US20130089955A1 - Process for encapsulating a micro-device by attaching a cap and depositing getter through the cap - Google Patents
Process for encapsulating a micro-device by attaching a cap and depositing getter through the cap Download PDFInfo
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- US20130089955A1 US20130089955A1 US13/645,717 US201213645717A US2013089955A1 US 20130089955 A1 US20130089955 A1 US 20130089955A1 US 201213645717 A US201213645717 A US 201213645717A US 2013089955 A1 US2013089955 A1 US 2013089955A1
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- getter material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00261—Processes for packaging MEMS devices
- B81C1/00277—Processes for packaging MEMS devices for maintaining a controlled atmosphere inside of the cavity containing the MEMS
- B81C1/00285—Processes for packaging MEMS devices for maintaining a controlled atmosphere inside of the cavity containing the MEMS using materials for controlling the level of pressure, contaminants or moisture inside of the package, e.g. getters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/16—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations, e.g. centering rings
- H01L23/18—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device
- H01L23/26—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device including materials for absorbing or reacting with moisture or other undesired substances, e.g. getters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0174—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate for making multi-layered devices, film deposition or growing
- B81C2201/019—Bonding or gluing multiple substrate layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2203/00—Forming microstructural systems
- B81C2203/01—Packaging MEMS
- B81C2203/0118—Bonding a wafer on the substrate, i.e. where the cap consists of another wafer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2203/00—Forming microstructural systems
- B81C2203/01—Packaging MEMS
- B81C2203/0145—Hermetically sealing an opening in the lid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for encapsulating a micro-device, microsystem or micro-component, for example of the MEMS, NEMS or MOEMS type or an infrared microsensor such as a microbolometer, in a hermetic cavity formed between two substrates and in which a getter material is deposited.
- micro-devices such as those of the MEMS or NEMS type or infrared microsensors must, for successful operation, be hermetically sealed or encapsulated in a cavity of which the atmosphere is controlled (control in particular of the nature of the gas and pressure in the cavity).
- the technology used to obtain such an encapsulation consists first of producing these micro-devices collectively on a first silicon substrate (or wafer). Each of the micro-devices is then encapsulated in a cavity formed by attaching and hermetically sealing a cap, for example, formed by a second silicon substrate, on the first substrate.
- This hermetic assembly between the first and second substrate, collectively forming the encapsulation cavities for micro-devices makes it possible in particular to prevent gas leakages between the inside of the cavities and the external environment.
- non-evaporable getters in the cavities, for example in the form of getter material portions placed in these cavities, makes it possible to control the characteristics of the atmosphere in the cavities.
- the getter material portions can be produced from a deposition of a thin film of the getter material on one or the other of the two substrates, prior to the operation of assembling the two substrates.
- a shaping of the getter material portions in the plane of the two substrates is then performed by technological operations of photolithography and etching of the thin film of getter material.
- the getter material can be deposited directly on one or the other of the two substrates by lift-off, through a photosensitive resin film previously shaped by photolithography, with this film being removed after deposition of the getter material through it.
- the production of the getter material portions requires the use of a resin deposited on the getter material which, by chemical interaction with the getter material, can degrade the pumping capacities of the getter material.
- the getter material can be deposited through a stencil.
- the stencil must have a thickness of several hundred microns, and, on the other hand, there is a significant distance between the stencil and the substrate during deposition of the getter material (generally, at least one hundred microns).
- the high thickness of the temporary substrate-stencil assembly also presents disadvantages associated with the manipulation of such an assembly, which may be incompatible with some deposition machines.
- Imprecisions associated with the alignment between the stencil and the substrate can also be reflected in the positioning of the getter material portions deposited on the substrate.
- the getter material is deposited on one of the two substrates prior to the cycle of assembly of the two substrates, the getter material is therefore exposed to the atmosphere of the chamber in which the seal between the two substrates is produced.
- the first consequence of this exposure is that it is necessary to bring into line the thermal activation temperature of the getter material and the temperature reached during sealing of the two substrates together so as not to alter the getter material when it is exposed to the gaseous environment of the chamber. Indeed, if the getter material became active before the end of the sealing, it would then begin to pump the surrounding gases before the closure of the cavity. It is therefore not possible to degas the substrates at a temperature above the thermal activation temperature of the getter material. However, to successfully control the final atmosphere in the cavity containing the micro-device, a degassing of the walls defining the cavity is performed.
- the micro-device can be encapsulated with a thin film packaging (TFP), which consists of encapsulating the micro-device in a cavity defined by the substrate, on which the micro-device is produced, and a film, or thin film, for encapsulation deposited on the substrate and forming the cap. At least one vent or release hole is produced through the thin encapsulation film so as to remove a sacrificial resin covering the micro-device and on which the thin film forming the cap is deposited, thus releasing the micro-device and creating the cavity. The release hole is then plugged.
- a getter material can be produced first on the substrate so as to be encapsulated in the cavity with the micro-device.
- Such a TFP encapsulation again involves the use of a resin which can degrade the pumping capacities of the getter material.
- the getter material is exposed to oxidizing processes enabling the resin to be removed, and which will contribute to the reduction in its pumping capacity.
- Patent US 2008/049386 A1 provides a solution that consists not of producing the getter material prior to the production of the cavity, but of plugging the release holes with the getter material.
- the limited size at most several microns in diameter
- the geometry of the release holes and of the limited height of the cavity (also approximately several microns)
- one embodiment proposes a process for encapsulating a micro-device in a cavity formed between at least one first and one second substrate, comprising at least the steps of:
- the hole(s) may be produced through the first substrate, which comprises the micro-device, or through the second substrate, which forms the cap of the cavity, with one or the other of the two substrates being capable of corresponding to the drilled, or perforated, substrate.
- each substrate forms both a receiving substrate intended to receive the getter material and a drilled substrate comprising one or more holes through which the getter material can be deposited.
- the getter material is deposited in the cavity after the assembly of the two substrates forming the cavity. Because the cap is formed by a substrate and not by a thin film, the solidity of the cap is improved, making it possible to produce one or more holes of which the shape and sizes are not limited. It therefore becomes possible to deposit portions of getter material with larger dimensions in the cavity.
- This encapsulation process provides great freedom of positioning of the getter material in the cavity because there are no constraints on the dimensions, the shape or the positioning of the hole(s) through which or on which the getter material is deposited.
- the getter is deposited directly with the desired dimensions and inside the cavity formed by the two substrates assembled to one another.
- the substrate forming the cap and/or the substrate comprising the micro-device therefore serves as a stencil through which the getter material is deposited.
- substrate refers to a layer, or a multi-layer, with a thickness generally greater than or equal to around 10 ⁇ m, with this thickness distinguishing a substrate from a thin film of which the thickness is only a few microns.
- the cavity is produced by the attachment and securing of the second substrate, forming the cap, to the first substrate, and not by TFP, the use of a resin to form the cap is avoided, thereby preserving the micro-device from any damage due to the removal of the resin, or malfunctioning due to remaining resin that has been unsuccessfully removed, which may also pollute the getter material.
- This encapsulation process makes it possible to avoid the use of a stencil placed temporarily on the substrate which, in addition to the above-described disadvantages associated with this stencil, can also damage the substrate and the micro-device due to the temporary securing.
- this encapsulation process reduces the number of manipulations of the substrate performed in order to encapsulate the micro-device, and also avoids contamination of the elements associated with the separation of the stencil from the substrate.
- This encapsulation process also makes it possible, because the getter material is produced on the receiving substrate after the securing of the second substrate to the first substrate, to avoid exposure of the getter material to the gases present during this securing.
- the encapsulation process applies to any type of micro-device, for example, NEMS, MEMS, MOEMS or infrared microsensors such as microbolometers, or any other type of micro-device.
- the encapsulation process may be implemented in order to produce a collective encapsulation of a plurality of micro-devices under a controlled atmosphere in different cavities formed by assembling the first substrate to the second substrate.
- the deposition of the getter material portion may be produced under forced vacuum, for example in an evaporator, thus enabling the quality of the final atmosphere in the cavity to be improved (the nature of the gases and partial pressures).
- the deposition of the getter material portion may be carried out such that the getter material does not obstruct, or choke, the hole.
- the getter material does not obstruct, or choke, the hole.
- the dimension of the hole(s) are as large as possible so as to maximize the surface of the getter material deposited with respect to the free surfaces of the substrate receiving the getter material.
