US20130175034A1 - Drill hole plugs - Google Patents

Drill hole plugs Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130175034A1
US20130175034A1 US13/821,408 US201113821408A US2013175034A1 US 20130175034 A1 US20130175034 A1 US 20130175034A1 US 201113821408 A US201113821408 A US 201113821408A US 2013175034 A1 US2013175034 A1 US 2013175034A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
grout
plug
drill hole
plugging
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/821,408
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey Bruce Phillips
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Rise Mining Developments Pty Ltd
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Rise Mining Developments Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2010904174A external-priority patent/AU2010904174A0/en
Application filed by Rise Mining Developments Pty Ltd filed Critical Rise Mining Developments Pty Ltd
Assigned to RISE MINING DEVELOPMENTS PTY LTD reassignment RISE MINING DEVELOPMENTS PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PHILLIPS, JEFFREY BRUCE
Publication of US20130175034A1 publication Critical patent/US20130175034A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/134—Bridging plugs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mining, and more specifically blocking off mining exploration drill holes.
  • the invention has particular application for blocking off underground diamond drill exploration holes, however the product may also be applied to surface drill holes.
  • diamond drill crews begin drilling from the first available underground location to allow geologists to better define the ore body so that the design of the mine can be optimised. Therefore exploration drilling usually occurs in advance of the mine development, and typically the exploration drill holes range from horizontal to downward dipping to delineate the ore body beneath and to the side of the main access.
  • Prior art methods for plugging exploration drill holes include various mechanical devices and/or grouting.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,756,316 (Van Ruth) describes a mechanical bore hole plug which can be passed through a drill stem to plug a bore hole.
  • a variety of these kinds of plugs are available as can be seen at http://www.vanruth.com.au/default.htm. These plugs are not suitable to block an exploration drill hole on their own to prevent rifling. Specifically, they are designed for static forces whereas an explosive intersection of a diamond drill hole results in substantial dynamic forces. There is a substantial risk that the plug will blow out and become a projectile, particularly since it is only anchored in the very collar of the hole where there is often broken ground.
  • packer are available which are similar to the Van Ruth plug in that they are mechanical devices for plugging a drill hole. They are also referred to as Margo plugs in Canada. A packer may be made with a longer stem which would place its rubber anchor further in the hole so that it is less affected by the broken ground at the collar. Even so, the same criticisms apply as to the Van Ruth plug above; it is dangerous to use a packer to protect from rifling when subject to dynamic forces.
  • Grouting the full length of exploration drill holes is not practical, where holes may be up to 200 m or more in length, and those that are angled upward beyond 30 m or so are technically impossible to grout full length. An alternative therefore is to grout the collar of the hole which will effectively prevent rifling.
  • “Grout” is a term that is used to refer to cementitious slurries used in mining which may cure to a strength similar to that of concrete (harder, but typically more brittle).
  • a basic grout may be as simple as a mixture of Portland cement and water.
  • Grout is mostly used for ground support in mining which involves anchoring a tendon into a hole that has been drilled in the surrounding rock for stabilisation of the strata above and around mine excavations.
  • grouts tend to have additives included in addition to Portland cement, such as plasticisers to increase fluidity and reduce the hydration requirement for curing, accelerators or retarders to reduce or delay curing time, and additives to improve bond strength particularly with reinforcing steel, i.e. ground support elements.
  • plasticisers to increase fluidity and reduce the hydration requirement for curing
  • accelerators or retarders to reduce or delay curing time
  • additives to improve bond strength particularly with reinforcing steel, i.e. ground support elements.
  • grout is also used to simply fill voids or prevent high pressure water inflow.
  • WC ratio water/cement ratios
  • Greater than 0.35 WC ratio gives a runny slurry which needs a grouting technique using a breather tube to bleed the air out.
  • Less than 0.35 WC ratio gives a thick grout mix being the consistency of toothpaste in which case the operator slowly withdraws the pump delivery tube as the grout enters the hole.
  • the grout with the lower WC ratio will be the stronger one.
  • the present invention was developed with a view to providing a plug and method of plugging a mining drill hole that is less susceptible to the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
  • a grout plug for plugging a drill hole in a mine comprising:
  • a volume of dry grout material in particulate form contained in the sleeve wherein, in use, when the plug is exposed to water it mixes with the grout material to form a slurry which can seep through the porous sleeve when the plug is tamped into the drill hole to block the drill hole when the grout material cures.
  • the porous sleeve is made from a water-absorbent material wherein, in use, the porous sleeve helps maintain a moist environment in the hole during curing by wicking moisture to the grout to assist with curing the grout.
  • the porous sleeve is made from a lightweight, biodegradable mesh material.
  • the porous sleeve is made from hessian or jute.
  • the plug further comprises a liner of water-soluble material, the liner being provided within the porous sleeve for containing the grout material within the porous sleeve in its dry form and wherein, in use, when the plug is exposed to water the liner dissolves.
  • the liner is in the form of an inner sleeve made from a thin film of plastics material which is separate from the porous sleeve.
  • the sleeve is designed with a curved leading edge for installation to assist in guiding the grout plug into a hole of only marginally larger diameter.
  • the grout plug is cylindrical or sausage shaped, and is preferably 600 mm in length.
  • the grout plug may be of varying outer diameters, but preferably the grout plug has an outer diameter of about 46 mm, 58 mm, 74 mm or 94 mm.
  • a grout plug for plugging a drill hole in a mine comprising:
  • the porous sleeve is made from a water-absorbent material wherein, in use, the porous sleeve helps maintain a moist environment in the hole during curing by wicking moisture to the grout to assist with curing the grout.
  • the porous sleeve is made from a lightweight, biodegradable mesh material.
  • the porous sleeve is made from hessian or jute, which is a low cost, environmentally sustainable material.
  • the liner is in the form of an inner sleeve received within the porous sleeve.
  • the liner is in the form of an inner sleeve made from a thin film of plastics material which is separate from the porous sleeve.
  • the liner is formed integral to the porous sleeve.
  • the liner is made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which is a water soluble plastic that dissolves within seconds when immersed in water.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the grout material is ordinary Portland cement. However, depending on the application various additives may be added to the grout material or cement as required, such as plasticisers, retarders, accelerators, clays, and aggregates.
  • the grout material may be comprised chiefly of bentonite clay or other clay, as required.
  • the grout plug is cylindrical or sausage shaped, and preferably is 600 mm in length.
  • a clay plug for plugging a drill hole comprising:
  • a liner of water-soluble material the liner being provided within the porous sleeve for containing the clay material within the porous sleeve in its dry form;
  • a substantially solid central core of low permeability running substantially the length of the plug.
  • This embodiment has particular application for sealing water flow from a drill hole.
  • the central core comprises wood, metal, steel or cured grout.
  • the clay material is bentonite or other suitable clay material.
  • the clay is typically in particulate form, or other suitable form.
  • a plug system for plugging a drill hole comprising one or more grout plugs of the present invention, in combination with one or more clay plugs according to the invention.
  • a drill hole in a mine comprising:
  • the method further comprises the step of maintaining a moist environment in the drill hole during curing by employing a water-absorbent material to make the porous sleeve wherein, in use, the porous sleeve assists with curing the grout by wicking moisture to the grout.
  • the method further comprises the step of providing a liner of water-soluble material, the liner being provided within the porous sleeve for containing the grout material within the porous sleeve in its dry form and wherein, in use, when the plug is immersed in water it is allowed to soak for the prescribed time until the liner completely dissolves.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a grout plug in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cut-away section view of the grout plug of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a first step in the process of constructing the grout plug of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second step in the process of constructing the grout plug of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates how the grout plug in accordance with the present invention can be used to prevent rifling and venting in underground exploration drill holes
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a preferred method of installing the grout plugs in accordance with the present invention in a drill hole
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a second preferred embodiment of a clay plug in accordance with the present invention.
  • a preferred embodiment of grout plug 10 in accordance with the invention comprises an elongate sleeve 12 of porous material adapted to be received in a drill hole (see FIG. 5 ).
  • the porous sleeve 12 contains a volume of dry grout material 14 in particulate form.
  • the plug 10 When the plug 10 is exposed to water it mixes with the grout material 14 to form a slurry which can squeeze through the porous sleeve when the plug is tamped into the drill hole. In this way the grout plug 10 can be used to block the drill hole once the grout material 14 cures.
  • the grout plug 10 further comprises a liner 16 of water-soluble material.
  • the liner 16 is provided within the porous sleeve 12 for containing the grout material 14 within the porous sleeve 12 in its dry form.
  • the liner 16 dissolves and the water mixes with the grout material 14 to form a slurry.
  • the slurry can seep through the porous sleeve when the plug 10 is tamped into the drill hole to block the drill hole when the grout material cures.
  • the porous sleeve 12 is made from a water-absorbent material wherein, in use, the porous sleeve 12 helps maintain a moist environment in the hole during curing by wicking moisture to the grout material 14 to assist with curing the grout.
  • the porous sleeve 12 is made from a lightweight, biodegradable mesh material.
  • the porous sleeve 12 is made from hessian or jute, which is a low cost, environmentally sustainable material. In the described embodiment 18 oz hessian is employed to make the porous sleeve 12 .
  • the liner 16 is in the form of an inner sleeve received within the porous sleeve 12 .
  • the liner 16 is made from a thin film of plastics material which is separate from the porous sleeve 12 .
  • the liner 16 is formed integral to the porous sleeve 12 .
  • the liner 16 is made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which is a water soluble polymer that dissolves within seconds when immersed in water.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the grout material 14 is ordinary Portland cement. However depending on the application various additives may be required such as plasticisers, retarders or accelerators, and aggregates.
  • a currently preferred process of manufacturing the grout plugs 10 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 .
  • a rectangular, elongate sheet of hessian or jute material 14 is cut and folded in half length ways as shown in FIG. 3 . Then the open side and one end of the sheet 14 is stitched together along the stitch line 18 as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the resulting sleeve 12 is turned inside out to conceal the hem.
  • the sleeve 12 is designed with a curved leading edge 26 for installation to assist in guiding the grout plug 10 into a hole of only marginally larger diameter.
  • the plug 10 still needs to be capable of installation even where the hole may have surface irregularities through deviation or broken ground.
  • the PVA liner 16 is formed in a similar way, either by stitching or heat welding along the open side and one end to form an inner sleeve.
  • the PVA liner 16 is not turned inside out. Assembly is simple and involves inserting the PVA liner 16 into the hessian or jute sleeve 12 and filling it with the dry grout powder 14 (and the central core if the configuration requires, as discussed below for the second embodiment 40 ).
  • the grout plugs preferably have a bulk density after filling with grout of 1.5-2.5 g/cc, more preferably about 1.9 g/cc. This is driven by the need for the grout plug to retain its shape for installation, and to maintain a low water:cement ratio on immersion. Both sleeves 12 and 16 are then wire tied or cable tied at the open tail end, resulting in the completed grout plug 10 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the completed grout plug 10 is cylindrical or sausage shaped and typically is manufactured in lengths of 600 mm, with an outer diameter of about 46 mm (allowing a tolerance of about 2 mm within a drill hole with 48 mm inside diameter, and allowing for bit wear and irregularities within the hole).
  • the grout material extrudes through the hessian sleeve 12 to engage more fully with the hole and make up the hole diameter.
  • the outer diameter of the porous sleeve 12 may be selected to suit the nominal drill hole size. Colour-coded hessian may be used to clearly identify different diameter plugs for ease of use for the various standard diameter drill holes.
  • the grout plugs 10 will nominally be 2 mm smaller in diameter than the new bit size for each of the standard sizes shown below, to allow for bit wear.
  • the PVA liner 16 may not be in the form of a separate inner sleeve 16 as in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the liner 16 could be formed integral to the porous sleeve 12 , as a layer on the inside or outside of the sleeve 12 which blocks the pores in the porous hessian material.
  • the liner helps to prevent the grout powder, typically Portland cement, from leaking through the pores of the porous sleeve 12 .
  • the liner 16 could be dispensed with altogether if a degree of leakage of the dry grout material during transport and storage can be tolerated.
  • the grout material may be selected to be of a particle size that cannot easily escape through the pores of the porous sleeve 12 in its dry form.
  • the method preferably comprises filling an elongate sleeve 12 of porous material, adapted to be received in a drill hole, with a volume of dry grout material 14 in particulate form to form a grout plug 10 as described above.
  • One or more of the grout plugs 10 are then provided to a mine site ready for use in the event that a drill hole needs to be blocked.
  • Rigidity is provided by using a hessian or jute skin, and leakage of a small amount of grout through this skin during handling is inconsequential in comparison to the advantage gained through maintaining simplicity of use and low cost.
  • each grout plug 10 is immersed in water for a prescribed time until the water mixes with the grout material 14 to form a slurry. Soaking the grout plug 10 until the cessation of production of bubbles, generally around 2-3 minutes, dissolves the PVA liner 16 and automatically wets the grout to a WC ratio of 0.35, which develops a strong, low shrink grout. This avoids the requirement for mixing.
  • PVA is commonly used in the concreting industry and has a documented effect of increasing the strength and decreasing the porosity of the cured product.
  • the diluted PVA content of the water in which the grout plugs soaks is unlikely to provide any advantage. More importantly it will not be detrimental to the integrity of the cured grout.
  • One or more wetted grout plugs 10 is then inserted in the drill hole 20 and each grout plug is tamped into the drill hole so that some of the grout material extrudes or squeezes out through the weave of the porous hessian sleeve 12 , as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 .
  • Tamping is typically done using a rigid plastic tube 24 , and is similar to the process used for tamping explosives into a drill hole. Tamping it into the drill hole 20 avoids the requirement for pumping, and the time to set up and strip down a grout pump. The grout quality does not suffer, and in fact the self wetting aspect of the grout plug removes the human error involved in achieving a certain WC ratio.
  • the grout material is then allowed to cure so that the one or more of the grout plugs block the drill hole. Typically up to five of the 600 mm grout plugs 10 may be tamped into the collar of the drill hole 22 to form a 3 m plug.
  • the method of the invention further comprises the step of maintaining a moist environment in the drill hole during curing by employing a water-absorbent material to make the porous sleeve 12 .
  • the porous sleeve 12 assists with curing the grout by wicking moisture to the grout.
  • the method may include the further step of providing a liner 16 of water-soluble material as noted above.
  • the drill hole 20 is effectively sealed off with a 3 m grout plug, being five such sausages tamped into place one behind the other, for the purpose of preventing rifling. Mines would be free to use more or less sausages as the circumstances dictate. Curing time is achieved with an initial set at 24 hours, early strength at 7 days and full strength at 28 days. A 7 day cure is sufficient to prevent rifling, although earlier set times may be achieved by using alternate cements.
  • the hessian or jute sleeve 12 is economical, environmentally sustainable, and allows some storage of moisture and the wicking of moisture to the grout material 14 to assist with curing the grout.
  • the curing of grout is essentially the same as curing concrete. It is assisted by continued hydration, resulting in a stronger end result than if it cures in a dry environment.
  • the grout plugs 10 are intended to block exploration drill holes to prevent rifling or venting from blasts at any location along the hole if that hole is intersected at a later date.
  • the grout plugs 10 are designed to quickly, efficiently and economically make a mine drill hole safe for these circumstances. Additives would generally not be required for this purpose since they will increase the cost and complexity of the product where the basic product satisfies the purpose at the lowest cost.
  • the grout plugs 10 according to the first embodiment are not intended to completely seal off the hole 20 from the flow of groundwater or gases but may in some instances be able to do this.
  • a second embodiment of a clay plug 40 of the invention as illustrated in FIG. 8 resembles the first embodiment in many ways and will not be described in detail.
  • the clay plug 40 comprises an elongate sleeve 42 of porous material containing a volume of clay material 44 which in this instance is bentonite clay (although other clays may also be suitable).
  • the clay plug 40 further includes a liner 46 of water-soluble material, and a substantially solid central core 48 running substantially the length of the plug.
  • the central core 48 is preferably of low permeability and typically made from a substance such as wood, metal, steel or cured grout.
  • the central core 48 forms a substrate against which the clay material may cure or seal. This will prevent the clay material from remaining dry at the core of the plug, and will provide surface pressure for the sealing property of the clay.
