US20110310231A1 - Stereoscopic imaging optical system, interchangeable lens apparatus, and camera system - Google Patents

Stereoscopic imaging optical system, interchangeable lens apparatus, and camera system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110310231A1
US20110310231A1 US13/160,525 US201113160525A US2011310231A1 US 20110310231 A1 US20110310231 A1 US 20110310231A1 US 201113160525 A US201113160525 A US 201113160525A US 2011310231 A1 US2011310231 A1 US 2011310231A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
image
optical system
imaging
stereoscopic imaging
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English (en)
Inventor
Shinji Yamaguchi
Michihiro Yamagata
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Panasonic Corp
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Panasonic Corp
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Assigned to PANASONIC CORPORATION reassignment PANASONIC CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YAMAGATA, MICHIHIRO, YAMAGUCHI, SHINJI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/02—Bodies
    • G03B17/12—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets
    • G03B17/14—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets interchangeably
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/08—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording
    • G03B35/10—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording having single camera with stereoscopic-base-defining system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/207—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single two-dimensional [2D] image sensor
    • H04N13/218—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single two-dimensional [2D] image sensor using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/286—Image signal generators having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stereoscopic imaging optical system used for taking a three-dimensional image, and an interchangeable lens apparatus and a camera system which employ the stereoscopic imaging optical system.
  • US Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0114231 discloses an optical system in which two images having a parallax are projected side-by-side on a film surface by using a pair of image forming lenses and a plurality of mirrors.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,269,223 discloses a camera which can take both a two-dimensional image and a three-dimensional image by changing the positions of a pair of lenses and a plurality of mirrors.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-338412 Japanese Patent No. 2627598, and Japanese Laid-Open Utility-Model Publication No. 51-163940 are related to the present application.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide: a stereoscopic imaging optical system in which two optical images having no interference with each other can be formed side-by-side on a rectangle image sensor, and which is applicable to an interchangeable-lens type digital camera system; and an interchangeable lens apparatus and a camera system, which are equipped with the stereoscopic imaging optical system.
  • the present invention relates to a stereoscopic imaging optical system for forming optical images of an object on first and second imaging areas, respectively.
  • the stereoscopic imaging optical system includes: a first lens system for forming an optical image of the object on the first imaging area; a second lens system for forming an optical image of the object on the second imaging area, the second lens system being arranged in parallel to the first lens system; and a field diaphragm arranged on the object side relative to the first and second lens systems.
  • the first and second lens systems are arranged in such a positional relation that an image circle formed by each of the first and second lens systems is overlapped with both the first and second imaging areas.
  • the field diaphragm does not block a light beam which enters an area on the opposite side to the second imaging area with respect to the first imaging area, and a light beam which enters an area on the opposite side to the first imaging area with respect to the second imaging area, but blocks a light beam which enters the second imaging area from the first lens system, and a light beam which enters the first imaging area from the second lens system.
  • the present invention relates to an interchangeable lens apparatus which is detachably attached to a camera body equipped with an image sensor.
  • the interchangeable lens apparatus includes: a stereoscopic imaging optical system according to claim 1 ; and a lens mount section which is connectable to a camera mount section of the camera body.
  • the field diaphragm prevents interference between a pair of images formed on the image sensor. Since the field diaphragm is arranged on the object side relative to the first and second lens systems, the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention is readily applicable to an interchangeable-lens type digital camera system.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an interchangeable lens apparatus having a stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a reference diagram illustrating optical images which are formed on an image sensor by a stereoscopic imaging optical system having no field diaphragm;
  • FIG. 4 is a ray diagram of the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating optical images which are formed on an image sensor by the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration diagram and an aberration diagram of a lens system according to Embodiment 1 (Example 1);
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a configuration diagram and an aberration diagram of a lens system according to Embodiment 2 (Example 2);
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a configuration diagram and an aberration diagram of a lens system according to Embodiment 3 (Example 3);
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration diagram and an aberration diagram of a lens system according to Embodiment 4 (Example 4).
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an interchangeable-lens type camera system according to Embodiment 5.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an interchangeable lens apparatus having a stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention.
