US20120174981A1 - Photovoltaic module mounting system - Google Patents

Photovoltaic module mounting system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120174981A1
US20120174981A1 US13/392,319 US201013392319A US2012174981A1 US 20120174981 A1 US20120174981 A1 US 20120174981A1 US 201013392319 A US201013392319 A US 201013392319A US 2012174981 A1 US2012174981 A1 US 2012174981A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
module
mounting system
electrically insulating
support
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/392,319
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English (en)
Inventor
Franz Karg
Hans-Werner Kuster
Jaap Van Der Burgt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE reassignment SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VAN DER BURGT, JAAP, KUSTER, HANS-WERNER, KARG, FRANZ
Publication of US20120174981A1 publication Critical patent/US20120174981A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/24—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures specially adapted for flat roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/63—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing modules or their peripheral frames to supporting elements
    • F24S25/632—Side connectors; Base connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F24S25/12—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface using posts in combination with upper profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/63—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing modules or their peripheral frames to supporting elements
    • F24S25/634—Clamps; Clips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/014—Methods for installing support elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/6004—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by clipping, e.g. by using snap connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/601—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by bonding, e.g. by using adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S2080/01—Selection of particular materials
    • F24S2080/015—Plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49355—Solar energy device making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for mounting a photovoltaic module onto a structure, at least in part made of metal, such as a roof, a facade or a mounting structure of a ground-mounted system.
  • a photovoltaic module is a module capable of converting the energy originating from a radiation, in particular solar radiation, into electrical energy, this definition including hybrid photovoltaic/thermal modules.
  • a photovoltaic solar module takes the form of a laminated glazing unit comprising photovoltaic cells inserted between a transparent front substrate, designed to be placed on the side of incidence of the solar radiation on the module, and a transparent or opaque rear substrate, designed to be arranged facing a structure for mounting the module.
  • the front and rear substrates may in particular be formed by sheets of glass or of thermoplastic polymer.
  • the module is conventionally fitted with a metal frame, particularly made of aluminium, which covers its periphery.
  • the attachment of the module to the mounting structure is then achieved by securing the frame to the structure and/or to the frame of another module, if several juxtaposed modules are mounted.
  • this conventional mounting system by means of a metal frame, has the drawback of creating an electrically conductive environment, at a floating or ground potential, around the photovoltaic modules.
  • the modules can be exposed to a high electric field strength, thereby risking damage to the modules.
  • the presence of the metal frame on the periphery of each module and the attachment of the module to the structure at this frame also cause mechanical stresses to occur on the periphery of the module, which harms the mechanical strength of the module.
  • the metal frame of each module covers active surface portions on the periphery of the module which, if they were not covered, would participate in the energy conversion, which limits the energy conversion efficiency of the module.
  • the invention is more particularly intended to remedy by proposing a system for reliably mounting photovoltaic modules onto a structure at least in part made of metal, whilst reducing the electric field strength to which the modules are exposed.
  • a subject of the invention is a system for mounting a photovoltaic module onto a structure at least in part made of metal, the photovoltaic module consisting of at least one photovoltaic cell that comprises electrically conductive elements, characterized in that it comprises, in each region in which the photovoltaic cell is near a grounded metal part of the structure when in the mounted configuration, at least one electrically insulating element positioned between the metal part and the nearest part of the electrically conductive elements of the photovoltaic cell, the total thickness of electrically insulating material between the metal part and the nearest part of the electrically conductive elements of the photovoltaic cell being at least 7 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably at least 12 mm.
  • the electrically conductive elements of the photovoltaic cell are kept at least 7 mm, preferably at least 10 mm and more preferably at least 12 mm from any metal part at ground potential.
  • electrically conductive elements of the photovoltaic cell comprise the electrodes and the busbars of the photovoltaic cell.
  • said at least one electrically insulating element comprises a rear substrate of the photovoltaic module, said rear substrate being made of an electrically insulating material, particularly of glass or a polymer material.
  • the photovoltaic module may comprise both a front and a rear substrate, the or each photovoltaic cell being sandwiched between the front substrate and rear substrates.
  • the photovoltaic module is devoid of a metal frame.
