US20130119228A1

US20130119228A1 - Architecture unit of concrete structure and architecture constructing method thereof

Info

Publication number: US20130119228A1
Application number: US13/698,771
Authority: US
Inventors: Yoshio Kamata; Kazumasa Yama
Original assignee: NIHON KANKYO SEIZOU KK
Current assignee: NIHON KANKYO SEIZOU KK
Priority date: 2010-05-20
Filing date: 2010-05-20
Publication date: 2013-05-16
Also published as: WO2011145197A1; CN102791936A; KR20130073866A

Abstract

An architecture unit of a concrete structure is formed by providing a pair of wall bodies facing each other substantially in parallel with each other on a foundation. The wall bodies are each composed of a porous steel-made formwork panel having large and small ribs formed on a surface thereof, a runner provided with a fitting groove fitted with lower ends of a plurality of formwork panels arranged side by side, and a cap fitted with upper ends thereof. A long-plate-like lower fixing member provided with ribs at both ends thereof is spanned and fixed on a lower face of the runner so as to be substantially perpendicular to the runner, and a long-plate-like upper fixing member provided with ribs at both ends thereof is spanned and fixed on a top face of the cap so as to be substantially perpendicular to the cap.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an architecture unit of a concrete structure and an architecture constructing method of the same, and in particular to an architecture unit of a concrete structure used for a foundation structure and a wall of a building and an architecture constructing method of the same.

BACKGROUND ART

In general, a concrete structure of a foundation structure, a wall, or the like of a building is constructed by installing formworks in a construction site and casting concrete in a space formed between the formworks. Plywood forms made of wood conventionally used are dismantled, cleaned and recycled after the concrete is hardened.
In addition to such a plywood form made of wood, a framework made of steel and called “lath form” spreads to be used in architecture construction of a concrete structure. The lath form is buried back as it is after concrete casting without being dismantled and recycled. Therefore, a plate-like portion of a formwork main body is formed in a metal mesh shape so that cost reduction of a material is achieved. Further, by performing formation into such a mesh shape, weight reduction of the whole formworks is realized to elevate construction ease and by causing excess water in concrete to leak from holes of the mesh, curing of concrete with high quality can be made possible.
As one of the conventional techniques using such lath forms, a lath form construction method and a sheathing board for a lath form disclosed in Patent Document 1 have been proposed.
The sheathing board for a lath form has such a configuration that a convex-shaped strut portion with a substantially U shape in section protruded outward and a lath net portion are formed integrally, where by fixing a horizontal batten to an outer face of a protrusion end face of the convex-shaped strut portion protruded outward to pile a formwork, rigidity when piling is performed as a formwork is reinforced while weight reduction and reduction in material cost which are merits of the sheathing board using the lath net are utilized, and an architecture construction method is improved so as to be capable of carrying out casting of concrete to a slab portion simultaneously with a beam portion and a wall portion, so that workability is improved.
Further, excess water in concrete can be caused to leak from unused ones of the openings for separator insertion provided on the sheathing board.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-138664

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Problem to be Solved by the Invention

However, the lath form construction method and the sheathing board for a lath form disclosed in the above-described Patent Document 1 have the following problems.
That is, as described above, the lath form construction method and the sheathing board for a lath form disclosed in the above-described Patent Document 1 are configured such that water contained in concrete can be caused to leak from openings formed in the sheathing board, but since a leakage amount of the water cannot be adjusted, there is such a possibility that the water is caused to leak excessively, which adversely results in degradation of quality of the concrete.
Further, as described above, the sheathing board for a lath form disclosed in the Patent Document 1 is always put in a contacting state with external air and soil because its plate-like portion is formed in a net shape and the concrete is exposed out. Therefore, there is such a possibility that neutralization of the concrete advances, durability is damaged and degradation is accelerated.
Furthermore, since the construction method and the sheathing board disclosed in the Patent Document 1 require use of many building materials such as separators for casting concrete, construction is complicated so that it cannot be said that the construction method and the sheathing board are excellent regarding cost.
In view of these circumstances, the present invention has been made and an object thereof is to provide an architecture unit of a concrete structure and an architecture construction method thereof which can move to the next architecture step without performing dismantling and can manufacture a concrete structure with high quality having reduced cost and excellent durability.

Means for Solving the Problem

In order to achieve such a problem, the present invention is an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising: formwork panels provided vertically to face each other, each formwork panel being provided with lid portions, each lid portion being formed in a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel; a lower bridge member provided between lower end sides of the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner; an upper bridge member provided between upper end sides of the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner; and a supporting member interposed between the formwork panels facing each other to support the formwork panels.
Further, according to the present invention, a supporting and fixing member inserted through the formwork panels facing each other; and a rod-like member fastened and fixed to outside of the formwork panel by the supporting and fixing member are further provided.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, a batten cleat supporting member provided with fitting grooves opened upward and opened downward, and supporting a batten cleat fitted in the fitting groove opened upward is further provided, wherein the batten cleat supporting member is fitted with the upper bridge member interposed between the pair of wall bodies through the fitting groove opened downward to hook the upper bridge member.
Further, the present invention is an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising a plurality of plate-like unit architecture units stacked to configure the pair of wall bodies; and an upper bridge member provided on a top face of the unit architecture unit stacked at the uppermost stage in a bridging manner, wherein the unit architecture unit comprises: a formwork panel provided with lid portions composed of a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel; and a lower bridge member provided between lower end sides of the formwork panels facing each other.
According to the present invention, the lower bridge member comprises: runners having U shape in section fitted to lower ends of the formwork panels, and

- a lower fixing member provided between the runners fitted to the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner and having ribs formed substantially vertically upward by folding back both distal ends of the lower fixing member.

According to the present invention, the runners are each formed in a linear shape or an L shape in top view.
According to the present invention, the upper bridge member comprises: caps having a U shape in section and fitted on upper ends of the formwork panels; and an upper fixing member provided between the caps fitted on the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner and having ribs formed substantially vertically downward by folding back both distal ends of the upper fixing member.
According to the present invention, the caps are each formed in a linear shape or an L shape in top view.
According to the present invention, the supporting member comprises: a long-plate-like member; first ribs provided vertically by folding back both side ends of the long-plate-like member extending in a longitudinal direction thereof substantially at a right angle; and second ribs provided vertically by folding back both distal ends of the long-plate-like member substantially at a right angle, wherein the second ribs are vertically formed by performing folding-back in a direction opposite to the direction of the first ribs.
Further, the present invention is a construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising:

- a step of placing and fixing a lower bridge member composed of long-plate-like members arranged in a grid shape on a foundation; a step of vertically providing formwork panels provided with lid portions composed of a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel on the placed and fixed lower bridge members to face each other; and a step of placing and fixing an upper bridge member composed of long-plate-like members arranged in a grid shape on the sides of upper ends of the formwork panels facing each other.

According to the present invention, after the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member, a step of fitting an upper supporting member composed of a long-plate-like member having ribs provided substantially vertically at both side ends and having both distal ends projecting to the formwork panels facing each other so as to insert the ribs through the formwork panels and fixing the upper supporting member in a state where the projecting distal ends are placed on the upper bridge member is further provided.
According to the present invention, after the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member, a step of hooking a plurality of batten cleat supporting members provided with fitting grooves opened upward and opened downward while fitting the upper bridge member in the fitting grooves of the batten cleat supporting members opened downward; and a step of fitting a batten cleat in the fitting grooves of the plurality of batten cleat supporting members opened upward are further provided.
According to the present invention, after the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member, a step of interposing a supporting member between the formwork panels facing each other; and a step of inserting a supporting and fixing member between the formwork panels facing each other and fastening and fixing a rod-like member outside the formwork panel by the supporting and fixing member are further provided.
Further, the present invention is a construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising: constructing a unit architecture unit which is a constituent unit of the wall body by a step of placing and fixing lower bridge members composed of long-plate-like members in a grid shape on a foundation, and a step of vertically providing formwork panels provided with lid portions composed of a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel on the placed and fixed lower bridge member to face each other; stacking the unit architecture units at a plurality of stages by placing and fixing the lower bridge member on an upper end side of the unit architecture unit positioned below by one stage; and placing and fixing an upper bridge member composed of long-plate-like members disposed in a grid shape on an upper end side of the uppermost unit architecture unit.
According to the present invention, the step of placing and fixing the lower bridge member comprises: a step of placing and fixing the lower fixing members having ribs formed substantially vertically upward by folding back both distal ends of the lower fixing member at a plurality of sites at predetermined intervals substantially in parallel with one another on a foundation; and a step of placing and fixing a pair of runners with U shape in section provided with a groove opened upward on the placed and fixed lower fixing members so as to be substantially perpendicular to the lower fixing members, and wherein the step of providing the formwork panels vertically comprises fitting lower ends of the formwork panels in the grooves in the placed and fixed runners.
According to the present invention, the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member comprises: a step of fitting caps with U shape in section provided with a groove opened downward in upper ends of the formwork panels; and a step of providing an upper fixing member having ribs formed substantially vertically downward by folding back both distal ends of the upper fixing member between the pair of wall bodies in a bridging manner on top faces of the fitted caps.

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, since an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other includes: formwork panels provided vertically to face each other, each formwork panel being provided with lid portions each lid portion being formed in a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel; a lower bridge member provided between lower end sides of the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner; an upper bridge member provided between upper end sides of the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner; and a supporting member interposed between the formwork panels facing each other to support the formwork panels, an architecture unit with excellent strength can be easily constructed by using extremely simple members and a concrete structure which is not degraded due to deformation, neutralization or the like can be constructed easily.
Since the present invention is an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other, comprising a plurality of plate-like unit architecture units stacked to configure the pair of wall bodies; and an upper bridge member provided on a top face of the unit architecture unit stacked at the uppermost stage in a bridging manner, wherein the unit architecture unit comprises a formwork panel provided with lid portions composed of a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel; and a lower bridge member provided between lower end sides of the formwork panels facing each other, an architecture unit with excellent strength can be easily constructed by using extremely simple members, a concrete structure which is not degraded due to deformation, neutralization or the like can be constructed easily, and flexible accommodation to construction of concrete structure having various shapes is further made possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a formwork panel in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view showing a section taken along line A-A of the formwork panel in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front enlarged view of the formwork panel in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing a runner in the first embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 6B is a perspective view showing a cap in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing a lower fixing member in the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7B is a perspective view showing an upper fixing member in the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7C is a view showing such a fact that both distal ends of the lower fixing member or the upper fixing member are configured to be bendable;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a supporting member in the first embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 8B is a view showing a manufacturing method of the supporting member;

FIG. 9 is a sectional side view showing a construction method of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure of an end portion in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a formwork panel which has been worked to an L shape and which is used at the end portion in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12A is a perspective view showing a lower face side of a L-shaped cap 73 and FIG. 12B is a perspective view showing a top face side thereof;

FIG. 13 is a view showing a construction method of a corner portion of a wall body in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a side sectional view of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a sectional side view showing a construction method of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a sectional side view showing a construction method of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a sectional side view showing a construction method of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 20 are side sectional views of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 20A being an X-X sectional view in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 b being a Y-Y sectional view in FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a batten cleat supporting member in the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing an upper supporting member in the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a sectional side view showing a mounting method of the batten cleat supporting member in the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a sectional side view showing a mounting method of the batten cleat supporting member in the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 26A is a side sectional view showing a fixing region of a rod-like member in the fourth embodiment of the present invention in an enlarged manner and FIG. 26B is a front view of the rod-like member.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

First Embodiment

(Whole Configuration of Architecture Unit in First Embodiment)

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in a first embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the architecture unit of a concrete structure.
A configuration of the whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment will be described below with reference to these figures.
As shown in these figures, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is formed by vertically providing a pair of wall bodies W1 and W2 which faces each other approximately in parallel with each other on a foundation F. The architecture unit is configured so as to exert a function as a concrete formwork by casting concrete between the pair of wall bodies W1 and W2. The side of faces of the wall bodies W1 and W2 facing each other (concrete-casting sides) is simply called “inside” and the side of opposite faces thereof is called “outside”.
Each of the wall bodies W1 and W2 is configured to have porous formwork panels 1, each having a surface formed with small and large ribs, a runner 2 provided with a fitting groove fitted with lower ends of the formwork panels 1 arranged side by side, and a cap 3 fitted with upper ends of the formwork panels 1.
Long-plate-like lower fixing members 4, each having ribs at both ends thereof, are spanned and fixed to lower ends of the pair of wall bodies W1 and W2 thus configured, namely, lower faces of the respective runners 2 so as to be substantially perpendicular to the runners 2.
Further, long-plate-like upper fixing members 5, each having ribs at both ends thereof, are spanned and fixed to upper ends of the pair of wall bodies W1 and W2, namely, top faces of the caps 3 so as to be substantially perpendicular to the caps 3. The upper fixing member 5 has the same shape as the above-described lower fixing member 4, but both the members 5 and 4 are different from each other only regarding directions of their ribs when both the members are fixed to the wall bodies W1 and W2 (the ribs of the lower fixing member 4 are protruded substantially vertically upward while the ribs of the upper fixing member 5 are protruded substantially vertically downward).
Further, supporting and fixing members 6 are bridged between the wall bodies W1 and W2 in a spanning manner, and rod-like members 7 are fastened and fixed to outer faces (back face sides of the faces opposed to each other) of the wall bodies W1 and W2 by the supporting and fixing members 6, where the supporting and fixing members 6 are provided to a plurality of formwork panels 1 in a spanning manner.
Thereby, flexures of the formwork panels 1 are prevented so that a concrete structure can be formed to have a stable shape. The rod-like member 7 is a rod-like building material called “horizontal batten”, and, for example, a reinforcing bar, a steel-made pipe, a wood or the like having a diameter of about 10 mm is used as the rod-like member 7. The supporting and fixing member 6 which supports and fixes the rod-like member 7 to the formwork panel 1 is an annealing wire, a wire made of steel, a supporting wire, a rod-like member or the like. In this embodiment, the annealing wire is used as one example of the supporting and fixing member 6 in the figures or the like.
Furthermore, runner-like supporting members 8 are interposed between the wall bodies W1 and W2. Both distal ends of the supporting member 8 abut on both the opposite faces of the wall bodies W1 and W2, so that the supporting member 8 is used as a spacer for maintaining a distance between the wall bodies W1 and W2 at a fixed size.
Further, the wall bodies W1 and W2 are supported by support materials 9 composed of a pipe tube made of steel, a flat plate or the like so that the wall bodies W1 and W2 are prevented from falling over outward.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, a member composed of the above-described caps 3 and upper fixing members 5 is called “upper bridge member, while a member composed of the runners 2 and the lower fixing members 4 is called “lower bridge member”.

(Configuration of the Formwork Panel 1 in the First Embodiment)