  • the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 is detachably attached to a camera body of an interchangeable-lens type digital camera system, and is used to take images having an angular difference for creating a three-dimensional image (including both a still image and a moving image).
  • the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 includes the stereoscopic imaging optical system 2 , a lens barrel 5 , a lens mount section 6 which is detachably connected to a camera mount section of a camera body, a protection member 8 , and a glass plate 12 arranged on the most front end of the apparatus 1 .
  • the lens mount section 6 has a mount surface 7 which contacts the camera mount section in a plane-to-plane manner.
  • the stereoscopic imaging optical system 2 includes a pair of lens systems 3 R and 3 L, and a field diaphragm 4 arranged on the object side relative to the lens systems 3 R and 3 L.
  • the lens systems 3 R and 3 L have the same lens configuration, and are arranged in parallel so that the optical axes thereof are parallel to each other.
  • the lens systems 3 R and 3 L are aligned in the horizontal direction of the camera body (the longitudinal direction of the image sensor) when the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 is attached to the camera body.
  • the lens system 3 R forms an optical image of an object on a right-half imaging area of the image sensor
  • the lens system 3 L forms an optical image of the object on a left-half imaging area of the image sensor.
  • the interval between the optical axes of the lens systems 3 R and 3 L is set so that a predetermined parallax is generated between the right and left taken images.
  • the lens systems 3 R and 3 L and the image sensor are arranged in such a positional relation that an image circle formed on the image sensor by the lens system 3 R and an image circle formed on the image sensor by the lens system 3 L are overlapped with each other at the center portion of the image sensor.
  • Each of the lens systems 3 R and 3 L is composed of a plurality of lens elements. Some of the lens elements are arranged so as to protrude from the mount surface 7 of the lens mount section 6 toward the image side. A lens element protruding from the mount surface toward the image side means at least a portion of the lens element being positioned on the image side relative to the plane including the mount surface. In the example of FIG. 1 , a total of four lens elements, which are positioned closest to the image side in the lens systems 3 R and 3 L, protrude from the mount surface 7 toward the image side. The lens configuration of the lens systems 3 R and 3 L will be described in detail later.
  • an aperture diaphragm in the lens optical system can be moved toward the object side relative to the lens principal point.
  • stray light, which enters from the object side relative to the aperture diaphragm can be blocked by a portion of the lens barrel that holds the lens elements protruding from the mount surface 7 .
  • the field diaphragm 4 is composed of a member having a single aperture 9 .
  • the aperture 9 is positioned on the object side relative to the lens systems 3 R and 3 L.
  • the aperture 9 has, at a part of a circumferential edge constituting the aperture, a pair of linear edges 10 R and 10 L which extend in the same direction (the vertical direction in FIG. 2 ) as a center line that divides the imaging surface of the image sensor to right and left parts. A portion of a light beam incident on the center portion of the image sensor is blocked by the edges 10 R and 10 L. The blocking of the incident light by the field diaphragm 4 will be described in detail later.
  • the lens barrel 5 is approximately cylindrical in shape, and holds the lens systems 3 R and 3 L by its center portion.
  • the field diaphragm 4 is attached to the front face of the lens barrel 5
  • the lens mount section 6 is provided on the rear face of the lens barrel 5 .
  • the protection member 8 is provided to protect the lens elements which protrude from the mount surface 7 of the lens mount section 6 toward the image side.
  • the glass plate 12 on the most front face is provided to protect the lens systems 3 R and 3 L and to prevent entry of dust and trash into the lens barrel 5 .
  • a right-half part and a left-half part of the imaging surface are referred to as an imaging area 11 R and an imaging area 11 L, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 is a reference diagram illustrating optical images formed on an image sensor by a stereoscopic imaging optical system having no field diaphragm.
  • the right and left images might be mixed at the center portion of the image sensor, or stray light from the right-side lens system might enter the left-side imaging area (or stray light from the left-side lens system might enter the right-side imaging area). In this case, it is necessary to reduce the clipping size of the right and left images.
  • FIG. 4 is a ray diagram of the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating optical images formed on the image sensor by the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention.
  • a dashed line represents the position of the mount surface.
  • the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention includes, on the object side relative to the pair of lens systems, the field diaphragm 4 for blocking a portion of a light beam incident on the center portion of the image sensor.
