US20130015253A1 - Arrangement and a Method for Ventilation of a Space - Google Patents

Arrangement and a Method for Ventilation of a Space Download PDF

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US20130015253A1
US20130015253A1 US13/636,685 US201113636685A US2013015253A1 US 20130015253 A1 US20130015253 A1 US 20130015253A1 US 201113636685 A US201113636685 A US 201113636685A US 2013015253 A1 US2013015253 A1 US 2013015253A1
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air
humidity
relative humidity
temperature
chamber
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Rikard Bergsten
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D18/00—Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups G01D1/00 - G01D15/00
    • G01D18/002—Automatic recalibration
    • G01D18/006—Intermittent recalibration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0006—Calibrating gas analysers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D22/00—Control of humidity
    • G05D22/02—Control of humidity characterised by the use of electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F2005/0032—Systems storing energy during the night
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/30—Velocity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement and to a method for ventilation of a space, particularly for reducing or preventing locally occurring humidity problems in the space, even more particularly for enabling humidity control.
  • Humidity problems are often produced in cold spaces ventilated by exterior air, often only due to the humidity of the surrounding air and the fact that non-heated spaces often are as cold as, or even colder than, their surroundings and they will therefore accumulate humidity to levels wherein mould, fungi and other microorganisms can grow.
  • the problems are aggravated if, in addition thereto, there are internal humidity sources such as for example leakage of humid air into an attic space from the living area.
  • Absolute humidity is, conceptually seen, the amount of water in vapour phase that a given volume of air contains, normally expressed in grams per cubic meter, i.e. the density of the water vapour.
  • Vapour pressure here means the partial pressure of the water vapour in air in agreement with the praxis of the construction field. It should thus be noted that the definition of vapour pressure is different from the established definition within for example organical chemistry (wherein the vapour pressure instead means the pressure at which the evaporation of a substance is in equilibrium with its liquid and solid phases at a certain given temperature).
  • the saturation vapour content at a certain temperature is the amount of water in vapour phase that air maximally can contain before the water vapour starts to condensate at a surface or starts forming particles in the air.
  • the relative humidity is the relation between current absolute humidity and the saturation vapour content at the current temperature. This is at a given temperature numerically the same as the relation between the vapour pressure and the saturation vapour pressure, cf. for example Nevander, Elmarsson “Fukthandbok: Praktik och Teori”, Svensk Byggtjänst 1994.
  • control of when ventilation with exterior air is to take place or not is performed, as earlier described, using information from humidity sensors, wherein the respective humidity is measured by means of a sensor at the inside and a sensor at the outside.
  • H rel absolute humidity/saturation vapour content (applicable as a general rule).
  • Absolute humidity H rel ⁇ saturation vapour content.
  • Humidity sensors can in other words be described as something that measures the temperature and the relative humidity and something that, in some cases, from these values, extracts a signal corresponding to the absolute humidity.
  • a property of humidity sensors is that they although having a long term stable precision, they tend to drift in accuracy over time. The effect thereof is that previous systems either have required a regular calibration or their functioning has been poorer than what would have been possible with accurately calibrated sensors. So far it has not been possible to provide a ventilation arrangement which is long term stable, which allows ventilation and controlling of the humidity which is efficient and reliable and which functions well also when/if the accuracy of used humidity sensors is deteriorated with time. It has also been impossible to provide an arrangement which satisfactorily can handle situations with locally occurring humidity and prevent local damages due to humidity.
  • US 2003/0181158 describes a control system for a HVAC system (a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system) wherein the air is recirculated to assure that heating of air and cooling of air becomes more efficient, and wherein outdoor air is mixed in to the extent needed to meet requirements on fresh air.
  • the arrangement described in this document has as an object to cool, heat and ventilate a space in a cost efficient manner.
  • the arrangement controlled by a control system in the above mentioned document operates with two motorized, driven, ventilation dampers and a fan. A certain amount of outdoor air is always mixed in, in the document it is mentioned between 5-30%. However, it is difficult to prevent (local) damages, e.g.
  • a most particular object is to provide a stand-alone arrangement for ventilation preventing humidity problems in a normally not heated space, or an only sparsely heated space, but alternatively also for a normally heated space.
  • a humidity sensor which is connected to a control system, is so arranged or located in a chamber that it can sense the humidity in air provided via en opening, outdoor air and recirculated, interior, air.