Next, respective members constituting the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment will be described with reference to the figures.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the above-described formwork panel 1. Further, FIG. 4 is a view showing an A-A section of the formwork panel 1. The configuration of the formwork panel 1 will be described below with reference to these figures.
As shown in the figures, the formwork panel 1 is a formwork panel formed by bending a plate-like steel material into a substantially rectangular shape in front view and a substantially angular-wave-like shape in cross section and cutting the same.
For example, a dimension of a completed product of this formwork panel 1 is set to have a length in a range of 300 to 7000 mm, a width of 600 mm, and a thickness in a range of about 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
Thus, by bending the panel steel plate into a substantially angular-wave-like shape in cross section, the formwork panel 1 is configured such that a plurality of ridges 11 parallel to each other are provided at predetermined intervals side by side, which results in reinforcement of the strength of the panel 1 itself.
Further, in particular, the formwork panel 1 exerts excellent strength against pressure from the front or back face of the formwork panel 1 by forming the panel cross section into an equilateral angular-wave-like shape.
Incidentally, hereinafter, a direction in which the ridges 11 are formed is defined as “longitudinal direction” of the formwork panel 1, while a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as “lateral direction” in the formwork panel 1.
As shown in the figures, the ridge 11 is composed of a top face 31 and two side faces 32 provided so as to continuously connect to the top face 31 in both lateral directions of the top face 31.
The length of the top face 31 in the width direction and the length of the side face 32 in the width direction (depth direction) are, for example, in a range of about 10 to 20 mm.
Further, a distance between the ridges 11 adjacent to each other in the width direction is, for example, in a range of about 10 to 50 mm.
Further, in a recessed face between the respective ridges 11, a plurality of ribs 12 raised in their lateral cross section and grooves 16 recessed in their lateral cross section are alternately formed in parallel to the ridges 11 at predetermined intervals.
In this embodiment, formation is made in the order of the ridge 1→4 the groove 16→the rib 12→the groove 16→the rib 12→ . . . →the groove 16→the ridge 11→ . . . , and the grooves 16 are continuously provided at both sides of the ridge 11 in the lateral direction.
The rib 12 has, for example, a width of about 8 to 20 mm and a height of about 3 to 10 mm, and a lateral cross section thereof is formed, for example, in a semi-circular arc shape.
Further, the groove 16 is formed to have a width of about 2 to 10 mm.
Further, in both ends of the ridge 11 in the panel lateral direction, that is, on boundary lines between the ribs 12 and the grooves 16 adjacent to the ribs 12, slits 13 each having a predetermined length are provided at predetermined intervals like broken lines in parallel with the ridges 11.
By bending the formwork panel 1 at a predetermined angle along this row of broken-line-like slits 13, a corner portion can be formed in the formwork.
Further, by bending the formwork panel 1 along this row of broken-line-like slits 13 forward and backward alternately and repeatedly, the formwork panel 1 can easily be cut. Therefore, when the wall bodies W1 and W2 are assembled, a formwork panel 1 having a desired size can be prepared in response to the dimensions and the shapes of the wall bodies W1 and W2, so that construction ease can be improved largely.
Further, the slit 13 is a slit having a very narrow width and a predetermined length and penetrating the formwork panel 1, and it has a function of discharging excess water without allowing liquid concrete or mortar, or necessary water to leak from the slit 13 after casting of the concrete or mortar.
For example, the slit 13 has, for example, a width of about 0.3 to 1 mm and a length of about 10 to 50 mm, and an interval of the slits 13 in a longitudinal direction is formed in a broken line of about 10 to 30 mm.
Further, since an interval of the rows of the slits 13 in the lateral direction is set to substantially an interval of the ridges 11 in the lateral direction or a length of the top face 31 in the lateral direction, the interval of the rows of the slits 13 can be adjusted at an arbitrary interval of 10 to 50 mm by properly adjusting a formation interval of the ridges 11 in the panel lateral direction or the width of the top face 31.
Thereby, it is made possible to design the bending position of the formwork panel 1 at a desired position freely, so that it is made possible to improve the degree of freedom of the design at a formwork construction time largely.
Further, a plurality of lid-like lid portions 14 is provided on the top face 31 of the ridge 11.
The lid portion 14 is configured so as to be opened in an outward direction of the formwork panel 1 when the formwork panel 1 is vertically provided, and excess water is discharged from the opened lid portion 14 when concrete is cast. Further, the rod-like member 7 can be fastened and fixed to an outer surface of the formwork panel 1 by opening the lid portion 14 artificially and drawing the supporting and fixing member 6 from the opening.
FIG. 5 is a front enlarged view of the formwork panel in the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the above-described lid portion 14 is formed by providing a C-shaped slit 21 penetrating the top face 31 while leaving a portion of a circle and a folding-back portion 22 which is the portion of the circle left without providing the slit 21.
At a casting time of concrete, the lid portion 14 is opened by the self weight of the concrete cast between the wall bodies W1 and W2 toward the outside of the formwork panel 1 along the folding-back portion 22. At this time, a clearance 15 with a fine width which is sufficient to discharge excess water is formed between the top face 31 and the opened lid portion 14 of the ridge 11. Further, since the width of the clearance 15 to be formed remains in a fine width, only excess water is discharged without allowing concrete itself or required water to leak from the clearance 15. Incidentally, when excess water is discharged for a shorter time, a discharge amount of the excess water can be properly adjusted by opening the lid portion 14 further outside of the formwork panel 1.
By opening the lid portion 14 artificially, an opening for drawing the supporting and fixing member 6 from the inside of the formwork panel 1 to the outside thereof can be formed. It is made possible to fix the rod-like member 7 on the formwork panel 1 by using the supporting and fixing member 6 drawn from the opening to tighten the rod-like member 7 at a plurality of positions on the outer face of the formwork panel 1.

(Configuration of the Runner 2 and the Cap 3 in the First Embodiment)

FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing the runner 2 in the first embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 6B is a perspective view showing the cap 3 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figures, the runner 2 and the cap 3 are members made of steel and formed in a rail shape having a U shape in section.
The runner 2 and the cap 3 have substantially the same shape, and they are different only regarding directions of their ribs when they are fitted to the formwork panel 1 (the ribs of the runner 2 are directed substantially upward while the ribs of the cap 3 are directed substantially downward).
As shown in FIG. 6A, the runner 2 is configured to have vertically-upward ribs 27 continuously provided at both sides of a long-plate-like member 26 extending along a longitudinal direction thereof. A groove 28 fitted with a lower end of the formwork panel 1 is formed between the ribs 27. Further, the runner 2 can be fixed to the formwork panel 1, the lower fixing member 4 and the foundation F by screwing or piling screws (tap screws), concrete nails, or the like into the long-plate-like member 26 and the ribs 27.
Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, the cap 3 is configured to have vertically-downward ribs 37 continuously provided at both sides of a long-plate-kike member 36 extending along a longitudinal direction thereof as opposed to the runner 2. A groove 38 fitted with an upper end of the formwork panel 1 is formed between the ribs 37. The cap 3 can be fixed to the formwork panel 1 and the upper fixing member 5 by screwing or piling screws (tap screws), or the like into the long-plate-like member 36 and the ribs 37.

(Configuration of the Lower Fixing Member 4 and the Upper Fixing Member 5 in the First Embodiment)

FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing the lower fixing member 4 in the first embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 6B is a perspective view showing the upper fixing member 5 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figures, the lower fixing member 4 and the upper fixing member 5 are members made of steel and configured by continuously providing ribs at both distal ends of a long-plate-like member, and they can hold a size between the wall bodies W1 and W2 at a constant or prevent the wall bodies W1 and W2 from falling over outward by fixing these members 4 and 5 between the wall bodies W1 and W2 in a bridging manner.
Incidentally, the ribs of the lower fixing member 4 and the upper fixing member 5 are continuously provided at both the distal ends of the long-plate-like members substantially vertically in the figures, but the continuously-provided portions are configured to be bendable and the continuously-providing angles can be adjusted arbitrarily.
As shown in FIG. 7A, the lower fixing member 4 is configured to have a long-plate-like member 41 and upward-directed ribs 42 formed by bending both distal ends of the long-plate-like member 41 substantially vertically.
The lower fixing member 4 is provided on a lower face of the runner 2 fitted with a lower end of the formwork panel 1 between the pair of wall bodies W1 and W2 facing each other in a bridging manner. At this time, the lower fixing member 4 is fixed to the runner 2 and the formwork panel 1 by causing insides of the ribs 42 at both the distal ends of the lower fixing member 4 to abut on outsides of the runners 2 of both the wall bodies W1 and W2 and driving screws or the like into the runner 2 and the formwork panel 1.
As shown in FIG. 7B, the upper fixing member 5 is configured to have a long-plate-like member 51 and downward-directed ribs 52 formed by bending both distal ends of the long-plate-like member 51 substantially vertically.
The upper fixing member 5 is provided on a lower face of the cap 3 fitted with an upper end of the formwork panel 1 between the pair of wall bodies W1 and W2 facing each other in a bridging manner. At this time, the upper fixing member 5 is fixed to the cap 3 and the formwork panel 1 by causing insides of the ribs 52 at both the distal ends of the upper fixing member 5 to abut on outsides of the caps 3 of both the wall bodies W1 and W2 and driving screws or the like into the cap 3 and the formwork panel 1.
Further, FIG. 7C is a view showing such a fact that both distal ends of the lower fixing member 4 or the upper fixing member 5 are configured to be bendable.
The lower fixing member 4 and the upper fixing member 5 may be flat-plate-like members that are bendable at their any portions at a factory shipping time or a transportation time to a construction site, as shown in FIG. 7C. The lower fixing member 4 and the upper fixing member 5 can be fixed by bending their distal ends in response to each size between the wall bodies W1 and W2 such an equal size to cause the ribs formed by the bending to abut on the runner 2 or the cap 3.

