US20120297530A1 - Electrically insulated air-conducting water heater - Google Patents

Electrically insulated air-conducting water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120297530A1
US20120297530A1 US13/360,078 US201213360078A US2012297530A1 US 20120297530 A1 US20120297530 A1 US 20120297530A1 US 201213360078 A US201213360078 A US 201213360078A US 2012297530 A1 US2012297530 A1 US 2012297530A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
water heater
electrically insulated
water
hot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/360,078
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English (en)
Inventor
Yen-Chieh Huang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Tsing Hua University NTHU
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Individual
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Filing date
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Assigned to NATIONAL TSING HUA UNIVERSITY reassignment NATIONAL TSING HUA UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HUANG, YEN-CHIEH
Publication of US20120297530A1 publication Critical patent/US20120297530A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
    • A61H33/02—Bathing devices for use with gas-containing liquid, or liquid in which gas is led or generated, e.g. carbon dioxide baths
    • A61H33/025—Aerating mats or frames, e.g. to be put in a bath-tub
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
    • A61H33/02—Bathing devices for use with gas-containing liquid, or liquid in which gas is led or generated, e.g. carbon dioxide baths
    • A61H33/028—Means for producing a flow of gas, e.g. blowers, compressors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
    • A61H33/06—Artificial hot-air or cold-air baths; Steam or gas baths or douches, e.g. sauna or Finnish baths
    • A61H33/063—Heaters specifically designed therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/12—Devices or arrangements for circulating water, i.e. devices for removal of polluted water, cleaning baths or for water treatment
    • E04H4/129—Systems for heating the water content of swimming pools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
    • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
    • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
    • A45D20/16—Fixed installed drying devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water heater, particularly to a water heater using electrically insulating air as a heat conducting medium to increase water temperature.
  • a conventional electrical water heater employs an electric heating element or coil in direct contact with water through a heat conducting metallic material.
  • a user of an electric water heater could be constantly exposed to electric hazard when, for instance, taking a bath.
  • the present invention overcomes this difficulty by adopting air, a much better electrically insulating medium, to conduct heat from an electric heating element to water.
  • the present invention is not just an electrically safe water heater but also a hot-air sauna machine when injecting hot air into a bath tub. In a cold weather, the present invention can at the same time serve as an air conditioner or a comfortable body dryer in a bathroom.
  • the primary objective of the present invention is to overcome the problem that the conventional electric water heater may cause electric shock to a user.
  • the present invention discloses an electrically insulated air-conducting water heater, which applies a plurality of small hot air bubbles to heat water in a water pool.
  • the present invention comprises an air pump unit, a heating and temperature control unit, and an air venting unit having a plurality of tiny air nozzles.
  • the air pump unit is an air pump that takes in ambient air and transports it into the heating and temperature control unit.
  • the heating and temperature control unit raises the temperature of the air to a suitable level and generates hot air.
  • the hot air propagates down an air conduit to an air venting unit placed in a water pool. Hot air is released into water through the air venting unit to heat the water.
  • the air venting unit has a plurality of tiny air nozzles, through which hot air is injected into water in the form of a great number of micro hot air bubbles. Since a micro air bubble has a smaller buoyant force compared with that of a large air bubble, a micro-bubble can be kept in water for a longer time to heat the water. Furthermore, the overall heating area of a great number of micro-bubbles can be significantly larger than that of a single large air bubble of the same volume Therefore, the heat stored in the air can be efficiently conducted to water.
  • the following theory provides a concrete proof to the concept.
  • V b 4 ⁇ r b 3 /3 (2)
  • Equation (3) the total surface area of small air bubbles in contact with water S s is given by Equation (3):
  • Equation (4) The total volume of the small hot bubbles V s can be expressed by Equation (4):
  • V s N 4 ⁇ r s 3 /3 (4)
  • Equation (8) clearly shows that a large amount of small air bubbles can have a much larger heat-transfer contact area than does a single large air bubble of the same air volume.
  • a plurality of tiny air nozzles divide a large hot air bubble into one million small hot air bubbles.
  • the heating efficiency of those small hot air bubbles is 100 times that of the single large hot air bubble.
