US20120125567A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120125567A1
US20120125567A1 US13/382,311 US201013382311A US2012125567A1 US 20120125567 A1 US20120125567 A1 US 20120125567A1 US 201013382311 A US201013382311 A US 201013382311A US 2012125567 A1 US2012125567 A1 US 2012125567A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
section
flow paths
support structure
arms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/382,311
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Paul Von Kossakglowczewski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to SHELL OIL COMPANY reassignment SHELL OIL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VON KOSSAK-GLOWCZEWSKI, THOMAS PAUL
Publication of US20120125567A1 publication Critical patent/US20120125567A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0041—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having parts touching each other or tubes assembled in panel form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0132—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by slats, tie-rods, articulated or expandable rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0275—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple branch pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchange device for cooling a gas, comprising a channel and one or more heat exchange surfaces disposed in the channel, supported by a support structure.
  • Such heat exchangers are for example used in gasification processes for the production of synthetic gas, or syngas.
  • carbonaceous feedstock is partially oxidised in a reactor.
  • Syngas leaving the reactor typically has a temperature of 1300-1600° C.
  • the hot syngas is quenched to temperatures between 100-700° C. and is then transported to a coiled heat exchanger, generally comprising a number of parallel coiled tubes.
  • Support structures are used to support the heat exchange surfaces within the channel formed by the channel wall. Differences in thermal expansion of the various parts complicate possible support constructions. Sliding bearings can be used, allowing some degree of freedom of movement, but such bearings are difficult to realize and less reliable under the circumstances in such reactors.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,110 discloses a heat exchanger for cooling syngas from a partial combustion reactor comprising nested heat exchange surfaces carried by a support. Such a support structure may induce high local stress peaks.
  • a heat exchange device comprising:
  • the heat exchange surfaces can rest on the support structure, or the heat exchange surfaces can hang down from the support structure.
  • the one or more heat exchange surfaces can be connected to the support structure, e.g., by welding joints.
  • the support structure can be joined to the channel wall, or to a load bearing structure within the channel wall.
  • the device can for instance have a number of nested heat exchange surfaces of a closed geometry, e.g., of a cylindrical geometry, as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,110.
  • the heat exchange surfaces can be coaxially arranged or nested within the channel wall, which will typically be cylindrical.
  • the support structure can support a series of two or more bundles of nested heat exchange surfaces.
  • the fluid heat exchange medium is water, although any other type of aqueous or non-aqueous coolant can be used if so desired.
  • the support structure may for example have three or more arms, e.g., four or more arms to form a cross. If so desired a higher number of arms can be used.
  • the support structure can comprise a plurality of embedded parallel inner channels each being in open connection with one of the flow paths in the heat exchange surfaces.
  • the inner channels are preferably evenly distributed and equidistantly arranged.
  • the inner channels may meander through the arm parts of the support structure. Since meandering inner channels are difficult to manufacture, the arm parts may be built of a number of sections each embedding parallel and equidistant inner channels making a single turn, e.g., of about 90 degrees.
  • each arm of the support structure may comprise:
  • the heat distribution with this configuration is such that differences in thermal expansion of the connected parts do not result in high mechanical stress loads.
  • the arms of the support structure can for example be formed as blocks or plates embedding inner channels operatively connected to the tubular parts.
  • one or more of the arms of the support structure can wholly or partly be composed of tubular parts, optionally in combination with blocks or plates embedding inner channels operatively connected to the tubular parts.
  • the height of the support structure can be increased. This way, the support structure can be made stronger without increasing the thickness of the support structure arms, which could result in undesirable high wall temperatures of the support structure.
  • the thickness of the arms of the support structure should be sufficient to give the support structure the required carrying capacity. Generally, a wall thickness of 5-20 mm at both sides of an inner channel balances sufficient strength with good heat dissipation capacity.
  • the heat exchange surfaces are cleaned by rapping devices which can regularly be actuated during operation of the reactor.
  • rapping devices which can regularly be actuated during operation of the reactor.
  • pneumatically operated rapping devices the individual heat exchange surfaces are accelerated to such an extent, that soot deposits and fouling are effectively removed.
  • Cleaning by rapping can be done particularly effectively if all tubes of one heat exchange surface unit are rigidly connected to one constructive gastight unit, e.g., by constructing the heat exchange surfaces as a tube-stay-tube or fin-tube construction.
  • the heat exchange surfaces can be assembled as a plurality of nested heat exchange surfaces of a closed geometry whereby the inner heat exchange surface has a greater constructive height than the adjacent outer heat exchange surface so that each heat exchange surface can be rapped from the exterior without the need for penetrating any other heat exchange surfaces.
  • one or more deflectors arranged within the inner heat exchange surface of the nested set may be used to guide the hot gas flow towards the heat exchange surfaces, in order to cool all of the gas evenly.
  • the heat exchange device according to the present invention can for example be a section of a partial combustion reactor for the production of synthetic gas.
  • FIG. 1A shows a longitudinal cross section of a heat exchange device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 1B shows the device of FIG. 1A in cross section
  • FIG. 2A shows in side view a support structure of the device of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2B shows a plan view of the support structure of FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 3 shows in side view of a second possible embodiment of a support structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal cross section of a further possible embodiment of a heat exchange device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows in longitudinal cross section a heat exchange section 1 of a partial combustion reactor for the production of syngas.
  • the section 1 comprises a cylindrical outer wall 2 .
  • the outer wall 2 encloses a concentrically arranged inner channel wall or membrane 3 built of parallel tubular pipe lines, schematically represented in the drawing by centrelines.
  • the tubular pipe lines of the inner channel wall 3 are welded together—e.g., directly or via fins—to form a gastight wall.
  • a cooling medium, such as water flows through the pipe lines of the channel wall 3 .
  • the inner channel wall 3 encloses a set of four schematically represented nested coaxial heat exchange surfaces 5 a, 5 b, 5 c, and 5 d. In practice, two or more may be used—for example heat exchange surfaces 5 a and 5 b . Like the inner channel wall 3 , the heat exchange surfaces 5 a - d are built of parallel tubular lines. Optionally, the tubular lines of the heat exchange surfaces 5 a - d can be helically wound.
  • the inner channel wall or membrane 3 defines a central channel 4 a for hot gas flowing downwards along the heat exchange surfaces 5 a - d towards a discharge.
  • the cooled gas can enter the annular space 4 b between the inner channel wall 3 and the outer wall 2 . Coolant flowing through the pipe lines of inner channel wall 3 isolates the cool gas in the annular channel 4 b from the hot gas in the central channel 4 a.
  • each inner heat exchange surface 5 b - d extends past the lower end 6 of the adjacent outer heat exchange surface 5 a - c , respectively. This way, each individual heat exchange surface 5 a - d can be cleaned individually by using rapper devices (not shown).
  • coolant discharge lines 7 are provided between the inner channel wall 3 and the outer channel wall 2 , as schematically shown in FIG. 1B .
  • the discharge end 8 of the lines 7 passes the outer wall 2 to form a connection to a coolant discharge.
  • the discharge lines 7 In line with the discharge lines 7 , and at a distance below these discharge lines 7 , are four supply lines 9 .
  • the upper ends 10 of the supply lines 9 pass through the outer wall 2 to form a connection to a coolant supply.
  • Coolant feed lines 16 connect the supply lines 9 to the heat exchange surfaces 5 a - d .
  • the arrangement of the supply lines and discharge lines can also be reversed depending on the cooling media.
  • a horizontal support cross 20 has four arms 21 extending from a central crossing 22 to a corresponding coolant discharge line 7 .
  • the support cross 20 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2A and 2B .
  • Parallel inner channels 23 run through the arms 21 , each inner channel 23 being in open connection with the flow paths in the heat exchange surfaces 5 a - d .
  • the inner channels 23 are evenly distributed over the corresponding arm 21 .
  • the top side of each of the heat exchange surfaces 5 a - d comprises two vertical line sections 19 , axially symmetrically arranged, extending vertically towards the support cross 20 , where they are connected to the embedded inner channels 23 , as shown in FIG. 1A .
  • Each arm 21 comprises a first and a second lower arm part 24 , 25 respectively, and an upper arm part 26 .
  • first lower arm part 24 equidistantly arranged parallel flow paths 27 have a first part 27 a extending upwardly to a first corner 27 b and a second section 27 c extending in the direction of the crossing section 22 .
  • the flow paths 28 in the second lower arm parts 25 have a first horizontal section 28 a in line with the respective flow paths 27 c in the first part 24 extending to a second corner 28 b, and a second section 28 c extending upwardly from the second corner 28 b.
  • the flow paths 29 in the upper arm parts 26 have a first vertical section 29 a in line with the respective flow paths 28 in the second lower arm part 25 extending upwardly to a third corner 29 b, and a second section 29 c extending from the third corner 29 b away from the crossing section 22 .
  • extension parts 30 are rectangular parts with equidistantly arranged inner channels 31 embedded in line with the horizontal channel sections 28 c in the upper arm parts 26 .
  • Blocks 32 are attached to both sides of the extension part 30 .
  • the blocks 32 are in line with the inner channel wall 3 and have the same curvature.
  • the blocks 32 are provided with inner channels 33 which are operatively connected to the tubular lines 4 in the channel wall 3 .
  • FIG. 3 shows in side view an alternative support cross 40 for a heat exchanger according to the present invention.
  • the support cross comprises four arms 41 of equal length forming a cross with a centre part 42 .
  • Each arm 41 is made of four sections: a lower main section 43 , a lower central section 44 , an upper centre section 45 and an upper main section 46 .
  • Inner channels 47 a and 47 b are embedded in the lower main section 43 with a vertically extending channel section 47 a at the lower side of the lower main section 43 and a horizontally extending channel section 47 b , extending to a lateral side of the lower main section 43 .
  • Three of the channel sections 47 b extend towards the adjacent lower central section 44 .
  • the upper one of channels sections 47 b has its upper longitudinal half formed as a pipeline in a rectangular cut-out 48 in the lower main section 43 .
  • Inner channels 49 a and 49 b are embedded in the lower central section 44 , having horizontal channel sections 49 a connected at one end to the channel sections 47 b in the lower main section 43 , and to vertical channel sections 49 b at their other end.
  • the lower central section 44 is mirrored by the upper central section 45 , which embeds inner channels 50 a and 50 b, with vertical sections 50 a in line with the vertical inner channels sections 49 b in lower central section 44 .
  • Horizontal channels sections 50 b lead from the vertical channel sections 50 a to the side of the upper central section 45 opposite the centre 22 .
  • the upper main section 46 is made of three horizontal parallel pipe lines 51 operatively connected to the horizontal channel sections 50 b in upper central section 45 .
  • the pipe lines 51 lead to an extension block 52 with three inner channels 53 connected to the pipe lines 51 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a heat exchange device 60 similar to the heat exchange device of FIGS. 1A and 1B .
  • the same reference numbers are used for parts that are the same in both embodiments.
  • the heat exchange device in FIG. 4 comprises two bundles 61 , 62 in line above one another of four nested heat exchange surfaces 61 a - d , 62 a - d . Because of the double weight that has to be supported a support cross 63 is used which is thicker than the support cross 20 in FIG. 1A .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US13/382,311 2009-07-09 2010-07-06 Heat exchanger Abandoned US20120125567A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09165009 2009-07-09
EP09165009.3 2009-07-09
PCT/EP2010/059605 WO2011003889A2 (en) 2009-07-09 2010-07-06 Heat exchanger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120125567A1 true US20120125567A1 (en) 2012-05-24

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ID=41280445

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/382,311 Abandoned US20120125567A1 (en) 2009-07-09 2010-07-06 Heat exchanger

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120125567A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP2452145B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2012533042A (ko)
KR (1) KR20120046236A (ko)
CN (1) CN102472591B (ko)
AU (1) AU2010270297B2 (ko)
WO (1) WO2011003889A2 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA201108879B (ko)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130292087A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2013-11-07 Alfons HEITMANN Gasification reactor
US20170082375A1 (en) * 2014-05-13 2017-03-23 Shell Oil Company Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104697366A (zh) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-10 夏泽文 一种表面式逆流式热交换器

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3433298A (en) * 1966-05-03 1969-03-18 Schmidt Sche Heissclampf Gmbh Heat exchanger especially for the cooling of hot gases
US4307685A (en) * 1976-09-03 1981-12-29 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Heat exchanger and especially a sodium-heated steam generator
US4469051A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-09-04 Novatome Emergency shut-off device, in case of leakage of a steam generator tube
US4552210A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-11-12 Novatome Device for producing steam by heat exchange between a heat-transfer liquid metal and feed water
US5482110A (en) * 1993-07-22 1996-01-09 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Device for cooling a deposit-forming gas
US5855241A (en) * 1997-03-24 1999-01-05 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Compact heat exchanger
US6264217B1 (en) * 1995-02-06 2001-07-24 Neil Liebenberg Trolley and a wheel assembly for such a trolley

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CA1040025A (en) * 1968-01-24 1978-10-10 Raytheon Company Heat transfer structure
JPS5234780B2 (ko) * 1974-05-13 1977-09-05
JPS5762391A (en) * 1980-10-01 1982-04-15 Toyo Eng Corp Reaction heat recovery process
DE4026096A1 (de) * 1990-08-17 1992-04-16 Zimmer Ag Glattrohrschlangen-waermetauscher hoher heizflaechendichte
JP2588082Y2 (ja) * 1993-08-09 1999-01-06 瀬尾高圧工業株式会社 熱交換器における伝熱管
GB2409825B (en) * 2004-01-08 2007-06-13 Statoil Asa Heat exchange system for a slurry bubble column reactor
CN100483059C (zh) * 2005-05-16 2009-04-29 夏泽文 一种流道逆流式热交换器
US8684070B2 (en) * 2006-08-15 2014-04-01 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Compact radial platen arrangement for radiant syngas cooler
CN201170703Y (zh) * 2007-12-19 2008-12-24 中国蓝星（集团）总公司 一种换热管束支撑装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3433298A (en) * 1966-05-03 1969-03-18 Schmidt Sche Heissclampf Gmbh Heat exchanger especially for the cooling of hot gases
US4307685A (en) * 1976-09-03 1981-12-29 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Heat exchanger and especially a sodium-heated steam generator
US4552210A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-11-12 Novatome Device for producing steam by heat exchange between a heat-transfer liquid metal and feed water
US4469051A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-09-04 Novatome Emergency shut-off device, in case of leakage of a steam generator tube
US5482110A (en) * 1993-07-22 1996-01-09 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Device for cooling a deposit-forming gas
US6264217B1 (en) * 1995-02-06 2001-07-24 Neil Liebenberg Trolley and a wheel assembly for such a trolley
US5855241A (en) * 1997-03-24 1999-01-05 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Compact heat exchanger

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130292087A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2013-11-07 Alfons HEITMANN Gasification reactor
US9267744B2 (en) * 2010-08-30 2016-02-23 Shell Oil Company Gasification reactor with a heat exchange unit provided with one or more fouling protection devices
US20170082375A1 (en) * 2014-05-13 2017-03-23 Shell Oil Company Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof
US10408542B2 (en) * 2014-05-13 2019-09-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2010270297A1 (en) 2012-01-19
KR20120046236A (ko) 2012-05-09
JP2012533042A (ja) 2012-12-20
EP2452145A2 (en) 2012-05-16
CN102472591A (zh) 2012-05-23
WO2011003889A2 (en) 2011-01-13
WO2011003889A3 (en) 2011-03-10
AU2010270297B2 (en) 2013-12-05
CN102472591B (zh) 2014-07-23
EP2452145B1 (en) 2019-03-06
ZA201108879B (en) 2012-09-26

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SHELL OIL COMPANY, TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VON KOSSAK-GLOWCZEWSKI, THOMAS PAUL;REEL/FRAME:027661/0739

Effective date: 20120119

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION