetic bodies 2 may be constructed as shown in FIG. 2B .
  • the support portions 2 B of the magnetic bodies 2 as movable members are not fixed, but are slidable along guides 9 that are employed in place of the spacers 6 and extend along the longitudinal axis of the device 1 (i.e., extend parallel to the direction N).
  • the magnetic bodies 2 are brought into contact with the solid heat accumulation members 3 .
  • each magnetic body 2 as a movable member may be constructed as shown in FIG. 2C such that it is not fixed at any portion thereof, and is smoothly movable in the direction N on the corresponding spacer 5 in the corresponding gap 4 .
  • solid heat accumulation members 3 are formed flexible instead of the magnetic bodies 2 as mentioned, above, they may have the structures of FIGS. 2A to 2C , like the magnetic bodies 2 shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C .
  • the magnetic bodies 2 having a magnetocaloric effect are not limited in material. It is sufficient if the magnetic bodies exhibit the magnetocaloric effect.
  • the magnetic bodies may be formed of Gd (Gadolinium), a Gd compound mixed with various elements, an intermetallic compound comprising various rare earth elements and transition metal elements, an Ni 2 MnGa alloy, a GdGeSi-based compound, an LaFe 13 -based compound, an LaFe 13 H-based compound, etc.
  • the magnetic bodies are not limited to the plate-like shape, but may have other shapes, such as foil or the aforementioned flexible shapes.
  • the solid heat accumulation members 3 of the first embodiment are not limited in material, but may be formed of a metal, such as Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), Fe (iron) or stainless steel, or of a non-metallic material, such as silicon or carbon, or of ceramic, such as AlN (aluminum nitride), SIC (silicon carbide), alumina, or a composite of these materials.
  • a metal such as Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), Fe (iron) or stainless steel
  • a non-metallic material such as silicon or carbon
  • ceramic such as AlN (aluminum nitride), SIC (silicon carbide), alumina, or a composite of these materials.
  • the solid heat accumulation members 3 are not limited to the plate-like shape, but may have other shapes, such as foil or the aforementioned flexible shapes.
  • the magnetic bodies 2 and the solid heat accumulation members 3 may preferably be formed to have thicknesses and areas so that they have substantially the same heat capacity
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are arranged outside the magnetic refrigeration device 1 , with the device 1 interposed therebetween, thereby forming a magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B may be formed of permanent magnets or electromagnets.
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B can be moved in the direction indicated, by arrows N in FIG. 1 by a moving mechanism (not shown). As mentioned above, by moving the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B, application and removal of a magnetic field to and from the magnetic bodies 2 can be realized.
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are formed of electromagnets, application and removal of a magnetic field to and from the magnetic bodies 2 can be realized simply by permitting/interrupting the flow of current through the magnets, without moving the units 6 A and 6 B. Thus, in this case, no moving mechanism is necessary.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B the principle of basic heat conduction in the magnetic refrigeration device 1 will be described in more detail.
  • FIG. 3A shows a state in which the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B apply a magnetic field to the magnetic body 2 .
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B apply a magnetic field to the magnetic body 2
  • the temperature of the magnetic body 2 is increased by the magnetocaloric effect.
  • the magnetic body 2 is in contact with the solid heat accumulation member 3 A, and the heat produced is conducted to the solid heat accumulation member 3 A.
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are moved or are stopped to generate a magnetic field, thereby causing the magnetic field to disappear.
  • the temperature of the magnetic body is reduced by the magnetocaloric effect.
  • the magnetic body 2 is brought into contact with the solid heat accumulation member 3 B, whereby heat is conducted from the solid heat accumulation member 3 B to the magnetic body 2 if this operation is repeated in an adiabatic state, the heat is conducted from the solid heat accumulation member 3 B to the solid heat accumulation member 3 A, whereby a temperature difference will occur by a thermal storage effect between the accumulation members 3 A and 3 B.
  • the magnetic refrigeration device 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a stacked structure in which a plurality of unit structures similar to that shown in FIG. 3A are stacked. In this structure, temperature differences caused by the unit structures are held. Thus, in the magnetic refrigeration device 1 , a great temperature difference is obtained at the opposite ends of the device.
  • the heat conducted to an end of the stacked structure is dissipated to the outside via the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 .
  • heat is absorbed from the outside via the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 .
  • the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 and the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 are formed of, for example, Cu (copper) of a high thermal conductivity.
