US20120279389A1 - Oil gallery piston with improved thermal conductivity - Google Patents
Oil gallery piston with improved thermal conductivity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120279389A1 US20120279389A1 US13/100,405 US201113100405A US2012279389A1 US 20120279389 A1 US20120279389 A1 US 20120279389A1 US 201113100405 A US201113100405 A US 201113100405A US 2012279389 A1 US2012279389 A1 US 2012279389A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil gallery
- piston
- thermal conductivity
- solution
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/10—Bearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/10—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
- C23C18/405—Formaldehyde
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49249—Piston making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49249—Piston making
- Y10T29/49256—Piston making with assembly or composite article making
- Y10T29/49258—Piston making with assembly or composite article making with thermal barrier or heat flow provision
Definitions
- the invention relates to pistons and more particularly, oil gallery passages in the piston having improved thermal conductivity.
- Pistons may be cooled by oil jets fired at the underside of the piston's dome.
- Higher output engines e.g., turbocharged gas and diesel
- FIG. 1 shows an example of oil gallery hole 10 cast in a piston 15 . Heat reaching the oil gallery during engine operation is conducted away by the oil flowing through it. Approximately 80% of the heat of combustion is removed from high output pistons by means of oil gallery cooling.
- One aspect of the invention is a method of making a piston with enhanced thermal conductivity.
- the method includes providing a piston with an oil gallery, the piston made of a material; and depositing a layer of a material in the oil gallery, the material having a higher thermal conductivity than the thermal conductivity of the piston material.
- the piston is made of a material, the piston including an oil gallery coated with a layer of material having a higher thermal conductivity than a thermal conductivity of the piston material.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of a piston having an oil gallery passage.
- the present invention facilitates the removal of heat because there is a layer of a material more thermally conductive than the piston material inside the oil gallery, which more quickly distributes the heat around the surface area which is exposed to the oil.
- a thin layer of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the piston material is deposited on the oil gallery wall of the pistons for gasoline and/or diesel engines.
- the layer of material having the higher thermal conductivity is preferably continuous, but this is not required.
- the layer of material having the higher conductivity is typically several microns thick or more.
- the coating having the higher thermal conductivity is typically copper, although another material having a higher conductivity than the piston material could also be used.
- the coating having the higher thermal conductivity can be deposited on the oil gallery wall by electroless plating, either autocatalytic or immersion. Alternatively, an electroplating process can be used.
- the material having the higher thermal conductivity can be plated onto aluminum or steel by first degreasing and cleaning the surface to be plated using trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, or other solvents.
- trichloroethylene methylene chloride, or other solvents.
- a solution containing copper sulfate, perchloric acid, and ammonium oxalate is degassed with nitrogen or ultrasonic energy, and poured into the piston such that it is in contact with the surfaces to be plated.
- Plating kinetics with this type of solution are described in “Influence of perchloric acid on the kinetics of immersion plating of copper onto aluminum,” Hydrometallurgy, 61 (2001) 1-11, Mandakini et al.; and “Study of morphology of copper deposited onto aluminium by immersion plating from an oxalate bath containing perchloric acid,” Minerals Engineering, 16 (2003) 1383-1386, Kanungo et al., which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Other methods which incorporate various solutions and chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or triethanolamine will optimize the plating process by increasing the copper plating rate.
- Typical embodiments are described in “Effect of chelating agents on the structure of electroless copper coating on alumina powder,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 107 (1998) 48-54, Lin et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the actual plating solutions will vary and may include copper sulfate and sulfuric acid along with other additives.
- an autocatalytic process can be used.
- a solution of copper sulfate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or tartrate, sodium carbonate, and formaldehyde can be used. This plating process is described in Kuznetsov et al., “Electrochemical Study of the Electroless Copper Plating Process,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 28 (1986) 151-160, Golovtshanskaya et al., “Metal Microdistribution in Electroless Copper Plating,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 29 (1986) 73-76, and Vaskelis et al., “The Surface Layer pH in the Electroless Copper Plating Process,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 31 (1987) 45-54, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a “device” is utilized herein to represent a combination of components and individual components, regardless of whether the components are combined with other components.
- a “device” according to the present invention may comprise an electrochemical conversion assembly or fuel cell, a vehicle incorporating an electrochemical conversion assembly according to the present invention, etc.
- the term “substantially” is utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation.
- the term “substantially” is also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to pistons and more particularly, oil gallery passages in the piston having improved thermal conductivity.
- The current trend in the automobile industry is towards increasing the power density of the engine, reducing emissions, and making lighter engines. These requirements lead to a higher thermal load on the engine, especially on the pistons. As a result, the engine, and especially the pistons, experience high temperature. Control of piston temperatures has become one of the determining factors in a successful engine design. Excessive piston temperatures will lead to increased friction at piston-to-bore, piston-to-ring, and piston-to-piston pin interfaces and may result in engine seizure.
- Pistons may be cooled by oil jets fired at the underside of the piston's dome. Higher output engines (e.g., turbocharged gas and diesel) typically have an oil gallery designed into the piston dome so that engine oil can be injected into the gallery to facilitate cooling.
FIG. 1 shows an example ofoil gallery hole 10 cast in apiston 15. Heat reaching the oil gallery during engine operation is conducted away by the oil flowing through it. Approximately 80% of the heat of combustion is removed from high output pistons by means of oil gallery cooling. - One aspect of the invention is a method of making a piston with enhanced thermal conductivity. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a piston with an oil gallery, the piston made of a material; and depositing a layer of a material in the oil gallery, the material having a higher thermal conductivity than the thermal conductivity of the piston material.
- Another aspect of the invention is a piston having enhanced thermal conductivity. In one embodiment, the piston is made of a material, the piston including an oil gallery coated with a layer of material having a higher thermal conductivity than a thermal conductivity of the piston material.
-
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a piston having an oil gallery passage. - Current oil gallery designs rely on heat being removed as it is conducted from the dome. The present invention facilitates the removal of heat because there is a layer of a material more thermally conductive than the piston material inside the oil gallery, which more quickly distributes the heat around the surface area which is exposed to the oil.
- A thin layer of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the piston material is deposited on the oil gallery wall of the pistons for gasoline and/or diesel engines. The layer of material having the higher thermal conductivity is preferably continuous, but this is not required. The layer of material having the higher conductivity is typically several microns thick or more.
- The presence of a coating having a higher thermal conductivity than the piston material on the inside of the gallery wall will distribute the heat quickly 360 degrees around the gallery, increasing the effective path by which heat is conducted to the oil. This provides more effective cooling of the piston dome and the top ring groove, which will improve the durability of those regions.
- The coating having the higher thermal conductivity is typically copper, although another material having a higher conductivity than the piston material could also be used.
- The coating having the higher thermal conductivity can be deposited on the oil gallery wall by electroless plating, either autocatalytic or immersion. Alternatively, an electroplating process can be used.
- In one embodiment, the material having the higher thermal conductivity can be plated onto aluminum or steel by first degreasing and cleaning the surface to be plated using trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, or other solvents. For aluminum pistons a solution containing copper sulfate, perchloric acid, and ammonium oxalate is degassed with nitrogen or ultrasonic energy, and poured into the piston such that it is in contact with the surfaces to be plated. Plating kinetics with this type of solution are described in “Influence of perchloric acid on the kinetics of immersion plating of copper onto aluminum,” Hydrometallurgy, 61 (2001) 1-11, Mandakini et al.; and “Study of morphology of copper deposited onto aluminium by immersion plating from an oxalate bath containing perchloric acid,” Minerals Engineering, 16 (2003) 1383-1386, Kanungo et al., which are incorporated herein by reference. Other methods which incorporate various solutions and chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or triethanolamine will optimize the plating process by increasing the copper plating rate. Typical embodiments are described in “Effect of chelating agents on the structure of electroless copper coating on alumina powder,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 107 (1998) 48-54, Lin et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. For steel components, the actual plating solutions will vary and may include copper sulfate and sulfuric acid along with other additives.
- Alternatively, an autocatalytic process can be used. A solution of copper sulfate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or tartrate, sodium carbonate, and formaldehyde can be used. This plating process is described in Kuznetsov et al., “Electrochemical Study of the Electroless Copper Plating Process,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 28 (1986) 151-160, Golovtshanskaya et al., “Metal Microdistribution in Electroless Copper Plating,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 29 (1986) 73-76, and Vaskelis et al., “The Surface Layer pH in the Electroless Copper Plating Process,” Surface and Coatings Tech., 31 (1987) 45-54, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- It is noted that terms like “preferably,” “commonly,” and “typically” are not utilized herein to limit the scope of the claimed invention or to imply that certain features are critical, essential, or even important to the structure or function of the claimed invention. Rather, these terms are merely intended to highlight alternative or additional features that may or may not be utilized in a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention it is noted that the term “device” is utilized herein to represent a combination of components and individual components, regardless of whether the components are combined with other components. For example, a “device” according to the present invention may comprise an electrochemical conversion assembly or fuel cell, a vehicle incorporating an electrochemical conversion assembly according to the present invention, etc.
- For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention it is noted that the term “substantially” is utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. The term “substantially” is also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue.
- Having described the invention in detail and by reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims. More specifically, although some aspects of the present invention are identified herein as preferred or particularly advantageous, it is contemplated that the present invention is not necessarily limited to these preferred aspects of the invention.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/100,405 US8863647B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | Oil gallery piston with improved thermal conductivity |
DE102012207195A DE102012207195A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2012-04-30 | Piston with an oil channel with improved thermal conductivity |
CN2012101438387A CN102767444A (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2012-05-04 | Oil gallery piston with improved thermal conductivity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/100,405 US8863647B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | Oil gallery piston with improved thermal conductivity |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120279389A1 true US20120279389A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
US8863647B2 US8863647B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
Family
ID=47019791
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/100,405 Expired - Fee Related US8863647B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | Oil gallery piston with improved thermal conductivity |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8863647B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102767444A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012207195A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170268119A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Copper plating solution and copper plating method |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10294887B2 (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2019-05-21 | Tenneco Inc. | Piston providing for reduced heat loss using cooling media |
CN108994540A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-14 | 苏州辉昌汽车部件有限公司 | Brake caliper piston and its processing method after a kind of |
US10731598B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2020-08-04 | Tenneco Inc. | Piston having an undercrown surface with coating and method of manufacture thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4368697A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1983-01-18 | Karl Schmidt Gmbh | Liquid-cooled piston for internal combustion engines |
US7281466B1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2007-10-16 | Seneca Technology, Ltd. | Piston coolant gallery |
US20090025550A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-01-29 | Arnold Benz | Piston for an Internal Combustion Engine and Method for its Production |
US20100147250A1 (en) * | 2008-12-13 | 2010-06-17 | Sascha-Oliver Boczek | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
US20110120299A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Cast piston with pin bore lubrication and method of manufacturing same |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2520809A1 (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1983-08-05 | Renault Vehicules Ind | Cylinder jacket for IC engine - has inner wall with ceramic insert in combustion zone and defining fluid flow passage |
CN1008208B (en) | 1988-08-05 | 1990-05-30 | 罗建云 | Compound steel pipe with fully covered plating |
DE4438703C2 (en) * | 1994-10-29 | 2003-12-18 | Mahle Gmbh | Light alloy pistons with cooling channel for internal combustion engines |
JPH08232758A (en) | 1995-02-25 | 1996-09-10 | Nippon Clean Engine Lab Co Ltd | Piston for internal combustion engine and manufacture thereof |
DE19548811A1 (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-07-03 | Mahle Gmbh | Plunger with cooling channel |
DE112004002568T5 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2006-11-30 | Komatsu Ltd. | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
JP2009287486A (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-10 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | Piston of internal combustion engine |
-
2011
- 2011-05-04 US US13/100,405 patent/US8863647B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-04-30 DE DE102012207195A patent/DE102012207195A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-05-04 CN CN2012101438387A patent/CN102767444A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4368697A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1983-01-18 | Karl Schmidt Gmbh | Liquid-cooled piston for internal combustion engines |
US7281466B1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2007-10-16 | Seneca Technology, Ltd. | Piston coolant gallery |
US20090025550A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-01-29 | Arnold Benz | Piston for an Internal Combustion Engine and Method for its Production |
US20100147250A1 (en) * | 2008-12-13 | 2010-06-17 | Sascha-Oliver Boczek | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
US20110120299A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Cast piston with pin bore lubrication and method of manufacturing same |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170268119A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Copper plating solution and copper plating method |
KR20170108848A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-27 | 우에무라 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Copper plating solution and copper plating method |
US10450666B2 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-10-22 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Copper plating solution and copper plating method |
KR102422840B1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2022-07-19 | 우에무라 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Copper plating solution and copper plating method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102012207195A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
US8863647B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
CN102767444A (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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