(Configuration of the Supporting Member 8 in the First Embodiment)

FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the supporting member 8 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the supporting member 8 is composed of a long-plate-like member 81, and a pair of vertically-downward ribs 82 continuously provided on both sides of the long-plate-like member 81 extending in a longitudinal direction thereof, respectively. Further, vertically-upward ribs 83 are continuously provided at both distal ends of the long-plate-like member 81, respectively. The supporting member 8 can be fixed to inside of the formwork panel 1 by driving screws to the ribs 83.
The supporting member 8 is interposed and fixed between the wall bodies W1 and W2 vertically provided so as to face each other so that a size between the wall bodies W1 and W2 can be kept constant or the wall bodies W1 and W2 can be prevented from falling over inside.
Further, FIG. 8B is a view showing a manufacturing method of the supporting member 8.
The supporting member 8 is manufactured by cutting portions of both distal ends of ribs of a U-shaped member in section such as the above-described runner 2 or the cap 3 to bend the remaining protruded portions of the long-plate-like member to form ribs 83.

(Construction Method of the Architecture Unit in the First Embodiment)

Next, a construction method of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the first embodiment will be described.
FIG. 9 is a sectional side view showing a construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure in the first embodiment of the present invention. Explanation is made below with reference to this figure.
As shown in the figure, first, a plurality of lower fixing members 4 is placed on a foundation F such as a concrete framework substantially in parallel with one another at predetermined intervals (for example, an interval of 600 mm), and the lower fixing members 4 are fixed to the foundation F by piling concrete nails 61 from the lower fixing members 4 into the foundation F.
Next, a pair of runners 2 is placed so as to be perpendicular to the lower fixing members 4 fixed to the foundation F in an overlapping manner. The pair of runner 2 is placed substantially in parallel with each other with a distance of about a half of the length of the supporting member 8.
Then, the runners 2 are fixed to the lower fixing members 4 and the foundation F by piling concrete nails 62 from above the runners 2 so as to penetrate the lower fixing members 4.
Next, lower ends of the formwork panels 1 are fitted into the grooves 28 of the placed runners 2 so that the formwork panels 1 are provided vertically. At this time, both side ends of the formwork panels 1 adjacent to each other are set to overlap with each other by a predetermined width.
Next, the caps 3 are fitted on upper ends of the formwork panels 1 provided vertically.
Next, a plurality of upper fixing members 5 is placed on the caps 3 so as to be substantially perpendicular to the caps 3 approximately in parallel with one another at predetermined intervals.
Then, the upper fixing members 5 are fixed to the caps 3 by driving screws 64 from above the upper fixing members 5 so as to penetrate the caps 3.
Next, the lid portions 14 of the formwork panels 1 are opened and the supporting and fixing members 6 are inserted into the openings formed by opening the lid portions 14 to be bridged between the wall bodies W1 and W2 with plays. More specifically, first, a plurality of lid portions 14 of both the wall bodies W1 and W2 close to each other are opened. Then, the supporting and fixing member 6 is inserted from outside of the opening of the lid portion 14 of the wall body W1 to be once pulled out from the opening of the lid portion 14 of the wall body W2 through between the wall bodies W1 and W2, it is turned back to be inserted into the opening of another lid portion 14 of the wall body W2 again, and it is pulled out from the opening of another lid portion 14 of the wall body W1 through between the wall bodies W1 and W2 again.
Incidentally, the supporting and fixing members 6 are spanned with plays at intervals of about 500 mm in a height direction (of the wall body) and about 300 mm in a lateral direction.
Next, the formwork panels 1 adjacent to each other are fixed to each other by fastening overlapping portions of the above-described adjacent formwork panels 1 using screws.
Next, the supporting members 8 are inserted between the wall bodies W1 and W2, and they are fixed to the formwork panels 1 of both the wall bodies W1 and W2 by driving screws into the ribs 83 of the supporting members 8.
Next, the ribs 42 are formed by bending both distal ends of the lower fixing members 4 substantially at a right angle and are caused to abut on the ribs 27 of the runners 2.
Then, the formwork panel 1 and the runner 2 are fixed to the lower fixing member 4 by driving the screw 63 from outside of the lower fixing member 4 to penetrate both the ribs 27 of the runner 2 and the formwork panel 1.
Further, the ribs 52 are formed by bending both distal ends of the upper fixing member 5 substantially at a right angle and are caused to abut on the ribs 37 of the caps 3.
Then, the cap 3 and the upper fixing member 5 are fixed to the formwork panel 1 by driving screws 65 from outside of the upper fixing member 5 to penetrate both the ribs 37 of the cap 3 and the formwork panel 1.
Next, the above-described supporting and fixing member 6 are spanned between the wall bodies W1 and W2 and the rod-like members 7 are fastened outside the formwork panels 1 of both the wall bodies W1 and W2 by the supporting and fixing member 6 to be fixed in parallel with the runners 2.
By repeating the above steps, the architecture unit of a concrete structure is constructed.

(Whole Configuration of the Architecture Unit of an End Portion in the First Embodiment)

Next, a configuration of the architecture unit of an end portion in the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. Here, the end portion means an end portion of a wall-like concrete structure to be constructed. It is necessary to further seal a space opened between the wall bodies W1 and W2 using wall bodies so as to prevent cast concrete from leaking.
The configuration, operation, effect, and the like of the end portion are hereinafter similar to those in the above-described embodiment if not otherwise indicated. Further, in the end portion, members attached with same reference numerals as those in the above-described embodiment indicate same members or the like if not otherwise indicated.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the whole architecture unit of a concrete structure of the end portion in the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, according to the architecture unit of a concrete structure of the end portion, this embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment regarding such a point that openings between the wall bodies W1 and W2 are sealed by continuously providing wall bodies W3 and W4 to the pair of wall bodies W1 and W2 provided vertically approximately in parallel with each other.
As shown in the figure, the wall bodies W3 and W4 are each composed of the above-described formwork panel 1 bend in an L shape and L-shaped caps 73 fitted on upper ends of the bent formwork panel 1.
(Configuration of the Formwork Panel used in the End Portion)
As described above, the formwork panel 1 can be bent along a row of broken-line-slits 13 at predetermined angle to constitute a portion of a wall body such as a corner portion or the like.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the formwork panel 1 bent along the row of slits 13 in an L shape (approximately at a right angle).
As shown in the figure, regarding the end portion, the formwork panel 1 bent substantially at a right angle is used at a corner portion where the wall bodies W1 and W2 are connected to each other, at a corner portion where the wall bodies W2 and W3 are connected to each other, at a corner portion where the wall bodies W1 and W4 are connected to each other, and at a corner portion where the wall bodies W2 and W4 are connected to each other.
(Configuration of the L-Shaped Cap used in the End Portion)
FIG. 12A is a perspective view showing a lower face side of an L-shaped cap 73 fitted on an upper end of the formwork panel 1 bent in an L shape, and FIG. 12B is a perspective view showing a top face side thereof.
As shown in the figures, the L-shaped cap 73 is a member made of steel and formed in a rail shape with a U shape in section, and is constituted in an L shape in top view.
As shown in FIG. 12A and 12B, the L-shaped cap 73 is configured by providing vertically-downward ribs 75 on both sides of an L-shaped plate-like member 74 extending in a longitudinal direction thereof. A groove 76 fitted with an upper end of the formwork panel 1 is formed between the ribs 75. Further, a plurality of insertion holes 77 a and a plurality of insertion holes 77 b are formed in the L-shaped plate-like member 74 and the ribs 75, so that the L-shaped cap 73 can be fixed to the formwork panel 1 or the upper fixing member 5 by inserting screws into these insertion holes 77 a or 77 b.