- the dimensions of the hole, in a plane parallel to one of the main faces of the drilled substrate, may be greater than or equal to around 10 ⁇ m, and/or the thickness of the drilled substrate may be greater than or equal to around 50 ⁇ m.
- the encapsulation process may also comprise the implementation, before the attachment and securing of the second substrate to the first substrate, of a step of structuring said portion of the receiving substrate, forming a relief at said portion of the receiving substrate, wherein the getter material portion is deposited on at least one part of the walls of said relief.
- the getter material portion may be deposited so that it covers the entirety of the walls of said relief. By depositing the getter material portion on such a relief, the getter material surface exposed in the cavity is increased for the same occupied surface on the receiving substrate.
- This relief may be hollow or raised.
- the relief may be such that, for the same space requirement on the receiving substrate, the getter material surface in contact with the atmosphere of the cavity is greater than that obtained for getter material deposited on a planar surface of the receiving substrate.
- the relief may form, for example, one or more grooves at said portion of the receiving substrate.
- the second substrate may be secured to the first substrate by means of a sealing bead forming lateral walls of the cavity or by a seal produced directly between the second substrate and the first substrate.
- the encapsulation process may also comprise, between the step of attaching and securing the second substrate to the first substrate and the step of hermetically sealing the cavity, the implementation of a thinning of the drilled substrate.
- a thinning of the drilled substrate can make it possible to use, in a first step (during assembly of the two substrate), a thick substrate, with the thinning then enabling a hole or holes to be produced through said substrate.
- such a thinning may be implemented before the hole(s) is (are) produced through the drilled substrate.
- the hole can be produced partially through a face of the drilled substrate intended to form a wall of the cavity, i.e. in a part of the thickness of the drilled substrate.
- the encapsulation process may also comprise, between the step of producing the hole and the step of depositing the getter material portion, the implementation of a degassing of the walls of the cavity by a thermal treatment of the first and second substrate, and/or the implementation of a deposition of at least one material against the walls of the hole, partially plugging the hole, and/or the implementation of a deposition of at least one material on said portion of the receiving substrate forming a relief on said portion of the receiving substrate, wherein the getter material portion is deposited on at least a part, or portion, of the walls of said relief.
- the material deposited on the receiving substrate forming the relief can enable a mass of material to be formed prior to the deposition of the getter material.
- This mass can then form a relief that makes it possible to then obtain a larger getter material surface exposed in the cavity.
- This material may also serve as a sub-layer for adjusting the activation temperature of the getter material.
- the deposition of material against the walls of the hole, partially plugging the hole may facilitate the subsequent plugging of the hole.
- the assembly of the two substrates and the production of the hole(s) through the drilled substrate are performed before the deposition of the getter material through said hole(s), it is possible to degas the walls of the cavity before depositing the getter material portion(s) in the cavity. In this way, the getter material is not contaminated by the gases released during this degassing.
- the hermetic sealing of the cavity by closing the hole can be performed by implementing at least one step of deposition, on the drilled substrate, of at least one portion and/or one layer of material covering at least the hole, and/or at least one step of securing a third substrate on the drilled substrate.
- the process may also comprise, after the hermetic sealing of the cavity by closing the hole, the implementation of a heat treatment thermally activating the getter material portion.
- the process may also comprise, prior to the deposition of the getter material portion, a step of deposition, at least on said portion of the receiving substrate, of at least one adjustment material capable of modifying the thermal activation temperature of the getter material portion, wherein the getter material portion is deposited on said adjustment material.
- the dimensions of the hole, at a face of the drilled substrate forming a wall of the cavity, may be smaller than the dimensions of the hole at a face of the drilled substrate opposite that forming a wall of the cavity.
- the hole can have a “funnel” shape, facilitating the deposition of the getter material through it.
- the step of producing the hole may be implemented before the step of attaching and securing the second substrate to the first substrate.
- the deposited getter material portion may not be in contact with the drilled substrate.
- the getter material may be non-porous.
- FIGS. 1A to 1H show steps of a process for encapsulating a micro-device, according to a particular embodiment
- FIGS. 2 to 8 show different alternative embodiments of the process for encapsulating the micro-device.
- FIGS. 1A to 1E show the steps of a process for encapsulating a micro-device 100 , according to a particular embodiment.
- the micro-device 100 for example of the MEMS and/or NEMS type, is first produced on and/or in the first substrate 102 , for example comprising a semiconductor such as silicon ( FIG. 1A ).
- the micro-device 100 which comprises a mobile portion, is at least partially suspended over a space 104 produced in the first substrate 102 at a receiving face 105 intended to be arranged on the side of the cavity in which the micro-device 100 will be encapsulated.
- the first substrate 102 has, for example, a thickness equal to several hundred microns.
- a cap in this case formed by a second substrate 106 comprising, for example, a semiconductor, such as silicon, or glass, is secured to the first substrate 102 , forming a cavity 108 in which the micro-device 100 is placed.
- the second substrate 106 has, for example, a thickness greater than or equal to around 10 ⁇ m, for example between around 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm, and preferably greater than around 50 ⁇ m.
- the second substrate 106 is secured to the first substrate 102 by means of a sealing bead 110 comprising, for example, a fusible material.
- the sealing bead may comprise at least one getter material, making it possible to thus increase, at the end of the encapsulation process, the getter material surface exposed to the atmosphere of the cavity 108 .
- the cavity 108 is therefore defined by the first substrate 102 , the second substrate 106 and the sealing bead 110 , which form the internal walls of the cavity 108 .
- the distance between the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 106 in this case corresponding to the thickness of the sealing bead 110 , is, for example, between 5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, or even greater than 10 ⁇ m.
- Holes 112 are then produced through the second substrate 106 , passing through the entire thickness of the second substrate 106 and forming an access to the inside of the cavity 108 from the outside ( FIGS. 1C and 1D ). These holes 112 are intended to form an access to the cavity 108 so as to deposit getter material portions on the first substrate 102 . Thus, each hole 112 is produced so that it leads to a portion, or part, 113 of the first substrate 102 (forming part of the face 105 ) capable of receiving a getter material portion.
- the first substrate 102 therefore forms a receiving substrate on which the getter material is intended to be deposited, with the second substrate 106 forming a drilled substrate comprising one or more holes through which the getter material is intended to be deposited.
- the holes 112 open not over the micro-device 100 , but next to it.
- the getter material intended to be deposited in the cavity 108 does not affect the operation of the micro-device 100 , it is possible that at least a part of the hole(s) 112 leads to above the micro-device 100 .
- FIG. 1E shows that the holes 112 lead to portions 113 of the first substrate 102 that are peripheral to the space 104 machined in the first substrate 102 and in which the micro-device 100 is located.
- the holes 112 have a substantially cylindrical shape and have a diameter of between around 2 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m so that the getter material can be deposited through these holes 112 .
- the dimensions of the holes 112 in a plane parallel to one of the main faces 111 and 115 of the second substrate 106 , i.e. in a plane parallel to the plane (X, Y), are, for example, greater than around 10 ⁇ m, thus making it possible to deposit, on the first substrate 102 , getter material portions of dimensions (parallel to the plane (X, Y)) greater than around 10 ⁇ m.
- the holes 112 can be produced by photolithography and anisotropic etching, for example deep reactive ion etching (DRIE).
- DRIE deep reactive ion etching
- the holes 112 can be produced first by photolithography and sanding on a large portion of the thickness of the substrate, then completed by dry etching (for example, by ion beam etching IBE) through the rest of the thickness of the substrate.
- dry etching for example, by ion beam etching IBE
- the resin deposited on the second substrate 106 to etch the holes 112 is then removed by a dry process.
- the second substrate 106 may be subjected to a thinning step, for example by CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) so that it has a thickness compatible with the production of the holes 112 through it and, for example, between around several dozen micrometers and 1 mm.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the holes 112 can be partially produced through the second substrate 106 , forming holes passing through a portion of the thickness of the second substrate 106 , on the side of a face 111 of the second substrate 106 intended to form a wall of the cavity 108 .
- These non-through holes can be produced by photolithography and etching or sanding, depending on the nature of the second substrate 106 .
- the holes 112 are then completed after the assembly of the second substrate 106 to the first substrate 102 either by thinning the second substrate 106 , thus opening the holes on the side of a face 115 of the second substrate 106 opposite the face 111 , or by performing photolithography and etching steps, or by successively performing these steps so that the holes previously produced in the second substrate 106 are extended through all the thickness of the second substrate 106 , and thus form holes 112 .