  • each magnetic body 2 (movable member) in the magnetic refrigeration device 1 is kept away from one of the corresponding solid heat accumulation member 3 and kept in contact with the other solid heat accumulation member 3 (stationary member) by the magnetic attractive forces applied by external magnetic fields. Namely, switching of magnetic member pairs is realized by the driving forces based on the magnetic attractive forces applied by the external magnetic fields.
  • the magnetic bodies 2 are constructed as movable members.
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B By moving the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B, application and removal of a magnetic field to and from the magnetic bodies 2 are realized, whereby the temperature of the magnetic bodies 2 are increased or reduced as a result of the magnetocaloric effect.
  • magnetic attractive forces are exerted between the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B and the magnetic bodies 2 . Accordingly, when the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are moved rightward in FIG. 4 , the temperatures of the magnetic bodies 2 as movable members, toward which the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B move, increase.
  • each magnetic body 2 itself is moved leftward and brought into contact with the right surface of the corresponding solid heat accumulation member 3 as indicated by arrow L, to conduct its heat to the surface.
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are moved away from said each magnetic body 2 , the temperature of said each magnetic body 2 as a movable member reduces.
  • said each magnetic body 2 is moved rightward and brought into contact with the left surface of the corresponding solid heat accumulation member 3 by the magnetic attractive forces of the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B, as is indicated by arrow R, thereby absorbing the heat thereof.
  • a magnetic refrigeration system according to a third embodiment will be described in a magnetic refrigeration device 1 incorporated in the magnetic refrigeration system shown in FIG. 5 , the forces for driving a magnetic body 2 (movable member) are imparted as electrostatic forces, whereby the solid heat accumulation member 3 (stationary member), with which the magnetic body 2 is brought into contact, is switched between the two solid heat accumulation members 3 .
  • FIG. 5 shows the unit structure of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 .
  • the magnetic body 2 or the solid heat accumulation member 3 is set as a movable member.
  • the magnetic body 2 is set as a movable member.
  • a voltage is applied between the magnetic body 2 and each of the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B for generating an electrostatic force therebetween.
  • the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B are formed of a conductive material that can serve as an electrode.
  • an insulation layer (dielectric layer) 9 is provided on the surface of each of the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B that oppose the magnetic body 2 .
  • a switching circuit 12 serving as a driving circuit and capable of switching the voltage polarity of the magnetic body 2 or the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B is connected to the magnetic refrigeration device 1 .
  • the positive and negative electrodes of a voltage source 13 are connected to the first terminals of a switching circuit 14 , and the positive electrode of the voltage source 13 is also connected to the magnetic body 2 .
  • the second terminals of the switching circuit 14 are connected to the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B, Further, the switching circuit 14 has switch elements fixed to the first terminals and movable simultaneously with each other. Each of the switch elements is selectively connected to the corresponding two second terminals.
  • the negative electrode of the voltage source 13 is connected to the one of the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B.
  • the switch elements of the switching circuit 14 are connected to the second terminals so that a positive bias is applied to the magnetic body 2 and the other solid heat accumulation member 3 B, and a negative bias is applied to the one solid heat accumulation member 3 A.
  • the insulation layers (dielectric layer) 9 are, provided on the surfaces of the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B, they may be provided on the surfaces of the magnetic bodies 2 and/or on the surfaces of the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B.
  • thermal resistance can be reduced. It is preferable to form the insulation layers 9 of a material of high thermal conductivity, such as diamond-like carbon,
  • FIG. 6 a magnetic refrigeration system according to a fourth embodiment will be described.
  • driving forces for the magnetic body 2 (movable member) are given as electrostatic forces, and the solid heat accumulation member (movable member), with which each magnetic body 2 is brought into contact, is switched between the one solid heat accumulation member 3 (stationary member) and the other solid heat accumulation member 3 (stationary member).
  • the magnetic refrigeration device shown in FIG. 6 is constructed as a device comprising a plurality of stacked basic units similar to the basic unit shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the magnetic bodies 2 as movable members are simultaneously operated in one direction or the other direction indicated by arrows N
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show operation examples of the device of FIG. 6 , More specifically, FIG. 7 shows a state in which magnetic fields are applied to the magnetic refrigeration device 1 by the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B. In the state of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows a state (a magnetic-field eliminated state) in which the magnetic fields applied to the magnetic refrigeration device 1 by the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are eliminated.
  • the magnetic bodies 2 are reduced in temperature due to the magnetocaloric effect, and are brought into contact with the corresponding right-side solid heat accumulation members 3 by electrostatic forces, whereby the solid heat accumulation members 3 absorb heat from the magnetic bodies 2 .
