US20130112380A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- US20130112380A1 US20130112380A1 US13/810,122 US201113810122A US2013112380A1 US 20130112380 A1 US20130112380 A1 US 20130112380A1 US 201113810122 A US201113810122 A US 201113810122A US 2013112380 A1 US2013112380 A1 US 2013112380A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- fluid
- heat transfer
- heat exchanger
- header units
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
- F28D7/1653—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
- F28F9/0221—Header boxes or end plates formed by stacked elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger including left and right headers and heat transfer tubes provided between the headers, and more specifically, it relates to a heat exchanger with improved heat exchange efficiency achieved by making fluid flow over a radially outside of the heat transfer tubes along the axial direction.
- FIG. 8 shows the structure of a typical heat exchanger having multi-layer tubes.
- reference numeral 83 denotes a coaxial tube that includes an outer tube 84 and an inner tube 85 coaxially provided therein.
- multi-layer tubes include a multi-layer tube in which a large number of fins are provided on the outer circumference of an inner tube along the axial direction, and a multi-layer tube in which a spiral fin is provided on the outer circumference of an inner tube (PTLs 1 to 3).
- FIG. 9 another heat exchanger using multi-layer tubes and having the structure shown in FIG. 9 is also known (PTL 4).
- reference numerals 210 L and 210 R denote headers provided on the left side and the right side
- reference numeral 210 denotes coaxial heat transfer tubes provided between the left and right headers 210 L and 210 R.
- the heat transfer tubes 210 each include an inner tube 211 and an outer tube 212 that are coaxially provided.
- the inner tubes 211 extend from the outer tubes 212 , and fluid subjected to heat exchange is introduced into the inner tubes 211 from the header 210 L defined by a header wall 213 .
- portions near ends of the outer tubes 212 are sealed by partition plates 214 . Cold fluid is introduced into spaces enclosed by the header walls 213 and the partition plates 214 , from which the cold fluid flows into gap regions enclosed between the inner tubes 211 and the outer tubes 212 .
- the present invention has been made to overcome the above-described problem, and an object thereof is to provide a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange using multi-layer tubes and can perform efficient heat exchange, even when a high flow rate is to be ensured.
- the present invention has been made to overcome the above-described problem, and it provides a heat exchanger using heat transfer tubes each including an outer tube and an inner tube, the heat exchanger performing heat exchange between first fluid flowing through a gap between the outer tube and the inner tube and second fluid flowing through the inner tube.
- the heat exchanger includes header units that direct the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from the outer circumferences of the inner tubes, the ends of the inner tubes extending from the outer tubes; second headers that direct second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the header units; and gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows.
- the second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions.
- the heat exchanger includes header units each holding portions near ends of the outer tubes at a first wall and allowing the inner tubes, which extend from the outer tubes, to extend through a second wall facing the first wall, the header units directing the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from a space enclosed by the first wall and the second wall; second headers that direct the second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the second walls of the header units; and gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows.
- the second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions.
- the first fluid flowing through the gaps between the outer tubes and the inner tubes can be cooled or heated by the second fluid from both inside and outside.
- the heat exchange efficiency can be improved.
- the gap portions are provided by disposing gap-forming members between the stacked header units.
- projections or recesses are formed as an integral part of the header units, and the gap portions are provided utilizing the spaces between the projections and the recesses.
- the gap portions can be provided only by staking the header units having the projections or recesses. Thus, bonding the gap-forming members in an assembly process is eliminated.
- splitting members extending along the axial direction of the heat transfer tubes are provided between upper and lower heat transfer tubes of the stacked header units.
- the second fluid flowing via the gap portions can be split and directed toward the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes via the splitting members.
- the second fluid can be directed near the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.
- splitting members are provided in contact with the heat transfer tubes of the stacked header units, and the second fluid flowing from the gap portions is split and directed toward the heat transfer tubes.
- the gap portions may be formed by disposing the splitting members between the heat transfer tubes of the header units, and thermal diffusion can also be performed by making the splitting members in contact with the heat transfer tubes.
- the present invention provides a heat exchanger using heat transfer tubes each including an outer tube and an inner tube, the heat exchanger performing heat exchange between first fluid flowing through a gap between the outer tube and the inner tube and second fluid flowing through the inner tube, the heat exchanger including header units that direct the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from the outer circumferences of the inner tubes, the ends of the inner tubes extending from the outer tubes; second headers that direct second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the header units; and gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows.
