US20120012280A1 - Device and method for generating steam with a high level of efficiency - Google Patents

Device and method for generating steam with a high level of efficiency Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120012280A1
US20120012280A1 US13/138,700 US201013138700A US2012012280A1 US 20120012280 A1 US20120012280 A1 US 20120012280A1 US 201013138700 A US201013138700 A US 201013138700A US 2012012280 A1 US2012012280 A1 US 2012012280A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
transfer medium
heat transfer
steam generator
heat
generator
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Abandoned
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US13/138,700
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Gromoll
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GROMOLL, BERND
Publication of US20120012280A1 publication Critical patent/US20120012280A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • Described below is the generation of steam in a steam generator using a thermal generator which is connected upstream to the steam generator.
  • the thermal energy which is stored in the waste heat, and which would otherwise be lost, can thus be advantageously utilized so that the effective efficiency of the entire industrial process can be increased.
  • an operating medium is evaporated in a known manner and then fed to a turbine, for example, which is coupled to an electric generator.
  • a heated heat transfer medium is fed to the steam generator, wherein the heat which is stored in the heat transfer medium is transferred to the operating medium, which results in evaporation of the operating medium.
  • this heat transfer medium is heated by using the waste heat.
  • only a medium temperature level of the heat transfer medium in an order of magnitude of about 60° C. to 200° C. can typically be achieved. The efficiency during the steam generation, based on the waste heat of an industrial process, is therefore comparatively poor.
  • a geothermal plant can also serve as a heat source, in which the heat transfer medium is pumped in a known manner into a deep well so as to heat up the heat transfer medium using the earth's heat. Also in this case, the heat transfer medium which is extracted from the deep well is only at a medium temperature level.
  • the thermal energy which is stored in the heat transfer medium can be used for steam generation, as described above, but the efficiency of the steam generation is comparatively poor in this case also.
  • a thermal generator also referred to in the literature as a “heat transformer”, for increasing the temperature of a heat transfer medium which brings about the evaporation of an operating medium.
  • a thermal generator generally serves for generating heat at a high temperature level by feeding heat at a medium temperature level and discharging heat at a low temperature level.
  • a primary heat transfer medium at a medium temperature level is fed to a thermal generator.
  • this primary heat transfer medium may have been brought to a medium temperature by utilizing a heat source like the mentioned waste heat line of an industrial plant or like the geothermal plant.
  • a secondary heat transfer medium inter alia can then be extracted from the thermal generator or heat transformer, the temperature of which is higher than that of the primary heat transfer medium.
  • the operating principle of the thermal generator is known from DE 35 21 195 A1 or from DE 198 16 022 B4, for example, therefore is not explained further at this point.
  • thermal generator With the thermal generator, it is therefore possible to utilize the heat which is stored in the primary heat transfer medium in order to heat the secondary heat transfer medium. With the now comparatively hot second heat transfer medium, an operating medium can then be heated or evaporated with a comparatively high level of efficiency in a steam generator.
  • thermal energy is transferred from a heat transfer medium to the operating medium in a heat exchanger of the steam generator. Owing to the fact that the temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased in a thermal generator before the heat transfer medium is fed to the heat exchanger, a high level of efficiency of steam generation can be ensured.
  • Thermal energy is fed to the thermal generator by an additional heat transfer medium, wherein the temperature of the additional heat transfer medium is increased in a residual or waste heat-producing industrial plant by utilizing the residual or waste heat before the additional heat transfer medium reaches the thermal generator.
  • thermal energy is fed to the thermal generator by an additional heat transfer medium.
  • the temperature of the additional heat transfer medium is increased in a geothermal plant by utilizing the earth's heat before the additional heat transfer medium is fed to the thermal generator so that the earth's heat can be effectively utilized to generate steam.
  • the temperature of the additional heat transfer medium which is fed to the thermal generator is lower in the two embodiments than the temperature of the heat transfer medium which is fed to the heat exchanger of the steam generator.
  • thermal energy can be transferred from a heat transfer medium to the operating medium in the heat exchanger for evaporating the operating medium.
  • the device furthermore has a thermal generator for increasing the temperature of the heat transfer medium.
