US20120048731A1 - Water electrolysis system - Google Patents

Water electrolysis system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120048731A1
US20120048731A1 US13/218,511 US201113218511A US2012048731A1 US 20120048731 A1 US20120048731 A1 US 20120048731A1 US 201113218511 A US201113218511 A US 201113218511A US 2012048731 A1 US2012048731 A1 US 2012048731A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
pressure
reservoir
water electrolysis
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/218,511
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English (en)
Inventor
Eiji HARYU
Masanori Okabe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honda Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Honda Motor Co Ltd
Assigned to HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Haryu, Eiji, OKABE, MASANORI
Publication of US20120048731A1 publication Critical patent/US20120048731A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/05—Pressure cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water electrolysis system.
  • Hydrogen gas is used, for example, as a fuel gas to generate electric power with a fuel cell.
  • the hydrogen gas is produced by using a water electrolysis apparatus.
  • the water electrolysis apparatus uses a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (ion exchange membrane) to decompose water and generate hydrogen (and oxygen).
  • the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layers disposed on both sides thereof constitute a membrane electrode assembly.
  • the membrane electrode assembly and an anode feeder and a cathode feeder disposed on both sides thereof constitute a unit cell.
  • a voltage is applied to both ends of a stack of such unit cells, and water is supplied to the anode feeder. Then, on the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly, the water is decomposed and hydrogen ions (protons) are generated. The hydrogen ions pass through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane to the cathode side and combine with electrons to generate hydrogen. On the anode side, oxygen is generated together with the hydrogen ions (protons) and the oxygen is discharged from the unit cell together with residual water.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-2913805 describes as a water circulation unit of a water electrolysis apparatus (water electrolysis system).
  • a water electrolysis apparatus water electrolysis system
  • an oxygen-side water tank 1 and a hydrogen-side water tank 2 are disposed above a water electrolysis cell 3 , so that water is naturally supplied to the water electrolysis cell 3 through water supply pipes 4 a and 4 b due to gravity.
  • a power supply 5 is configured to be switched on and off by a thyristor, so that the amount gas generated by electrolysis and the interval of gas generation are adjustable.
  • Water supply channels 6 a and 6 b for supplying water are connected to the oxygen-side water tank 1 and the hydrogen-side water tank 2 , respectively. Generated gases lift water in discharge pipes 7 a and 7 b.
  • a water electrolysis system includes a high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus, a water circulation apparatus and a vapor-liquid separation apparatus.
  • the high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus generates oxygen on an anode side and generates hydrogen on a cathode side by electrolyzing water.
  • the high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes an electrolyte membrane and power feeders sandwiching the electrolyte membrane therebetween.
  • the hydrogen has a pressure higher than a pressure of the oxygen.
  • the water circulation apparatus circulates the water to the high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus.
  • the vapor-liquid separation apparatus separates a gas component discharged from the anode side of the high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus from the water in the water circulation apparatus.
  • the vapor-liquid separation apparatus includes a reservoir, a blower and a movable wall.
  • the reservoir has an inlet port in a lower part thereof through which the gas component from the high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus and the water is introduced.
  • the blower supplies dilution air to the reservoir from an upper part of the reservoir.
  • the movable wall is disposed in the reservoir. The movable wall is vertically movable in accordance with a water level in the reservoir and allows the gas component to pass therethrough
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water electrolysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a unit cell of the water electrolysis system.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of a reservoir of the water electrolysis system.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of the reservoir.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of water electrolysis system described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-291385.
  • a water electrolysis system 10 includes a high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 , a water circulation unit 14 , a vapor-liquid separation unit 16 , a water supply unit 18 , and a controller 20 .
  • the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 generates oxygen and high-pressure hydrogen (hydrogen having a pressure higher than that of oxygen) by electrolyzing water (pure water).
  • the water circulation unit 14 circulates the water to the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 .
  • the vapor-liquid separation unit 16 separates gas components (oxygen gas and hydrogen gas) discharged from the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 from water in the water circulation unit 14 , and stores the water.
  • the water supply unit 18 supplies pure water, which has been made from commercial water, to the vapor-liquid separation unit 16 .
  • the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 includes a stack of unit cells 24 . At one end of the stack of the unit cells 24 in the stacking direction, a terminal plate 26 a , an insulation plate 28 a , and an end plate 30 a are arranged outward in this order. Likewise, at the other end of the stack of the unit cells 24 in the stacking direction, a terminal plate 26 b , an insulation plate 28 b , and an end plate 30 b are arranged outward in this order. The unit cells 24 are clamped between the end plates 30 a and 30 b.