  • a smaller hot bubble has smaller buoyant force and can stay in water over a longer time.
  • a body immersed in a fluid gets a buoyant force F B equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
  • F B the weight of the fluid it displaces.
  • a bubble experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the water having the same volume as the bubble:
  • Equation (9) the buoyant force F B and thus the upward acceleration of the bubble in water are proportional to its own volume. In other words, a smaller hot bubble can stay in water longer than a larger one. This increased heating time allows the smaller hot air bubbles to transfer more heat to water.
  • the disclosure of using a large amount of hot micro-bubbles to heat water is a key technical advancement of the present invention.
  • the small bubble size not only increases the heat transfer area between air and water but also increases the heating time of air to water. This technical advancement effectively increases the heat transfer efficiency from hot air to water.
  • the air venting unit further comprises an air-storage volume and a thermal conductive structure.
  • the air venting unit is immersed in water in a water pool or a bath tub.
  • the thermal conductive structure is made of heat conducting materials with two planar sides, one exposed to the air-storage volume and the other exposed to water in the water pool.
  • the hot air propagates down the air venting unit through an air conduit.
  • the heat energy stored in the hot air can be quickly transferred to water via the thermal conductive structure in contact with the air-storage volume.
  • the tiny air nozzles of the air venting unit divide the hot air into small hot bubbles. The residual heat energy stored in the hot air is carried to the small hot air bubbles and released to water.
  • ambient air is taken into an air pump unit and heated by the heating and temperature control unit to form hot air.
  • the hot air is sent into an air venting unit through an air conduit.
  • the hot air When the hot air is transported into an air storage volume in contact with a thermal conductive structure in the air venting unit, the hot air quickly transfers part of its heat energy to the thermal conductive structure to heat up the temperature of the water in contact with the other side of the thermal conductive structure.
  • the hot air in the air-storage volume is then released to water through a plurality of tiny air nozzles, which generate a large number of air bubbles to continuously transfer heat to water, massage a user in a bath tub, or warn up the temperature of a cold bathroom.
  • the present invention employs electrically insulating hot air as a heating medium for a water heater. Electric energy is first transferred to heat energy stored in air, which is then transferred to water through a thermal conductive structure, or a large number of hot air bubbles in water, or both. This water heating process ensures electric insulation between the electricity and a user in water.
  • the high speed air bubbles ejected from the tiny air nozzles in the air venting unit can at the same time generate ultrasound to massage or clean a user in the water pool, dry the body of a person or a pet animal, and warm up a cold bathroom.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of electrically insulated air-conducting water heater according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of an electrically insulated air-conducting water heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a detailed air venting unit of an electrically insulated air-conducting water heater according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of an electrically insulated air-conducting water heater according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a diagram schematically showing the structure of an electrically insulated air-conducting water heater according to the present invention.
  • the water heater of the present invention uses a plurality of small hot bubbles 4 to heat water 3 in a water pool 5 , comprising an air pump unit 10 , a heating and temperature control unit 20 , and an air venting unit 30 .
  • the air pump unit 10 takes in the ambient air 1 via an air inlet 11 , and then sends the ambient air 1 to the heating and temperature control unit 20 via an air channel 23 .
  • the heating and temperature control unit 20 heats the ambient air 1 to form hot air 2 .
  • the hot air 2 is sent to the air venting unit 30 via an air conduit 31 .
  • a plurality of tiny air nozzles 32 of the air venting unit 30 divides the hot air 2 into a plurality of small hot bubbles 4 .
  • the small hot bubbles 4 are released to the water 3 to heat the water 3 .
  • FIG. 2 a diagram schematically showing the structure of an electrically insulated air-conducting water heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the air pump unit 10 has an air inlet 11 to take in the ambient air 1 and then pump the ambient air 1 to the heating and temperature control unit 20 .
  • a filter 111 is arranged inside the air inlet 11 to prevent foreign objects from entering the air pump unit 10 .
  • the heating and temperature control unit 20 following the air pump unit 10 through an air channel 23 , heats the ambient air 1 sent down by the air pump unit 10 .
  • the hot air 2 propagates down the air conduit 31 to reach the air venting unit 30 .
  • the air venting unit 30 is immersed in the water pool 5 and has a plurality of tiny air nozzles 32 on the surface enclosing an air-storage volume 33 .
  • the hot air 2 transferred to the air-storage volume 33 is then divided into a plurality of small hot bubbles 4 by a plurality of tiny air nozzles 32 of the air venting unit 30 .
  • the hot air 2 is released to the water 3 in the form of small hot bubbles 4 .
  • the tiny air nozzles 32 are distributed on a surface of the air venting unit 30 .
  • the diameter of the tiny air nozzles 32 is varied according to the desired heating rate to water.
  • tiny air nozzles 32 having smaller diameters can generate smaller hot bubbles 4 and increase the total number of the bubbles 4 in water. As previously proved, the small bubble can favorably increase the heat transfer area between and contact time of the hot air and water.
  • the diameters of the tiny air nozzles 32 are preferably between 1 and 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the tiny air nozzles 32 can be distributed on selective sides or certain area of the air venting unit 30 . For example, under certain situation, a user 6 immersed in a bath tub might want to avoid direct contact with the hot-air nozzles.
  • the air venting unit 30 may further comprise a thermal conductive structure 37 having two opposite surfaces.
  • the thermal conductive structure 37 is made of partially or fully heat conducting materials with two surfaces. One surface is exposed to the air-storage volume 33 to extract heat from the hot air, and the other is exposed to the water 3 in the water pool 5 to release heat to the water.
  • the thermal conductive structure 37 is arranged at one side of the air venting unit 30 , facing down the bottom of the water pool 5 to avoid a direct contact with a user 6 .
  • the thermal conductive structure 37 can be a high thermal-conductivity material such as a metal plate with or without a honeycomb structure, or simply some plastic or rubber with good heat conductivity.
  • FIG. 3 a diagram schematically showing a detailed air venting unit of an electrically insulated air-conducting water heater according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • an air-impermeable plastic or rubber film 36 partitions the air-storage volume 33 into a upper heat transfer compartment 331 and a lower heat transfer compartment 332 .
  • the lower heat transfer compartment 332 having one side joint with the thermal conductive structure 37 .
  • the hot air 2 propagates down the air conduit 31 , enters the lower heat transfer compartment 332 first, and then enters the upper heat transfer compartment 331 .
  • the heat energy stored in the hot air 2 is first transferred to the thermal conductive structure 37 and then released to water through the tiny air nozzles 32 .
  • the thermal conductive structure 37 comprises a sheet or a plurality of thermal conductive elements 371 and a plurality of air nozzles 372 .
  • the air nozzles 372 are interleaved with or fabricated on the thermal conductive element 371 .
  • the thermal conductive element 371 may be made of a material such as plastic, rubber, or metal having a good thermal conductivity.
  • the remaining hot air 2 continues to propagate into the upper heat transfer compartment 331 and enter the water 3 in the form of small hot bubbles 4 via the tiny air nozzles 32 on the top surface of the upper heat transfer compartment 331 .
  • the hot bubbles 4 exiting the tiny air nozzles 32 provide further heating to the water 3 .
  • the user 6 can also enjoy a sauna bath from those bubbles, getting herself or himself cleaned, massaged, and relaxed. Further, the hot air 2 going out from the water 3 can be used to warm up a bathroom in a cold weather.
  • the air-impermeable plastic film 36 separate the air-storage volume 33 into the upper heat transfer compartment 331 and lower heat transfer compartment 332 .
  • this embodiment of the present invention keeps a high temperature zone facing the bottom of the water pool but not facing the user 6 .
  • a user can certainly adjust the heat transfer rate by varying the pumping and heating speed from the air pump unit 10 and the heating and temperature control unit 20 , respectively.
  • the air venting unit 30 may further have at least one sucking disk 35 on the surface facing the bottom of the water pool 5 .
  • the air venting unit 30 is fixed to the bottom of the water pool 5 or commonly a bathtub by a plurality of sucking disks 35 .
  • the sucking disks 35 with some finite height, can provide a gap space between the thermal conductive structure 37 and the bottom of the water pool 5 , in which the water 3 can contact the thermal conductive structure 37 to absorb the heat energy from the thermal conductive structure 37 .
  • a plurality of protrusions 34 is arranged on the upper surface of the air venting unit 30 .
  • the protrusions 34 on one hand prevent a user from blocking the air nozzles 32 when lying on the air venting unit 30 , and on the other hand provide some pressure points to a user when a user lies in the water pool 5 to enjoy sauna massage.
  • the heating and temperature control unit 20 includes an electric heater 21 and a temperature controller 22 .
  • the electric heater 21 heats the ambient air 1 entering the heating and temperature control unit 20 to form the hot air 2 .
  • the temperature controller 22 controls the heating intensity of the electric heater 21 according to a user pre-set temperature for the hot air.
  • the air conduit 31 further has at least one air outlet 311 a, 311 b and 311 c. The hot air 2 is directly blown into the open space from the air outlets 311 a and 311 b without going through the water in the water pool 5 .
  • the user 6 may use the hot air 2 from the air outlets 311 a and 311 b to dry hairs, hands, or any other part of the user's body. Therefore, the present invention also functions as a hair dryer and a hand dryer.
  • additional air outlet 311 c can be extended from the air conduit 31 to serve as a warm air source of an air conditioner.
  • a plurality of air directing fins 312 may be arranged in the air outlet 311 c to adjust and control the flow direction of the hot air 2 . It should be pointed out that the layout of the air conduits and outlets shown in FIG. 4 is not a unique one but only to exemplify the concept of the present invention.
  • the present invention may adopt a different arrangement for the air conduits and outlets at different locations, angles, and heights to meet the functional purposes of a hair dryer, hand dryer, body dryer, or air conditioner.
  • a flexible bellow-type air conduit with an outlet can be provided to a user for convenience of usage.
  • a control valve 313 may be used to switch the hot air 2 to blow out from a single air outlet or from multiple air outlets simultaneously.
  • the functions of the present invention are not limited to serving a human user but can be extended to serving a pet animal.
  • the electrically insulated air-conducting water heater of the present invention adopts non-conducting air as a heat-transfer medium to heat water, so as to avoid potential electric hazard to a hot-water user.
  • the non-conducting air is collected by an air pump, heated electrically in the heating and temperature control unit of the present invention, and injected into water directly as a form of bubbles to heat water.
  • injecting micro-bubbles into water from micron-size air nozzles is disclosed as a major advancement and key embodiment of the present invention.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention is to firstly transfer part of the thermal energy of the hot air to a thermally conductive material in contact with water and secondly inject the hot air bubbles into water for further water heating.
  • a user of the present invention can adjust the temperature of the air through the heating and temperature control unit of the present invention according to the desired water-heating rate, the desired bathroom temperature, or personal joy and comfort from a hot-bubble sauna.
  • the present invention can function simultaneously as an electrically safe water heater, a hot-bubble sauna machine, a hand dryer, a hair dryer, a body dryer, and an air conditioner to a human user or a pet animal.
  • the embodiments described above are only to exemplify the present invention but not to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent modification or variation according to the spirit of the present invention is to be also included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the generation of the hot air does not require an installation of the air pump unit in front of the heating and temperature control unit. A system reversing the sequence of the installation is still well within the scope of the present invention.
  • the diameters of the air nozzles are not necessarily uniform for all nozzles.
  • the present invention can adopt different size nozzles at different locations on the air venting unit to optimize the heating rate to water and the comfort to a user.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
US13/360,078 2011-05-27 2012-01-27 Electrically insulated air-conducting water heater Abandoned US20120297530A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW100118661A TWI429865B (zh) 2011-05-27 2011-05-27 防觸電氣體傳導熱水器
TW100118661 2011-05-27

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9254240B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2016-02-09 Intex Recreation Corp. Inflatable spa
CN106580175A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2017-04-26 顾宁 一种干手器装置
CN107137000A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2017-09-08 顾宁 一种新式干手器装置
CN107136994A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2017-09-08 顾宁 一种便用干手器装置
WO2018010684A1 (zh) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-18 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 热水器系统及其控制方法
US10076874B2 (en) 2013-11-25 2018-09-18 Intex Marketing Ltd. Welding process and product for inflatable product
JP2019158270A (ja) * 2018-03-15 2019-09-19 株式会社コロナ 風呂給湯装置
CN111306807A (zh) * 2020-04-13 2020-06-19 林智勇 电热水器防触电装置的使用方法
CN111306808A (zh) * 2020-04-13 2020-06-19 林智勇 智能电热水器防触电装置的使用方法
CN111655954A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2020-09-11 上海荣威塑胶工业有限公司 用于可充气泳池的按摩系统
US11125468B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2021-09-21 A. O. Smith Corporation Water heater system and control method therefor
US11877980B1 (en) * 2022-07-18 2024-01-23 Michael Howard BELL Bubble massage float apparatus and method

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US5307529A (en) * 1991-08-07 1994-05-03 Team Worldwide Corporation Massage bubble generating inflatable article
US6581217B2 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-06-24 Sam M. Marcos Directional air vents for spas and jetted bathtubs
US6782566B2 (en) * 2000-01-07 2004-08-31 Tts Concept Sarl Enclosure comprising a functional bathtub underneath a hood
US20090089924A1 (en) * 2007-10-06 2009-04-09 Jonathan Jan Spa tub apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5307529A (en) * 1991-08-07 1994-05-03 Team Worldwide Corporation Massage bubble generating inflatable article
US6782566B2 (en) * 2000-01-07 2004-08-31 Tts Concept Sarl Enclosure comprising a functional bathtub underneath a hood
US6581217B2 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-06-24 Sam M. Marcos Directional air vents for spas and jetted bathtubs
US20090089924A1 (en) * 2007-10-06 2009-04-09 Jonathan Jan Spa tub apparatus

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10815686B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2020-10-27 Intex Marketing Ltd. Inflatable spa
US9468582B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2016-10-18 Intex Marketing Ltd. Inflatable spa
US9468583B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2016-10-18 Intex Marketing Ltd. Inflatable spa
US9642771B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2017-05-09 Intex Marketing Ltd. Inflatable spa
US9254240B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2016-02-09 Intex Recreation Corp. Inflatable spa
US11421434B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2022-08-23 Intex Marketing Ltd. Inflatable spa
US10161148B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2018-12-25 Intex Marketing Ltd. Inflatable spa
US11654638B2 (en) 2013-11-25 2023-05-23 Intex Marketing Ltd. Welding process and product for inflatable product
US10076874B2 (en) 2013-11-25 2018-09-18 Intex Marketing Ltd. Welding process and product for inflatable product
US11065823B2 (en) 2013-11-25 2021-07-20 Intex Marketing Ltd. Welding process and product for inflatable product
WO2018010684A1 (zh) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-18 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 热水器系统及其控制方法
US11125468B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2021-09-21 A. O. Smith Corporation Water heater system and control method therefor
CN107137000A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2017-09-08 顾宁 一种新式干手器装置
CN107136994A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2017-09-08 顾宁 一种便用干手器装置
CN106580175A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2017-04-26 顾宁 一种干手器装置
CN111655954A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2020-09-11 上海荣威塑胶工业有限公司 用于可充气泳池的按摩系统
US11384552B2 (en) 2018-01-31 2022-07-12 Bestway Inflatables & Material Corp. Massage system for inflatable pool
JP2019158270A (ja) * 2018-03-15 2019-09-19 株式会社コロナ 風呂給湯装置
JP7025252B2 (ja) 2018-03-15 2022-02-24 株式会社コロナ 風呂給湯装置
CN111306808A (zh) * 2020-04-13 2020-06-19 林智勇 智能电热水器防触电装置的使用方法
CN111306807A (zh) * 2020-04-13 2020-06-19 林智勇 电热水器防触电装置的使用方法
US11877980B1 (en) * 2022-07-18 2024-01-23 Michael Howard BELL Bubble massage float apparatus and method

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TWI429865B (zh) 2014-03-11

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