- FIGS. 1C and 1D The structure shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D , and in particular the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 106 , are then subjected to a heat treatment under vacuum so as to degas the walls of the cavity 108 formed by the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 106 .
- the gases rejected into the cavity 108 are discharged to the outside of the cavity 108 owing to the holes 112 .
- getter material portions 114 are then deposited on the first substrate 102 , around the micro-device 100 , at the portions 113 of the first device 102 located opposite the holes 112 .
- the getter material portions 114 produced have a shape and dimensions corresponding substantially to that of the holes 112 .
- the getter material portions 114 therefore have a substantially cylindrical, and even conical shape, of which the diameter at the base corresponds approximately to that of the holes 112 .
- the getter material portions 114 have a thickness (dimension according to the Z axis shown in FIG. 1E ), for example, less than around 2 ⁇ m. The getter material portions 114 don't obstruct the holes 112 and they are not in contact with the second substrate 106 .
- the portions 114 can comprise any getter material, i.e. any material having gas absorption and/or adsorption capacities.
- the portions 114 for example, comprise titanium and/or vanadium and/or zirconium and/or barium and/or chromium.
- the portions 114 may comprise a non-porous getter material.
- material portions 116 are produced on the second substrate 106 , at the holes 112 so as to close them and thus hermetically encapsulate the micro-device 100 in the cavity 108 .
- a portion of the material forming the portions 116 may be located in the holes 112 .
- the shape and dimensions of these portions 116 are such that they completely close the holes 112 and hermetically seal the cavity 108 .
- the portions 116 for example, comprise a fusible material, for example a tin-based metallic material.
- the closure of the holes 112 can be performed by a material layer 128 , for example comprising at least one metallic material, deposited at least on one portion of the face 111 of the second substrate 106 and so that it closes all of the holes 112 (see FIG. 1G ).
- the closure of the holes 112 and the hermetic sealing of the cavity 108 can be performed by attaching a third substrate 130 on the face 111 of the second substrate 106 and by sealing this third substrate 130 to the second substrate 106 by means of a fusible material 132 placed between the second substrate 106 and the third substrate 130 (see FIG. 1H ).
- the getter material can be deposited on the face 115 of the second substrate 106 so that, during the sealing of the third substrate 130 to the second substrate 106 , this getter material causes an isothermal solidification of the fusible material 132 placed between the second substrate 106 and the third substrate 130 .
- the assembly of the third substrate 130 to the second substrate 106 can be performed by a getter/getter assembly as described in the document US 2011/0079889 A1.
- the exterior face 115 of the second substrate 106 is covered with getter material.
- the third substrate 130 is attached by thermocompression, having been previously covered with a getter material of which the activation temperature may be controlled by an adjustment sub-layer and advantageously below that of the getter deposition 114 inside the cavity 108 .
- This getter/getter assembly may also be envisaged for producing the assembly of the second substrate 106 with the first substrate 102 .
- the process for encapsulating the micro-device 100 is completed by performing a heat activation of the getter material portions 114 , thus triggering the gas absorption and/or the adsorption in the cavity 108 by this getter material.
- the material for adjusting the thermal activation temperature of the getter material can be deposited on the portions 113 of the first substrate 102 prior to the assembly of the second substrate 106 with the first substrate 102 , or it can be deposited after this assembly, through the holes 112 .
- two holes 112 are produced through the second substrate 106 .
- the number of holes, the shape and the dimensions of the holes are adapted according to the number, the shape and the dimensions of the getter material portions to be deposited on the first substrate 102 through these holes, i.e. depending on the getter material surface to be used in the cavity 108 .
- FIG. 2 shows an example of holes capable of being produced through the second substrate 106 .
- three holes 112 with shapes and dimensions, for example, similar to the holes 112 shown in FIG. 1D , are produced through the second substrate 106 .
- a fourth hole 118 is produced through the second substrate 106 .
- This fourth hole 118 has a section, in the plane (X, Y), i.e. in the plane of the face 115 of the second substrate 106 , with a substantially rectangular shape.
- the dimensions of the fourth hole 118 according to the Y axis can be, for example, between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, and the ratio between the dimension of the hole 118 according to the X axis and the dimension of the hole 118 according to the Y axis is, for example, between around 1 and 100.
- a fifth hole 120 is produced through the cap 106 .
- This fifth hole 120 has a square shape and corresponds to two holes with a section, in the plane (X, Y), with a substantially rectangular shape, arranged one next to the other, joined and of which the dimensions may correspond to those indicated above for the fourth hole 118 .
- the second substrate 106 can be assembled directly to the first substrate 102 , without using the sealing bead 110 .
- FIG. 3 shows such an encapsulation.
- the second substrate 106 is directly in contact with the first substrate 102 .
- the assembly between the second substrate 106 and the first substrate 102 can be produced by a direct silicon/silicon seal, or by thermocompression.
- the assembly between the second substrate 106 and the first substrate 102 can be produced by an anode seal.
- the second substrate 106 comprises an etched portion, at its face in contact with the first substrate 102 , intended to form a portion of the cavity 108 and which avoids having the second substrate 106 be in contact with the micro-device 100 .
- the getter material portions 114 don't obstruct the holes 112 and they are not in contact with the second substrate 106 .
- the getter material portions 114 are deposited on the portions 113 of the first substrate 102 corresponding to planar surfaces. Alternatively, it is possible to structure these portions 113 so as to form reliefs on which the material portions 114 can be deposited.
- the first substrate 102 can comprise, at the portions 113 of the first substrate 102 , embossments 122 , or more generally portions forming a relief with respect to the rest of the surface of the first substrate 102 , arranged opposite the holes 112 .
- the getter material portions 114 are deposited on the walls of the relief formed by these embossments 122 through the holes 112 .
- This relief is produced so that, for the same space requirement on the face of the first substrate 102 located in the cavity 108 , the getter material surface of the portions 114 in contact with the atmosphere of the cavity 108 is greater than that obtained for getter material portions deposited on a planar surface of the first substrate 102 (as in FIG. 1F ).
- This relief formed at the portions 113 of the first substrate 102 intended to receive the getter material portions 114 therefore increases, for the same space requirement of the getter material on the first substrate 102 , the gas pumping capacity of the getter material deposited in the cavity 108 .
- the relief formed by the embossments 122 has a thickness (dimension according to the Z axis shown in FIG. 4 , corresponding to the height of the embossments 122 with respect to the rest of the face 105 of the first substrate 102 ), for example, between around 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m and is for example produced, prior to the assembly of the second substrate 106 with the first substrate 102 , by steps of photolithography and dry etching (for example RIE) of the face 105 of the first substrate 102 intended to be placed in the cavity 108 .
- the embossments 122 can be produced before, during or after the production of the micro-device 100 .
- the getter material portions 114 don't obstruct the holes 112 and they are not in contact with the second substrate 106 .
- the holes 112 do not have a cylindrical shape as in the previous examples, but a “funnel” shape.
- the dimensions of the section of the holes 112 at the face 111 of the second substrate 106 forming a wall of the cavity 108 can be smaller than the dimensions of the section of the holes 112 at the face 115 of the second substrate 106 opposite the face 111 .
- Such holes 112 make it possible to facilitate the deposition of the getter material portions 114 through the holes 112 .
- the relief formed at the portions 113 of the first substrate 102 corresponds to recesses 124 produced in the substrate 102 , opposite the holes 112 .
- the getter material portions 114 are deposited on the walls of the recesses 124 , through the holes 112 .
- the getter material surface of the portions 114 thus deposited in the cavity 108 is greater than for getter material portions that would be deposited on a planar surface of the first substrate 102 , with an equivalent space requirement on the first substrate 102 .
- These recesses 124 can be produced with a depth between around 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, for example by photolithography and dry etching (for example, RIE) of the substrate 102 .
- the getter material portions 114 don't obstruct the holes 112 and they are not in contact with the second substrate 106 .
- each of the embossments 122 has a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially triangular shape.
- embossments 122 a formed one next to the other opposite a single hole, each have a section, in the plane (X,Z), with a substantially rectangular shape.
- the space between the embossments 122 a forms a groove.
- the embossments 122 can also be produced with shapes and profiles different from those described here.
- each of the recesses 124 can be produced according to different types of profiles.
- each of the recesses 124 has a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially inverted triangle shape.
- the embossments it is possible to produce, opposite a single hole, several recesses arranged one next to another, thus forming one or more grooves or slots in which a getter material portion 114 will be deposited.