- the second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a portion near a header according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating projections of header units according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating other projections of the header unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a heat exchanger according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a heat exchanger using conventional multi-layer tubes.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a heat exchanger using conventional multi-layer tubes.
- a heat exchanger 1 is configured to include first headers 2 a that direct fluid (first fluid) subjected to heat exchange through gaps between inner tubes 41 and outer tubes 42 , and second headers 2 b , provided on the outer sides of the first headers 2 a , that direct second fluid through the inner tubes 41 .
- the first headers 2 a each include a plurality of header units 21 stacked, leaving gap portions W thereabove and therebelow, and the second fluid is directed through the gap portions W to perform cooling or heating from both outside and inside of the outer tubes 42 , along the axis direction of heat transfer tubes 4 .
- the configuration of the heat exchanger 1 according to this embodiment will be described in detail.
- the structure of the first headers 2 a constituting this heat exchanger 1 will be described.
- the first headers 2 a are each formed by stacking the header units 21 holding the heat transfer tubes 4 , each including the inner tubes 41 and the outer tube 42 .
- each header unit 21 is formed of an upper unit segment 22 and a lower unit segment 22 , which form a pair and face each other in a top-bottom direction.
- First recesses 28 a having a shape corresponding to the contour of a halved outer tube 42 are provided in a first wall 23 , to which portions near the ends of the outer tubes 42 are attached, and second recesses 28 b having a shape corresponding to the contour of a halved inner tube 41 are provided in a second wall (rear surface 26 ) axially facing the first wall 23 , and the outer tubes 42 and the inner tubes 41 are disposed therebetween.
- Separation planes 20 in the first wall 23 and the second wall 26 are parallel to the axial plane of the heat transfer tubes 4 arranged in a row, and open portions of the first recesses 28 a and the second recesses 28 b are located in the separation planes 20 .
- a side surface and a bottom surface continuous with the first wall 23 and the second wall 26 are provided, and, an opening 27 is provided in a position where one side surface should be, from which the first fluid is introduced.
- gap-forming members 8 are used to provide predetermined gap portions W in the top-bottom direction, and in this state, header covers 3 a that cover the openings 27 in the header units 21 are attached, and the first fluid is introduced from an inlet port 31 a provided therein.
- the gap-forming members 8 having a thickness corresponding to the gap width are prepared and attached to the top surfaces or bottom surfaces of the header units 21 to form the gaps.
- the second headers 2 b are configured to direct the second fluid through the inner tubes 41 extending from the second recesses 28 b , and in this embodiment, the second headers 2 b are formed of a single header cover 3 b that covers the first headers 2 a and the header covers 3 a .
- the header cover 3 b has a case-like structure that completely covers the first headers 2 a on the left and right sides and the heat transfer tubes 4 therebetween, and the second fluid is introduced from an inlet port 31 b and discharged from an outlet port 32 b (see FIG. 1 ) provided at both ends thereof.
- the second fluid When the second fluid is introduced via the inlet port 31 b in the thus-configured second header 2 b , the second fluid flows into the inner tubes 41 from ends thereof, and the second fluid flowing from the gap portions W between the header units 21 flows along the outer circumferences of the outer tubes 42 .
- each heat transfer tube 4 two inner tubes 41 are internally in contact with the outer tube 42 such that their axial planes are aligned. With this configuration, even when the inner tubes 41 expand due to an increase in pressure, the inner tubes 41 internally come into contact with the inner surface of the outer tube 42 , and the expansion of the inner tubes 41 can be prevented.
- the outside diameter of the outer tubes 42 is set from about 0.8 mm to 2.0 mm, and more preferably, from about 0.9 mm to 1.5 mm, and the inside diameter thereof is set from about 0.7 mm to 1.9 mm, and more preferably, from about 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm.
- splitting members 9 are attached to the upper and lower heat transfer tubes 4 of the header units 21 arranged in a stack.
- the splitting members 9 are provided in contact with the outer circumferences of the heat transfer tubes 4 , so that the second fluid flowing through the gap portions W is split and directed toward the outer circumferences of the heat transfer tubes 4 . That is, without the splitting members 9 , the second fluid flowing through the gap portions W flows through the gap spaces where no heat transfer tubes 4 are provided, which decreases the heat exchange efficiency.
- the splitting members 9 are provided in the gap spaces where heat exchange does not need to be performed, thereby directing the second fluid toward the heat transfer tubes 4 to disperse the heat from the heat transfer tubes 4 and improving the heat exchange efficiency.
- the splitting members 9 are attached parallel to the header units 21 arranged in a stack so as to overlap the gap portions W, as viewed from the axial direction of the heat transfer tubes 4 .
- the first fluid when the first fluid is introduced from the inlet port 31 a in the first header 2 a , the first fluid flows via the header cover 3 a into the header units 21 , from which the first fluid is split and flows along the spaces between the outer tubes 42 and the inner tubes 41 .
- the second fluid is introduced from the inlet port 31 b in the second header 2 b .
- the second fluid then flows from the space enclosed by the header cover 3 b into the inner tubes 41 and flows along the axial direction of the inner tubes 41 .
- the second fluid not flowing into the inner tubes 41 flows in the axial direction of the heat transfer tubes 4 via the gap portions W between the header units 21 .
- the second fluid is split by the splitting members 9 provided in the gaps between the heat transfer tubes 4 and directed toward the upper and lower heat transfer tubes 4 , and the second fluid in contact with the outer surfaces of the heat transfer tubes 4 cools or heats the first fluid.
- the header units 21 are stacked with the predetermined gap portions W therebetween, and the second fluid is made to flow along the axial direction of the heat transfer tubes 4 from the gap portions W.
- heat exchange can be performed over the entire heat transfer tubes 4 .
- splitting members 9 in contact with the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes 4 are provided along the axial direction in this embodiment, it is possible to direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions W toward the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes 4 to further improve the heat exchange efficiency.
- the gap portions W are provided using the gap-forming members 8 .
- projections 25 a or recesses 25 b are formed on top surfaces or bottom surfaces of the header units 21 , and the second fluid is directed through the gaps therebetween.
- components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment have the same configurations as those in the first embodiment.
- the unit segments 22 constituting the header units 21 have projections 25 a standing upright from the lower side of the bottom surface so as to have a certain thickness, and recesses 25 b between the projections 25 a , thereby forming the gap portions W.
- the projections 25 a are formed as an integral part of the unit segments 22 when the unit segments 22 are produced.
- the projections 25 a interfere with the upper and lower projections 25 a when the header units 21 are stacked in a top-bottom direction.
- the height of the projections 25 a is set to d/2, so that a gap width of d is achieved when the projections 25 a interfere with the upper and lower projections 25 a.
- the projections 25 a may be formed of thin plates extending along the axial direction of the heat transfer tubes 4 , and the upper and lower projections 25 a may be arranged so as to overlap each other.
- the opening 27 in the upper header unit 21 and the opening 27 in the lower header unit 21 are displaced from each other by the thickness of the plate, but the gaps may be filled with a brazing material when the header covers 3 a are attached to the openings 27 .
- the projections 25 a (or the recesses 25 b ) are formed as an integral part of the header units 21 , there is no need to attach the gap-forming members 8 when the header units 21 are stacked. Thus, the task in a stacking process can be simplified.
- the recesses 25 b are formed between the projections 25 a by forming the projections 25 a in this embodiment, conversely, the recesses 25 b may be formed by removing the bottom surface portion of the unit segment 22 , so that the projections 25 a are formed between the recesses 25 b.
- the gap portions W are provided by the gap-forming members 8 or the projections 25 a in the above-described first and second embodiments, in this embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7 , the gap portions W may be formed by the splitting members 9 disposed between the upper and lower heat transfer tubes 4 . Note that, also in this embodiment, components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment have the same configurations as those in the first embodiment.
- the heat exchanger 1 is configured without the gap-forming members 8 illustrated in FIG. 4 , and thick splitting members 9 are mounted between the heat transfer tubes 4 extending between the left and right header units 21 so as to be in contact with the heat transfer tubes 4 , thereby providing the gap portions W between the upper and lower header units 21 .
- the splitting members 9 which are formed of metallic members having a high thermal conductivity, are in contact with the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes 4 to disperse the heat of the heat transfer tubes 4 and to split and direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions W toward the heat transfer tubes 4 to be subjected to heat exchange.
- the splitting members 9 are formed of metallic rigid members, the gap between the upper and lower header units 21 is determined by the thickness of the splitting members 9 , and if the heat transfer tubes 4 are deformed or when the thickness of the splitting members 9 is inaccurate, the width of the gap between the header units 21 changes. When the gap width changes, the positions of the openings 27 in the header unit 21 change, making it difficult to attach the header covers 3 a thereto.
- the splitting members 9 may be formed of, for example, metallic elastic structures, or, only upper and lower surfaces may be formed of metallic members and a layer therebetween may be formed of an elastic material that is relatively elastic, such as urethane. With this configuration, the deformation of the heat transfer tubes 4 may be absorbed owing to the elasticity, making it easy to position the header covers 3 a with respect to the openings 27 when the header covers 3 a are attached to the openings 27 .
- splitting members 9 are configured to be parallel to the stacked header units 21 and are disposed between the heat transfer tubes 4 in the above-described embodiments, when a high heat exchange rate can be ensured without the splitting members 9 , the splitting members 9 do not have to be attached.
- the outer tube may have any shape, and the number of inner tubes may be any value. That is, any shape and any number may be employed, as long as the first fluid is subjected to heat exchange from both inside and outside.
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Abstract
The heat exchanger uses multi-layer tubes, performing efficient heat exchange. Each heat transfer tube includes an outer tube and an inner tube. Header unit directs first fluid through gaps between the inner tube and the outer tube from outer circumferences of the inner tube. The header units are stacked in a top-bottom direction with gap-forming members therebetween, leaving predetermined gap portion. Furthermore, a header cover directs the second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the header units, and is fitted from the outer side, and the second fluid is introduced. With this configuration, the second fluid flowing from the header cover is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions, enabling heat exchange to be performed from both inside and outside of the outer tubes.
Description
- The present invention relates to a heat exchanger including left and right headers and heat transfer tubes provided between the headers, and more specifically, it relates to a heat exchanger with improved heat exchange efficiency achieved by making fluid flow over a radially outside of the heat transfer tubes along the axial direction.
- Conventionally, various heat exchangers using multi-layer tubes have been proposed.
FIG. 8 shows the structure of a typical heat exchanger having multi-layer tubes. InFIG. 8 ,reference numeral 83 denotes a coaxial tube that includes anouter tube 84 and aninner tube 85 coaxially provided therein. Examples of such multi-layer tubes include a multi-layer tube in which a large number of fins are provided on the outer circumference of an inner tube along the axial direction, and a multi-layer tube in which a spiral fin is provided on the outer circumference of an inner tube (PTLs 1 to 3). When heated fluid is cooled using such a coaxial tube, the heated fluid is directed through the inside of theinner tube 85, and cold fluid is directed through a gap between theouter tube 84 and theinner tube 85, thereby cooling the fluid in theinner tube 85. - Furthermore, another heat exchanger using multi-layer tubes and having the structure shown in
FIG. 9 is also known (PTL 4). InFIG. 9 , reference numerals 210L and 210R denote headers provided on the left side and the right side, andreference numeral 210 denotes coaxial heat transfer tubes provided between the left and right headers 210L and 210R. Theheat transfer tubes 210 each include aninner tube 211 and anouter tube 212 that are coaxially provided. Theinner tubes 211 extend from theouter tubes 212, and fluid subjected to heat exchange is introduced into theinner tubes 211 from the header 210L defined by aheader wall 213. On the other hand, portions near ends of theouter tubes 212 are sealed bypartition plates 214. Cold fluid is introduced into spaces enclosed by theheader walls 213 and thepartition plates 214, from which the cold fluid flows into gap regions enclosed between theinner tubes 211 and theouter tubes 212. -
- PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-083667
- PTL 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-163092
- PTL 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-69993
- PTL 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H07-133993
- However, when heat exchange is performed using such multi-layer tubes, the following problem occurs: that is, in the heat exchangers illustrated in
FIGS. 8 and 9 , because fluid subjected to heat exchange is directed through the narrow inner tubes, if a high flow rate is to be ensured, the diameter of the inner tubes needs to be increased. However, if the diameter of the inner tubes is increased, heat exchange is performed only at the outer surfaces of the inner tubes, resulting in a problem of decreased heat exchange efficiency. - Hence, the present invention has been made to overcome the above-described problem, and an object thereof is to provide a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange using multi-layer tubes and can perform efficient heat exchange, even when a high flow rate is to be ensured.
- More specifically, the present invention has been made to overcome the above-described problem, and it provides a heat exchanger using heat transfer tubes each including an outer tube and an inner tube, the heat exchanger performing heat exchange between first fluid flowing through a gap between the outer tube and the inner tube and second fluid flowing through the inner tube. The heat exchanger includes header units that direct the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from the outer circumferences of the inner tubes, the ends of the inner tubes extending from the outer tubes; second headers that direct second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the header units; and gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows. The second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions.
- More specifically, the heat exchanger includes header units each holding portions near ends of the outer tubes at a first wall and allowing the inner tubes, which extend from the outer tubes, to extend through a second wall facing the first wall, the header units directing the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from a space enclosed by the first wall and the second wall; second headers that direct the second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the second walls of the header units; and gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows. The second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions.
- With this configuration, the first fluid flowing through the gaps between the outer tubes and the inner tubes can be cooled or heated by the second fluid from both inside and outside. Thus, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved.
- Furthermore, in this invention, the gap portions are provided by disposing gap-forming members between the stacked header units.
- With this configuration, a change in size of the gap portions can be achieved by changing the thickness of the gap-forming members. Thus, gaps of an appropriate size can be easily provided.
- Alternatively, projections or recesses are formed as an integral part of the header units, and the gap portions are provided utilizing the spaces between the projections and the recesses.
- With this configuration, the gap portions can be provided only by staking the header units having the projections or recesses. Thus, bonding the gap-forming members in an assembly process is eliminated.
- Moreover, splitting members extending along the axial direction of the heat transfer tubes are provided between upper and lower heat transfer tubes of the stacked header units.
- With this configuration, the second fluid flowing via the gap portions can be split and directed toward the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes via the splitting members. Thus, the second fluid can be directed near the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.
- Furthermore, the splitting members are provided in contact with the heat transfer tubes of the stacked header units, and the second fluid flowing from the gap portions is split and directed toward the heat transfer tubes.
- With this configuration, the gap portions may be formed by disposing the splitting members between the heat transfer tubes of the header units, and thermal diffusion can also be performed by making the splitting members in contact with the heat transfer tubes.
- The present invention provides a heat exchanger using heat transfer tubes each including an outer tube and an inner tube, the heat exchanger performing heat exchange between first fluid flowing through a gap between the outer tube and the inner tube and second fluid flowing through the inner tube, the heat exchanger including header units that direct the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from the outer circumferences of the inner tubes, the ends of the inner tubes extending from the outer tubes; second headers that direct second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the header units; and gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows. The second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions. Thus, the first fluid flowing through the gaps between the outer tubes and the inner tubes can be cooled or heated by the second fluid from both inside and outside, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a portion near a header according to a first embodiment. -
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating projections of header units according to a second embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating other projections of the header unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a heat exchanger according to a third embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a heat exchanger using conventional multi-layer tubes. -
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a heat exchanger using conventional multi-layer tubes. - An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As illustrated in
FIG. 1 , aheat exchanger 1 according to this embodiment is configured to include first headers 2 a that direct fluid (first fluid) subjected to heat exchange through gaps betweeninner tubes 41 andouter tubes 42, andsecond headers 2 b, provided on the outer sides of the first headers 2 a, that direct second fluid through theinner tubes 41. Characteristically, the first headers 2 a each include a plurality ofheader units 21 stacked, leaving gap portions W thereabove and therebelow, and the second fluid is directed through the gap portions W to perform cooling or heating from both outside and inside of theouter tubes 42, along the axis direction ofheat transfer tubes 4. Hereinbelow, the configuration of theheat exchanger 1 according to this embodiment will be described in detail. - The structure of the first headers 2 a constituting this
heat exchanger 1 will be described. The first headers 2 a are each formed by stacking theheader units 21 holding theheat transfer tubes 4, each including theinner tubes 41 and theouter tube 42. As illustrated inFIG. 4 , eachheader unit 21 is formed of anupper unit segment 22 and alower unit segment 22, which form a pair and face each other in a top-bottom direction. First recesses 28 a having a shape corresponding to the contour of a halvedouter tube 42 are provided in afirst wall 23, to which portions near the ends of theouter tubes 42 are attached, andsecond recesses 28 b having a shape corresponding to the contour of a halvedinner tube 41 are provided in a second wall (rear surface 26) axially facing thefirst wall 23, and theouter tubes 42 and theinner tubes 41 are disposed therebetween. Separation planes 20 in thefirst wall 23 and thesecond wall 26 are parallel to the axial plane of theheat transfer tubes 4 arranged in a row, and open portions of the first recesses 28 a and thesecond recesses 28 b are located in the separation planes 20. Furthermore, a side surface and a bottom surface continuous with thefirst wall 23 and thesecond wall 26 are provided, and, anopening 27 is provided in a position where one side surface should be, from which the first fluid is introduced. When theheader units 21 are formed using the thus-configuredunit segments 22, theunit segments 22 are made to face each other in the top-bottom direction, the portions near the ends of theouter tubes 42 are disposed between the first recesses 28 a, the portions near the ends of theinner tubes 41 extending therefrom are disposed between thesecond recesses 28 b, and the first fluid is introduced into the spaces between theouter tubes 42 and theinner tubes 41. When theheader units 21, in which theheat transfer tubes 4 are sandwiched in this manner, are stacked, gap-formingmembers 8 are used to provide predetermined gap portions W in the top-bottom direction, and in this state, header covers 3 a that cover theopenings 27 in theheader units 21 are attached, and the first fluid is introduced from an inlet port 31 a provided therein. When the gap portions W are provided by using the gap-formingmembers 8, the gap-formingmembers 8 having a thickness corresponding to the gap width are prepared and attached to the top surfaces or bottom surfaces of theheader units 21 to form the gaps. - Next, the structure of the
second headers 2 b will be described. Thesecond headers 2 b are configured to direct the second fluid through theinner tubes 41 extending from thesecond recesses 28 b, and in this embodiment, thesecond headers 2 b are formed of a single header cover 3 b that covers the first headers 2 a and the header covers 3 a. In this embodiment, the header cover 3 b has a case-like structure that completely covers the first headers 2 a on the left and right sides and theheat transfer tubes 4 therebetween, and the second fluid is introduced from aninlet port 31 b and discharged from an outlet port 32 b (seeFIG. 1 ) provided at both ends thereof. When the second fluid is introduced via theinlet port 31 b in the thus-configuredsecond header 2 b, the second fluid flows into theinner tubes 41 from ends thereof, and the second fluid flowing from the gap portions W between theheader units 21 flows along the outer circumferences of theouter tubes 42. - In each
heat transfer tube 4, twoinner tubes 41 are internally in contact with theouter tube 42 such that their axial planes are aligned. With this configuration, even when theinner tubes 41 expand due to an increase in pressure, theinner tubes 41 internally come into contact with the inner surface of theouter tube 42, and the expansion of theinner tubes 41 can be prevented. When suchheat transfer tubes 4 are to be formed, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, for example, the outside diameter of theouter tubes 42 is set from about 0.8 mm to 2.0 mm, and more preferably, from about 0.9 mm to 1.5 mm, and the inside diameter thereof is set from about 0.7 mm to 1.9 mm, and more preferably, from about 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm. - Furthermore, splitting
members 9 are attached to the upper and lowerheat transfer tubes 4 of theheader units 21 arranged in a stack. Thesplitting members 9 are provided in contact with the outer circumferences of theheat transfer tubes 4, so that the second fluid flowing through the gap portions W is split and directed toward the outer circumferences of theheat transfer tubes 4. That is, without thesplitting members 9, the second fluid flowing through the gap portions W flows through the gap spaces where noheat transfer tubes 4 are provided, which decreases the heat exchange efficiency. Hence, thesplitting members 9 are provided in the gap spaces where heat exchange does not need to be performed, thereby directing the second fluid toward theheat transfer tubes 4 to disperse the heat from theheat transfer tubes 4 and improving the heat exchange efficiency. When thesplitting members 9 are attached in this manner, as illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3 , thesplitting members 9 are attached parallel to theheader units 21 arranged in a stack so as to overlap the gap portions W, as viewed from the axial direction of theheat transfer tubes 4. - Next, advantages obtained when the thus-configured
heat exchanger 1 is used will be described. - First, when the first fluid is introduced from the inlet port 31 a in the first header 2 a, the first fluid flows via the header cover 3 a into the
header units 21, from which the first fluid is split and flows along the spaces between theouter tubes 42 and theinner tubes 41. - Furthermore, at the same time, the second fluid is introduced from the
inlet port 31 b in thesecond header 2 b. The second fluid then flows from the space enclosed by the header cover 3 b into theinner tubes 41 and flows along the axial direction of theinner tubes 41. Furthermore, the second fluid not flowing into theinner tubes 41 flows in the axial direction of theheat transfer tubes 4 via the gap portions W between theheader units 21. Then, the second fluid is split by thesplitting members 9 provided in the gaps between theheat transfer tubes 4 and directed toward the upper and lowerheat transfer tubes 4, and the second fluid in contact with the outer surfaces of theheat transfer tubes 4 cools or heats the first fluid. - As described above, in this embodiment, the