  • the humidity sensor according to some embodiment senses the relative humidities, in which case the absolute humidity has to be established, e.g. using table values or approximations, by the sensor or by the control system.
  • the sensor measures absolute humidity or water vapour pressure.
  • the absolute humidity values of the exterior air and the recirculated air are compared, and the control system controlling ventilation (air supply from outside) and recirculation makes sure that always the air with the lowest absolute humidity (or water vapour pressure) is provided to the space.
  • the humidity (relative humidity or water vapour pressure or absolute humidity) from the opening/openings is measured by one and the same sensor (connected to, or also comprising a temperature sensor), which has a consequence that a possible drift in accuracy of the sensor will be balanced when the values are compared, since the error is the same for exterior air and for recirculated air.
  • the arrangement is robust, that it easily can be so arranged that the air actually is rotated, circulated, properly, it is easy to mount, e.g. over a gable vent, without having to consider e.g. air flow resistance in the valve openings and if it can be used as a stand-alone unit, and can be mounted by a layman.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first schematical block diagram of an arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematical block diagram of a second embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematical block diagram of a third embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematical view of an arrangement according to the invention with two chambers
  • FIG. 4B is a view similar to that of FIG. 4A for a slightly different embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram describing a method for ventilation of a space according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the arrangement here comprises one chamber, here called a first chamber A 3 with two from one another separate openings, a first opening and a second opening 4 3 .
  • the first opening is via a channel 100 3 and a first connection 5 3 connected to outdoor air and to a space 3 to be ventilated/conditioned respectively via a connection 6 3 .
  • the second opening or connection 4 3 is provided at the air supply side of the space 3 .
  • either fresh outdoor air or recirculated indoor air from the space 3 can be supplied to space 3 from the chamber A 3 via the second connection 4 3 .
  • a first fan 8 3 at connection 5 3 is arranged to provide for supply of outdoor air whereas a second fan 9 3 is arranged to supply recirculated air and at any moment at least one of the fans is driven or active.
  • a reverse ventilation damper 12 3 which also may be a driven motorized valve, will at any moment prevent that air flows out via the channel 100 3 through which, as stated above, fresh outdoor air can be supplied.
  • a humidity sensor 10 3 (it is here supposed that it also comprises a temperature measuring functionality; a temperature sensor is alternatively provided as a separate sensor) is arranged, which in turn is connected to a control system 30 3 which is arranged to, by in an alternating manner driving the first fan 8 3 and the second fan 9 3 , establish whether it is the outdoor air or the indoor air from the space that has the highest absolute humidity or water vapour pressure.
  • a control system 30 3 which is arranged to, by in an alternating manner driving the first fan 8 3 and the second fan 9 3 , establish whether it is the outdoor air or the indoor air from the space that has the highest absolute humidity or water vapour pressure.
  • this air is used as ventilation, or recirculation, air to be supplied to the space 3 .
  • the establishment of the relation between the said absolute humidity levels (or water vapour pressure) takes place at regular intervals, for example once an hour, whereupon a change to ventilation or recirculation depending on the outcome of the comparison will take place. This procedure runs thereafter without interruption. It should be clear that the establishment of the relationship between e.g. the absolute humidities, or the comparing of the absolute humidities, can be done also at more or less regular intervals and it is of course not limited to being done once per hour but it can be done with a lower or a higher frequency as well.
  • the absolute humidity is established by the control system 30 3 having access to tabulated values from an information holding means 40 3 , which may be comprised in the control system, or be external. Alternatively the sensor is capable of, from measured relative humidity establish absolute humidity (or water vapour pressure). Still further a sensor could be used that actually measures absolute humidity or water vapour pressure.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative implementation of an arrangement. It here comprises two chambers, a first chamber A 4 and a second chamber B 4 , and also a heating element 20 4 .
  • the first chamber A 4 is connected to interior or indoor air of the space 3 via a second connection 4 4 and also to exterior or outdoor air via a first connection 5 4 , and furthermore to the second chamber B 4 via a connection 6 4 .
  • the second chamber B 4 is connected to indoor or interior air via a connection 7 4 (and to the first chamber A 4 via the connection 6 4 ).
  • a first fan 8 4 is arranged at the entry to the first chamber A 4 and it is capable of driving air from the outside, outdoor air, via the connection 5 4 , and via a reverse ventilation damper 12 4 to the indoor air connection 4 4 .
  • the connection 6 4 between the first chamber and the second chamber is located after the reverse ventilation damper 12 4 and the first chamber A 4 .
  • the reverse ventilation damper 12 4 is so arranged that it opens when the first fan 8 4 in the first chamber A 4 is active, and is closed when the first fan 8 4 in the first chamber is inactive, and when a second fan 9 4 in the second chamber B 4 , at the connection of the second chamber B 4 to indoor air, is active.
  • the second fan 9 4 is so arranged that it gives an overpressure which is the same as or lower than a pressure produced by the first fan 8 4 .
  • the second fan 9 4 is so arranged in the second chamber B 4 that it drives air via the interior air connection 7 4 to the second chamber into the first chamber.
  • a heating element 20 4 is located close to the connection 6 4 between the first and second chambers.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 2 also comprises a control system 30 4 and a humidity sensor 10 4 (as discussed with reference to FIG. 1 , including also a temperature sensor, or a temperature sensor being provided for separately), which in this embodiment are located in the first chamber A 4 and close to the connection 4 3 between the first and second chambers.
  • control system 30 4 may comprise or have access to saturation vapour content data for example in a storing or holding means 40 4 arranged in the control system 30 4 although this is not necessary for the functioning of the inventive concept if absolute humidity or water vapour pressure can be measured or obtained e.g. by the sensor.
  • the humidity sensor 10 4 is a sensor for measuring both temperature and relative humidity. It is preferably controlled by the control system 30 4 . If a heating arrangement 20 4 is provided, both the humidity sensor and the heating arrangement are connected to the control system which preferably controls the heating element, switching it on, switching it off, or increasing and decreasing its heating power.
  • the humidity sensor 10 4 is arranged after the heating arrangement in the direction of the flow of the air in some appropriate manner.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative to the implementation given in FIG. 2 and similar means and components are given the corresponding reference signs but with index 5 . It is here supposed that the connection between the first chamber A 5 and the second chamber B 5 has been rotated about 90° clockwise whereas the connection 4 5 to the space 3 , to which air is forced either from the outside or as recirculated air from the second chamber B 5 , has been moved downwards as compared to in FIG. 2 .
  • Such an embodiment can be of advantage from an air flow point of view since the flows from the two chambers will be well balanced.
  • the control system 30 5 is arranged substantially as in FIG. 2 , and may communicate with, or comprise, an information holding means 40 5 comprising information on saturation vapour content of air for different temperatures.
  • the humidity sensing device 10 5 is here arranged at the entry, beginning, of connection 4 5 to space 3 .
  • control system 30 5 uses measurements from the humidity sensing device 10 5 , establishes the absolute humidity or water vapour pressure and controls the fans 8 5 and 9 5 and the heating arrangement 20 5 as will be described below.
  • the control system 30 5 provides for taking of periodical measurements on the outdoor air by activating (switching on) the fan 8 5 and by deactivating (switching off) the fan 9 5 and the heating arrangement 20 5 , and, after the sensing device has settled, (become stable) or after the lapse of a certain period of time, via the sensing device one or several consecutive measurements are carried out in order to establish the water vapour pressure and/or absolute humidity of the exterior, outdoor air.
  • periodical measurements on indoor air are carried out while deactivating fan 8 5 and the heating arrangement 20 5 (if it was on) and activating fan 9 5 and, after the sensor has settled, taking one or more consecutive measurements to establish water vapour pressure and/or absolute humidity in indoor air.
  • One of, or both, fans 8 5 , 9 5 are always active.
  • the relative humidities may be measured and the absolute humidity/water vapour pressure established by the control system.
  • the control system 30 5 drives, in periods between measurements, the fan 8 5 to blow air (draw air in) from the outside when the vapour pressure or absolute humidity is lower in outdoor air than in indoor air, in one embodiment in such a manner that the operation speed is kept at a level lower than a normal operation level when the difference in water vapour pressure or absolute humidity is low, and the speed of rotation is kept at a higher or normal operation level when the difference in water vapour pressure or absolute humidity is large, possibly with an off-set which starts the fan only if a certain smallest difference in vapour pressure or absolute humidity is established.
  • the control system 30 5 controls, between the measurement periods, i.e. when one or more measurements are carried out, the fan 9 5 so that it forces indoor air from the inside into the first chamber A 5 and via its connection to the indoor air, back to the indoor air in space 3 when the fan 8 5 is inactive or when the heating arrangement 20 5 is active (which thus can be at same time as the fan 8 5 is active).
  • the control system 30 5 controls, between the measurement periods, the heating arrangement so that it through a trigger point is active when the relative humidity of the indoor air exceeds said trigger point.
  • the trigger point can be a fixed value on relative humidity or depend on the temperature and possibly also the duration (in time) that the indoor air has been more humid or had a higher relative humidity than the value of the trigger point, so that the trigger point will follow the risk for microbial growth which, as such, also is temperature and time dependent.
  • the difference in for example absolute humidity is calculated as a difference between two values based on two measurement values measured by one and the same sensor, an error which depends on the sensor accuracy will to a large extent be compensated for any error by itself as long as the sensor has a good precision. Thereby it can be avoided that drift in sensor accuracy affects the drying action that the ventilation arrangement is intended to have.
  • the switching on/off of the heating element 20 5 is done towards an absolute value on the relative humidity and a drift in accuracy as far as a measurement thereof is concerned, will affect the trigger point, which can have as a result an unnecessarily high energy consumption or a poor function.
  • a nominal humidity is calculated as the absolute humidity (e.g. established by the control system using tabulated values) at the first temperature divided by the saturation content value of a second measurement at the second temperature as discussed above.
  • This value on nominal relative humidity will have a value which has been reduced in relation to the difference in saturation vapour content at a first temperature and at a second temperature. Then a measured relative humidity is calibrated towards the nominal relative humidity and the calibration value (the difference between the nominal relative humidity and the measured relative humidity) is saved for future adjustments of obtained measurement values. (Even if this is described with reference to FIG. 3 , it should be clear that it is of course also applicable for arrangements as in FIG. 2 .) The following example shows such a case in practice.
  • the system measures the relative humidity, H rel , with an error of +/ ⁇ 10% to 90% H rel at the temperature 0° C.
  • the heating element is activated whereupon the temperature is increased to 50° C.
  • the saturation vapour content at 50° C. is about 83.11 g/m 3 .
  • a calibration towards the nominal RH nom thus reduces the error from 10% to 0.58%. If thus the established measurement error (the difference between measured H rel and nominal H rel (RH nom ) was very large, the procedure can be repeated after the first calibration so that the measurement error can be still further reduced.
  • the humidity sensor 10 5 measures the relative humidity in air recirculated from the space at a first, lower, temperature giving a first relative humidity value H rel (T 1 ). In one particular embodiment this is done before the heating arrangement is switched on or activated, i.e. in the absence of heating. In alternative embodiments the heating arrangement may already have been switched on, or it comprises an activated heating arrangement for heating the space, in which case the second temperature normally is not so much higher than the first temperature leading to more iterations. Particularly the space is a space which normally is not heated. However, the invention is also applicable if the space is heated by some other heating arrangement.
  • the first relative humidity value and the first temperature value are provided to the control system, which (alternatively this function is performed in the sensing device itself, which also alternatively can have access to the storing means), for the first temperature T 1 , accesses an information holding means 40 5 to find the saturation vapour content value V sat (T 1 ) representing the saturation vapour content at said first temperature, and thereupon calculates a first absolute humidity value V c (T 1 ) by multiplying the first saturation content value V sat (T 1 ) by the first relative humidity value H rel (T 1 ).
  • control system is adapted to switch on or increase the power of the heating arrangement 20 5 preferably until a considerably higher temperature is reached; it may be controlled or monitored continuously to see if/when the temperature value becomes stable, or it can be monitored at intervals in any other appropriate manner.
  • the temperature is increased by 10° C.-70° C., preferably between 30° C.-60° C. as referred to above.
  • it is heated to a temperature between 20° C. and 70° C., preferably between 40° C. and 60° C., e.g. about 50° C. is reached.
  • a second temperature, T 2 also the relative humidity is measured by the humidity sensor 10 5 thus providing a second relative humidity value H rel (T 2 ).
  • a tabulated or approximated saturation vapour content value V sat (T 2 ) representing the saturation vapour content at said second temperature is found or established.
  • the control means are then adapted to calculate a nominal relative humidity value RH nom by dividing the first absolute humidity value V c (T 1 ) by the second saturated vapour content value V sat (T 2 ) and to subsequently establish the difference ⁇ RH between the second measured relative humidity value and the said nominal relative humidity value.
  • This difference value ⁇ RH is then used to compensate for the error in subsequent measurement results on relative humidity performed by the humidity sensor.
  • This procedure can also be repeated by using a compensated first relative humidity value as the first relative humidity value and performing the above described iterations one or more times. Normally, if the temperature difference is high, the number of iterations that need to be done is lower than if only a small temperature difference between T 1 and T 2 is used. If, and how many times, the iteration procedure is repeated, depends also on the accuracy that is needed.
  • an air drying effect is obtained in the interior space since the space is recirculated with outdoor air when the ventilation has an drying effect on the air, otherwise not; in such a way the space will be dried by means of outdoor air when the supplied outdoor air contains less humidity than the air that is ventilated out of the space; through the heating element the air temperature can be increased, and thereby the humidity be decreased, as the humidity of the air otherwise would have allowed growth of mould; and since always at least one fan is active, the air will always be circulated, rotated, in the interior space which reduces the risk for local leakage or local temperature differences providing locally increased humidity values.
  • the invention can be varied in different manners.
  • the second chamber can be reduced only to the fan housing of the second fan
  • the control system can be provided in the first or in the second chamber or at the outside of both these chambers etc.
  • the expansion of air with temperature can be also be taken into consideration.
  • the error produced thereby is very low but results from the fact that the air volume that passes the chamber or the heating element or into the heating element is not the same as the air volume that exits therefrom.
  • the volume increases with about 16.7%. This is below exemplified by means of an example.
  • the relative humidity is 70%.
  • the air will expand by about 16.7%.
  • FIGS. 4A , 4 B show two exemplary implementations of arrangements with two chambers.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram schematically describing the procedure according to one implementation of the present invention. It is supposed that, 100 , supply of exterior air is enabled by means of a first fan at a first connection to a (first) chamber whereby the air flows through said chamber and via a second connection to the space to be ventilated. It is also supposed, 102 , that supply of recirculated air into the space is enabled, so that the air at least partly flows via the chamber and trough a second connection by means of a second fan. Air is prevented from flowing out of the first chamber through the exterior air supply opening by use of a mechanical reverse ventilation damper, ( 102 ), (steps 101 , 102 , 103 are not sequential steps).
  • a mechanical reverse ventilation damper ( 102 )
  • the different steps can be carried out at discrete time intervals or as a substantially continuous procedure.
  • the exterior air As well as the recirculated air, and the corresponding absolute humidity values, or water vapour pressure values, have been established, unless directly measured, it is determined if the exterior air or the recirculated air has the lowest humidity, 105 .
  • the space to be ventilated is supplied with the air, i.e. the exterior outdoor air or the recirculated air, that has the lowest humidity, 106 .
  • the different steps can be carried out at discrete time intervals or as a substantially continuous procedure.
  • the exterior air As well as the recirculated air, and the corresponding absolute humidity values, or water vapour pressure values, have been established, unless directly measured, it is determined if the exterior air or the recirculated air has the lowest humidity, 105 .
  • the space to be ventilated is supplied with the air, i.e. the exterior outdoor air or the recirculated air, that has the lowest humidity, 106 .

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US13/636,685 2010-03-23 2011-03-22 Arrangement and a Method for Ventilation of a Space Abandoned US20130015253A1 (en)

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SE1050265A SE535032C2 (sv) 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 System och förfarande för att nedbringa mätfel hos en fuktsensor vid luftväxling eller luftcirkulering av ett utrymme
SE1050265-6 2010-03-23
PCT/SE2011/050310 WO2011119091A1 (en) 2010-03-23 2011-03-22 An arrangement and a method for ventilation of a space

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EP2550570A1 (en) 2013-01-30
WO2011119091A1 (en) 2011-09-29
US8978445B2 (en) 2015-03-17
EP2550508A4 (en) 2017-10-18
EP2550570A4 (en) 2013-09-11
EP2550508A1 (en) 2013-01-30
SE1050265A1 (sv) 2011-09-24
US20130008232A1 (en) 2013-01-10
SE535032C2 (sv) 2012-03-20

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