- two recesses 124 a arranged on next to the other opposite a single hole each have a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially rectangular shape.
- FIG. 6B two recesses 124 a arranged on next to the other opposite a single hole, each have a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially rectangular shape.
- recesses 124 b are produced in the substrate 102 .
- These recesses 124 b have a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially trapezoidal shape.
- Such recesses 124 b are, for example, produced by photolithography and wet etching (for example with a KOH solution) of the substrate 102 .
- the recesses 124 can also be produced with shapes and profiles different from those described here.
- the distance between the second substrate 106 and the first substrate 102 can be between several microns and several dozen microns (and, for example, less than around 100 ⁇ m).
- the dimensions of the relief formed by the recesses or embossments can be such that these dimensions are less than or equal to those of the hole opposite which the relief is located.
- the dimension according to the X axis of each recess or embossment can be between several microns and around 1 millimeter, with this dimension capable of corresponding substantially to the dimension of the hole according to this same axis.
- each recess or embossment can be between several microns and several dozen microns, and, for example, less than around 100 ⁇ m.
- holes 112 in the second substrate 106 of which the smallest section corresponds substantially to the section of the base of the relief to be produced.
- These holes 112 can have any geometry, and advantageously be conical, as shown in FIG. 4 .
- a pre-plugging material 126 is then used to partially close the holes 112 , prior to the deposition of the getter material (see FIG. 7 ).
- Such a pre-plugging material can be deposited, for example by CVD when this material is silicon oxide or a nitride, on the lateral walls of the holes 112 and also be deposited on the substrate 102 , opposite the holes 112 , thus forming, at the portions 113 of the first substrate 102 , a relief comprising embossments on which the getter material portions 114 can then be deposited, with the getter material then being deposited through the remaining space of the holes 112 not occupied by the pre-plugging material 126 .
- the pre-plugging material 126 deposited against the lateral walls of the holes 112 facilitates the subsequent plugging of the holes which can be performed by a single deposition of material, in particular getter material.
- the pre-plugging of the holes 112 can be performed so that the holes after this pre-plugging have a diameter equal to several microns.
- the getter material portions 114 don't obstruct the holes 112 and they are not in contact with the second substrate 106 .
- the holes 112 are produced through the second substrate 106 after having secured the second substrate 106 to the first substrate 102 .
- the holes 112 can, in this case, be produced by anisotropic etching (deep reactive ion etching, DRIE) when the second substrate 106 comprises silicon. If the second substrate 106 comprises glass, the holes 112 can be produced by a sanding-type machining.
- the holes 112 are produced through the second substrate 106 , which forms the cap. In another embodiment, it is possible for the holes 112 to be produced through the first substrate 102 . In this case, the holes are preferably produced prior to the assembly of the second substrate 106 on the first substrate 102 .
- This embodiment is advantageously produced when the micro-device 100 requires a release step consisting of releasing, for example, a mobile portion of the micro-device 100 with respect to a stationary portion.
- the link between the two portions is generally ensured by a sacrificial layer, for example comprising silicon oxide.
- the release step can, in this case, be implemented after the holes have been produced. It is also possible to produce the holes through the first substrate 102 after the second substrate 106 has been secured to the first substrate 102 . In every case, it is possible to thin the first substrate 102 prior to the production of the holes through the first substrate 102 by photolithography and DRIE etching. The second substrate 106 then serves as a cap, as well as a mechanical handle.
- the second substrate 105 serves as a receiving substrate for the getter material 114 , which is deposited on the face 111 of the second substrate 106 .
- the first substrate 102 then forms the drilled substrate through which the getter material is deposited.
- FIG. 8 shows such a configuration. All of the alternatives and options described above in relation to the configurations in which the first substrate 102 serves as a receiving substrate and the second substrate 106 corresponds to the drilled substrate can be applied to this embodiment in which the first substrate 102 corresponds to the drilled substrate and the second substrate 106 corresponds to the receiving substrate.
Abstract
-
- producing the micro-device in and/or on the first substrate,
- attaching and securing the second substrate to the first substrate, forming the cavity in which the micro-device is placed,
- producing at least one hole through one of the two substrates, called the drilled substrate, and leading into the cavity opposite a portion of the other of the two substrates, called the receiving substrate,
- depositing at least one getter material portion on said portion of the receiving substrate through the hole,
- hermetically sealing the cavity by closing the hole.
Description
- The invention relates to a process for encapsulating a micro-device, microsystem or micro-component, for example of the MEMS, NEMS or MOEMS type or an infrared microsensor such as a microbolometer, in a hermetic cavity formed between two substrates and in which a getter material is deposited.
- Some micro-devices such as those of the MEMS or NEMS type or infrared microsensors must, for successful operation, be hermetically sealed or encapsulated in a cavity of which the atmosphere is controlled (control in particular of the nature of the gas and pressure in the cavity).
- The technology used to obtain such an encapsulation consists first of producing these micro-devices collectively on a first silicon substrate (or wafer). Each of the micro-devices is then encapsulated in a cavity formed by attaching and hermetically sealing a cap, for example, formed by a second silicon substrate, on the first substrate. This hermetic assembly between the first and second substrate, collectively forming the encapsulation cavities for micro-devices, makes it possible in particular to prevent gas leakages between the inside of the cavities and the external environment.
- The addition of non-evaporable getters (NEG) in the cavities, for example in the form of getter material portions placed in these cavities, makes it possible to control the characteristics of the atmosphere in the cavities. The getter material portions can be produced from a deposition of a thin film of the getter material on one or the other of the two substrates, prior to the operation of assembling the two substrates. A shaping of the getter material portions in the plane of the two substrates is then performed by technological operations of photolithography and etching of the thin film of getter material.
- Alternatively, it is possible to deposit the getter material discretely, directly in the desired shape. For this, the getter material can be deposited directly on one or the other of the two substrates by lift-off, through a photosensitive resin film previously shaped by photolithography, with this film being removed after deposition of the getter material through it.
- In these two cases, the production of the getter material portions requires the use of a resin deposited on the getter material which, by chemical interaction with the getter material, can degrade the pumping capacities of the getter material.
- To limit this risk of chemical interaction, the getter material can be deposited through a stencil.
- The use of resins, which may degrade the pumping capacities of the getter material, is thus avoided. However, the use of such a stencil is expensive because, on the one hand, it is necessary to produce a stencil specific to the encapsulation structure (to deposit the getter material in the desired locations), and, on the other hand, temporary stencil-substrate assembly manipulations must be performed in the deposition machines. In addition, it is necessary to clean the stencil after multiple uses.
- Finally, it is difficult to precisely control the final dimensions of the getter material in the plane of the substrate on which the getter material is deposited since, on the one hand, for a question of mechanical strength, the stencil must have a thickness of several hundred microns, and, on the other hand, there is a significant distance between the stencil and the substrate during deposition of the getter material (generally, at least one hundred microns). The high thickness of the temporary substrate-stencil assembly also presents disadvantages associated with the manipulation of such an assembly, which may be incompatible with some deposition machines.
- Imprecisions associated with the alignment between the stencil and the substrate can also be reflected in the positioning of the getter material portions deposited on the substrate.
- In all of the cases described above, because the getter material is deposited on one of the two substrates prior to the cycle of assembly of the two substrates, the getter material is therefore exposed to the atmosphere of the chamber in which the seal between the two substrates is produced. The first consequence of this exposure is that it is necessary to bring into line the thermal activation temperature of the getter material and the temperature reached during sealing of the two substrates together so as not to alter the getter material when it is exposed to the gaseous environment of the chamber. Indeed, if the getter material became active before the end of the sealing, it would then begin to pump the surrounding gases before the closure of the cavity. It is therefore not possible to degas the substrates at a temperature above the thermal activation temperature of the getter material. However, to successfully control the final atmosphere in the cavity containing the micro-device, a degassing of the walls defining the cavity is performed.
- Alternatively, the micro-device can be encapsulated with a thin film packaging (TFP), which consists of encapsulating the micro-device in a cavity defined by the substrate, on which the micro-device is produced, and a film, or thin film, for encapsulation deposited on the substrate and forming the cap. At least one vent or release hole is produced through the thin encapsulation film so as to remove a sacrificial resin covering the micro-device and on which the thin film forming the cap is deposited, thus releasing the micro-device and creating the cavity. The release hole is then plugged. A getter material can be produced first on the substrate so as to be encapsulated in the cavity with the micro-device.
- Such a TFP encapsulation again involves the use of a resin which can degrade the pumping capacities of the getter material. In addition, the getter material is exposed to oxidizing processes enabling the resin to be removed, and which will contribute to the reduction in its pumping capacity.
- Patent US 2008/049386 A1 provides a solution that consists not of producing the getter material prior to the production of the cavity, but of plugging the release holes with the getter material. However, in consideration of the limited size (at most several microns in diameter) and the geometry of the release holes, and of the limited height of the cavity (also approximately several microns), it is not possible to produce a large surface of getter material in the cavity. In addition, it is difficult to control the structure of the getter material obtained, and therefore also to control its thermal activation temperature.
- This may lead to a thermal activation of the getter material with an excessively high temperature, resulting in degassing of the internal surfaces of the cavity. Finally, with such a process, there is also a risk of pollution of the getter material by the carbon if the sacrificial resin is not completely removed.
- Thus there is a need to propose a process for encapsulating a micro-device not using a resin to form the cap and not having the disadvantages of the prior art processes disclosed above.
- For this, one embodiment proposes a process for encapsulating a micro-device in a cavity formed between at least one first and one second substrate, comprising at least the steps of:
-
- producing the micro-device in and/or on the first substrate,
- attaching and securing the second substrate to the first substrate, forming the cavity in which the micro-device is placed,
- producing at least one hole through one of the two substrates, called the drilled substrate, and leading into the cavity opposite a portion of the other of the two substrates, called the receiving substrate,
- depositing at least one getter material portion on said receiving substrate portion through the hole,
- hermetically sealing the cavity by closing the hole.
- Thus, the hole(s) may be produced through the first substrate, which comprises the micro-device, or through the second substrate, which forms the cap of the cavity, with one or the other of the two substrates being capable of corresponding to the drilled, or perforated, substrate.
- It is also possible to envisage producing holes through the two substrates so as to deposit portions of getter material into the cavity, against the two substrates (taking care, for example, not to produce holes one opposite another). In this case, each substrate (first and second substrates) forms both a receiving substrate intended to receive the getter material and a drilled substrate comprising one or more holes through which the getter material can be deposited.
- In this encapsulation process, the getter material is deposited in the cavity after the assembly of the two substrates forming the cavity. Because the cap is formed by a substrate and not by a thin film, the solidity of the cap is improved, making it possible to produce one or more holes of which the shape and sizes are not limited. It therefore becomes possible to deposit portions of getter material with larger dimensions in the cavity.
- This encapsulation process provides great freedom of positioning of the getter material in the cavity because there are no constraints on the dimensions, the shape or the positioning of the hole(s) through which or on which the getter material is deposited. By choosing the number, the shape and the dimensions of the holes so that they correspond to the number, the shape and the dimensions of the getter material portions to be produced in the cavity, the getter is deposited directly with the desired dimensions and inside the cavity formed by the two substrates assembled to one another. The substrate forming the cap and/or the substrate comprising the micro-device therefore serves as a stencil through which the getter material is deposited.
- The term “substrate” refers to a layer, or a multi-layer, with a thickness generally greater than or equal to around 10 μm, with this thickness distinguishing a substrate from a thin film of which the thickness is only a few microns.
- Because the cavity is produced by the attachment and securing of the second substrate, forming the cap, to the first substrate, and not by TFP, the use of a resin to form the cap is avoided, thereby preserving the micro-device from any damage due to the removal of the resin, or malfunctioning due to remaining resin that has been unsuccessfully removed, which may also pollute the getter material.
- This encapsulation process makes it possible to avoid the use of a stencil placed temporarily on the substrate which, in addition to the above-described disadvantages associated with this stencil, can also damage the substrate and the micro-device due to the temporary securing. In addition, by comparison with a process using such a stencil, this encapsulation process reduces the number of manipulations of the substrate performed in order to encapsulate the micro-device, and also avoids contamination of the elements associated with the separation of the stencil from the substrate.
- This encapsulation process also makes it possible, because the getter material is produced on the receiving substrate after the securing of the second substrate to the first substrate, to avoid exposure of the getter material to the gases present during this securing.
- The encapsulation process applies to any type of micro-device, for example, NEMS, MEMS, MOEMS or infrared microsensors such as microbolometers, or any other type of micro-device.
- The encapsulation process may be implemented in order to produce a collective encapsulation of a plurality of micro-devices under a controlled atmosphere in different cavities formed by assembling the first substrate to the second substrate.
- The deposition of the getter material portion may be produced under forced vacuum, for example in an evaporator, thus enabling the quality of the final atmosphere in the cavity to be improved (the nature of the gases and partial pressures).
- The deposition of the getter material portion may be carried out such that the getter material does not obstruct, or choke, the hole. Thus, after the deposition of the getter material and before the hermetic sealing of the cavity obtained by closing the hole, it is possible to access the cavity through the hole which is not obstructed by the getter material.
- Advantageously, the dimension of the hole(s) are as large as possible so as to maximize the surface of the getter material deposited with respect to the free surfaces of the substrate receiving the getter material.
- The dimensions of the hole, in a plane parallel to one of the main faces of the drilled substrate, may be greater than or equal to around 10 μm, and/or the thickness of the drilled substrate may be greater than or equal to around 50 μm.
- The encapsulation process may also comprise the implementation, before the attachment and securing of the second substrate to the first substrate, of a step of structuring said portion of the receiving substrate, forming a relief at said portion of the receiving substrate, wherein the getter material portion is deposited on at least one part of the walls of said relief. The getter material portion may be deposited so that it covers the entirety of the walls of said relief. By depositing the getter material portion on such a relief, the getter material surface exposed in the cavity is increased for the same occupied surface on the receiving substrate. This relief may be hollow or raised. The relief may be such that, for the same space requirement on the receiving substrate, the getter material surface in contact with the atmosphere of the cavity is greater than that obtained for getter material deposited on a planar surface of the receiving substrate.
- The relief may form, for example, one or more grooves at said portion of the receiving substrate.
- The second substrate may be secured to the first substrate by means of a sealing bead forming lateral walls of the cavity or by a seal produced directly between the second substrate and the first substrate.
- The encapsulation process may also comprise, between the step of attaching and securing the second substrate to the first substrate and the step of hermetically sealing the cavity, the implementation of a thinning of the drilled substrate. Such at thinning can make it possible to use, in a first step (during assembly of the two substrate), a thick substrate, with the thinning then enabling a hole or holes to be produced through said substrate. In general, such a thinning may be implemented before the hole(s) is (are) produced through the drilled substrate.
- Before the step of attaching and securing the second substrate to the first substrate, the hole can be produced partially through a face of the drilled substrate intended to form a wall of the cavity, i.e. in a part of the thickness of the drilled substrate.
- The encapsulation process may also comprise, between the step of producing the hole and the step of depositing the getter material portion, the implementation of a degassing of the walls of the cavity by a thermal treatment of the first and second substrate, and/or the implementation of a deposition of at least one material against the walls of the hole, partially plugging the hole, and/or the implementation of a deposition of at least one material on said portion of the receiving substrate forming a relief on said portion of the receiving substrate, wherein the getter material portion is deposited on at least a part, or portion, of the walls of said relief. Thus, when the surface of the receiving substrate is not structured, the material deposited on the receiving substrate forming the relief can enable a mass of material to be formed prior to the deposition of the getter material.
- This mass can then form a relief that makes it possible to then obtain a larger getter material surface exposed in the cavity. This material may also serve as a sub-layer for adjusting the activation temperature of the getter material. In addition, the deposition of material against the walls of the hole, partially plugging the hole, may facilitate the subsequent plugging of the hole.
- Because the assembly of the two substrates and the production of the hole(s) through the drilled substrate are performed before the deposition of the getter material through said hole(s), it is possible to degas the walls of the cavity before depositing the getter material portion(s) in the cavity. In this way, the getter material is not contaminated by the gases released during this degassing.
- The hermetic sealing of the cavity by closing the hole can be performed by implementing at least one step of deposition, on the drilled substrate, of at least one portion and/or one layer of material covering at least the hole, and/or at least one step of securing a third substrate on the drilled substrate.
- The process may also comprise, after the hermetic sealing of the cavity by closing the hole, the implementation of a heat treatment thermally activating the getter material portion.