  • the electrically conductive elements of the photovoltaic cell are kept, in the mounted configuration, at at least 7 mm, preferably at least 10 mm and more preferably at least 12 mm from any metal part.
  • At least one region in which the photovoltaic cell is near a grounded metal part of the structure when in the mounted configuration is an attachment region of the module to the structure, and said at least one electrically insulating element comprises a fastener secured to a rear face of the rear substrate.
  • the fastener is made of a polymer or a composite material comprising a polymer matrix and electrically insulating fibers.
  • the fastener is designed to be directly coupled with the metal part of the structure so as to attach the module to the structure.
  • said at least one electrically insulating element in this attachment region furthermore comprises a portion of a support, said support being secured to the metal part of the structure and the fastener being designed to be coupled with the portion of the support so as to attach the module to the structure.
  • the support is made entirely of an electrically insulating material, particularly a polymer or a composite material comprising a polymer matrix and electrically insulating fibers.
  • the fastener comprises a protruding or recessed feature designed to engage with a complementary recessed or protruding feature of the portion of the support, the fastener and the support being designed to be coupled to each other by engagement of their respective features.
  • the support is secured to the metal part of the structure by snap-fastening.
  • the mounting system comprises at least two fasteners secured to the rear face of the rear substrate, said fasteners being uniformly distributed over said face and internally offset relative to the peripheral edges of the module.
  • each region in which the photovoltaic cell is near a grounded metal part of the structure when in the mounted configuration is an attachment region of the module to the structure.
  • Another subject of the invention is an assembly comprising a structure at least in part made of metal, such as a roof, a facade or a mounting structure of a ground-mounted system, and at least one photovoltaic module mounted onto the structure, in which the module is mounted onto the structure by means of a mounting system as described above.
  • a structure at least in part made of metal such as a roof, a facade or a mounting structure of a ground-mounted system
  • at least one photovoltaic module mounted onto the structure, in which the module is mounted onto the structure by means of a mounting system as described above.
  • Such an assembly may be a high-voltage power generation system, the voltages of which may reach about several hundred volts relative to ground potential.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of photovoltaic solar modules mounted onto a structure by means of a mounting system according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view on a larger scale in the direction of the arrow II of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view on a larger scale of the detail III of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view in the direction of the arrow IV of FIG. 3 in which the photovoltaic module has been omitted;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view from below of a photovoltaic module of FIG. 1 fitted with fasteners of the mounting system;
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of photovoltaic solar modules mounted onto a structure by means of a mounting system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view on a larger scale of a support of the mounting system of FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 2 , of photovoltaic solar modules mounted onto a structure by means of a mounting system according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross section in the plane IX of FIG. 8 ;
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of photovoltaic solar modules mounted, by means of a mounting system according to the first embodiment of the invention, onto a structure different from the structures shown in the preceding figures.
  • the thicknesses of the constitutive elements of the photovoltaic modules and of the mounting systems have been exaggerated for the sake of visibility, without conforming to the actual relative dimensions of the elements.
  • the active layers of the photovoltaic cell of each module have been shown with similar thicknesses to the module substrates, whereas in fact they are thin films of much smaller thickness.
  • photovoltaic solar modules 10 are mounted onto a metal structure 30 , of the ground-mounted type, by means of a mounting system 1 .
  • the structure 30 is designed to receive the modules 10 at an inclination relative to the horizontal, this inclination being provided to maximize the solar radiation incident on the module.
  • the mean attachment plane in which the modules 10 are attached to the structure 30 denoted n, is inclined at an angle a to the horizontal.
  • the angle a of inclination of the plane n to the horizontal is about 45°. More generally, the angle a may lie between 0° and 90°.
  • the structure 30 is a stainless steel structure comprising a plurality of beams 31 , 33 , 35 arranged together to form a triangular framework to which are attached cross-beams 37 having quadrilateral cross sections.
  • the cross-beams 37 a longitudinal axis of which is denoted by X 37 , are parallel to one another and are intended to receive a plurality of juxtaposed photovoltaic modules 10 .
  • each module 10 is a frameless parallelepipedal photovoltaic module that comprises a front substrate or “superstrate” 11 , a rear substrate 12 and one or more photovoltaic cells 13 sandwiched between the front substrate 11 and the rear substrate 12 .