  • Thermal energy can be fed to the thermal generator by an additional heat transfer medium.
  • the temperature of the additional heat transfer medium can be increased in a residual heat or waste heat-producing industrial plant, by utilizing the residual heat or waste heat, before the additional heat transfer medium is fed to the thermal generator. As a result of this, the effect is achieved of the otherwise lost residual heat or waste heat of the industrial plant being able to be utilized for generating steam.
  • thermal energy can be fed to the thermal generator by an additional heat transfer medium.
  • the temperature of the additional heat transfer medium can be increased in a geothermal plant, by utilizing the earth's heat, before the additional heat transfer medium is fed to the thermal generator, so that the earth's heat can be effectively utilized for steam generation.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating waste heat utilization for steam generation according to the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a first exemplary application of a thermal generator for waste heat utilization of an industrial plant
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a second exemplary application of a thermal generator for utilizing the heat which is produced in a geothermal plant.
  • FIG. 1 shows an already known possibility for utilizing the waste heat of an industrial plant 100 , for example a steelworks, for evaporating an operating medium A of a steam generator 200 .
  • Installed in a merely indicated waste heat line 110 of the steelworks 100 is a heat exchanger 120 which is exposed to throughflow by a heat transfer medium W.
  • the temperature of the heat transfer medium W is increased in the heat exchanger 120 from a temperature T 1 (W) to a temperature T 2 (W).
  • the heated heat transfer medium W delivered by a pump 140 , finds its way, via a line 130 , to a heat exchanger 220 of the steam generator 200 .
  • the heat exchanger 220 is also exposed to throughflow by the operating medium A which is to be evaporated.
  • a transfer of heat from the heat transfer medium W to the operating medium A takes place, wherein the operating medium A is heated and evaporated while the temperature of the heat transfer medium W correspondingly drops.
  • the cooled heat transfer medium W finds its way, via a line 150 , back to the heat exchanger 120 in the waste heat line 110 of the steelworks 100 in order to be reheated there.
  • the operating medium A which is evaporated in the heat exchanger 220 of the steam generator is fed, via a line 230 , to a turbine 240 and drives this.
  • the turbine 240 is finally connected to a generator 250 for electricity generation so that electricity can ultimately be generated in a known manner per se by utilizing the waste heat of the steelworks 100 .
  • the operating medium A which is expanded in the turbine 240 is typically directed, downstream to the turbine 240 , via a line 260 , to a cooler 270 in order to then be delivered again by a pump 280 to the heat exchanger 220 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a first application of the approach.
  • a waste heat line 110 of an industrial plant 100 for a heat exchanger 120 in which the waste heat of the industrial plant 100 is utilized in order to heat a primary heat transfer medium W 1 from one temperature T 1 (W 1 ) to a higher temperature T 2 (W 1 ).
  • the heated primary heat transfer medium W 1 finds its way, via a line 130 , to an inlet 301 of a thermal generator 300 .
  • the thermal generator 300 can utilize the heat which is stored in the waste heat flow of the industrial plant 100 and is at a relatively low temperature T 1 of about 60° C. to 80° C., in order to increase the temperature of a secondary heat transfer medium W 2 which is used in a process connected downstream to the thermal generator 300 , for example steam generation, in order to increase in its turn the temperature of an operating medium A of the downstream process, especially to evaporate the operating medium A.
  • the primary heat transfer medium W 1 passes through the thermal generator 300 , wherein it cools down in the processes which take place there and can finally be extracted at an outlet 302 . From the outlet 302 , the primary heat transfer medium W 1 finds its way, via the line 150 , back to the heat exchanger 120 in the waste heat line 110 of the industrial plant 100 in order to be reheated there.
  • the secondary heat transfer medium W 2 is fed to the thermal generator 300 via an inlet 303 .
  • the secondary heat transfer medium W 2 is finally heated from one temperature T 1 (W 2 ) to a temperature T 2 (W 2 ) by utilizing the heat of the primary heat transfer medium W 1 .
  • the thus heated secondary heat transfer medium W 2 is now extracted at the outlet 304 of the thermal generator 300 and by a pump 310 is fed, via a line 210 , to the heat exchanger 220 of the steam generator 200 .
  • the heat exchanger 220 as described in conjunction with FIG. 1 , the evaporation of the operating medium A of the steam generator 200 is carried out so that with the turbine 240 and the generator 250 electricity can be generated as a result.
  • the secondary heat transfer medium W 2 cools down and is then fed again, via a line 290 , to the inlet 303 of the thermal generator 300 where it is reheated.
  • the thermal generator 300 On account of using the thermal generator 300 , the efficiency of the steam or electricity generation is higher than in the case of the plant which is described in conjunction with FIG. 1 and known from the related art.
  • the thermal generator is effectively connected between the waste heat line of the industrial plant and the steam generator and has the effect of the heat transfer medium which is fed to the steam generator having a higher temperature.
  • a thermal generator generally serves for generating heat at a high temperature level by feeding heat at a medium temperature level and discharging heat at a low temperature level.
  • the medium which is fed via the inlet 305 and can be extracted at the outlet 306 serves for discharging heat at the low temperature level.
  • heat is supplied at a medium temperature level and the secondary heat transfer medium W 2 discharges heat at a high temperature level and transports this to the heat exchanger 220 of the steam generator 200 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a second application of the approach.
  • the primary heat transfer medium W 1 which was previously brought to an increased temperature T 2 (W 1 ) by the waste heat of an industrial plant, in this case is heated up in a geothermal plant 400 .
  • the geothermics utilize the heat which is stored in the earth's crust.
  • a heat exchanger 410 is positioned at a specific depth and is exposed to throughflow by a primary heat transfer medium W 1 so that the increased temperature which prevails there can be utilized in order to increase the temperature T(W 1 ) of the primary heat transfer medium W 1 to a value of T 2 (W 1 ).
  • the thus heated primary heat transfer medium W 1 is delivered by a pump 420 , via a line 430 , to an inlet 301 of a thermal generator 300 .
  • the thermal generator 300 is used to heat a secondary heat transfer medium W 2 from one temperature T 1 (W 2 ) to a higher temperature T 2 (W 2 ), based on the heat which is stored in the primary heat transfer medium W 1 .
  • the heated heat transfer medium W 2 is then used in a steam generator 200 for steam and electricity generation, similarly to the method described in conjunction with FIG. 2 .
  • the industrial plant can basically be a plant in which residual or waste heat accumulates, i.e. for example a steelworks, a cement works, a paper producer or the like.
  • the waste heat which is produced in power plants and accumulates for example, in the flue gases after combusting the fuel and/or downstream of the turbine, contains large energy reserves, especially in the form of residual heat.
  • the residual heat can be utilized according to the method to heat the primary heat transfer medium, described above, which is fed to the thermal generator. This is used to bring the secondary heat transfer medium to a higher temperature.
  • the combustion air for example, which is required in the power plant for combustion, can then be preheated in order to bring about a more effective combustion.
  • the secondary heat transfer medium can be used to generate electricity in a steam generator, as described above, for items of equipment of the power plant, for example pumps.
  • the steam generator 200 which is shown in the figures may be a waste heat steam generator (WHSG or HRSG, “heat recovery steam generator”), a Kalina steam generator, or an ORC steam generator, for example.
  • WHSG waste heat steam generator
  • HRSG heat recovery steam generator
  • ORC steam generator ORC steam generator
  • the operating medium which is to be evaporated has a low boiling point in comparison to water.
  • Kalina process describes a method for steam generation at a low temperature level, wherein the operating medium which is to be evaporated is not water but an ammonia-water mixture which already evaporates at low temperatures.
  • ORC process in which an organic liquid with low evaporation temperature is used as the operating medium which is to be evaporated.
  • the ORC process and the Kalina process are certainly both suitable for steam generation by utilizing heat of a heat transfer medium at a low or medium temperature level.
  • the efficiency during the steam generation is very much dependent upon the temperature of the heat source or of the heat transfer medium.
  • the Carnot efficiency is increased threefold if the temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased from 60° C. to 120° C. Raising the temperature to 200° C. results in the efficiency increasing by about five times the value.
  • the use according to the method of a thermal generator which is connected upstream to the steam generator and brings the heat transfer medium to a higher temperature, therefore has a positive effect upon the efficiency.
  • the system also includes permanent or removable storage, such as magnetic and optical discs, RAM, ROM, etc. on which the process and data structures of the present invention can be stored and distributed.
  • the processes can also be distributed via, for example, downloading over a network such as the Internet.
  • the system can output the results to a display device, printer, readily accessible memory or another computer on a network.
US13/138,700 2009-03-20 2010-03-17 Device and method for generating steam with a high level of efficiency Abandoned US20120012280A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009014036.0 2009-03-20
DE102009014036A DE102009014036A1 (de) 2009-03-20 2009-03-20 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Dampf mit hohem Wirkungsgrad
PCT/EP2010/053432 WO2010106089A2 (fr) 2009-03-20 2010-03-17 Dispositif et procédé de production de vapeur avec un rendement élevé

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US20120012280A1 true US20120012280A1 (en) 2012-01-19

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US13/138,700 Abandoned US20120012280A1 (en) 2009-03-20 2010-03-17 Device and method for generating steam with a high level of efficiency

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US (1) US20120012280A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2409003A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5420750B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102362047A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009014036A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2529767C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010106089A2 (fr)

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WO2016091969A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-16 Energeotek Ab Système de fourniture d'énergie provenant d'une source géothermique
US10844753B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2020-11-24 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Boiler, steam-generating plant provided with same, and method for operating boiler
CN112413922A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-02-26 山东大学 一种充分利用中低品位工业余热的功冷联供系统及方法

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DE202009014845U1 (de) 2009-10-16 2010-10-14 Jelinek, Michael Schwerkrafttraktionstisch
JP6113687B2 (ja) * 2014-07-10 2017-04-12 株式会社育水舎アクアシステム 室外機システム
IT201900023025A1 (it) * 2019-12-05 2021-06-05 Mario Ghiringhelli Apparecchiatura di recupero calore a ciclo rankine con fluidi organici per produrre energia elettrica su una macchina per la produzione di carta tissue
CN113755658B (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-10-11 厦门大学 一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系
US11293414B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-04-05 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power in an organic rankine cycle operation
US11480074B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-10-25 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods utilizing gas temperature as a power source
US11359576B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-06-14 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods utilizing gas temperature as a power source
US11486370B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-11-01 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Modular mobile heat generation unit for generation of geothermal power in organic Rankine cycle operations
US11421663B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-08-23 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power in an organic Rankine cycle operation
US11493029B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-11-08 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
US11592009B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2023-02-28 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
US11644015B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2023-05-09 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
US11280322B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-03-22 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems for generating geothermal power in an organic Rankine cycle operation during hydrocarbon production based on wellhead fluid temperature

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US5332546A (en) * 1990-12-14 1994-07-26 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Working fluid for absorption heat pumps operating at very high temperatures
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WO2016091969A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-16 Energeotek Ab Système de fourniture d'énergie provenant d'une source géothermique
US10844753B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2020-11-24 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Boiler, steam-generating plant provided with same, and method for operating boiler
CN112413922A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-02-26 山东大学 一种充分利用中低品位工业余热的功冷联供系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2011142317A (ru) 2013-04-27
JP5420750B2 (ja) 2014-02-19
JP2012520985A (ja) 2012-09-10
WO2010106089A3 (fr) 2011-08-25
DE102009014036A1 (de) 2010-09-23
RU2529767C2 (ru) 2014-09-27
EP2409003A2 (fr) 2012-01-25
CN102362047A (zh) 2012-02-22
WO2010106089A2 (fr) 2010-09-23

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