- The process may also comprise, prior to the deposition of the getter material portion, a step of deposition, at least on said portion of the receiving substrate, of at least one adjustment material capable of modifying the thermal activation temperature of the getter material portion, wherein the getter material portion is deposited on said adjustment material.
- The dimensions of the hole, at a face of the drilled substrate forming a wall of the cavity, may be smaller than the dimensions of the hole at a face of the drilled substrate opposite that forming a wall of the cavity. In this case, the hole can have a “funnel” shape, facilitating the deposition of the getter material through it.
- The step of producing the hole may be implemented before the step of attaching and securing the second substrate to the first substrate.
- The deposited getter material portion may not be in contact with the drilled substrate.
- The getter material may be non-porous.
- This invention will be easier to understand in view of the examples of embodiments provided purely for indicative and non-limiting purposes, in reference to the appended drawings wherein:
-
FIGS. 1A to 1H show steps of a process for encapsulating a micro-device, according to a particular embodiment, -
FIGS. 2 to 8 show different alternative embodiments of the process for encapsulating the micro-device. - Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures described below have the same numeric references for the sake of clarity between figures.
- The different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily shown according to a uniform scale, so as to make the figures more legible.
- The different possibilities (alternatives and embodiments) must be understood as being not mutually exclusive and can be combined with one another.
- Reference is made to
FIGS. 1A to 1E , which show the steps of a process for encapsulating amicro-device 100, according to a particular embodiment. - The micro-device 100, for example of the MEMS and/or NEMS type, is first produced on and/or in the
first substrate 102, for example comprising a semiconductor such as silicon (FIG. 1A ). - In this first embodiment, the
micro-device 100, which comprises a mobile portion, is at least partially suspended over aspace 104 produced in thefirst substrate 102 at a receivingface 105 intended to be arranged on the side of the cavity in which themicro-device 100 will be encapsulated. Thefirst substrate 102 has, for example, a thickness equal to several hundred microns. - As shown in
FIG. 1B , a cap, in this case formed by asecond substrate 106 comprising, for example, a semiconductor, such as silicon, or glass, is secured to thefirst substrate 102, forming acavity 108 in which themicro-device 100 is placed. Thesecond substrate 106 has, for example, a thickness greater than or equal to around 10 μm, for example between around 10 μm and 1 mm, and preferably greater than around 50 μm. - The
second substrate 106 is secured to thefirst substrate 102 by means of a sealingbead 110 comprising, for example, a fusible material. In an alternative, the sealing bead may comprise at least one getter material, making it possible to thus increase, at the end of the encapsulation process, the getter material surface exposed to the atmosphere of thecavity 108. Thecavity 108 is therefore defined by thefirst substrate 102, thesecond substrate 106 and the sealingbead 110, which form the internal walls of thecavity 108. The distance between thefirst substrate 102 and thesecond substrate 106, in this case corresponding to the thickness of the sealingbead 110, is, for example, between 5 μm and 10 μm, or even greater than 10 μm. -
Holes 112, or openings, are then produced through thesecond substrate 106, passing through the entire thickness of thesecond substrate 106 and forming an access to the inside of thecavity 108 from the outside (FIGS. 1C and 1D ). Theseholes 112 are intended to form an access to thecavity 108 so as to deposit getter material portions on thefirst substrate 102. Thus, eachhole 112 is produced so that it leads to a portion, or part, 113 of the first substrate 102 (forming part of the face 105) capable of receiving a getter material portion. Thefirst substrate 102 therefore forms a receiving substrate on which the getter material is intended to be deposited, with thesecond substrate 106 forming a drilled substrate comprising one or more holes through which the getter material is intended to be deposited. In the example described here, theholes 112 open not over the micro-device 100, but next to it. However, if the getter material intended to be deposited in thecavity 108 does not affect the operation of the micro-device 100, it is possible that at least a part of the hole(s) 112 leads to above themicro-device 100.FIG. 1E shows that theholes 112 lead toportions 113 of thefirst substrate 102 that are peripheral to thespace 104 machined in thefirst substrate 102 and in which themicro-device 100 is located. - In this first embodiment, the
holes 112 have a substantially cylindrical shape and have a diameter of between around 2 μm and 100 μm so that the getter material can be deposited through theseholes 112. The dimensions of theholes 112 in a plane parallel to one of themain faces second substrate 106, i.e. in a plane parallel to the plane (X, Y), are, for example, greater than around 10 μm, thus making it possible to deposit, on thefirst substrate 102, getter material portions of dimensions (parallel to the plane (X, Y)) greater than around 10 μm. When thesecond substrate 106 comprises semiconductor, theholes 112 can be produced by photolithography and anisotropic etching, for example deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). When thesecond substrate 106 comprises glass, theholes 112 can be produced first by photolithography and sanding on a large portion of the thickness of the substrate, then completed by dry etching (for example, by ion beam etching IBE) through the rest of the thickness of the substrate. The resin deposited on thesecond substrate 106 to etch theholes 112 is then removed by a dry process. - Prior to the production of the
holes 112, thesecond substrate 106 may be subjected to a thinning step, for example by CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) so that it has a thickness compatible with the production of theholes 112 through it and, for example, between around several dozen micrometers and 1 mm. - In an alternative, prior to the assembly of the
second substrate 106 with thefirst substrate 102, theholes 112 can be partially produced through thesecond substrate 106, forming holes passing through a portion of the thickness of thesecond substrate 106, on the side of aface 111 of thesecond substrate 106 intended to form a wall of thecavity 108. These non-through holes can be produced by photolithography and etching or sanding, depending on the nature of thesecond substrate 106. Theholes 112 are then completed after the assembly of thesecond substrate 106 to thefirst substrate 102 either by thinning thesecond substrate 106, thus opening the holes on the side of aface 115 of thesecond substrate 106 opposite theface 111, or by performing photolithography and etching steps, or by successively performing these steps so that the holes previously produced in thesecond substrate 106 are extended through all the thickness of thesecond substrate 106, and thus form holes 112. - The structure shown in
FIGS. 1C and 1D , and in particular thefirst substrate 102 and thesecond substrate 106, are then subjected to a heat treatment under vacuum so as to degas the walls of thecavity 108 formed by thefirst substrate 102 and thesecond substrate 106. The gases rejected into thecavity 108 are discharged to the outside of thecavity 108 owing to theholes 112. - As shown in
FIG. 1E ,getter material portions 114 are then deposited on thefirst substrate 102, around themicro-device 100, at theportions 113 of thefirst device 102 located opposite theholes 112. Thegetter material portions 114 produced have a shape and dimensions corresponding substantially to that of theholes 112. In the example ofFIG. 1E , thegetter material portions 114 therefore have a substantially cylindrical, and even conical shape, of which the diameter at the base corresponds approximately to that of theholes 112. Thegetter material portions 114 have a thickness (dimension according to the Z axis shown inFIG. 1E ), for example, less than around 2 μm. Thegetter material portions 114 don't obstruct theholes 112 and they are not in contact with thesecond substrate 106. - The
portions 114 can comprise any getter material, i.e. any material having gas absorption and/or adsorption capacities. Theportions 114, for example, comprise titanium and/or vanadium and/or zirconium and/or barium and/or chromium. Theportions 114 may comprise a non-porous getter material. - Finally, as shown in
FIG. 1F ,material portions 116 are produced on thesecond substrate 106, at theholes 112 so as to close them and thus hermetically encapsulate the micro-device 100 in thecavity 108. A portion of the material forming theportions 116 may be located in theholes 112. The shape and dimensions of theseportions 116 are such that they completely close theholes 112 and hermetically seal thecavity 108. Theportions 116, for example, comprise a fusible material, for example a tin-based metallic material. - In a first alternative embodiment, the closure of the
holes 112 can be performed by amaterial layer 128, for example comprising at least one metallic material, deposited at least on one portion of theface 111 of thesecond substrate 106 and so that it closes all of the holes 112 (seeFIG. 1G ). - In a second alternative embodiment, the closure of the
holes 112 and the hermetic sealing of thecavity 108 can be performed by attaching athird substrate 130 on theface 111 of thesecond substrate 106 and by sealing thisthird substrate 130 to thesecond substrate 106 by means of afusible material 132 placed between thesecond substrate 106 and the third substrate 130 (seeFIG. 1H ). In this case, the getter material can be deposited on theface 115 of thesecond substrate 106 so that, during the sealing of thethird substrate 130 to thesecond substrate 106, this getter material causes an isothermal solidification of thefusible material 132 placed between thesecond substrate 106 and thethird substrate 130. - The assembly of the
third substrate 130 to thesecond substrate 106 can be performed by a getter/getter assembly as described in the document US 2011/0079889 A1. In this case, after deposition of thegetter material 114 through theholes 112, theexterior face 115 of thesecond substrate 106 is covered with getter material. Then, thethird substrate 130 is attached by thermocompression, having been previously covered with a getter material of which the activation temperature may be controlled by an adjustment sub-layer and advantageously below that of thegetter deposition 114 inside thecavity 108. This getter/getter assembly may also be envisaged for producing the assembly of thesecond substrate 106 with thefirst substrate 102. - The process for encapsulating the
micro-device 100 is completed by performing a heat activation of thegetter material portions 114, thus triggering the gas absorption and/or the adsorption in thecavity 108 by this getter material. - It is possible to deposit, on the
portions 113 of thefirst substrate 102, prior to the deposition of the getter material portions 114 (through theholes 112 or directly on thefirst substrate 102 before the assembly of the twosubstrates 102 and 106), an adjustment material making it possible to modify the thermal activation temperature of thegetter material portions 114 that are deposited on this adjustment material. The details of production of such an adjustment material are described in the document EP 2 197 780 B1. Thus, it is possible, for example, to produce thegetter material portions 114 and this adjustment material so that the thermal activation temperature of the getter material is less, for example by at least 25° C., than the temperature for degassing the walls of thecavity 108. Another degassing of the walls of thecavity 108 during thermal activation of the getter material, which would pollute the getter material, is thus avoided. The material for adjusting the thermal activation temperature of the getter material can be deposited on theportions 113 of thefirst substrate 102 prior to the assembly of thesecond substrate 106 with thefirst substrate 102, or it can be deposited after this assembly, through theholes 112. - In the example of the encapsulation process described above in reference to
FIGS. 1A to 1H , twoholes 112 are produced through thesecond substrate 106. However, it is possible to produce a single hole, or more than two holes, through thesecond substrate 106. The number of holes, the shape and the dimensions of the holes are adapted according to the number, the shape and the dimensions of the getter material portions to be deposited on thefirst substrate 102 through these holes, i.e. depending on the getter material surface to be used in thecavity 108. -
FIG. 2 shows an example of holes capable of being produced through thesecond substrate 106. In this example, threeholes 112, with shapes and dimensions, for example, similar to theholes 112 shown inFIG. 1D , are produced through thesecond substrate 106. In addition, afourth hole 118 is produced through thesecond substrate 106. Thisfourth hole 118 has a section, in the plane (X, Y), i.e. in the plane of theface 115 of thesecond substrate 106, with a substantially rectangular shape. The dimensions of thefourth hole 118 according to the Y axis can be, for example, between 1 μm and 100 μm, and the ratio between the dimension of thehole 118 according to the X axis and the dimension of thehole 118 according to the Y axis is, for example, between around 1 and 100. Afifth hole 120 is produced through thecap 106. Thisfifth hole 120 has a square shape and corresponds to two holes with a section, in the plane (X, Y), with a substantially rectangular shape, arranged one next to the other, joined and of which the dimensions may correspond to those indicated above for thefourth hole 118. - In an alternative of the encapsulation process described above, the
second substrate 106 can be assembled directly to thefirst substrate 102, without using the sealingbead 110.FIG. 3 shows such an encapsulation. - In this example, the
second substrate 106 is directly in contact with thefirst substrate 102. When thesecond substrate 106 comprises a semiconductor, for example, similar to that of thefirst substrate 102, the assembly between thesecond substrate 106 and thefirst substrate 102 can be produced by a direct silicon/silicon seal, or by thermocompression. When thesecond substrate 106 comprises glass, the assembly between thesecond substrate 106 and thefirst substrate 102 can be produced by an anode seal. It can be seen in the example ofFIG. 3 that thesecond substrate 106 comprises an etched portion, at its face in contact with thefirst substrate 102, intended to form a portion of thecavity 108 and which avoids having thesecond substrate 106 be in contact with themicro-device 100. Here again, thegetter material portions 114 don't obstruct theholes 112 and they are not in contact with thesecond substrate 106. - In the examples described above, the
getter material portions 114 are deposited on theportions 113 of thefirst substrate 102 corresponding to planar surfaces. Alternatively, it is possible to structure theseportions 113 so as to form reliefs on which thematerial portions 114 can be deposited. Thus, as shown inFIG. 4 , thefirst substrate 102 can comprise, at theportions 113 of thefirst substrate 102,embossments 122, or more generally portions forming a relief with respect to the rest of the surface of thefirst substrate 102, arranged opposite theholes 112. Thegetter material portions 114 are deposited on the walls of the relief formed by theseembossments 122 through theholes 112. This relief is produced so that, for the same space requirement on the face of thefirst substrate 102 located in thecavity 108, the getter material surface of theportions 114 in contact with the atmosphere of thecavity 108 is greater than that obtained for getter material portions deposited on a planar surface of the first substrate 102 (as inFIG. 1F ). This relief formed at theportions 113 of thefirst substrate 102 intended to receive thegetter material portions 114 therefore increases, for the same space requirement of the getter material on thefirst substrate 102, the gas pumping capacity of the getter material deposited in thecavity 108. - The relief formed by the
embossments 122 has a thickness (dimension according to the Z axis shown inFIG. 4 , corresponding to the height of theembossments 122 with respect to the rest of theface 105 of the first substrate 102), for example, between around 1 μm and 10 μm and is for example produced, prior to the assembly of thesecond substrate 106 with thefirst substrate 102, by steps of photolithography and dry etching (for example RIE) of theface 105 of thefirst substrate 102 intended to be placed in thecavity 108. Theembossments 122 can be produced before, during or after the production of themicro-device 100. Here again, thegetter material portions 114 don't obstruct theholes 112 and they are not in contact with thesecond substrate 106. - In the example of
FIG. 4 , theholes 112 do not have a cylindrical shape as in the previous examples, but a “funnel” shape. In general, regardless of the shape of the sections of theholes 112 at thefaces second substrate 106, the dimensions of the section of theholes 112 at theface 111 of thesecond substrate 106 forming a wall of thecavity 108 can be smaller than the dimensions of the section of theholes 112 at theface 115 of thesecond substrate 106 opposite theface 111.Such holes 112 make it possible to facilitate the deposition of thegetter material portions 114 through theholes 112. It is possible to produce such holes owing to the fact that the cap of thecavity 108 is formed by a substrate and not by a thin film, which would not have sufficient mechanical strength. The principle of the production of holes with a “funnel” shape can also be applied to the other examples of holes described above and comprising a section with a non-circular shape. - In another alternative shown in
FIG. 5 , the relief formed at theportions 113 of thefirst substrate 102 corresponds torecesses 124 produced in thesubstrate 102, opposite theholes 112. - The
getter material portions 114 are deposited on the walls of therecesses 124, through theholes 112. As for theembossments 122, the getter material surface of theportions 114 thus deposited in thecavity 108 is greater than for getter material portions that would be deposited on a planar surface of thefirst substrate 102, with an equivalent space requirement on thefirst substrate 102. Theserecesses 124 can be produced with a depth between around 1 μm and 10 μm, for example by photolithography and dry etching (for example, RIE) of thesubstrate 102. Here again, thegetter material portions 114 don't obstruct theholes 112 and they are not in contact with thesecond substrate 106. - The
embossments 122 and therecesses 124 can be produced in different shapes. In the example ofFIG. 4 , each of theembossments 122 has a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially triangular shape. - It is also possible to produce, opposite a single hole, a plurality of embossments arranged one next to another, thus forming one or more grooves or slots in which a
getter material portion 114 is deposited. For example, as shown inFIG. 6A , twoembossments 122 a formed one next to the other opposite a single hole, each have a section, in the plane (X,Z), with a substantially rectangular shape. - The space between the
embossments 122 a forms a groove. Theembossments 122 can also be produced with shapes and profiles different from those described here. - Similarly, the
recesses 124 can be produced according to different types of profiles. In the example ofFIG. 5 , each of therecesses 124 has a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially inverted triangle shape. As for the embossments, it is possible to produce, opposite a single hole, several recesses arranged one next to another, thus forming one or more grooves or slots in which agetter material portion 114 will be deposited. For example, as shown inFIG. 6B , tworecesses 124 a arranged on next to the other opposite a single hole, each have a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially rectangular shape. In another example shown inFIG. 6C , recesses 124 b are produced in thesubstrate 102. Theserecesses 124 b have a section, in the plane (X, Z), with a substantially trapezoidal shape.Such recesses 124 b are, for example, produced by photolithography and wet etching (for example with a KOH solution) of thesubstrate 102. Therecesses 124 can also be produced with shapes and profiles different from those described here. - The distance between the
second substrate 106 and thefirst substrate 102 can be between several microns and several dozen microns (and, for example, less than around 100 μm). The dimensions of the relief formed by the recesses or embossments can be such that these dimensions are less than or equal to those of the hole opposite which the relief is located. In the examples ofFIGS. 6A to 6C , the dimension according to the X axis of each recess or embossment can be between several microns and around 1 millimeter, with this dimension capable of corresponding substantially to the dimension of the hole according to this same axis. - The dimension according to the Y axis of each recess or embossment can be between several microns and several dozen microns, and, for example, less than around 100 μm. To increase the getter material surface of the getter portion, it is possible to produce as many recesses and/or embossments as possible opposite each hole.