  • the front substrate 11 intended to be placed on the side of incidence of the solar radiation on the module, is transparent, for example made of an extra-clear transparent glass or a transparent thermoplastic polymer such as polycarbonate, polyurethane, or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the rear substrate 12 intended to be placed facing the structure 30 , is made of any appropriate electrically insulating material, whether transparent or not.
  • the thickness of the rear substrate 12 is denoted by e 12 .
  • the rear substrate may partially include metal parts, provided that a coating or cover made of an electrically insulating material prevents any electrical connection between these metal parts and ground.
  • the or each photovoltaic cell 13 positioned between the substrates 11 and 12 , is formed by a multilayer stack of thin films comprising, successively, starting from the front substrate 11 , a transparent electrically conductive layer 14 , in particular based on a transparent conductive oxide, that forms a front electrode of the cell; an absorber layer 15 designed to absorb the energy originating from the incident solar radiation on the cell, in particular an amorphous or microcrystalline silicon-based thin layer or a cadmium telluride-based thin layer; and an electrically conductive layer 16 that forms a rear electrode of the cell.
  • a polymer lamination interlayer is used to connect this thin-film multilayer stack to the rear substrate 12 or to a film forming a back cover.
  • the absorber layer 15 of the or each cell 13 may be a thin layer of a chalcopyrite compound containing copper, indium and selenium—called a CIS absorber layer—to which optionally gallium (CIGS absorbing layer), aluminum or sulfur may be added.
  • the or each thin-film cell 13 comprises a multilayer stack analogous to that described hereinabove, a polymer lamination interlayer, not shown, being also positioned between the front electrode 14 of the cell and the front substrate 11 so as to ensure good cohesion of the module 10 when it is assembled.
  • the lamination interlayer may in particular be made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the or each cell 13 may be made from polycrystalline silicon wafers forming a p-n junction.
  • Each module 10 is equipped with two junction boxes 50 secured to the rear face 12 A of the rear substrate 12 intended to face the structure 30 , that is the face of the rear substrate 12 on the opposite side to the or each photovoltaic cell 13 .
  • the junction boxes 50 are secured to the face 12 A by any appropriate means, in particular by bonding, and are positioned symmetrically about a median longitudinal axis X 10 of the module, in a central portion of the module relative to the direction of the axis X 10 .
  • the junction boxes 50 are connected together and to the outside by means of cables 52 that allow the module 10 to be electrically connected, once mounted onto the structure 30 , with adjacent modules 10 and devices, not shown, for supplying current.
  • Each photovoltaic module 10 is mounted onto the structure 30 by means of four fasteners 20 secured to the module and four supports 40 secured to the cross-beams 37 of the structure.
  • Each fastener 20 and each support 40 of the mounting system 1 is made of an electrically insulating material, in particular a polymer or a composite material comprising a polymer matrix and electrically insulating fibers.
  • electrically insulating materials include polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, which may be reinforced with electrically insulating fibers such a glass fibers or polymer fibers.
  • each fastener 20 and each support 40 is advantageously made by molding, particularly by injection molding.
  • the four fasteners 20 are secured to the rear face 12 A of the rear substrate 12 by bonding by means of an adhesive. As shown in FIG. 5 , the four fasteners 20 are identical to one another and uniformly distributed over the rear face 12 A of the module, whilst being internally offset relative to the longitudinal peripheral edges 18 and the transversal peripheral edges 19 of the module. More precisely, if the rear face 12 A is divided into four equally-sized quadrants, the fasteners 20 would each be positioned in a central portion of one of the quadrants. Such an arrangement of the fasteners 20 distributed over the rear face 12 A reinforces the structure of the module 10 and increases its mechanical strength.
  • each support 40 comprises a first portion 42 for snap-fastening to the structure 30 and a second portion 44 for coupling to a fastener 20 .
  • the snap-fastening portion 42 has an overall U shape, where the opening of the U is partially closed by a flange 43 .
  • One of the lateral legs of the U-shaped snap-fastening portion 42 is formed by the coupling portion 44 whereas the other lateral leg 41 of the U-shaped snap-fastening portion 42 is prolonged by the flange 43 curved toward the coupling portion 44 .
  • the snap-fastening portion 42 has a quadrilateral cross section, open between the flange 43 and the portion 44 , that is complementary to the cross section of each cross-beam 37 .
  • each support 40 of the mounting system is made of an elastically deformable material, so that the lateral legs 41 and 44 of the snap-fastening portion 42 are able to be elastically separated from each other. It is thus possible to widen the opening delimited by the flange 43 and the coupling portion 44 so as to snap-fasten the portion 42 to a cross-beam 37 of the structure 30 .
  • the portion 42 is snap-fastened to a cross-beam 37
  • the cross-beam 37 is received by and held in the interior volume 47 defined by the portion 42 so that the support 40 is secured to the cross-beam 37 .
  • the coupling portion 44 which, in this embodiment, is a lateral leg of the snap-fastening portion 42 of each support 40 , comprises a protruding feature 45 .
  • This protruding feature 45 is designed to engage with a complementary recessed feature 25 provided in each fastener 20 of the mounting system 1 on a face 20 A.
  • the recessed feature 25 of each fastener 20 and the protruding feature 45 of each support 40 have complementary trapezoidal profiles, the cross section S 25 , S 45 of each feature 25 , 45 decreasing in a longitudinal direction X 25 , X 45 of the feature.
  • the features 25 and 45 of a fastener 20 and of a support 40 of the mounting system 1 are thus designed to engage with each other by a sliding movement of one relative to the other in the longitudinal direction X 25 , X 45 of the features, as shown by the arrow F 1 in FIG. 2 .
  • the fastener and the support are coupled together.
  • This coupling of the fastener 20 and the support 40 is reversible in that, when the features 25 and 45 are mutually engaged, there remains a translational degree of freedom of the fastener 20 relative to the support 40 in the direction of the arrow F 2 in FIG. 2 , i.e. in the opposite direction to the arrow F 1 .
  • the features 25 and 45 are mutually engaged the fastener 20 and the support 40 are immobilized relative to each other except in the direction of the arrow F 2 .
  • each fastener 20 is attached to the rear face 12 A of the module 10 so that the axis X 25 of its recessed feature 25 is parallel to the longitudinal axis X 10 of the module.
  • the four supports 40 for receiving a module 10 are distributed in pairs on two neighboring cross-beams 37 , one of these cross-beams, called the upper cross-beam, being placed above the other, called the lower cross-beam, because of the angle of inclination a of the plane n of attachment of the modules to the structure 30 .
  • the axis X 45 of the protruding feature 45 of the support is directed transversely relative to the axis X 37 of the cross-beam.
  • the module 10 is attached to the structure 30 with its longitudinal axis X 10 directed transversely relative to—the axis X 37 of the cross-beams 37 .
  • each fastener 20 apart from the feature 25 is denoted by e 20 and the thickness of the coupling portion 44 of each support 40 apart from the feature 45 is denoted by e 44 .
  • the total thickness e 12 +e 20 +e 44 of electrically insulating material positioned between the metal cross-beam 37 and the rear electrode 16 , which is the conductive element of the photovoltaic cell 13 nearest to the cross-beam 37 , in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the module 10 is at least 7 mm, is preferably at least 10 mm and is more preferably at least 12 mm.
  • the photovoltaic cell of the module 10 is thus electrically insulated relative to the metal structure 30 .
  • the thickness e 20 of each fastener 20 is chosen to equal the thickness e 50 of each of the two junction boxes 50 of the module.
  • the module 10 fitted with its two junction boxes 50 and its four fasteners 20 has an optimized compactness that makes packaging, storing and transporting it easier.
  • a method for mounting photovoltaic modules 10 onto the structure 30 , for which the mean attachment plane n of the modules is inclined to the horizontal at an angle a of between 0° and 90°, by means of the mounting system 1 according to the invention, comprises steps such as those described hereinafter.
  • each module 10 Firstly, four fasteners 20 are attached to each module 10 , in the arrangement shown in FIG. 5 , by bonding the face 20 B of each fastener, which is on the opposite side to the face 20 A, to the rear face 12 A of the module.
  • Supports 40 are also secured to the structure 30 by snap-fastening the portion 42 of each support to cross-beams 37 of the structure. More precisely, for each module 10 , four supports 40 are snap-fastened to two neighboring upper and lower cross-beams 37 because of the angle of inclination a of the plane n, namely two supports to the upper cross-beam 37 and two supports to the lower cross-beam 37 , by placing the supports onto the cross-beams with an appropriate spacing corresponding to the spacing between the fasteners 20 of the modules 10 . Each support 40 is snap-fastened to the corresponding cross-beam 37 such that the cross section S 45 of its feature 45 decreases toward the ground.
  • each support 40 When the snap-fastening portion 42 of each support 40 is mounted loosely or with a certain gap to the corresponding cross-beam 37 in the snap-fastened configuration, that is to say when the support 40 is able to slide relative to the cross-beam 37 , it is possible to adjust the position of the supports 40 on the structure 30 before mounting the modules 10 or during mounting. This positioning is then immobilized by bonding the supports 40 to the structure 30 by means of an adhesive which fills the gap between the portion 42 and the cross-beam 37 . The positioning of the modules on the structure is easy because the position of the snap-fastened supports on the mounting structure may be adjusted.
  • each module 10 is attached to the structure 30 by engaging the features 25 of the four fasteners 20 of the module with the features 45 of the four supports 40 snap-fastened to the structure 30 for this purpose.
  • This mutual engagement of the features 25 and 45 is obtained by sliding the module 10 downward, in the direction of the arrow F 1 in FIG. 2 , toward the ground, relative to the structure 30 .
  • the step of securing the fasteners 20 to the rear face 12 A of each module is carried out on the production site of the modules 10 and integrated into the production line of the module, whereas the subsequent steps are carried out on the site where the modules 10 are mounted.
  • the module 10 When it is necessary to remove or replace a module 10 mounted onto the structure 30 , for example in the case of a malfunction of this module, the module 10 is demounted in a particularly simple manner by sliding the module 10 upward, in the direction of the arrow F 2 in FIG. 2 , relative to the structure 30 .
  • the elements analogous to those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same numbers increased by 100 .
  • the only difference between the mounting system 101 according to this second embodiment and the mounting system of the first embodiment is in the structure of the supports. More precisely, in this second embodiment the snap-fastening portion 142 and the coupling portion 144 of each support 140 are separated from each other and are connected to each other by a joining portion 146 . In other words, the coupling portion 144 no longer forms a lateral leg of the snap-fastening portion 142 but is connected to a lateral leg 148 of the portion 142 by the joining portion 146 . As shown in FIG. 7 , for each support 140 , the distance between the rear face of the lateral leg 148 and the front face of the coupling portion 144 , apart from the feature 145 , is denoted.
  • each fastener 120 and each support 140 of the mounting system 101 are made of an electrically insulating material, in particular of a polymer or a composite material comprising a polymer matrix.
  • each support 140 is advantageously injection molded in one piece in a composite material comprising a polymer matrix reinforced with electrically insulating fibers.
  • the structure of each support 140 is shown very schematically in FIGS. 6 and 7 . In particular, elements for reinforcing the joining portion 146 , necessary to ensure that the support 140 has sufficient mechanical strength, are not shown in these figures.
  • the supports 140 associated with each module 110 are chosen such that the distance d is different for the first pair of supports of the module, snap-fastened to the upper cross-beam 137 of the structure 130 , than for the second pair of supports of the module, snap-fastened to the lower cross-beam 137 .
  • the distance d 1 of the first pair of supports 140 , snap-fastened to the upper cross-beam 137 is less than the distance d 2 of the second pair of supports 140 , snap-fastened to the lower cross-beam 137 .
  • the module is inclined at an angle p of about 10° relative to the attachment plane n of the modules to the structure.
  • the result is a stepped, shingle-like arrangement of the modules 110 on the structure 130 .
  • Such a stepped arrangement of the modules 110 prevents dirt or snow from standing between two adjacent modules and thus limits the dirtying of the modules.
  • the total thickness e 112 +e 120 +d of electrical insulating material positioned between the cross-beam 137 and the rear electrode 116 , which is the conductive element of the photovoltaic cell 113 nearest the metal cross-beam 137 , in direction perpendicular to the plane of the module 110 is at least 7 mm, preferably at least 10 mm and more preferably at least 12 mm.
  • the intermediate electrically insulating material comprises both air and the materials that make up the rear substrate 112 , the fastener 120 and the support 140 .
  • the supports 140 of the mounting system 101 may be manufactured in two distinct runs, one having portions 142 and 144 separated by the distance d 1 and the other having portions 142 and 144 separated by the distance d 2 .
  • the supports 140 may be manufactured according to a single template comprising means for modulating the distance between the portions 142 and 144 , for example a system of notches.
  • the joining region between the portions 142 and 144 is provided with specific reinforcement so that the support retains sufficient mechanical strength.
  • each cross-beam 237 comprises a shoulder 238 which, due to the inclination of the plane n of attachment of the modules 210 to the structure 230 , is directed upward, away from the ground.
  • each of the four fasteners 220 of the module comprises a hook 228 designed to cooperate with the shoulder 238 of the cross-beam 237 .
  • the hook 228 of a fastener 220 is able to engage with the shoulder 238 of a cross-beam 237 by a sliding movement of the hook relative to the shoulder in the direction of the arrow F 3 in FIG. 9 .
  • each fastener 220 is made of an electrically insulating material, particularly a polymer or a composite material comprising a polymer matrix and electrically insulating fibers.
  • the total thickness e 212 +e 220 of electrically insulating material positioned between the metal cross-beam 237 and the rear electrode 216 , which is the conductive element of the photovoltaic cell 213 nearest the cross-beam 237 , in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the module 210 is at least 7 mm, preferably at least 10 mm and more preferably at least 12 mm.
  • the conductive elements of the photovoltaic module 210 are electrically insulated relative to the metal structure 230 in each attachment region of the module to the structure, which regions are the only ones in which the photovoltaic cell of the module is near the structure.
  • a mounting system guarantees that, in each region in which the or each photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module is near a grounded metal part of its mounting structure, a certain thickness of electrically insulating material is interposed between the metal part and the nearest part of the conductive elements of the photovoltaic cell, that is to say the rear electrode in the aforementioned examples.
  • the thickness of electrically insulating material positioned between the metal part of the structure and the nearest part of the conductive elements of the photovoltaic-cell, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the module is at least 7 mm, preferably at 10 mm and more preferably at least 12 mm.
  • each conductive element of the module is electrically insulated and maintained at a distance relative to any grounded metal part of the mounting structure, enabling the electrical field strength to which the module is exposed to be reduced.
  • a mounting system according to the invention avoids the risk of damage to the modules at high voltages, in particular at voltages greater than several hundred volts, in power generation systems, thereby increasing the lifespan of the modules.
  • An example of a likely damage mechanism at high voltages for thin-film photovoltaic modules is delamination.
  • a mounting system according to the invention may thus enable the use of higher system voltages, above 500 V, and even above 1000 V.
  • a mounting system enables photovoltaic modules to be quickly and easily mounted onto a structure by engagement of the features of the fasteners directly to the structure or to supports secured to the structure without requiring any special tools.
  • This engagement is effected by simply sliding each module relative to the structure, until immobilization which results from the relative shape of the features.
  • the attachment obtained, of the modules to the structure is reliable and robust.
  • the load resistance of the modules is satisfactory by virtue of the uniform distribution of the fasteners over the rear face of each module.
  • assembly of the modules onto the structure obtained according to the invention is reversible, thereby enabling a module to be individually demounted from the structure in the case of a malfunction of this module.
  • the elements constituting a mounting system according to the invention namely the fasteners and optionally the supports, have the advantage of being simple and economical to manufacture, in particular by injection molding of a polymer material.
  • Fasteners and supports made of a polymer material are also capable of absorbing, by elastic deformation, vibration movements of the modules relative to their mounting structure, vibrations that are likely to occur for example under the effect of the wind. The result of this is a damping of the noises associated with such vibration movements.
  • the photovoltaic modules are frameless modules.
  • the modules may comprise a frame, preferably a non-metallic frame, such that the conductive elements of each photovoltaic cell of the module are maintained at a distance from any grounded metal part in the mounted configuration.
  • the conductive elements of each photovoltaic cell comprise the front and rear electrodes of the cell, but may also comprise busbars or electrical connections, these not being shown in the figures.
  • a mounting system may also use fasteners and supports having shapes or modes of distribution over the modules and over the receiving structure different to those described above, or even a different number of fasteners and supports. These parameters may particularly be adapted depending on the expected loading on the modules, once they are attached to the structure, for example wind loading or snow loading.
  • the fasteners are advantageously distributed uniformly over the rear face of the module so that the structure of the module is reinforced.
  • a fifth fastener placed centrally relative to the module and to connect the upper and lower cross-beams for receiving the supports with a central beam to which the fifth support may be coupled, directly or via a fifth support snap-fastened to the structure.
  • the supports may be made of a metal instead of an electrically insulating material.
  • the total thickness e 12 +e 20 , e 112 +e 120 of the rear substrate and of the fasteners, both made of an electrically insulating material is advantageously at least 7 mm, preferably at least 10 mm and more preferably at least 12 mm, so as to guarantee a sufficient distance between, on the one hand, the conductive elements of the or each photovoltaic cell of the modules and, on the other hand, the metal supports, the latter being, due to their electrical conductivity, likely to damage the modules at high voltages if they are too close to the modules.
  • a stepped, shingle-like arrangement of the modules on the structure which is an advantageous arrangement in order to limit the dirtying of the modules, may also be obtained by other methods than an adaptation of the structure of the supports of the mounting system according to the invention, as illustrated in the second embodiment, in which a different distance between the snap-fastening and coupling portions is provided from one support to the other.
  • a stepped arrangement of the modules may be obtained by modifying the structure of the fasteners or else the receiving structure of the modules, rather than the structure of the supports.
  • the modification of the receiving structure for the purpose of obtaining a stepped arrangement of the modules is illustrated in FIG. 10 .
  • the mounting system is that of the first embodiment, but the cross-beams 37 , instead of being connected directly to the beams 35 of the structure 30 , are connected to rods 39 protruding from the beams 35 . More precisely, as shown in FIG. 10 , for each module 10 to be attached to the structure 30 , the upper cross-beam 37 for receiving the module is connected to protruding rods 39 having a length d 1 , while the lower cross-beam 37 for receiving the module is connected to protruding rods 39 having a length d 2 greater than d 1 .
  • each module is inclined at an angle ⁇ of the order of 10° relative to the plane ⁇ .
  • a mounting system according to the invention may be used for the mounting of photovoltaic modules onto a receiving structure of any type, in particular a mounting structure of a ground-mounted system, a roof or a facade.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
US13/392,319 2009-08-25 2010-08-25 Photovoltaic module mounting system Abandoned US20120174981A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0955785 2009-08-25
FR0955785A FR2949494B1 (fr) 2009-08-25 2009-08-25 Dispositif de fixation et procede de montage de modules solaires
FR1052764 2010-04-12
FR1052764A FR2949548B1 (fr) 2009-08-25 2010-04-12 Systeme de montage de modules photovoltaiques
PCT/FR2010/051772 WO2011023903A2 (fr) 2009-08-25 2010-08-25 Systeme de montage de modules photovoltaiques

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US20120174981A1 true US20120174981A1 (en) 2012-07-12

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US13/392,319 Abandoned US20120174981A1 (en) 2009-08-25 2010-08-25 Photovoltaic module mounting system

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KR (2) KR200480406Y1 (zh)
CN (2) CN202957264U (zh)
DE (2) DE212010000122U1 (zh)
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Publication number Publication date
WO2011023902A3 (fr) 2011-12-22
FR2949494B1 (fr) 2015-02-13
WO2011023903A3 (fr) 2012-07-12
CN202993633U (zh) 2013-06-12
KR20120004267U (ko) 2012-06-14
WO2011023903A2 (fr) 2011-03-03
WO2011023902A2 (fr) 2011-03-03
CN202957264U (zh) 2013-05-29
FR2949548B1 (fr) 2013-02-15
FR2949548A1 (fr) 2011-03-04
KR200480266Y1 (ko) 2016-05-02
US20120174968A1 (en) 2012-07-12
FR2949494A1 (fr) 2011-03-04
KR20120003444U (ko) 2012-05-17
US8887454B2 (en) 2014-11-18
DE212010000121U1 (de) 2012-06-05
KR200480406Y1 (ko) 2016-05-20
DE212010000122U1 (de) 2012-04-11

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