  • Terminals 34 a and 34 b protrude from one sides of the terminal plates 26 a and 26 b , respectively.
  • the terminals 34 a and 34 b are connected to a power supply (DC power supply) 38 through electric wires 36 a and 36 b.
  • the unit cell 24 includes a membrane electrode assembly 42 having a disk-like shape, and an anode separator 44 and a cathode separator 46 that sandwich the membrane electrode assembly 42 therebetween.
  • the anode separator 44 and the cathode separator 46 have a disk-like shape and is made of, for example, a carbon material or a metal plate.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 42 includes a solid-polymer electrolyte membrane 48 , and an anode feeder 50 and a cathode feeder 52 that sandwich the solid-polymer electrolyte membrane 48 therebetween.
  • the solid-polymer electrolyte membrane 48 is, for example, a thin film made of a perfluorosulfonate polymer that is impregnated with water.
  • An anode electrode catalyst layer 50 a and a cathode electrode catalyst layer 52 a are formed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 48 .
  • the anode electrode catalyst layer 50 a is made of, for example, a ruthenium (Ru) catalyst
  • the cathode electrode catalyst layer 52 a is made of, for example, a platinum catalyst.
  • the anode feeder 50 and the cathode feeder 52 are made of, for example, a sintered compact (porous conductor) of spherical atomized titanium powder.
  • a water inlet manifold 56 In the outer peripheral portion of the unit cell 24 , a water inlet manifold 56 , an outlet manifold 58 , and a hydrogen manifold 60 extend in the stacking direction. Water (pure water) is supplied through the water inlet manifold 56 . Oxygen generated by reaction and unreacted water (mixture fluid) are discharged through the outlet manifold 58 . Hydrogen generated by reaction passes through the hydrogen manifold 60 .
  • an inlet passage 62 a that is connected to the water inlet manifold 56 and an outlet passage 62 b that is connected to the outlet manifold 58 are provided.
  • a first channel 64 that is connected to the inlet passage 62 a and to the outlet passage 62 b is provided.
  • the first channel 64 is provided on an area of the surface 44 a that corresponds to the surface area of the anode feeder 50 .
  • the first channel 64 includes channel grooves, embosses, and the like.
  • a hydrogen outlet channel 66 that is connected to the hydrogen manifold 60 is provided on a surface 46 a of the cathode separator 46 facing the membrane electrode assembly 42 .
  • a second channel 68 that is connected to the hydrogen outlet channel 66 is provided on the surface 46 a .
  • the second channel 68 is provided on an area of the surface 46 a that corresponds to the surface area of the cathode feeder 52 .
  • the second channel 68 includes channel grooves, embosses, and the like.
  • Sealing members 70 a and 70 b are integrally formed so as to surround the outer peripheral end portions of the anode separator 44 and the cathode separator 46 .
  • the sealing members 70 a and 70 b are made of a sealing material, a cushioning material, or a packing material, such as EPDM, NBR, a fluorocarbon rubber, a silicone rubber, a fluorosilicone rubber, a butyl rubber, a natural rubber, a styrene rubber, a chloroprene rubber, or an acrylic rubber.
  • the water circulation unit 14 includes a circulation pipe 72 that is connected to the water inlet manifold 56 of the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 .
  • a circulation pump 74 and an ion exchanger 76 are disposed along the circulation pipe 72 .
  • the circulation pipe 72 is connected to an outlet port 78 a formed at the bottom of a reservoir 78 of the vapor-liquid separation unit 16 .
  • One end of a return pipe 80 is connected to an inlet port 78 b at the bottom of the reservoir 78 .
  • the other end of the return pipe 80 is connected to the outlet manifold 58 of the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 .
  • One end of a pure-water supply pipe 84 , one end of a blower pipe 87 , and an oxygen outlet pipe 88 are connected to the reservoir 78 .
  • the other end of the pure-water supply pipe 84 is connected to the water supply unit 18 .
  • the other end of the blower pipe 87 is connected to a blower 86 that supplies dilution air.
  • the oxygen outlet pipe 88 serves to discharge gas components (oxygen gas and hydrogen gas) separated from pure water in the reservoir 78 .
  • a movable wall 90 is disposed in the reservoir 78 .
  • the movable wall 90 is vertically movable in accordance with the position of the water surface WS in the reservoir 78 , and allows gas components to pass therethrough.
  • the movable wall 90 includes a porous sheet 92 and a plurality of (for example, four) floats 94 .
  • the porous sheet 92 has a rectangular (, square, or circular) shape that corresponds to the shape of the reservoir 78 .
  • the floats 94 support the porous sheet 92 and float on the water surface WS.
  • the floats 94 are made of, for example, a ferrous material (a stainless steel), titanium, or the like.
  • the porous sheet 92 is made of, for example, a metal mesh or a perforated metal plate.
  • the porosity of the porous sheet 92 is set such that the pressure of gas components that are discharged from the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 and that pass through the porous sheet 92 from the water surface WS side toward a space SP side is higher than the gas pressure on the space SP side of the reservoir 78 to which the blower 86 supplies air.
  • the pressure loss ⁇ PH2+O2 that occurs due to the flow of oxygen that is generated by the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 and the flow of hydrogen that passes through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 48 is set larger than the pressure loss ⁇ PALL due to the total gas flow after dilution by the blower 86 ( ⁇ PH2+O2> ⁇ PALL) is performed.
  • one end of a high-pressure hydrogen pipe 96 is connected to the hydrogen manifold 60 of the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 .
  • the other end of the high-pressure hydrogen pipe 96 is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen supply unit (such as a fuel tank or a fuel cell vehicle, not shown).
  • pure water which has been generated from commercial water
  • the circulation pump 74 operates to circulate water from the reservoir 78 through the circulation pipe 72 to the water inlet manifold 56 of the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 .
  • the power supply 38 A applies a voltage to the terminals 34 a and 34 b of the terminal plates 26 a and 26 b.
  • each unit cell 24 water is supplied through the water inlet manifold 56 to the first channel 64 of the anode separator 44 , and the water flows along the anode feeder 50 .
  • the hydrogen flows along the second channel 68 formed between the cathode separator 46 and the cathode feeder 52 .
  • the hydrogen has a pressure higher than the pressure in the water inlet manifold 56 , and the hydrogen flows through the hydrogen manifold 60 and is output from the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 through the high-pressure hydrogen pipe 96 .
  • the hydrogen in the second channel 68 has a pressure higher that that of the mixture fluid in the first channel 64 , so that a part of the hydrogen passes through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 48 and leaks to the first channel 64 .
  • Unreacted water and gas components oxygen gas and the hydrogen gas that has passed through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 48 ) are introduced into the reservoir 78 and separated from each other, and the water is circulated by the circulation pump 74 through the circulation pipe 72 and the ion exchanger 76 to the water inlet manifold 56 .
  • the gas components separated from the water are diluted with dilution air supplied by the blower 86 , and discharged to the outside through the oxygen outlet pipe 88 .
  • the movable wall 90 which is vertically movable in accordance with the position of the water surface WS in the reservoir 78 and allows gas components to pass therethrough, is disposed in the reservoir 78 .
  • the pressure loss ⁇ PH2+O2 that occurs due to the flow of oxygen that is generated by the high-pressure water electrolysis unit 12 and the flow of hydrogen that passes through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 48 is set larger than the pressure loss ⁇ PALL that occurs due to the total gas flow after being diluted by the blower 86 .
  • the gas components that are introduced into the lower side of the reservoir 78 pass through the porous sheet 92 to the upper side (the space SP side) of the reservoir 78 . Then, the gas components are diluted with dilution air and discharged to the outside through the oxygen outlet pipe 88 . Therefore, the gas components introduced into the reservoir 78 are significantly diluted and then discharged to the outside.
  • the dilution air supplied to the reservoir 78 does not pass through the movable wall 90 from the space SP side to the water surface WS side.
  • the area of contact between the dilution air and the pure water in the reservoir 78 is significantly reduced, whereby dissolution of carbonate ions or the like in the pure water is prevented. Therefore, deterioration of an ion-exchange resin (not shown) of the ion exchanger 76 of the water circulation unit 14 is reliably prevented, which is economically efficient.
  • the movable wall 90 is vertically movable due to the floats 94 in accordance with the position of the water surface WS in the reservoir 78 . Therefore, there is no space between the water surface WS and the movable wall 90 in which a mixture of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is retained, so that disposal of the mixture gas is not necessary.
  • a water electrolysis system includes a high-pressure water electrolysis unit including an electrolyte membrane and power feeders sandwiching the electrolyte membrane therebetween, the high-pressure water electrolysis unit generating oxygen on an anode side and generating hydrogen an a cathode side by electrolyzing water, the hydrogen having a pressure higher than a pressure of the oxygen; a water circulation unit that circulates the water to the high-pressure water electrolysis unit; and a vapor-liquid separation unit that separates a gas component discharged from the anode side of the high-pressure water electrolysis unit from the water in the water circulation unit.
  • the vapor-liquid separation unit includes a reservoir having an inlet port in a lower part thereof through which the gas component from the high-pressure water electrolysis unit and the water is introduced, a blower that supplies dilution air to the reservoir from an upper part of the reservoir, and a movable wall disposed in the reservoir, the movable wall being vertically movable in accordance with a water level in the reservoir and allowing the gas component to pass therethrough.
  • the movable wall include a porous sheet for setting a gas pressure of the gas component, the gas component being discharged from the high-pressure water electrolysis unit and that passes through the movable wall from a water surface side to a space side, at a pressure higher than a gas pressure on the space side of the reservoir to which the air is supplied from the blower.
  • the movable wall include a float that floats on the water and supports the porous sheet.
  • gas components oxygen gas and hydrogen gas that have been introduced into the reservoir are significantly diluted and discharged to the outside.
  • the movable wall which allows the gas components to pass therethrough, is disposed in the reservoir. Therefore, the area of contact between the dilution air and the pure water in the reservoir is significantly reduced, whereby dissolution of carbonate ions or the like in the pure water is prevented. As a result, deterioration of an ion-exchange resin in an ion exchanger of the water circulation unit is reliably prevented.
  • the movable wall is vertically movable in accordance with the water level in the reservoir. Therefore, between the water surface and the movable wall, there is no space in which a mixture of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is retained, so that disposal of the mixture gas is not necessary.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US13/218,511 2010-08-27 2011-08-26 Water electrolysis system Abandoned US20120048731A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010190539A JP5140123B2 (ja) 2010-08-27 2010-08-27 水電解システム
JP2010-190539 2010-08-27

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JP (1) JP5140123B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN102383140A (ja)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014083509A2 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-06-05 Datech Asia Limited Electrolysis gas generating apparatus
US10053785B2 (en) * 2013-04-19 2018-08-21 H-Tec Systems Gmbh Electrolysis device and method for operating an electrolysis device
DE102022106498A1 (de) 2021-04-08 2022-10-13 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Elektrolyseur für die Wasserelektrolyse und Verfahren zur Wasserelektrolyse

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11479868B2 (en) * 2017-09-07 2022-10-25 De Nora Permelec Ltd Electrolytic device
JP2019203174A (ja) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 本田技研工業株式会社 水電解システムの運転方法及び水電解システム

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2761771A (en) * 1951-10-13 1956-09-04 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Gas storage vessel
US6712944B2 (en) * 2000-07-20 2004-03-30 Proton Energy Systems, Inc. Gas/liquid phase separator for electrolysis cell
US6984304B2 (en) * 1997-03-31 2006-01-10 Lynntech International, Ltd. Generation and delivery device for ozone gas and ozone dissolved in water
US7226529B2 (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-06-05 General Motors Corporation Electrolyzer system to produce gas at high pressure
US20110114569A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2011-05-19 Samsung Heavy Ind. Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method for treating ballast water

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JPH09291385A (ja) * 1996-04-26 1997-11-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 水電解装置の水循環装置
JP4156884B2 (ja) * 2002-09-06 2008-09-24 本田技研工業株式会社 水電解水素ガス製造装置
JP2004277870A (ja) * 2003-03-19 2004-10-07 Fuji Electric Advanced Technology Co Ltd 水電解装置の運転方法
KR100900914B1 (ko) * 2008-12-05 2009-06-03 황부성 수소산소 혼합가스 발생시스템

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2761771A (en) * 1951-10-13 1956-09-04 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Gas storage vessel
US6984304B2 (en) * 1997-03-31 2006-01-10 Lynntech International, Ltd. Generation and delivery device for ozone gas and ozone dissolved in water
US6712944B2 (en) * 2000-07-20 2004-03-30 Proton Energy Systems, Inc. Gas/liquid phase separator for electrolysis cell
US7226529B2 (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-06-05 General Motors Corporation Electrolyzer system to produce gas at high pressure
US20110114569A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2011-05-19 Samsung Heavy Ind. Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method for treating ballast water

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
English Translation of Japanese Reference to Hiroshi (JP 2005-187916) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014083509A2 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-06-05 Datech Asia Limited Electrolysis gas generating apparatus
WO2014083509A3 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-10-23 Datech Asia Limited Electrolysis gas generating apparatus
US10053785B2 (en) * 2013-04-19 2018-08-21 H-Tec Systems Gmbh Electrolysis device and method for operating an electrolysis device
DE102022106498A1 (de) 2021-04-08 2022-10-13 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Elektrolyseur für die Wasserelektrolyse und Verfahren zur Wasserelektrolyse

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CN102383140A (zh) 2012-03-21
JP5140123B2 (ja) 2013-02-06
JP2012046797A (ja) 2012-03-08

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