- To form a relief capable of having large dimensions on the
first substrate 102, it is possible to form one ormore holes 112 in thesecond substrate 106 of which the smallest section corresponds substantially to the section of the base of the relief to be produced. Theseholes 112 can have any geometry, and advantageously be conical, as shown inFIG. 4 . Apre-plugging material 126 is then used to partially close theholes 112, prior to the deposition of the getter material (seeFIG. 7 ). Such a pre-plugging material can be deposited, for example by CVD when this material is silicon oxide or a nitride, on the lateral walls of theholes 112 and also be deposited on thesubstrate 102, opposite theholes 112, thus forming, at theportions 113 of thefirst substrate 102, a relief comprising embossments on which thegetter material portions 114 can then be deposited, with the getter material then being deposited through the remaining space of theholes 112 not occupied by thepre-plugging material 126. Thepre-plugging material 126 deposited against the lateral walls of theholes 112 facilitates the subsequent plugging of the holes which can be performed by a single deposition of material, in particular getter material. The pre-plugging of theholes 112 can be performed so that the holes after this pre-plugging have a diameter equal to several microns. - The
getter material portions 114 don't obstruct theholes 112 and they are not in contact with thesecond substrate 106. - In the examples described above, the
holes 112 are produced through thesecond substrate 106 after having secured thesecond substrate 106 to thefirst substrate 102. However, it is also possible to produce theseholes 112 through thesecond substrate 106 prior to the assembly of the two substrates. Theholes 112 can, in this case, be produced by anisotropic etching (deep reactive ion etching, DRIE) when thesecond substrate 106 comprises silicon. If thesecond substrate 106 comprises glass, theholes 112 can be produced by a sanding-type machining. By producing theholes 112 prior to the assembly of thesubstrates cavity 108 is facilitated. - In the embodiments and alternatives described above, the
holes 112 are produced through thesecond substrate 106, which forms the cap. In another embodiment, it is possible for theholes 112 to be produced through thefirst substrate 102. In this case, the holes are preferably produced prior to the assembly of thesecond substrate 106 on thefirst substrate 102. - This embodiment is advantageously produced when the
micro-device 100 requires a release step consisting of releasing, for example, a mobile portion of the micro-device 100 with respect to a stationary portion. The link between the two portions is generally ensured by a sacrificial layer, for example comprising silicon oxide. The release step can, in this case, be implemented after the holes have been produced. It is also possible to produce the holes through thefirst substrate 102 after thesecond substrate 106 has been secured to thefirst substrate 102. In every case, it is possible to thin thefirst substrate 102 prior to the production of the holes through thefirst substrate 102 by photolithography and DRIE etching. Thesecond substrate 106 then serves as a cap, as well as a mechanical handle. - When the
holes 112 are produced through thefirst substrate 102, thesecond substrate 105 serves as a receiving substrate for thegetter material 114, which is deposited on theface 111 of thesecond substrate 106. Thefirst substrate 102 then forms the drilled substrate through which the getter material is deposited.FIG. 8 shows such a configuration. All of the alternatives and options described above in relation to the configurations in which thefirst substrate 102 serves as a receiving substrate and thesecond substrate 106 corresponds to the drilled substrate can be applied to this embodiment in which thefirst substrate 102 corresponds to the drilled substrate and thesecond substrate 106 corresponds to the receiving substrate.
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1159167 | 2011-10-11 | ||
FR1159167A FR2981059A1 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2011-10-11 | METHOD FOR ENCAPSULATING MICRO-DEVICE BY SHELF CAP AND GETTER DEPOSITION THROUGH THE HOOD |
Publications (2)
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US20130089955A1 true US20130089955A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
US8999762B2 US8999762B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
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US13/645,717 Expired - Fee Related US8999762B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2012-10-05 | Process for encapsulating a micro-device by attaching a cap and depositing getter through the cap |
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US (1) | US8999762B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2581338A1 (en) |
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US20110233750A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-09-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Arrangement of Two Substrates having an SLID Bond and Method for Producing such an Arrangement |
US20140231995A1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-21 | Yuichi Ando | Semiconductor device, and method of manufacturing device |
EP2813464A1 (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-17 | Tronics Microsystems S.A. | Device with getter material |
CN105366624A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-02 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | A semiconductor device and a manufacturing method therefor and an electronic apparatus |
CN105480937A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-04-13 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Semiconductor structure and forming method thereof |
US9327963B2 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2016-05-03 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Encapsulation structure comprising trenches partially filled with getter material |
US20160214077A1 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-07-28 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited | Getter, mems device and method of forming the same |
US20160376145A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-12-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a micromechanical structure and a component having this micromechanical stucture |
DE102017120566A1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-05-30 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | SEAL MULTILAYER FOR GOOD SEALING RESULTS |
CN111670159A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2020-09-15 | 法国原子能源和替代能源委员会 | Method for packaging a microelectronic device comprising a step of thinning the substrate and/or the package lid |
US20220172971A1 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2022-06-02 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Hermetically sealed housing with a semiconductor component and method for manufacturing thereof |
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FR3008690B1 (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE COMPRISING A FLUID CHANNEL PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE MICRO OR NANOELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MAKING SUCH A DEVICE |
CN103490016B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-10-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of encapsulating structure of OLED |
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US20110233750A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-09-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Arrangement of Two Substrates having an SLID Bond and Method for Producing such an Arrangement |
US9111787B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2015-08-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Arrangement of two substrates having an SLID bond and method for producing such an arrangement |
US20140231995A1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-21 | Yuichi Ando | Semiconductor device, and method of manufacturing device |
EP2813464A1 (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-17 | Tronics Microsystems S.A. | Device with getter material |
US9327963B2 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2016-05-03 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Encapsulation structure comprising trenches partially filled with getter material |
US20160214077A1 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-07-28 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited | Getter, mems device and method of forming the same |
US10155214B2 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2018-12-18 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited | Getter, MEMS device and method of forming the same |
CN105366624A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-02 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | A semiconductor device and a manufacturing method therefor and an electronic apparatus |
CN105480937A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-04-13 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Semiconductor structure and forming method thereof |
US20160376145A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-12-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a micromechanical structure and a component having this micromechanical stucture |
DE102017120566B4 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-10-31 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | SEAL MULTILAYER FOR GOOD SEALING RESULTS |
DE102017120566A1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-05-30 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | SEAL MULTILAYER FOR GOOD SEALING RESULTS |
US10322928B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2019-06-18 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Multi-layer sealing film for high seal yield |
US10676343B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2020-06-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Multi-layer sealing film for high seal yield |
US11034578B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2021-06-15 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Multi-layer sealing film for high seal yield |
US20220172971A1 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2022-06-02 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Hermetically sealed housing with a semiconductor component and method for manufacturing thereof |
US11876007B2 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2024-01-16 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Hermetically sealed housing with a semiconductor component and method for manufacturing thereof |
CN111670159A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2020-09-15 | 法国原子能源和替代能源委员会 | Method for packaging a microelectronic device comprising a step of thinning the substrate and/or the package lid |
US11254567B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2022-02-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method for encapsulating a microelectronic device, comprising a step of thinning the substrate and/or the encapsulation cover |
JP7304870B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2023-07-07 | コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ | A method of encapsulating a microelectronic device comprising thinning a substrate and/or an encapsulating cover |
Also Published As
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US8999762B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
FR2981059A1 (en) | 2013-04-12 |
EP2581338A1 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
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