header units 21 are stacked with the predetermined gap portions W therebetween, and the second fluid is made to flow along the axial direction of theheat transfer tubes 4 from the gap portions W. Thus, heat exchange can be performed over the entireheat transfer tubes 4. - Furthermore, because the
splitting members 9 in contact with the surfaces of theheat transfer tubes 4 are provided along the axial direction in this embodiment, it is possible to direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions W toward the surfaces of theheat transfer tubes 4 to further improve the heat exchange efficiency. - Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the above-described first embodiment, the gap portions W are provided using the gap-forming
members 8. In the second embodiment, as illustrated inFIGS. 5 and 6 , projections 25 a or recesses 25 b are formed on top surfaces or bottom surfaces of theheader units 21, and the second fluid is directed through the gaps therebetween. Note that, in this embodiment, components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment have the same configurations as those in the first embodiment. - The
unit segments 22 constituting theheader units 21 according to this embodiment have projections 25 a standing upright from the lower side of the bottom surface so as to have a certain thickness, and recesses 25 b between the projections 25 a, thereby forming the gap portions W. Herein, the projections 25 a are formed as an integral part of theunit segments 22 when theunit segments 22 are produced. As illustrated inFIG. 5 , the projections 25 a interfere with the upper and lower projections 25 a when theheader units 21 are stacked in a top-bottom direction. Thus, when the width of the gap portions W is set to d, the height of the projections 25 a is set to d/2, so that a gap width of d is achieved when the projections 25 a interfere with the upper and lower projections 25 a. - Alternatively, as illustrated in
FIG. 6 , the projections 25 a may be formed of thin plates extending along the axial direction of theheat transfer tubes 4, and the upper and lower projections 25 a may be arranged so as to overlap each other. In this configuration, theopening 27 in theupper header unit 21 and theopening 27 in thelower header unit 21 are displaced from each other by the thickness of the plate, but the gaps may be filled with a brazing material when the header covers 3 a are attached to theopenings 27. - As described above, in the second embodiment, because the projections 25 a (or the
recesses 25 b) are formed as an integral part of theheader units 21, there is no need to attach the gap-formingmembers 8 when theheader units 21 are stacked. Thus, the task in a stacking process can be simplified. - Although the
recesses 25 b are formed between the projections 25 a by forming the projections 25 a in this embodiment, conversely, therecesses 25 b may be formed by removing the bottom surface portion of theunit segment 22, so that the projections 25 a are formed between therecesses 25 b. - Next, a third embodiment will be described. Although the gap portions W are provided by the gap-forming
members 8 or the projections 25 a in the above-described first and second embodiments, in this embodiment, as illustrated inFIG. 7 , the gap portions W may be formed by thesplitting members 9 disposed between the upper and lowerheat transfer tubes 4. Note that, also in this embodiment, components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment have the same configurations as those in the first embodiment. - The
heat exchanger 1 according to this embodiment is configured without the gap-formingmembers 8 illustrated inFIG. 4 , andthick splitting members 9 are mounted between theheat transfer tubes 4 extending between the left andright header units 21 so as to be in contact with theheat transfer tubes 4, thereby providing the gap portions W between the upper andlower header units 21. - The
splitting members 9, which are formed of metallic members having a high thermal conductivity, are in contact with the surfaces of theheat transfer tubes 4 to disperse the heat of theheat transfer tubes 4 and to split and direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions W toward theheat transfer tubes 4 to be subjected to heat exchange. - Note that, when the
splitting members 9 are formed of metallic rigid members, the gap between the upper andlower header units 21 is determined by the thickness of thesplitting members 9, and if theheat transfer tubes 4 are deformed or when the thickness of thesplitting members 9 is inaccurate, the width of the gap between theheader units 21 changes. When the gap width changes, the positions of theopenings 27 in theheader unit 21 change, making it difficult to attach the header covers 3 a thereto. Hence, thesplitting members 9 may be formed of, for example, metallic elastic structures, or, only upper and lower surfaces may be formed of metallic members and a layer therebetween may be formed of an elastic material that is relatively elastic, such as urethane. With this configuration, the deformation of theheat transfer tubes 4 may be absorbed owing to the elasticity, making it easy to position the header covers 3 a with respect to theopenings 27 when the header covers 3 a are attached to theopenings 27. - Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but may be embodied in various other forms.