(Construction Method of the Architecture Unit of the End Portion in the First Embodiment)

FIG. 13 is a view showing a construction method of the corner portion composed of the wall bodies W1 and W3 connected to each other in the end portion.
The construction method of the corner portion will be described below with reference to this figure. Incidentally, since a construction method of the other portions is similar to that in the above-described embodiment, explanation thereof is omitted.
First, the lower fixing member 4 is fixed to the foundation F by piling concrete nails 61 into the lower fixing member 4 like the above-described embodiment.
Next, the runner 2 (not shown) is stacked and fixed on the lower fixing member 4.
Next, the formwork panel 1 bent in an L shape is placed on the lower fixing member 4. At this time, both side ends, which are extended in the longitudinal direction, of the formwork panel 1 bent in an L shape are fixed and connected to side ends, which are extended in the longitudinal direction, of respective linear formwork panels 1 in top view adjacent to the bent formwork panel 1 in an overlapping manner with a predetermined width. At this time, connection is performed such that the linear and the L-shaped formwork panels 1 in top view form a continuous formwork panel 1.
Next, the L-shaped cap 73 is fitted on an upper end of the corner portion of the formwork panel 1 provided vertically. Further, the cap 3 is fitted on a portion of the upper end of the formwork panel 1 provided vertically, which is not fitted with the L-shaped cap 73. At this time, the cap 3 and the L-shaped cap 73 are continuous as a whole in top view.
Next, a plurality of upper fixing members 5 are placed on the caps 3 and the L-shaped caps 73 substantially in parallel with each other at predetermined intervals such that they are substantially perpendicular to the L-shaped caps 73.
Then, the upper fixing members 5 are fixed to the L-shaped caps 73 by driving screws from above the upper fixing members 5 to penetrate the L-shaped caps 73.
By repeating the above works, the wall bodies W3 and W4 facing each other are configured.
Next, the lid portions 14 of the formwork panels 1 constituting the wall bodies W3 and W4 are opened and the supporting and fixing member 6 is inserted into the openings formed by opening the lid portions 14 and is spanned between the wall bodies W3 and W4.
Since the spanning work for the supporting and fixing member 6 is similar to that in the spanning case between the above-described wall bodies W1 and W2, detailed explanation thereof is omitted.
Next, the formwork panels 1 adjacent to each other are fixed to each other by fastening the above-described overlapping portions of the formwork panels 1 adjacent to each other using screws or the like.
Next, the ribs 42 are formed by bending both distal ends of the lower fixing member 4 substantially at a right angle, and are caused to abut on the ribs 27 of the runner 2.
Then, the formwork panel 1 and the runner 2 are fixed to the lower fixing member 4 by driving screws from outside of the lower fixing member 4 to penetrate the ribs 27 of the runner 2 and the formwork panel 1.
Further, the ribs 52 are formed by bending both distal ends of the upper fixing member 5 substantially at a right angle and are caused to abut on the ribs 75 of the L-shaped cap 73 and the ribs 37 of the cap 3.
Then, the L-shaped cap 73, the cap 3 and the upper fixing member 5 are fixed to the formwork panel 1 by driving screws from outside of the upper fixing member 5 to penetrate the ribs 75 of the L-shaped cap 73, the formwork panel 1, and the ribs 37 of the cap 3 and the formwork panel 1.
Next, the rod-like members 7 are fixed substantially parallel with the runner 2 by spanning the above-described supporting and fixing member 6 between the wall bodies W3 and W4 and fastening the rod-like members 7 outside the formwork panels 1 of both the wall bodies W3 and W4 by the supporting and fixing member 6, respectively.
According to the above steps, the architecture unit of a concrete structure of the end portion is completed.
Incidentally, when a lateral width of the upper end of the above-described formwork panel 1 bent in the L shape is longer than the length of the groove 76 of the L-shaped cap 73, the upper end of the formwork panel 1 bent in the L shape is fitted to the grooves 38 and 76 of another L-shaped cap 73 and the cap 3 adjacent to the L-shaped cap 73 in addition to the groove 76 of the L-shaped cap 73.
On the contrary, when the lateral width of the lower end of the above-described formwork panel 1 bent in the L shape is shorter than the length of the groove 76 of the L-shaped cap 73, the upper end of another formwork panel 1 adjacent to the formwork panel 1 bent in the L shape in addition to the upper end of the formwork panel 1 bent in the L shape is fitted to the groove 76 of the L-shaped cap 73.
According to the above steps, the architecture unit of a concrete structure is completed.
Thereafter, a concrete structure such as a concrete foundation or a wall is formed by casting concrete between the wall bodies W1 and W2 provided vertically. The architecture unit itself is utilized as a portion of a structure for a construction as it is without being dismantled.

(Conclusion of the First Embodiment)

As described above, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the first embodiment makes it possible to construct an architecture unit of a concrete structure with excellent strength by using considerably simple members such as the supporting and fixing members 6 and rod-like members 7 such as reinforcing bars without using building materials such as separators, form-ties and concrete form fastening metal fittings like the conventional construction method of a concrete formwork.
Further, since the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the first embodiment is subjected to left-in-place material as it is without being dismantled, a dismantling step for the architecture unit can be eliminated so that a construction schedule can be reduced efficiently.
Further, when concrete is cast, the lid portions 14 are pressed outward by the self-pressure of the concrete to be opened, so that excess water in the concrete is discharged from clearances of the lid portions 14 opened. At this time, since the minimal clearances of the lid portions 14 are formed by self-pressure of the concrete, it is made possible to discharge only excess water in the concrete efficiently without allowing concrete itself or required water to leak from the clearances. Therefore, a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.
Further, since a surface of the concrete structure is covered with the formwork panels 1 to be protected from contact with external air, neutralization of the concrete can be suppressed so that a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.
Further, since the architecture unit of a concrete structure of an end portion of formworks can also be constituted, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the first embodiment is high in versatility so that it is made possible to construct concrete structures having various shapes easily.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, the shape of the lid portion 14 is formed in an approximately circular shape, but the shape of the lid portion 14 is not limited to this shape, and various shapes such as an oval shape, a polygonal shape, or another closed figure can be adopted. Even at this time, the formwork panels having the lid portions with these shapes are each provided with slits and folding-back portions.
Further, in this embodiment, the example where the reinforcing bar with a diameter of about 10 mm is used as the rod-like member 7 has been described, but a building material with higher strength, for example, a single pipe having a diameter of 50 mm and a wall thickness of about 2 to 3 mm can be used.

Second Embodiment

(Whole Configuration of the Architecture Unit in a Second Embodiment)

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described, but the configuration, operation, effect, and the like of this embodiment are hereinafter similar to those in the above-described first embodiment if not otherwise indicated.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in the second embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 15 is a side sectional view of the architecture unit of a concrete structure.
The configuration of the whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment will be described below with reference to these figures. Incidentally, in this embodiment, members attached with same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment indicate same members or the like if not otherwise indicated.
As shown in the figures, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is formed by providing a pair of wall bodies W11 and W12 facing each other substantially in parallel with each other on a foundation F. The pair of wall bodies W11 and W12 is each constituted by stacking a plurality of constituent units of a wall body called a unit architecture unit 100 in a height direction.
The unit architecture unit 100 is composed of porous steel-made formwork panels 101 having a surface formed with small and large ribs, a runner 2 provided with a fitting groove fitted with lower ends of a plurality of formwork panels 101 provided side by side, a cap 3 fitted with the upper ends of the formwork panels 101, and a long-plate-like lower fixing member 4 spanned and fixed on a lower face of the runner 2 so as to be substantially perpendicular to the runner 2 and provided with ribs at both ends thereof. The above configuration is basically the same configuration as the first embodiment.
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in such a point that the width of the formwork panel 101 in a height direction is shorter than that of the formwork panel 1 in the first embodiment. That is, such a configuration is adopted that the width of the formwork panel 1 in the height direction is approximately the same as the height of the wall body, while such a configuration is adopted that the width of the formwork panel 101 in the height direction is a fraction of the height of the wall body. By making the width of the formwork panel 101 in the height direction shorter, a demand for the height can be satisfied flexibly.
Further, long-plate-like upper fixing members 5 are spanned and fixed on a top face of the cap 3 of the uppermost unit architecture unit 100 stacked in several stages so as to be substantially perpendicular to the cap 3.

(Construction Method of the Architecture Unit in the Second Embodiment)

Next, the construction method of the architecture unit of concrete structure in the second embodiment will be described.
FIGS. 16 to 18 are sectional side view showing the construction method of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in the second embodiment of the present invention. Explanation will be made below with reference to these figures.
As shown in FIG. 16, first, a plurality of lower fixing members 4 is placed on the foundation F such as a concrete framework at a predetermined interval width (for example, interval of 600 mm) substantially in parallel with one another, and the lower fixing members 4 are fixed to the foundation F by piling concrete nails 111 from above the lower fixing members 4 into the foundation F.
Next, a pair of runners 2 is placed so as to be perpendicular to the lower fixing members 4 fixed to the foundation F in a stacking manner. The pair of runners 2 is placed to have a distance substantially equal to a half of the length of the supporting member 8 substantially in parallel with each other.
Then, the runners 2 are fixed to the lower fixing member 4 and the foundation F by piling concrete nails 112 from above the runners 2 into the foundation F to penetrate the lower fixing member 4.
Next, the formwork panels 101 are provided vertically by fitting lower ends of the formwork panels 101 into the grooves 28 of the placed runners 2. At this time, both side ends of the formwork panels 101 adjacent to each other in their longitudinal directions are set to overlap with each other by a predetermined width.
Next, the caps 3 are fitted on the upper ends of the formwork panels 101 provided vertically.
Next, a plurality of upper fixing members 5 is placed on the upper fixing members 5 substantially in parallel with one another at predetermined intervals so as to be substantially perpendicular to the caps 3.
Then, the caps 3 are fixed to the upper fixing members 5 by driving screws 114 from above the caps 3 to penetrate the upper fixing members 5.
Next, the formwork panels 101 adjacent to each other are fixed to each other by fastening the above-described overlapping portions of the formwork panels 101 adjacent to each other using screws or the like.
According to the above steps, the lowermost unit architecture unit 100 is completed.
Next, as shown in FIG. 17, a plurality of lower fixing members 4 are placed on top faces of the caps 3 of the completed lowermost unit architecture unit 100 at a predetermined interval width (for example, interval of 600 mm) substantially in parallel with one another.
Next, a pair of runners 2 is placed on the lower fixing members 4 in a stacking manner so as to be perpendicular to the lower fixing members 4 placed on the caps 3.
Then, the runners 2 and the lower fixing members 4 are fixed to the lowermost unit architecture unit 100 by driving screws 115 from above the runners 2 to penetrate the lower fixing members 4 and the caps 3 of the lowermost formwork panel 101.
Thereafter, the formwork panels 100 and the caps 3 are attached like the lowermost unit architecture 100.
According to the above steps, the second unit architecture unit 100 next to the lowermost unit architecture unit 100 is completed.
Thus, assembling of the unit architecture unit 100 is repeated up to the uppermost unit architecture unit 100 plural times.
FIG. 18 is a view showing assembling of the uppermost unit architecture unit 100.
As shown in the figure, in the uppermost unit architecture unit 100, after the caps 3 are fitted on upper ends of the formwork panels 101, the upper fixing member 5 is attached to the caps 3. That is, ribs 52 are formed by bending both distal ends of the upper fixing member 5 substantially at a right angle, and the ribs 52 are caused to abut on the ribs 37 of the caps 3.
Then, the caps 3 and the upper fixing member 5 are fixed to the formwork panels 101 by driving screws 16 from outsides of the upper fixing member 5 to penetrate both the ribs 37 of the caps 3 and the formwork panels 101.
Further, the upper fixing member 5 is fixed to the uppermost unit architecture unit 100 by driving screws 117 from above the upper fixing member 5 to penetrate the caps 3 of the uppermost formwork panels 101.
Next, ribs 42 are formed by bending both distal ends of the lower fixing members 4 of the plurality of stages of unit architecture units 100 substantially at a right angle and the ribs 42 are caused to abut on the ribs 27 of the runners 2.
Then, the formwork panels 101 and the runners 2 are fixed to the lower fixing members 4 by driving screws 113 from outsides of the lower fixing members 4 to penetrate both the ribs 27 of the runners 2 and the formwork panels 101.
According to the above steps, the architecture unit of a concrete structure is completed.
Thereafter, a concrete structure such as a concrete foundation or a wall is formed by casting concrete between the wall bodies W11 and W12 provided vertically. The architecture unit itself is utilized as a portion of a structure for a construction as it is without being dismantled.

(Conclusion of the Second Embodiment)

As described above, since the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is configured by stacking a plurality of unit architecture units 100 having a height width of a fraction of the height of the wall bodies W11 and W12 to be constructed, such a work as to cut the formwork panel in conformity with the height of the wall bodies W11 and W12 to be constructed is made unnecessary, and flexible accommodation to concrete structures having various structures is made possible by stacking the required number of stages of unit architecture units 100.
Further, when the height of the concrete structure to be constructed is equal to or more than a predetermined height, it is difficult to prepare a longitudinal formwork panel having substantially the same size as the height of the wall body of the concrete structure, and there is a possibility that a problem about strength occurs due to increase of flexion of the longitudinal formwork panel. Even in such a case, according to this embodiment, the wall bodies W11 and W12 having excellent strength can be constructed without using the longitudinal formwork panel.
Further, even in this embodiment, it goes without saying that the corner portion of the wall body can be constructed by using a plurality of formwork panels 100.
For example, when a wall body having four sides thereof surrounded by formwork panels is constructed by two sets of pairs of formwork panels substantially parallel to each other, lower fixing members 4 and upper fixing members 5 are provided in bridging manner and fixed between respective pairs of formwork panels substantially parallel to each other. That is, the lower fixing members 4 and the upper fixing members 5 are put in a stacked state to each other to be substantially perpendicular to each other inside the wall body having four sides thereof surrounded by formwork panels.
Further, as described above, when concrete is cast, the lid portions 14 are pressed outward by the self weight of the concrete to be opened, so that excess water in the concrete is discharged from clearances of the opened lid portions 14. At this time, since the minimal clearances of the lid portions 14 are formed by self-pressure of the concrete, it is made possible to discharge only excess water in the concrete efficiently without allowing concrete itself or required water to leak from the clearances. Therefore, a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.
Further, since a surface of the concrete structure is covered with the formwork panels 1 to be protected from contact with external air, neutralization of the concrete can be suppressed so that a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.

Third Embodiment

(Whole Configuration of Architecture Unit in a Third Embodiment)

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described, but the configuration, operation, effect, and the like of this embodiment are hereinafter similar to those in the above-described third embodiment if not otherwise indicated.
FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in the third embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 20 are side sectional views of the architecture unit of a concrete structure, FIG. 20A being an X-X sectional view in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20B being a Y-Y sectional view in FIG. 19.
The configuration of the whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment will be described below with these figures. Incidentally, in this embodiment, members attached with same reference numerals as those in the third embodiment indicate same members or the like if not otherwise indicated.
As shown in the figures, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is formed by providing a pair of wall bodies W31 and W32 facing each other substantially in parallel with each other on a foundation F vertically. The architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is configured to exert a function as a concrete formwork by casting concrete between the pair of wall bodies W31 and W32. Hereinafter, a side of both faces of the wall bodies W31 and W32 facing each other (concrete-casting side) is called “inside”, while a side of opposite faces thereof is called “outside”.
As shown in the figures, the configuration in this embodiment is different in the following points from the first embodiment of the preset invention.
That is, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment has woody batten cleats 140 and batten cleat supporting members 130 supporting the batten cleats 140. The batten cleat supporting members 130 are, for example, metal members which are hooked at a plurality of sites on the cap 3 at predetermined intervals. The batten cleats 140 can be pressed and fixed on an outer face of the formwork panel 1 by fitting the batten cleats 140 in fitting grooves of the batten cleat supporting members 130.
Further, instead of the upper fixing member 5 in the first embodiment, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is configured to have an upper supporting member 150 different in shape from the upper fixing member 5. By fixing the upper supporting members 150 at several sites on a surface of the cap 3 in a bridging manner, a size between the wall bodies W31 and W32 can be kept constant or the wall bodies W31 and W32 can be prevented from falling over outward.
The configurations of the batten cleat supporting members 130 and the upper supporting member 150 which are constituent elements specific to this embodiment will be described below in detail.

(Configuration of the Batten Cleat Supporting Member 130 in the Third Embodiment)

FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing the batten cleat supporting member 130 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the batten cleat supporting member 130 is configured to have a flat-plate-like bottom portion 131, a rib 132 provided so as to connect to one side end of the bottom portion 131 substantially vertically upward, a flat-plate-like hooking portion 133 provided so as to connect to a side end of the rib 132 substantially vertically, a rib 134 provided so as to connect to a side end of the hooking portion 133 substantially vertically downward, a rib 135 provided so as to connect to the other side end of the above-described bottom portion 131 substantially vertically upward, and an outward piece 136 provided so as to connect to the rib 135 outward.
A substantially rectangular fitting groove 137 is formed by the bottom portion 131 and the ribs 132 and 135 provided to connect to both the side ends of the bottom portion 131 vertically upward. The batten cleats 140 are fitted in the fitting groove 137 to be supported thereby.
Further, a substantially rectangular fitting groove 138 is formed by the above-described hooking portion 133 and the ribs 132 and 134 provided so as to connect to both the side ends of the hooking portion 133 vertically downward. The fitting groove 138 is fitted on the cap 3 to be hooked thereon.
Further, the hooking portion 133 is provided with an insertion hole 139, and the batten cleat supporting members 130 can be hooked and fixed to the cap 3 by inserting a screw or the like into the insertion hole.