  • the light beams incident on the right and left lens systems 3 R and 3 L, respectively are partially overlapped with each other.
  • the field diaphragm 4 blocks the light beam incident on the center portion of the image sensor, the light beam converged by the lens system 3 R and the light beam converged by the lens system 3 L are not overlapped with each other on the imaging surface. Even if the light beams are overlapped, the width of overlapping becomes minimum.
  • the right-side edge 10 R of the flare stop 4 blocks a portion of the light beam incident on the right-side lens system 3 R, which portion has an angle of incident on the left-side imaging area 11 L.
  • the left-side edge 10 L of the flare stop 4 blocks a portion of the light beam incident on the left-side lens system 3 L, which portion has an angle of incident on the right-side imaging area 11 R.
  • light beams incident on a pair of regions along the short sides of the image sensor (alternate long and two short dashes lines in FIGS. 4 and 5 ), i.e., an area 12 R on the opposite side to the imaging area 11 L with respect to the imaging area 11 R and an area 12 L on the opposite side to the imaging area 11 R with respect to the imaging area 11 L, are not blocked.
  • a pair of image circles formed on the image sensor are each cut into a shape of D along the boundary between the imaging areas 11 R and 11 L.
  • the optical images formed by the pair of optical systems are prevented from being mixed on the image sensor. Accordingly, when the stereoscopic imaging optical system 2 of the present invention is used, the number of pixels in the right and left images can be increased by efficiently utilizing the imaging surface of the single image sensor, with a compact and simple configuration.
  • the cutting positions (portions corresponding to the edges 10 R and 10 L) of the images formed on the image sensor coincide with the boundary of the imaging areas 11 R and 11 L (the center line shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 5 ).
  • a small portion shielded from incident light may be generated between the pair of optical images formed on the image sensor, or the pair of optical images formed on the image sensor may be slightly overlapped.
  • the clipping size of the images from the imaging areas 11 R and 11 L can be sufficiently increased as compared to the reference example shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention does not require a structure such as a partition at the front face of the image sensor, it is favorably applicable to an interchangeable lens apparatus of an interchangeable-lens type camera system. Moreover, the stereoscopic imaging optical system is similarly applicable to a lens-integrated type camera system.
  • right and left optical images are formed side-by-side on the single image sensor by using the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention.
  • the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention may be combined with two image sensors arranged in parallel. A space may be provided between imaging areas of the two image sensors.
  • a pair of lens systems are arranged so as to form optical images on the pair of image sensors, respectively.
  • a field diaphragm which blocks a light beam that enters the left-side imaging area from the right-side lens system and a light beam that enters the right-side imaging area from the left-side lens system, may be provided to prevent mixing of right and left optical images on the respective image sensors, or entry of stray light.
  • lens systems 3 R and 3 L applicable to the above-described stereoscopic imaging optical system.
  • section (a) shows a configuration diagram of a lens system according to each embodiment
  • section (b) shows an aberration diagram of the corresponding lens system.
  • an asterisk * imparted to a particular surface indicates that the surface is aspheric.
  • a straight line on the rightmost side indicates the position of an image surface S.
  • a symbol A indicates an aperture diaphragm.
  • a lens system according to Embodiment 1 comprises, in order from the object side to the image side, a bi-convex first lens element L 1 , a bi-concave second lens element L 2 , a negative meniscus third lens element L 3 , and a bi-convex fourth lens element L 4 .
  • the first lens element L 1 has an aspheric object-side surface
  • the fourth lens element L 4 has an aspheric image-side surface.
  • the third lens element L 3 and the fourth lens element L 4 are cemented with each other.
  • a lens system according to Embodiment 2 comprises, in order from the object side to the image side, a bi-convex first lens element L 1 , a bi-concave second lens element L 2 , and a bi-convex third lens element L 3 .
  • a lens system according to Embodiment 3 comprises, in order from the object side to the image side, a bi-convex first lens element L 1 , a bi-concave second lens element L 2 , a negative meniscus third lens element L 3 , and a bi-convex fourth lens element L 4 .
  • the third lens element L 3 and the fourth lens element L 4 are cemented with each other.