  • each of the magnetic bodies 2 as movable members in the magnetic refrigeration device 1 is controlled in accordance with movement of the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B.
  • each of the solid heat accumulation members 3 as stationary members to have a two-layer structure comprising first and second stationary pieces 3 A and 3 B
  • the magnetic bodies 2 (movable members) can be operated independently of each other.
  • the stationary members 3 A and 3 B as the first, and second stationary pieces can be realized by configuring the switching circuit 12 so that a positive or negative polarity voltage can be applied to the circuit independently of each other.
  • the magnetic bodies 2 When a positive bias is applied to the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B, the magnetic bodies 2 , to which a positive bias is applied, are moved away from the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B as the first and second stationary pieces. In contrast, when a negative bias is applied to the solid heat accumulation members 3 A and 3 B, the magnetic bodies 2 are brought into contact with the members 3 A and 3 B, as the first and second stationary pieces.
  • FIGS. 10A , 10 B and 10 C are views useful in explaining how the magnetic bodies 2 as movable members are moved by both the magnetic attractive forces and the electrostatic attractive forces.
  • a bias is applied to the magnetic refrigeration device 1 so that electrostatic attractive forces are applied in the forwarding direction M of the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B, as shown in FIG. 10A . More specifically, a positive potential is applied to the solid heat accumulation member 3 A (in FIGS.
  • the magnetic attractive forces generated by the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are each designed to be higher than the electrostatic attractive force. Therefore, in this magnetic refrigeration device, when the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B approach the magnetic body 2 , a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic body 2 to cause the magnetic body 2 to generate heat. Further, at this time, since the magnetic attractive force is greater than the electrostatic attractive force, the magnetic body 2 contacting the right-hand solid heat accumulation member 3 B is moved toward the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B (in the direction indicated by arrow L) and then brought into contact with the left-hand solid heat accumulation member 3 A.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10C Although in the embodiment of FIGS. 10A to 10C , system is described in which the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are moved in one direction along the magnetic body 2 , another system may be employed in which the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are reciprocated along the magnetic body 2 .
  • each space 4 of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 is kept low. Since each space 4 in the magnetic refrigeration device 1 is reduced in pressure, the thermal resistance therein is increased to thereby suppress reverse flow of heat from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side, i.e., to enhance the thermal conduction efficiency.
  • the magnetic refrigeration system of the fifth embodiment is realized by containing the magnetic refrigeration device 1 in a sealed decompression container 21 as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the decompression container 21 is formed of a non-magnetic material, e.g., a resin such as plastic.
  • the decompression container 12 may be formed of a metal, such as aluminum, to enhance its strength.
  • the magnetic refrigeration devices shown in FIGS. 1 to 11 can be realized as such a magnetic refrigeration system as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the magnetic refrigeration system of the fifth embodiment.
  • Four magnetic refrigeration devices 1 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 are provided along a first circle, and two pairs of magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are provided along second and third circles coaxially defined over and below the first circle.
  • two magnetic field apply units 6 A are secured to an upper rotary plate 30 A that defines the second circle
  • two magnetic field apply units 6 B are secured to a lower rotary plate 30 B that defines the third circle.
  • the four magnetic refrigeration devices 1 are structured as a magnetic refrigeration device unit that includes the solid heat accumulation members 3 and the magnetic bodies 2 and excludes the contact drive unit 10 and the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B.
  • the upper and lower rotary plates 30 A and 30 B are secured to a rotary shaft 32 located at the center of the first circle along which the magnetic refrigeration devices 1 are provided.
  • the upper and lower rotary plates 30 A and 30 B are rotated in synchronism with each other.
  • the rotary shaft 32 is rotated by, for example, a motor (not shown).
  • the magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are repeatedly and simultaneously made to approach each magnetic refrigeration device 1 and depart therefrom. The repeated approaching and departing from the magnetic refrigeration devices 1 cause heat conduction in the devices 1 as mentioned above.
  • pairs of magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B are provided on the rotary plates 30 A and 30 B, one pair of, or three or more pairs of magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B may be provided. In view of stabilizing the rotation of the rotary plates 30 A and 30 B, it is desirable to arrange pairs of magnetic field apply units 6 A and 6 B point-symmetrical with respect to the rotary shaft 32 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view illustrating the configuration of a magnetic refrigeration system according to a sixth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13 , four magnetic refrigeration devices 1 - 1 , 1 - 2 , 1 - 3 and 1 - 4 are provided between the upper and lower rotary plates 30 A and 30 B along the some circle.
  • high-temperature-side heat exchangers 7 - 1 , 7 - 2 , 7 - 3 and 7 - 4 corresponding to the four magnetic refrigeration devices 1 - 1 , 1 - 2 , 1 - 3 and 1 - 4 are connected to a heat dissipation unit 34 thermally in parallel with each other.
  • low-temperature-side heat exchangers 8 - 1 , 8 - 2 , 8 - 3 and 8 - 4 corresponding to the four magnetic refrigeration devices 1 - 1 , 1 - 2 , 1 - 3 and 1 - 4 are connected to a heat absorption unit 36 thermally in parallel with each other.
  • the heat produced by a magnetic refrigeration cycle at the high-temperature-side heat exchangers 7 - 1 , 7 - 2 , 7 - 3 and 7 - 4 is conducted to the heat dissipation unit 34 via, for example, heat exchangers 37 - 1 , 37 - 2 , 37 - 3 and 37 - 4 .
  • the cold energy produced by a magnetic refrigeration cycle at the low-temperature-side heat exchangers 8 - 1 , 8 - 2 , 8 - 3 and 8 - 4 is conducted to the heat absorption unit 36 via, for example, heat exchangers 38 - 1 , 38 - 2 , 38 - 3 and 38 - 4 .
  • Conduction of heat and cold energy to the heat dissipation unit 34 and the heat absorption unit 36 indicated by the solid and broken lines in FIG. 13 can be realized utilizing a known heat exchanging gas or liquid, or utilizing solid heat conduction.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view illustrating the structure of a magnetic refrigeration system according to a seventh embodiment.
  • four magnetic refrigeration devices 1 - 1 , 1 - 2 , 1 - 3 and 1 - 4 are connected thermally in series, unlike the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the adjacent ends of the magnetic refrigeration devices 1 - 1 , 1 - 2 , 1 - 3 and 1 - 4 are connected to each other via heat conductors 40 - 1 , 40 - 2 and 40 - 3 .
  • a high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 is coupled to the other end of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 - 1 as an end device of the four magnetic refrigeration devices 1 - 1 , 1 - 2 , 1 - 3 and 1 - 4 , and is connected to a heat dissipation unit 34 via a heat conductor 42 - 1 .
  • a low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 is coupled to the other end of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 - 4 as the other end device, and is connected to a heat absorption unit 36 via a heat conductor 42 - 2 .
  • the magnetic transition temperature of the magnetic bodies of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 - 1 with the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 is set higher than that of the magnetic bodies of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 - 4 with the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 .
  • the magnetic transition temperature is gradually reduced in the order of from the magnetic bodies of the magnetic refrigeration device 1 - 1 with the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 , through the magnetic bodies of the adjacent magnetic refrigeration devices 1 - 2 and 1 - 3 , to the magnetic bodies of the last magnetic refrigeration device 1 - 4 with the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 .
  • the magnetic bodies of the last magnetic refrigeration device 1 - 4 has the lowest magnetic transition temperature.
  • the high-temperature-side heat exchanger 7 of the magnetic refrigeration devices constructed as above is thermally connected to the heat dissipation unit 34
  • the low-temperature-side heat exchanger 8 is thermally connected to the heat absorption unit 36 .
  • the magnetic field apply units of the magnetic field apply/eliminate mechanism are rotated, they may be reciprocated with respect to the magnetic refrigeration devices.
  • a linear driving actuator or a cam mechanism for converting the rotational motion into linear motion.
  • the relative motion of the magnetic field apply units and the magnetic refrigeration devices may be manually realized, or be realized utilizing part of the driving force of a vehicle, or utilizing natural energy, such as wind, power, wave power or water power.
  • the elements which may be incorporated in the magnetic refrigeration device or system, have not been described, the elements required for the magnetic refrigeration device or system may be selected and used appropriately.
  • the magnetic refrigeration devices of the embodiments do not require a refrigerant and hence can realize a high-speed refrigeration cycle. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a compact magnetic refrigeration device of a high output. Further, it is also possible to provide a compact magnetic refrigeration system of a high output by incorporating therein the high-output compact magnetic refrigeration device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
US13/730,360 2012-03-29 2012-12-28 Magnetic refrigeration device and magnetic refrigeration system Abandoned US20130255279A1 (en)

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JP2012076718A JP5677351B2 (ja) 2012-03-29 2012-03-29 磁気冷凍デバイス及び磁気冷凍システム
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US10422555B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2019-09-24 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump
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US10684044B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2020-06-16 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a rotating heat exchanger
US10782051B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-09-22 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10830506B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-11-10 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Variable speed magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10876770B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-12-29 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Method for operating an elasto-caloric heat pump with variable pre-strain
US10989449B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-04-27 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with radial supports
CN112789455A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2021-05-11 大金工业株式会社 磁冷冻系统
US11009282B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2021-05-18 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump
US11015843B2 (en) 2019-05-29 2021-05-25 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump hydraulic system
US11015842B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-05-25 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with radial polarity alignment
US11022348B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2021-06-01 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump for an appliance
US11054176B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-07-06 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a modular magnet system
US11092364B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-08-17 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a heat transfer fluid circuit
US11112146B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2021-09-07 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Heat pump and cascaded caloric regenerator assembly
US11149994B2 (en) 2019-01-08 2021-10-19 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Uneven flow valve for a caloric regenerator
US11168926B2 (en) 2019-01-08 2021-11-09 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Leveraged mechano-caloric heat pump
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US20160356529A1 (en) * 2015-06-08 2016-12-08 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Temperature control unit, especially vehicle temperature control unit
US10119731B2 (en) * 2015-06-08 2018-11-06 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Temperature control unit, especially vehicle temperature control unit
CN113163688A (zh) * 2015-12-21 2021-07-23 联合工艺公司 电热热传递模块化堆垛
US20190003747A1 (en) * 2015-12-21 2019-01-03 United Technologies Corporation Electrocaloric heat transfer modular stack
US10541070B2 (en) 2016-04-25 2020-01-21 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Method for forming a bed of stabilized magneto-caloric material
US10299655B2 (en) 2016-05-16 2019-05-28 General Electric Company Caloric heat pump dishwasher appliance
US10047980B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2018-08-14 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump
US10274231B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2019-04-30 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump system
US10281177B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2019-05-07 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump system
US10222101B2 (en) * 2016-07-19 2019-03-05 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump
US10295227B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2019-05-21 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump system
US10047979B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2018-08-14 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump
US10648703B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2020-05-12 Haier US Applicance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump system
US20180023862A1 (en) * 2016-07-19 2018-01-25 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump
US10443585B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2019-10-15 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Pump for a heat pump system
US10386096B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-08-20 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magnet assembly for a magneto-caloric heat pump
US10288326B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-05-14 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Conduction heat pump
US10527325B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2020-01-07 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Refrigerator appliance
US11009282B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2021-05-18 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump
US10451320B2 (en) 2017-05-25 2019-10-22 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Refrigerator appliance with water condensing features
US10451322B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2019-10-22 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump
US10422555B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2019-09-24 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump
US10520229B2 (en) 2017-11-14 2019-12-31 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump for an appliance
US11022348B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2021-06-01 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump for an appliance
US10557649B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-02-11 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Variable temperature magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10551095B2 (en) * 2018-04-18 2020-02-04 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10648705B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-05-12 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10648706B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-05-12 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with an axially pinned magneto-caloric cylinder
US10648704B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-05-12 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10782051B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-09-22 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10830506B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-11-10 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Variable speed magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10876770B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2020-12-29 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Method for operating an elasto-caloric heat pump with variable pre-strain
US20190323760A1 (en) * 2018-04-18 2019-10-24 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10641539B2 (en) * 2018-04-18 2020-05-05 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly
US10989449B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-04-27 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with radial supports
US11054176B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-07-06 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a modular magnet system
US11015842B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-05-25 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with radial polarity alignment
US11092364B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-08-17 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a heat transfer fluid circuit
US10684044B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2020-06-16 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a rotating heat exchanger
CN112789455A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2021-05-11 大金工业株式会社 磁冷冻系统
US11149994B2 (en) 2019-01-08 2021-10-19 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Uneven flow valve for a caloric regenerator
US11168926B2 (en) 2019-01-08 2021-11-09 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Leveraged mechano-caloric heat pump
US11193697B2 (en) 2019-01-08 2021-12-07 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Fan speed control method for caloric heat pump systems
US11274860B2 (en) 2019-01-08 2022-03-15 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Mechano-caloric stage with inner and outer sleeves
US11112146B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2021-09-07 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Heat pump and cascaded caloric regenerator assembly
US11015843B2 (en) 2019-05-29 2021-05-25 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Caloric heat pump hydraulic system

Also Published As

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EP2645015A2 (fr) 2013-10-02
CN103363715B (zh) 2015-11-18
CN103363715A (zh) 2013-10-23
EP2645015A3 (fr) 2014-08-13
JP5677351B2 (ja) 2015-02-25
JP2013204973A (ja) 2013-10-07

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