- For example, although the
splitting members 9 are configured to be parallel to thestacked header units 21 and are disposed between theheat transfer tubes 4 in the above-described embodiments, when a high heat exchange rate can be ensured without thesplitting members 9, thesplitting members 9 do not have to be attached. - Furthermore, although two
inner tubes 41 are provided in a circularouter tube 42 in the above-described embodiments, the outer tube may have any shape, and the number of inner tubes may be any value. That is, any shape and any number may be employed, as long as the first fluid is subjected to heat exchange from both inside and outside. -
-
- 1 heat exchanger
- 2 header (2 a: first header, 2 b: second header)
- 3 a, 3 b header cover
- 4 heat transfer tube (41: inner tube, 42: outer tube)
- 8 gap-forming member
- 9 splitting member
- 21 header unit
- 22 unit segment
- 23 first wall
- 25 a projection
- 25 b recess
- 26 second wall (rear surface)
- 41 inner tube
- 42 outer tube
- W gap portion
Claims (10)
1. A heat exchanger using heat transfer tubes each including an outer tube and an inner tube, the heat exchanger performing heat exchange between first fluid flowing through a gap between the outer tube and the inner tube and second fluid flowing through the inner tube, the heat exchanger comprising:
header units that direct the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from the outer circumferences of the inner tubes, the ends of the inner tubes extending from the outer tubes;
second headers that direct second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the header units; and
gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows,
wherein the second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions.
2. A heat exchanger using heat transfer tubes each including an outer tube and an inner tube, the heat exchanger performing heat exchange between first fluid flowing through a gap between the outer tube and the inner tube and second fluid flowing through the inner tube, the heat exchanger comprising:
header units each holding portions near ends of the outer tubes at a first wall and allowing the inner tubes, which extend from the outer tubes, to extend through a second wall facing the first wall, the header units directing the first fluid through the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes from a space enclosed by the first wall and the second wall;
second headers that direct the second fluid through the inner tubes extending from the second walls of the header units; and
gap portions provided between the stacked header units, through which the second fluid from the second headers flows,
wherein the second fluid from the second headers is directed through the inside of the inner tubes and over outer surfaces of the outer tubes along the axial direction via the gap portions.
3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 ,
wherein the gap portions are provided by disposing gap-forming members between the stacked header units.
4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 ,
wherein the gap portions are formed by projections or recesses that are formed as an integral part of the header units.
5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 ,
wherein splitting members that split and direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions toward the heat transfer tubes are provided between the heat transfer tubes of the header units.
6. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 ,
wherein splitting members that are in contact with the heat transfer tubes and split and direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions toward the heat transfer tubes are provided between the heat transfer tubes of the header units.
7. The heat exchanger according to claim 2 ,
wherein the gap portions are provided by disposing gap-forming members between the stacked header units.
8. The heat exchanger according to claim 2 ,
wherein the gap portions are formed by projections or recesses that are formed as an integral part of the header units.
9. The heat exchanger according to claim 2 ,
wherein splitting members that split and direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions toward the heat transfer tubes are provided between the heat transfer tubes of the header units.
10. The heat exchanger according to claim 2 ,
wherein splitting members that are in contact with the heat transfer tubes and split and direct the second fluid flowing from the gap portions toward the heat transfer tubes are provided between the heat transfer tubes of the header units.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010-158342 | 2010-07-12 | ||
JP2010158342A JP5393606B2 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2010-07-12 | Heat exchanger |
PCT/JP2011/065537 WO2012008348A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-07 | Heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130112380A1 true US20130112380A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
Family
ID=45469351
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/810,122 Abandoned US20130112380A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-07 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130112380A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5393606B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20130100982A (en) |
CN (1) | CN103097847B (en) |
TW (1) | TWI470181B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012008348A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107192284A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of close-coupled heat-exchanger rig |
Families Citing this family (3)
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CN102564174A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-07-11 | 项立生 | Heat exchanger and heat exchange system |
DE102013100886B4 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2015-01-08 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle with a double-walled heat exchanger tube |
WO2016029571A1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | 泰州市沪江特种设备有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant heat-pump type horizontal double-pipe heat exchanger |
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- 2011-07-07 WO PCT/JP2011/065537 patent/WO2012008348A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-07 US US13/810,122 patent/US20130112380A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-07-07 KR KR1020137003524A patent/KR20130100982A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20130100982A (en) | 2013-09-12 |
TW201221887A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
TWI470181B (en) | 2015-01-21 |
JP5393606B2 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
JP2012021668A (en) | 2012-02-02 |
CN103097847B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
WO2012008348A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
CN103097847A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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