  • the clay plug 40 has particular application for sealing water flow from a drill hole.
  • the advantage of using bentonite clay as the “grouting” material in this embodiment is that bentonite clay slowly expands and seals when in contact with water.
  • the bentonite 44 needs to be in a relatively thin annulus (as can be seen in FIG. 8 ), for example about 10 mm to 15 mm thickness. Therefore to seal a bore hole of 48 to 96 mm diameter a low permeability core needs to be included inside the plug.
  • the central core needs to be 54 mm (74 mm less two “thicknesses” of 10 mm each for the bentonite).
  • the problem with the bentonite is it will seal itself from the water, remaining dry if it is thicker than about 15 mm. In this instance it will not provide sealing pressure against the hole because the dry bentonite inside does not expand, and in fact it will compress eliminating the sealing pressure from the wet bentonite in contact with the hole.
  • a still further aspect of the invention relates to a plug system for plugging a drill hole, such as in a mine.
  • the plug system (not shown in the drawings) comprises a combination of one or more grout plugs 10 with one or more clay plugs 40 .
  • the system has application for sealing water flow from a drill hole.
  • a clay plug 40 with bentonite is firstly placed in a drill hole followed by one or more grout plugs 10 behind the clay plug. The grout plug(s) then cure behind the bentonite plug forming a secure seal.
  • porous sleeve may be made from any suitable material. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
US13/821,408 2010-09-15 2011-09-15 Drill hole plugs Abandoned US20130175034A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2010904174A AU2010904174A0 (en) 2010-09-15 Grout Plugs
AU2010904174 2010-09-15
PCT/AU2011/001188 WO2012034181A1 (en) 2010-09-15 2011-09-15 Drill hole plugs

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US20130175034A1 true US20130175034A1 (en) 2013-07-11

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US13/821,408 Abandoned US20130175034A1 (en) 2010-09-15 2011-09-15 Drill hole plugs

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US (1) US20130175034A1 (pt)
EP (1) EP2616634A1 (pt)
CN (1) CN103221631A (pt)
AP (1) AP3306A (pt)
AU (1) AU2011301781B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR112013005961A2 (pt)
CA (1) CA2809690A1 (pt)
CL (1) CL2013000635A1 (pt)
EA (1) EA201390376A1 (pt)
MX (1) MX2013003020A (pt)
PE (1) PE20131356A1 (pt)
WO (1) WO2012034181A1 (pt)

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WO2018213917A1 (en) * 2017-05-22 2018-11-29 Hy-Tech Drilling Ltd Drill hole inner tube plug
CN109252856A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-01-22 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 通过钻孔孔径变化进行垂向截水和侧向堵水的压水试验止水方法
CN109900697A (zh) * 2019-01-18 2019-06-18 浙江大学 一种半灌浆套筒饱满程度检查装置及使用方法
CN112814613A (zh) * 2021-01-05 2021-05-18 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 用于矿井上探放水钻孔的封孔装置和封孔方法

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CN102979478B (zh) * 2012-12-05 2013-11-06 山东大学 涌水钻孔止水装置
PT3094814T (pt) 2014-01-13 2019-11-04 Rise Mining Dev Pty Ltd Tampão de perfuração com junta cirular melhorada
CN104196488B (zh) * 2014-08-11 2016-09-14 姚燕明 水下勘探孔封孔工艺
CN109869117A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-11 中国核电工程有限公司 用于钻孔的封孔塞及对钻孔进行封孔的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018213917A1 (en) * 2017-05-22 2018-11-29 Hy-Tech Drilling Ltd Drill hole inner tube plug
CN109252856A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-01-22 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 通过钻孔孔径变化进行垂向截水和侧向堵水的压水试验止水方法
CN109900697A (zh) * 2019-01-18 2019-06-18 浙江大学 一种半灌浆套筒饱满程度检查装置及使用方法
CN112814613A (zh) * 2021-01-05 2021-05-18 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 用于矿井上探放水钻孔的封孔装置和封孔方法

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WO2012034181A8 (en) 2012-06-28
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AU2011301781B2 (en) 2015-08-20
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