  • a lens system according to Embodiment 4 comprises, in order from the object side to the image side, a positive meniscus first lens element L 1 , a negative meniscus second lens element L 2 , a negative meniscus third lens element L 3 , and a bi-convex fourth lens element L 4 .
  • the first lens element L 1 has an aspheric object-side surface
  • the fourth lens element L 4 has an aspheric image-side surface.
  • the third lens element L 3 and the fourth lens element L 4 are cemented with each other.
  • the fourth lens element L 4 is arranged so as to protrude from the mount surface toward the image side. Since the positive optical power of the protruding fourth lens element L 4 is strong, two lens elements for each of the right and left lens systems (four lens elements in total) are provided on the image side relative to the aperture diaphragm in order to compensate chromatic aberration.
  • the two lens elements are preferably a combination of a positive lens element and a negative lens element.
  • a diagonal view angle (2 ⁇ ) at a wide-angle limit of the lens system of the present invention is preferably 35 degrees or more.
  • a compact stereoscopic imaging optical system which provides easy-to-use images, can be configured.
  • the view angle is widened, the amount of defocus of an image, which is formed by a light beam passing near the edge of the field diaphragm, is reduced, and thus the number of pixels in the right and left images can be increased.
  • the stereoscopic imaging optical system of the present invention preferably satisfies the following condition.
  • T is a distance from the most object-side lens surface of the lens system to the field diaphragm
  • f W is a focal length of the lens system at a wide-angle limit.
  • the value goes below the lower limit of the condition (1), the amount of defocus of the image at the position corresponding to the edge of the field diaphragm is increased, and thus the range available for image taking on the imaging surface is reduced (the number of pixels in the taken image is reduced). If the value exceeds the upper limit of the condition (1), the distance between the lens system and the field diaphragm is excessively increased, which causes an increase in the size of the entire optical system.
  • the lens system of the present invention preferably satisfies the following condition.
  • f rear is a synthetic power of lens elements protruding from the mount surface toward the image side
  • an aperture diaphragm can be arranged on the object side relative to the principal point of the lens by allocating a strong positive optical power on the image side of the aperture diaphragm. Further, stray light can be reduced and the light blocking effect of the protection member can be increased by arranging a lens element having positive optical power on the image side relative to the mount surface.
  • the lens system of the present invention preferably satisfies the following condition.
  • f W is a focal length of the lens system at a wide-angle limit
  • D is a diagonal length of the image sensor.
  • the optical power of the lens system is increased, and the number of lens elements should be increased to suppress aberration. If the value exceeds the upper limit of the condition (3), the view angle is narrowed, and an obtained image becomes hard to use.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an interchangeable-lens type digital camera system according to Embodiment 5, which is viewed from above the camera body.
  • the interchangeable-lens type digital camera system 15 includes a camera body 16 , and an interchangeable lens apparatus 1 which is detachably connected to the camera body 16 .
  • the camera body 16 includes: an image sensor 17 which receives optical images formed by the lens systems 3 R and 3 L of the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 , and converts the optical images into electric image signals; a liquid crystal monitor 19 which displays the image signals obtained by the image sensor 17 ; and a camera mount section 18 .
  • the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 includes lens systems 3 R and 3 L according to any of Embodiments 1 to 4, a field diaphragm 4 , and a lens mount section 6 connected to the camera mount section 18 of the camera body.
  • the camera mount section 18 and the lens mount section 6 are connected to each other not only physically but also electrically, and function as interfaces for electrically connecting a controller (not shown) inside the camera body 16 to a controller (not shown) inside the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 , thereby achieving mutual signal communication.
  • the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 of the present invention interference between images formed by the pair of lens systems 3 R and 3 R and entry of stray light can be prevented by the field diaphragm 4 arranged at the front surface, without using a structure such as a partition. Therefore, as in the present embodiment, a combination of the interchangeable-lens type camera body and the interchangeable lens apparatus 1 can easily take a three-dimensional image.
  • Numerical examples are described below, in which the lens systems according to Embodiments 1 to 4 are implemented. Numerical Examples 1 to 4 correspond to the configurations of Embodiments 1 to 4, respectively.
  • the units of length in the tables are all mm, and the units of view angle are all °.
  • r is the radius of curvature
  • d is the axial distance
  • nd is the refractive index to the d-line
  • vd is the Abbe number to the d-line.
  • the surfaces marked with * are aspheric surfaces, and the aspheric surface configuration is defined by the following formula.
  • Z is the distance from a point on an aspheric surface at a height h relative to the optical axis to a tangential plane at the vertex of the aspheric surface
  • h is the height relative to the optical axis
  • r is the radius of curvature at the top
  • ⁇ is the conic constant
  • An is the n-th order aspheric coefficient.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 Longitudinal aberration diagrams of the lens systems according to Numerical Examples 1 to 4 are shown in sections (b) of FIGS. 6 to 9 , respectively.
  • Each of sections (b) of FIGS. 6 to 9 shows, in order from the left-hand side, the spherical aberration (SA (mm)), the astigmatism (AST (mm)), and the distortion (DIS (%)).
  • SA spherical aberration
  • AST mm
  • DIS distortion
  • the horizontal axis indicates the defocus amount
  • the vertical axis indicates the F-number (in each diagram, indicated as F)
  • the solid line, the short dash line, and the long dash line indicate the characteristics to the d-line, the F-line, and the C-line, respectively.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the defocus amount
  • the vertical axis indicates the image height (in each diagram, indicated as H)
  • the solid line and the dash line indicate the characteristics to the sagittal image plane (in each diagram, indicated as s) and the meridional image plane (in each diagram, indicated as m), respectively.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the distortion
  • the vertical axis indicates the image height (in each Fig., indicated as H).
  • Table 1 shows the values corresponding to the respective conditions in the stereoscopic imaging optical systems ( FIG. 4 ) configured by using the lens systems of the above-described Examples 1 to 4.
  • the flange back is the distance (L in FIG. 4 ) from the mount surface of the lens mount section to the image sensor
  • the stereo base is the distance (SB in FIG. 4 ) between the optical axes of the pair of lens systems
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Example 4 (1) T/f W 0.35 1.54 0.53 3.57 (2) f rear /f W 0.97 2.27 0.69 1.35 (3) f W /D 0.46 0.60 0.55 0.25 2 ⁇ 54.9 45.5 48.9 73.1 f W 10.0 13.0 12.0 7.0 T 3.5 20.0 6.3 25.0 f rear 9.72 29.57 8.23 9.48 D 21.63 21.63 21.63 28.40 Flange back 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.0 Stereo base 10.0 10.0 10.0 14.0
  • the present invention is can be used as an optical system of an imaging device for taking a three-dimensional image.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Cameras In General (AREA)
  • Structure And Mechanism Of Cameras (AREA)
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JP2010137685A JP2012003022A (ja) 2010-06-16 2010-06-16 立体撮影光学系、交換レンズ装置、カメラシステム
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US11252394B2 (en) 2018-07-04 2022-02-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Lens apparatus and imaging apparatus including the same
US20220221688A1 (en) * 2021-01-14 2022-07-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Stereoscopic optical system and image pickup apparatus
JP2023104465A (ja) * 2022-01-18 2023-07-28 キヤノン株式会社 ステレオ光学系および撮像装置
US20230308627A1 (en) * 2021-09-03 2023-09-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Lens apparatus and image pickup apparatus
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JP7527760B2 (ja) * 2019-03-18 2024-08-05 キヤノン株式会社 レンズ装置および撮像装置
JP7665401B2 (ja) * 2020-04-30 2025-04-21 キヤノン株式会社 レンズ装置および撮像システム
US12449725B2 (en) 2021-06-11 2025-10-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Lens apparatus
JP7790883B2 (ja) * 2021-07-02 2025-12-23 キヤノン株式会社 光学系、レンズ装置、及び撮像装置
JP7731712B2 (ja) * 2021-07-02 2025-09-01 キヤノン株式会社 レンズ装置、及び撮像装置
US12520023B2 (en) 2022-09-30 2026-01-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Lens apparatus and image pickup apparatus
JP2025043980A (ja) 2023-09-19 2025-04-01 キヤノン株式会社 ステレオ光学系および撮像装置

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