(Configuration of the Upper Supporting Member 150 in the Third Embodiment)

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing the upper supporting member 150 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the upper supporting member 150 is configured to have a long-plate-like member 151, and a pair of ribs 152 provided to connect to both sides of the long-plate-like member 151 extending in a longitudinal direction vertically upward, respectively. Further, a groove 154 is formed between the pair of ribs 152. Further, both distal ends 153 of the long-plate-like member 151 are formed to project outward beyond the ribs 152.
The upper supporting member 150 is manufactured by a method similar to that for the above-described supporting member 8. However, the upper supporting member 150 is not subjected to bending work to both the distal ends 153, which is different from the above-described supporting member 8.

(Construction Method of the Architecture Unit in the Third Embodiment)

Next, the construction method of the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment will be described.
Incidentally, a mounting method of the batten cleat supporting members 130 and the upper supporting member 150 will be described below, but the other construction methods are similar to those in the first embodiment, explanation thereof is omitted.
FIG. 23 is a sectional side view showing a mounting method of the batten cleat supporting members 150 in the third embodiment of the present invention. Explanation is made below with reference to this figure.
As shown in the figure, first, the caps 3 are fitted on the upper ends of the formwork panels 1 provided vertically.
Next, the caps 3 are fixed to the formwork panels 1 by driving screws 161 from outsides of the caps 3 to penetrate both the ribs 37 of the caps 3 and the formwork panels 1.
Next, lower faces of both the distal ends 153 of the upper supporting member 150 are caused to top faces of the caps 3 of both the wall bodies W31 and W32.
Then, the upper supporting member 150 is fixed to the caps 3 by driving screws 162 from above the upper supporting member 150 to penetrate the caps 3.
According to the above steps, mounting of the batten cleat supporting members 150 is completed.
Next, an attaching method of the batten cleat supporting members 130 will be described.
FIG. 24 is a sectional side view showing a mounting method of the batten cleat supporting member 130 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the cap 3 fitted and fixed to the formwork panel 1 is fitted in the fitting groove 138 of the batten cleat supporting member 130.
Then, the batten cleat supporting member 130 is hooded and fixed to the cap 3 by driving a screw 163 from above the batten cleat supporting members 130 to penetrate the cap 3.
According to the above steps, mounting of the batten cleat supporting members 130 is completed.
The batten cleats 140 are inserted and fitted in the fitting groove 137 of the mounted batten cleat supporting members 130, as shown in the figure.
When the architecture unit of a concrete structure is completed, a concrete structure such as a concrete foundation or a wall is formed by casting concrete between the wall bodies W31 and W32 provided vertically. After the concrete is hardened, the batten cleat supporting members 130 and the batten cleats 150 are detached to be recycled, and the other portions of the architecture unit are utilized as a portion of the construction as it is without being dismantled.

(Conclusion of the Third Embodiment)

As described above, the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment makes it possible to construct an architecture unit of a concrete structure with excellent strength by using considerably simple members such as the supporting and fixing members 6, rod-like members 7 such as reinforcing bars, and the batten cleats 140 without using building materials such as separators, form-ties and concrete form fastening metal fittings like the conventional construction method of a concrete formwork.
In particular, in this embodiment, since the batten cleat supporting members 130 are hooked on the cap 3, and the batten cleats 140 having excellent strength are fitted to the batten cleat supporting members 130 to be caused to close contact with the formwork panel 1, a concrete structure having a stable shape can be manufactured without flexing the formwork panel 1. Further, since the batten cleat 140 is easily available and extremely inexpensive, this embodiment is effective regarding cost.
Further, in this embodiment, since the upper supporting members 150 are inserted and fixed between the wall bodies W31 and W32, a fixed size can be kept between the wall bodies W31 and W32, so that a concrete structure with a stable shape can be manufactured.
Incidentally, even in this embodiment, it goes without saying that the corner portion of the wall body can be constructed like the first embodiment.
Further, the architecture unit in this embodiment has the upper supporting members 150 instead of the upper fixing members 5, but such a configuration can be adopted that the upper supporting member 150 is provided together with the upper fixing member 5.
That is, such a configuration can be adopted that the batten cleat supporting member 130, the batten cleat 140, and the upper supporting member 150 specific to this embodiment are added to the architecture unit in the first embodiment.
Further, according to this embodiment, the batten cleat supporting members 130 and the batten cleats 140 are attached to both the wall bodies W31 and W32 opposed to each other, they may be attached to one of the wall bodies W31 and W32.
Further, as described above, when concrete is cast, the lid portions 14 are pressed outward by the self pressure of the concrete to be opened, and excess water in the concrete is discharged from clearances of the opened lid portions 14. At this time, since the minimal clearances of the lid portions 14 are formed by self-pressure of the concrete, it is made possible to discharge only excess water in the concrete efficiently without allowing concrete itself or required water to leak from the clearances. Therefore, a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.
Further, since a surface of the concrete structure is covered with the formwork panels 1 to be protected from contact with external air, neutralization of the concrete can be suppressed so that a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.

Fourth Embodiment

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described, but the configuration, operation, effect, and the like of this embodiment are hereinafter similar to those in the above-described third embodiment if not otherwise indicated.
FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a whole architecture unit of a concrete structure in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, an architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is formed by providing a pair of wall bodies W41 and W42 opposed to each other substantially in parallel with each other on a foundation F vertically.
The architecture unit of a concrete structure in the third embodiment is configured so as to fasten and fix the rod-like member 7 on the surface side of the formwork panel 1 by the supporting and fixing member 6 such as an annealing wire. On the other hand, this embodiment is configured so as to fix the rod-like member 7 by a holding and fixing member 160 which is a plate-like member bent partially in conformity with the shape of the rod-like member 7, as shown in the figure.
The holding and fixing member 160 is mounted to a surface side of each of the above-described pair of wall bodies W41 and W42 by a distance-holding member 170 which is a rod-like member such as a so-called separator. That is, the distance-holding member 170 is inserted into both the wall bodies W41 and W42 such that both ends thereof are protruded from the lid portions 14 of the formwork panels 1 of both the wall bodies W41 and W42, and the holding and fixing members 160 are screwed and mounted to both ends of the distance-holding member 170 protruded outside the both wall bodies W41 and W42.
FIG. 26A is an enlarged side sectional view showing a fixing portion of the rod-like member 7 in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 26B is a front view of the fixing portion.
As shown in the figures, the holding and fixing member 160 is configured such that one end of a long-plate-like member is bend in an arc shape in side view in conformity with the shape of the rod-like member 7, the other end thereof is formed in a flat-plate shape, and an insertion hole 165 into which the distance-holding member 170 is inserted in a screwing manner is provided at the other end of the flat-plate-like portion.
Further, both ends of the distance-holding member 170 are threaded, and the holding and fixing members 160 are mounted on outside surfaces of both the wall bodies W41 and W42 by screwing the threaded portions into the insertion holes 165 of the above-described holding and fixing members 160. Further, as shown in the figures, a washer 171 is screwed on the distance-holding member 170 from inside of each of the wall bodies W41 and W42, and the distance-holding member 170 is fixed to the formwork panel 1 by clamping the formwork panel 1 between the washer 171 and the above-described holding and fixing member 160.
Then, the rod-like member 7 is fixed to the surface of the formwork panel 1 by clamping the rod-like member 7 between an inner side of the bent portion of the above-described holding and fixing member 160 and an outer side of the surface of the formwork panel 1.
Since the other configuration and construction method are similar to those in the third embodiment, explanation thereof is omitted.
As described above, according to this embodiment, such a construction that while a distance between the wall bodies W41 and W42 is held in a predetermined distance using the holding and fixing member 160 which is a plate-like member partially bent and the distance-holding member 170 which is the rod-like member instead of the supporting and fixing member 6 such as an annealing wire, the rod-like member 7 such as a horizontal batten is fixed to a face of the formwork panel 1 can be performed easily.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, the holding and fixing member 160 is the long-plate-like member having one end bent and the other end provided with the insertion hole 165, as described above, but if the holding and fixing member 160 has one portion bend in conformity with the shape of the rod-like member 7 and a non-bent portion provided with the insertion hole 165, it may have another shape.
Further, according to this embodiment, the batten cleat supporting members 130 and the batten cleats 140 are mounted to both the of the wall bodies W41 and W42 opposed to each other, but they may be attached to one of the wall bodies W41 and W42.

Conclusion of the Embodiments

As described above, according to the above-described first to fourth embodiments, an architecture unit of a concrete structure having excellent strength can be constructed easily using considerably simple members such as an annealing wire, a reinforcing bar, and a batten cleat.
Further, since the architecture unit of a concrete structure in this embodiment is subjected to left-in-place material as it is without being dismantled, a dismantling step for the architecture unit can be eliminated so that a construction schedule can be reduced efficiently.
Further, as described above, when concrete is cast, the lid portions 14 is pressed outward by the self-pressure of the concrete to be opened, so that excess water in the concrete is discharged from clearances of the opened lid portions 14. At this time, since the minimal clearances of the lid portions 14 are formed by self-pressure of the concrete, it is made possible to discharge only excess water in the concrete efficiently without allowing concrete itself or required water to leak from the clearances. Therefore, a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.
Further, since a surface of the concrete structure is covered with the formwork panels 1 to be protected from contact with external air, neutralization of the concrete can be suppressed so that a concrete structure with extremely high quality rich in durability can be formed.
Incidentally, the above-described embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to these embodiments and the embodiments can be implemented while being variously modified without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the first to fourth above-described embodiments, the respective members of the formwork panel 1, the runner 2, the cap 3, the lower fixing member 4, the upper fixing member 5, the supporting and fixing member 6, the rod-like member 7, the supporting member 8, the supporting material 9, the L-shaped cap 73, the batten cleat supporting member 130, the upper supporting member 150, the holding and fixing member 160, the distance-holding member 170, and the like may be steel-made members which have been subjected to rust proofing. Further, they may be members made of resin and having a predetermined or more strength.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

1, 101: formwork panel
2: runner
3: cap
4: lower fixing member
5: upper fixing member
6: supporting and fixing member
7: rod-like member
8: supporting member
9: supporting material
11: ridge
12, 27, 37, 42, 52, 75, 82, 83, 132, 134, 135, 152: rib
13, 21: slit
14: lid portion
15: clearance
16, 28, 38, 76: groove
22: folding-back portion
26, 36, 41, 51, 81, 151: long-plate-like member
77 a, 77 b, 139, 165: insertion hole
31: top face
32: side face
61, 62, 111, 112: concrete nail
63 to 66, 113 to 117, 161 to 163: screw
73: L-shaped cap
74: L-shaped plate-like member
100: unit construction unit
130: batten cleat supporting member
131: bottom portion
133: hooking portion
136: outward piece
137, 138: fitting groove
140: batten cleat
150: upper supporting member
153: distal end of a long-plate-like member
154: groove
160: holding and fixing member
170: distance-holding member
171: washer
F: foundation
W1 to W4, W11, W12, W31, W32, W41, W42: wall body

Claims

1. An architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising:

formwork panels provided vertically to face each other, each formwork panel being provided with lid portions, each lid portion being formed in a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel;

a lower bridge member provided between lower end sides of the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner;

an upper bridge member provided between upper end sides of the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner; and

a supporting member interposed between the formwork panels facing each other to support the formwork panels.

2. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 1, further comprising a supporting and fixing member inserted through the formwork panels facing each other; and

a rod-like member fastened and fixed to outside of the formwork panel by the supporting and fixing member.

3. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 1, further comprising a batten cleat supporting member provided with fitting grooves opened upward and opened downward, and supporting a batten cleat fitted in the fitting groove opened upward, wherein

the batten cleat supporting member is fitted with the upper bridge member interposed between the pair of wall bodies through the fitting groove opened downward to hook the upper bridge member.

4. An architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising a plurality of plate-like unit architecture units stacked to configure the pair of wall bodies; and an upper bridge member provided on a top face of the unit architecture unit stacked at the uppermost stage in a bridging manner, wherein

the unit architecture unit comprises

a formwork panel provided with lid portions composed of a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel; and

a lower bridge member provided between lower end sides of the formwork panels facing each other.

5. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein

the lower bridge member comprises:

runners having U shape in section fitted to lower ends of the formwork panels, and

a lower fixing member provided between the runners fitted to the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner and having ribs formed substantially vertically upward by folding back both distal ends of the lower fixing member.

6. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 5, wherein the runners are each formed in a linear shape or an L shape in top view.

7. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein

the upper bridge member comprises:

caps having a U shape in section and fitted on upper ends of the formwork panels; and

an upper fixing member provided between the caps fitted on the formwork panels facing each other in a bridging manner and having ribs formed substantially vertically downward by folding back both distal ends of the upper fixing member.

8. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 7, wherein the caps are each formed in a linear shape or an L shape in top view.

9. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein the supporting member comprises:

a long-plate-like member;

first ribs provided vertically by folding back both side ends of the long-plate-like member extending in a longitudinal direction thereof substantially at a right angle; and

second ribs provided vertically by folding back both distal ends of the long-plate-like member substantially at a right angle, wherein

the second ribs are vertically provided by performing folding-back in a direction opposite to the direction of the first ribs.

10. A construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising:

a step of placing and fixing lower bridge members composed of long-plate-like members arranged in a grid shape on a foundation;

a step of vertically providing formwork panels provided with lid portions composed of a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel on the placed and fixed lower bridge members to face each other; and

a step of placing and fixing an upper bridge member composed of long-plate-like members arranged in a grid shape on the sides of upper ends of the formwork panels facing each other.

11. The construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 10, after the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member, further comprising a step of fitting an upper supporting member composed of a long-plate-like member having ribs provided substantially vertically at both side ends and having both distal ends projecting to the formwork panels facing each other to insert the ribs through the formwork panels and fixing the upper supporting member in a state where the projecting distal ends are placed on the upper bridge member.

12. The construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 10, after the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member, further comprising a step of hooking a plurality of batten cleat supporting members provided with fitting grooves opened upward and opened downward while fitting the upper bridge member in the fitting grooves of the batten cleat supporting members opened downward; and

a step of fitting a batten cleat in the fitting grooves of the plurality of batten cleat supporting members opened upward.

13. The construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 10, after the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member, further comprising a step of interposing a supporting member between the formwork panels facing each other; and

a step of inserting a supporting and fixing member between the formwork panels facing each other and fastening and fixing a rod-like member outside the formwork panel by the supporting and fixing member.

14. A construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure configured to have a pair of wall bodies provided vertically to face each other without requiring dismantling, comprising:

constructing a unit architecture unit which is a constituent unit of the wall body by a step of placing and fixing lower bridge members composed of long-plate-like members in a grid shape on a foundation, and a step of vertically providing formwork panels provided with lid portions composed of a closed-figure cutting while a portion thereof is being left on a surface of the formwork panel on the placed and fixed lower bridge member to face each other;

stacking the unit architecture units at a plurality of stages by placing and fixing the lower bridge member on an upper end side of the unit architecture unit positioned below by one stage; and

placing and fixing an upper bridge member composed of long-plate-like members disposed in a grid shape on an upper end side of the uppermost unit architecture unit.

15. The construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 10, wherein the step of placing and fixing the lower bridge member comprises:

a step of placing and fixing the lower fixing members having ribs formed substantially vertically upward by folding back both distal ends of the lower fixing member at a plurality of sites at predetermined intervals substantially in parallel with one another on a foundation; and

a step of placing and fixing a pair of runners with U shape in section provided with a groove opened upward on the placed and fixed lower fixing members so as to be substantially perpendicular to the lower fixing members, and wherein

the step of providing the formwork panels vertically comprises fitting lower ends of the formwork panels in the grooves in the placed and fixed runners.

16. The construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 10, wherein the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member comprises:

a step of fitting caps with U shape in section provided with a groove opened downward in upper ends of the formwork panels; and

a step of providing an upper fixing member having ribs formed substantially vertically downward by folding back both distal ends of the upper fixing member between the pair of wall bodies in a bridging manner on top faces of the fitted caps.

17. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 4, wherein

the lower bridge member comprises:

18. The architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 4, wherein

the upper bridge member comprises:

19. The construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 14, wherein the step of placing and fixing the lower bridge member comprises:

20. The construction method of an architecture unit of a concrete structure according to claim 14, wherein the step of placing and fixing the upper bridge member comprises: