US20120127571A1 - Generating a Stereoscopic Image - Google Patents

Generating a Stereoscopic Image Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120127571A1
US20120127571A1 US13/269,800 US201113269800A US2012127571A1 US 20120127571 A1 US20120127571 A1 US 20120127571A1 US 201113269800 A US201113269800 A US 201113269800A US 2012127571 A1 US2012127571 A1 US 2012127571A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
images
lens
image
parallax
stereoscopic image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/269,800
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English (en)
Inventor
Eisuke Kanzaki
Yasutomo Nakayama
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KANZAKI, EISUKE, NAKAYAMA, YASUTOMO
Publication of US20120127571A1 publication Critical patent/US20120127571A1/en
Priority to US14/834,698 priority Critical patent/US9933626B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/111—Transformation of image signals corresponding to virtual viewpoints, e.g. spatial image interpolation

Definitions

  • a lenticular lens is a plate-like (sheet-like) lens including a side-by-side array of long and narrow semicylindrical lenses.
  • a method of generating an image to be observed as a stereoscopic image when viewed binocularly through an eye-side surface of a lenticular lens in which a plurality of parallax images are arranged on a back surface of each of lenses of the lenticular lens or light beams corresponding to the plurality of images are input to the back surface, the method including parallax per unit length is made relatively smaller, in at least part, at a position closer to each edge of each lens in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the lens.
  • an apparatus for generating a stereoscopic image including a lenticular lens, and a plurality of parallax images which are arranged on a back surface of each of lenses of the lenticular lens and are observed as a stereoscopic image when viewed binocularly through an eye-side surface of the lens, the parallax images having relatively smaller parallax per unit length, in at least part, at a position closer to each edge of each lens in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the lens.
  • an apparatus for generating a stereoscopic image includes a lenticular lens, a means for obtaining interpolation images from two parallax images through interpolation between the two images in such a manner that parallax of adjacent images thereof is made larger at a position closer to the center of each lens, and a means for arranging or inputting the two images and the interpolation images in or to areas on a back surface of each lens of the lenticular lens, respectively, the areas each having the same width in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the lens.
  • FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a method of generating a stereoscopic image according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C are views for explaining modifications of the method of generating a stereoscopic image according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are views for explaining a method of generating a stereoscopic image according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a relation of a lenticular lens and images arranged on a back side of the lenticular lens.
  • FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a method of obtaining parallax images.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are views for explaining a method of generating a stereoscopic image which is made smooth by being interpolated with parallax images.
  • FIG. 7 is a view for explaining that a person can only see adjacent images when viewed binocularly.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relation between a lenticular lens and images arranged on the back side of the lenticular lens, to explain a general method of generating a stereoscopic image by use of the lenticular lens.
  • FIG. 4 shows a case of using four images taken respectively from different angles.
  • Each semicylindrical lens has equally-divided images (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 ) arranged on its back surface sequentially.
  • P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 are equally-divided images (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 ) arranged on its back surface sequentially.
  • an observer can see only one of the multiple images arranged on the lens (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 ), and the image which the observer can see depends on the angle of his/her visual axis with respect to the lens.
  • the observer can see different images respectively with his/her left and right eyes since the visual axes of the left and right eyes have different angles with respect to the lens. Accordingly, the parallax of the two images can give the observer a sense of depth.
  • a stereoscopic image by using a lenticular lens multiple images of an object taken from different angles are used as described above.
  • the object is a still object such as a doll
  • a single camera is moved little by little (this movement can be performed by using a computerized movable camera mount or the like), and an image of the object is taken every time the camera is moved, to obtain the multiple images (see FIG. 5 ).
  • the object is a moving object or person, it is necessary to use multiple cameras (or lenses) and to release the shutters of the cameras simultaneously.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B it is also possible to take two images respectively by two cameras (or lenses), and to then create, by using the two actually-taken images, images which are interpolated between the two actually-taken images.
  • FIG. 6A is a view showing a photographing scene.
  • images of a person with a background of infinitely distant mountains are simultaneously taken by multiple cameras, respectively (simultaneous shooting can be performed under computer control or the like), to obtain parallax images.
  • the point here is that actual image shooting is performed only from positions of a first camera C 1 and a fourth camera C 4 .
  • the person is on a right side in a first image P 1 captured by the first camera C 1 while being on a left side in a fourth image P 4 captured by the fourth camera C 4 .
  • the images interpolated between the actually-taken ones are simulated images and hence do not accurately reproduce images which can be captured at the intermediate positions. Nevertheless, when having a simple overlapping state of objects, the interpolation images have a sufficient effect on producing a sense of depth.
  • shooting creation of the stereoscopic image
  • CG computer graphics
  • Nimslo 3D released by Nimstec in 1980 simultaneously takes four parallax images by using four lenses lined in a row.
  • the film is developed, and stereoscopic images taken by using the lenticular lens are returned.
  • Finepix (registered trademark) Real 3D released by Fujifilm Corporation in 2009 can simultaneously take two images by using two lenses.
  • images processed by means of the above-described interpolation technique are returned (Internet ⁇ URL:http://fujifilm.jp/personal/3d/print/3 dprint/index.html>).
  • a person gains a larger sense of depth as the parallax of the images is larger.
  • the parallax of the images is larger as the distance (stereo base) between two cameras (or lenses) taking the images is larger, which brings a larger sense of depth to the person seeing the images.
  • the above-described consumer-level cameras cannot be so large in size in consideration of portability and the like, and hence do not have such a large stereo base.
  • the distance between two adjacent lenses is approximately 1.8 cm.
  • the optimal positioning (distance between the lens and the eyes of the user) in observing a stereoscopic image through a lenticular lens is determined depending on the performance of the lenticular lens. According to this feature and the fact that the distance between the two eyes of a person is approximately 6 to 7 cm, the angle between the visual axes of the right and left eyes through the lens (a in FIG. 7 ) is approximately uniform.
  • the first method is to make the stereo base larger
  • the second method is to increase the angle ⁇ by improving the performance of the lens to enable the person to see a pair of images which are not adjacent to each other (e.g. the first image and the third image).
  • FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a method of generating a stereoscopic image according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment will be described on the basis of a case of using four parallax images as in the example for explaining the background art.
  • a surface of each lens to which the images are attached is equally divided into four areas, and the images are assigned to the four areas, respectively.
  • the width occupancy of a parallax image is larger at a position closer to each of edges of each lens, while being smaller at a position closer to the center of the lens.
  • This step of attaching images to each lens can be performed automatically as a step of a computerized automatic process.
  • the area of each of a first image P 1 and a fourth image P 4 is increased to approximately 1.33 times, and the area of each of a second image P 2 and a third image P 3 is reduced to approximately 0.67 times, in contrast to a case where the images have the equal area occupancy.
  • the width occupancy of each of the first image P 1 and the fourth image P 4 is made twice as large as that of each of the second image P 2 and the third image P 3 .
  • this makes it possible to generate an image with a large sense of depth when a person looks at the sub-images from around the front of the lens, from the same number of images taken with the same stereo base by using the same lens (having the same lens performance), compared with a case in which the images having the same area occupancy with each other are used and each two adjacent images have the same parallax with each other.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C are views for explaining modifications of the method of generating a stereoscopic image according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the width occupancy of each of the first image P 1 and the fourth image P 4 is set to be twice as large as that of each of the second image P 2 and the third image P 3 .
  • FIG. 2A shows a case in which the width occupancy of each of a first image P 1 and a fourth image P 4 is set to be third times as large as that of each of a second image P 2 and a third image P 3 .
  • the area of each of the first image P 1 and the fourth image P 4 is increased to approximately 1.5 times, while the area of each of the second image P 2 and the third image P 3 is reduced to approximately 0.5 times, of that in a case where the images have the equal area occupancy.
  • FIG. 2B shows a case in which, among six images, the area of each of a first image P 1 and a sixth image P 6 is made larger while the area of each of a third image P 3 and a fourth image P 4 is made smaller. In any case, what is only needed is to set the width occupancy to be larger at a position closer to each of edges of each lens.
  • FIG. 2C shows such an example. Specifically, the width occupancy of each of a third image P 3 and a sixth image P 6 is made larger than that of each of a fourth image P 4 and a fifth image P 5 and the width occupancy of each of a second image P 2 and a seventh image P 7 is made larger than that of each of the third image P 3 and the sixth image P 6 , while the width occupancy of each of a first image P 1 and an eighth image P 8 is made the same as that of each of the second image P 2 and the seventh image P 7 .
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are views for explaining a method of generating a stereoscopic image according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is on the assumption of a method of forming a stereoscopic image by interpolating parallax images as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B .
  • the intermediate images P 2 and P 3 are generated by interpolation as if the cameras (lenses) were arranged with equally-spaced intervals.
  • the interval for interpolation is set to be larger at a central portion while being set to be smaller at each peripheral portion.
  • the original images i.e. the first image P 1 and the fourth image P 4 , and the second image (intermediate image) P 2 a and the third image (intermediate image) P 3 a , thus generated, are assigned respectively to four equally-divided areas on a back surface of a lenticular lens 1 .
  • This assignment can be performed by supplying electric signals under the control of a control unit (an IC chip or the like) in a case as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B , for example.
  • this embodiment also includes variations as the first embodiment does, and the number of images to be generated by interpolation on the basis of two images can be larger than two.
  • parallax per unit length is made relatively smaller, in at least part, at a position closer to each edge of each lens in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the lens.
  • the step of making the parallax smaller can be performed in a computerized automatic process in the case of the first embodiment, and can be performed under an electric control in the case of the second embodiment, as described above. In short, this step can be performed under an automatic control by a computer in any case.
  • the present invention is effective not only in the case of using an image obtained by lenticular printing but also in the case of displaying a three-dimensional image by attaching a lenticular lens on a screen of a television, a personal computer display, a mobile phone, an e-book reader or a portable game device.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
US13/269,800 2010-11-19 2011-10-10 Generating a Stereoscopic Image Abandoned US20120127571A1 (en)

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JP2010258920A JP5695395B2 (ja) 2010-11-19 2010-11-19 立体画像生成方法及びその装置

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Publication number Publication date
JP5695395B2 (ja) 2015-04-01
KR101800896B1 (ko) 2017-11-23
CN102480627B (zh) 2015-05-27
US9933626B2 (en) 2018-04-03
CN102480627A (zh) 2012-05-30
US20160054572A1 (en) 2016-02-25
JP2012109911A (ja) 2012-06-07
KR20120054525A (ko) 2012-05-30

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