US20110290182A1 - Method of manufacturing semiconductor device, cleaning method, and substrate processing apparatus - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing semiconductor device, cleaning method, and substrate processing apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110290182A1 US20110290182A1 US13/207,591 US201113207591A US2011290182A1 US 20110290182 A1 US20110290182 A1 US 20110290182A1 US 201113207591 A US201113207591 A US 201113207591A US 2011290182 A1 US2011290182 A1 US 2011290182A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- processing chamber
- gas
- film
- gas supply
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 317
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 221
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 370
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 168
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 323
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 80
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 61
- 229910015844 BCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 48
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 41
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 21
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 18
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910018509 Al—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910015845 BBr3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 5
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003676 SiBr4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003910 SiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium bromide Chemical compound Br[Al](Br)Br PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Si](Br)(Br)Br AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hafnium nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium Chemical compound CN(C)[Ti](N(C)C)(N(C)C)N(C)C MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010062 TiCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010386 TiI4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLOIXGFLXPCOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ti].[Sn] BLOIXGFLXPCOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium iodide Chemical compound I[Al](I)I CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IVHJCRXBQPGLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynetungsten Chemical compound [W]#N IVHJCRXBQPGLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- VJDVOZLYDLHLSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylazanide;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[N-]CC.CC[N-]CC.CC[N-]CC.CC[N-]CC VJDVOZLYDLHLSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWEYZGSCHQNNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tantalum Chemical compound [Si].[Ta] HWEYZGSCHQNNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4404—Coatings or surface treatment on the inside of the reaction chamber or on parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4405—Cleaning of reactor or parts inside the reactor by using reactive gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/285—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
- H01L21/28512—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L21/28556—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table by chemical means, e.g. CVD, LPCVD, PECVD, laser CVD
- H01L21/28562—Selective deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67017—Apparatus for fluid treatment
- H01L21/67028—Apparatus for fluid treatment for cleaning followed by drying, rinsing, stripping, blasting or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device through a substrate processing process, and relates to a cleaning method and a substrate processing apparatus.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the ALD process can be performed at a lower substrate temperature (process temperature), and the thickness of a film formed on a substrate can be controlled by adjusting the execution number of a film-forming cycle.
- An aluminum nitride (AlN) film and a titanium nitride (TiN) film are examples of a conductive film that can be formed on a substrate.
- other conductive films such as a tantalum (Ta) film, a tungsten (W) film, a manganese (Mn) film, a film made of a nitride thereof, a titanium (Ti) film, and an aluminum (Al) film.
- examples of insulating films include a film formed by oxidizing Hf, Zr, or Al, and a film formed by nitriding Hf, Zr, or Al.
- Such a conductive film or insulating film may be formed by supplying a process gas into a processing chamber in which a substrate is loaded.
- a process gas into a processing chamber in which a substrate is loaded.
- deposited materials including such a conductive film or insulating film are adhered to the inner wall of the processing chamber and a substrate supporting tool disposed in the processing chamber. If a film is deposited on the inside of the processing chamber to a large thickness, the film may crack due to increasing stresses, and thus contaminants (such as adhered materials that were stripped from the inside of the processing chamber) may be generated. If such contaminants permeate the conductive film or insulating film formed on the substrate, the product process yield may be decreased.
- Patent Document 1 discloses etching technology of a film such as an insulating film by using BCl 3 .
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- Al(CH 3 ) 3 aluminum
- NH 3 ammonia
- An aluminum nitride film is used as an insulating film, and by stacked an aluminum nitride film on a titanium (TiN) film in an alternating manner, the aluminum nitride film can be used for forming an electrode.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a cleaning method, and a substrate processing apparatus, by which a conductive film or insulating film can be efficiently removed.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
- the forming, the unloading, and the modifying processes a plurality of times, removing the modified conductive film or the modified insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas comprising:
- a substrate processing apparatus comprising:
- a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate
- a source gas supply system configured to supply a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber
- an oxygen-containing gas supply system configured to supply an oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber
- a cleaning gas supply system configured to supply a cleaning gas into the processing chamber
- an exhaust system configured to exhaust the processing chamber
- control unit is configured to control the source gas supply system, the oxygen-containing gas supply system, the cleaning gas supply system, and the exhaust system, so as to: form a nitride film on the substrate by supplying the plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; modify a nitride film adhered to the processing chamber into an oxide film by oxidizing the nitride film by supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber; and remove the oxide film by supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- FIG. 1A through FIG. 1C are schematic views illustrating an etching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A through FIG. 2C are schematic views illustrating an etching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a substrate processing apparatus that can be properly used according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a processing furnace and surrounding members that can be properly used according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a vertical section of the processing furnace is illustrated.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the processing furnace of FIG. 4 that can be properly used according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a film forming sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a sequence according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view illustrating sequences of a modifying process and a cleaning process according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a view illustrating sequences of a modifying process and a cleaning process according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating a composition distribution in the depth direction of an aluminum nitride film after a modifying process is performed with an oxidizing time of 1 minute.
- FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating a composition distribution in the depth direction of an aluminum nitride film after a modifying process is performed with an oxidizing time of 5 minutes.
- an oxide film such as HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2
- an aluminum nitride film is modified into an aluminum oxide film by oxidizing the aluminum nitride film, and then the aluminum oxide film is cleaned.
- it is effective to repeat, predetermined times, an oxidizing process for changing to an aluminum oxide film and a process of cleaning the aluminum oxide film.
- an oxidant such as O 2 , No, O 3 , H 2 O, and H 2 +O 2 may be used.
- An aluminum nitride film is easily oxidized by O 2 , and generally, a process temperature of 800° C. or higher is necessary. This may be due to high activation energy necessary to break an Al—N bond, and the Al—N bond may not be broken if the Al—N bond is attacked by only O 2 or O.
- a H 2 O oxidation method in which wafer vapor or H 2 +O 2 is supplied into a processing chamber 201 to generate H 2 O in the processing chamber 201 , may be effective in that an aluminum nitride film can be oxidized at a relatively low temperature. Low-temperature oxidation is possible by using H 2 O, and the reason for this may be because OH of H 2 O reduces the activation energy necessary to break the Al—N bond.
- the process temperature of a processing chamber necessary for oxidizing a film is varied according to the kind of an oxidant.
- the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 400° C. to 800° C., for example, 600° C.
- the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 700° C. to 800° C., for example, 800° C.
- the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 700° C. to 800° C., for example, 800° C.
- the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 400° C. to 800° C., for example, 600° C. like in the case of H 2 O.
- FIG. 1A through FIG. 1C are schematic views illustrating a predicted mechanism with micro-scale films
- FIG. 2A through FIG. 2C are schematic views illustrating the predicted mechanism in atomic scale.
- the aluminum nitride film may be modified into an aluminum oxide film ( FIG. 1B and FIG. 2B ).
- BCl 3 is supplied to the aluminum oxide film as a cleaning gas, the aluminum oxide film may be etched while Al—O bonds are broken to produce substances such as BOCl, BO 2 , and AlCl 3 ( FIG. 1C and FIG. 2C ).
- the aluminum oxide film may be etched because Al—O bonds are broken by boron (B) generated from BCl 3 .
- B boron
- compounds (reaction compounds) having Al—Cl bonds or B—O bonds may be generated.
- a compound having Al—Cl bonds such as AlCL 3
- BCl 3 is supplied, it may be difficult to etch the aluminum nitride film because the activation energy necessary to break Al—N bonds is greater than the activation energy necessary to break Al—O bonds and the Al—N bonds are not broken by boron (B) generated from the BCl 3 .
- the activation energy of an Al—N bond is as explained above. However, the bond energy of an Al—N is lower than the bond energy of an Al—O bond.
- the substrate processing apparatus of the current embodiment is configured as an example of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus used in fabrication of a semiconductor device (integrated circuit (IC)).
- IC integrated circuit
- an explanation will be given on the case of using a vertical batch type apparatus as an example of the substrate processing apparatus configured to perform a process such as a film forming process on a substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to the use of the vertical batch type apparatus.
- the present invention can also be applied to other apparatuses such as a horizontal type apparatus or a single-wafer type apparatus.
- cassettes 110 are used to accommodate substrates such as wafers 200 .
- the wafers 200 are made of a material such as silicon.
- the substrate processing apparatus 101 includes a case 111 .
- a cassette stage 114 is installed in the case 111 .
- the cassettes 110 are configured to be carried onto the cassette stage 114 , or carried away from the cassette stage 114 , by an in-process carrying device (not shown).
- a cassette 110 is placed by the in-process carrying device in a manner such that wafers 200 are vertically positioned in the cassette 110 and a wafer entrance of the cassette 110 is pointed upward.
- the cassette stage 114 is configured so that the cassette 110 is rotated 90° counterclockwise in a longitudinal direction to the backward of the case 111 so as to horizontally orient the wafers 200 of the cassette 110 and point the wafer entrance of the cassette 110 to the backward of the case 111 .
- a cassette shelf 105 is installed near the inner center part of the case 111 in a front-to-back direction.
- the cassette shelf 105 is configured to store a plurality of cassettes 110 in a plurality of stages and a plurality of rows.
- a transfer shelf 123 is installed to store cassettes 110 that are carrying objects of a wafer transfer mechanism 125 .
- a standby cassette shelf 107 is installed at the upper side of the cassette stage 114 .
- the standby cassette shelf 107 is configured to store standby cassettes 110 .
- the cassette carrying device 118 includes a cassette elevator 118 a capable of moving upward and downward while holding a cassette 110 , and a cassette carrying mechanism 118 b .
- the cassette carrying device 118 is configured to carry cassettes 110 among the cassette stage 114 , the cassette shelf 105 , and the standby cassette shelf 107 by continuous motions of the cassette elevator 118 a and the cassette carrying mechanism 118 b.
- the wafer transfer mechanism 125 includes a wafer transfer device 125 a capable of rotating or linearly moving wafers 200 in a horizontal direction, and a wafer transfer device elevator 125 b configured to move the wafer transfer device 125 a upward and downward.
- tweezers 125 c are installed to pick up wafers 200 .
- the wafer transfer mechanism 125 is configured such that wafers 200 can be placed on the tweezers 125 c to charge the wafers 200 into a boat 217 or discharge the wafers 200 from the boat 217 by continuous motions of the wafer transfer device 125 a and the wafer transfer device elevator 125 b.
- a processing furnace 202 is installed to perform a heat treatment process on wafers 200 , and the bottom side of the processing furnace 202 is configured to be opened and closed by a furnace port shutter 147 .
- a boat elevator 115 is installed to move the boat 217 upward to and downward from the processing furnace 202 .
- An arm 128 is connected to an elevating table of the boat elevator 115 .
- a seal cap 219 is horizontally installed on the arm 128 .
- the seal cap 219 supports the boat 217 vertically, and is configured to seal the bottom side of the processing furnace 202 .
- the boat 217 includes a plurality of holding members and is configured to hold a plurality of wafers 200 (for example, about fifty to one hundred fifty wafers) horizontally in a state where the wafers 200 are vertically arranged with the centers of the wafers 200 being aligned.
- a plurality of wafers 200 for example, about fifty to one hundred fifty wafers
- a cleaning unit 134 a is installed to supply clean air as a purified atmosphere.
- the cleaning unit 134 a includes a supply fan and a dust filter to supply clean air to the inside of the case 111 .
- the cleaning system 134 b includes a supply fan and a dust filter to supply clean air to the surrounding areas of the wafer transfer device 125 a , the boat 217 , and the like. After flowing around the wafer transfer device 125 a , the boat 217 , and the like, the clean air is exhausted to the outside of the case 111 .
- a cassette 110 is carried and placed on the cassette stage 114 by the in-process carrying device (not shown) in a state where wafers 200 inside the cassette 110 are vertically positioned and the wafer entrance of the cassette 110 is pointed upward. Thereafter, the cassette 110 is rotated counterclockwise by 90° in a longitudinal direction toward the backward of the case 111 by the cassette stage 114 so that the wafers 200 inside the cassette 110 are horizontally positioned and the wafer entrance of the cassette 110 is pointed to the backward of the case 111 .
- the cassette 110 is automatically carried and placed by the cassette carrying device 118 to a specified shelf position of the cassette shelf 105 or the standby cassette shelf 107 where the cassette 110 is temporarily stored. Thereafter, the cassette 110 is transferred to the transfer shelf 123 from the cassette shelf 105 or the standby cassette shelf 107 by the cassette carrying device 118 .
- the carry cassette 110 may be directly transferred to the transfer shelf 123 from the cassette stage 114 .
- wafers 200 are picked up from the cassette 110 through the wafer entrance of the cassette 110 and are charged into the boat 217 by the tweezers 125 c of the wafer transfer device 125 a .
- the wafer transfer device 125 a After delivering the wafer 200 to the boat 217 , the wafer transfer device 125 a returns to the cassette 110 so as to charge the next wafers 200 into the boat 217 .
- the bottom side of the processing furnace 202 closed by the furnace port shutter 147 is opened by moving the furnace shutter 147 .
- the boat 217 in which a group of wafers 200 is held is loaded into the processing furnace 202 by an ascending motion of the boat elevator 115 , and the bottom side of the processing furnace 202 is closed by the seal cap 219 .
- a predetermined treatment process is performed on the wafers 200 charged in the processing furnace 202 . Thereafter, the wafers 200 and the cassette 110 are carried to the outside of the case 111 in a reverse sequence of the above.
- a heater 207 is installed as a heating device (heating unit) to heat wafers 200 .
- the heater 207 includes an insulating member having a cylindrical shape with a closed top side, and a plurality of heating wires installed with respect to the insulating member to form a heating unit structure.
- a reaction tube 203 made of quartz is installed inside the heater 207 .
- a manifold 209 made of a material such as stainless steel is installed in a manner such that an O-ring 220 is disposed therebetween as a sealing member.
- a bottom opening of the manifold 209 is hermetically closed by a cover such as the seal cap 219 with a sealing member such as an O-ring 220 being disposed therebetween. That is, at the lower side of the reaction tube 203 , the seal cap 219 is installed as a furnace port cover capable of hermetically closing a bottom opening of the reaction tube 203 .
- the seal cap 219 is configured to make contact with the bottom side of the reaction tube 203 in a perpendicular direction from the lower side.
- the seal cap 219 is made of a metal such as stainless steel and has a circular disk shape. On the surface of the seal cap 219 , the O-ring 220 is installed as a seal member configured to make contact with the bottom side of the reaction tube 203 .
- the processing chamber 201 is formed by at least the reaction tube 203 , the manifold 209 , and the seal cap 219 .
- a rotary mechanism 267 is installed to rotate the boat 217 .
- a rotation shaft 255 of the rotary mechanism 267 penetrates the seal cap 219 and is connected to the boat 217 (described later) through a boat support 218 that supports the boat 217 .
- the seal cap 219 is configured to be vertically moved by an elevating mechanism such as the boat elevator 115 installed outside the reaction tube 203 , so that the boat 217 can be loaded into and unloaded from the processing chamber 201 .
- the boat 217 includes a bottom plate 210 fixed to the boat support 218 , a top plate 211 disposed at the top side of the boat 217 , and a plurality of pillars 212 installed between the bottom plate 210 and the top plate 211 .
- the boat 217 is configured to hold a plurality of wafers 200 .
- the plurality of wafers 200 are supported by the pillars 212 of the boat 217 in a state where the wafers 200 are arranged at regular intervals and horizontally oriented.
- the boat 217 is inserted into the processing chamber 201 while being supported by the boat support 218 , and then the heater 207 heats the wafers 200 inserted in the processing chamber 201 to a predetermined temperature.
- two gas supply pipes 310 and 320 are connected to the processing chamber 201 to supply a plurality of source gases (reaction gases), an inert gas, a modifying gas (oxidant), and a cleaning gas.
- a flow rate control device such as a mass flow controller 312
- a vaporizing unit such as a vaporizer 700
- an on-off valve such as a valve 314
- the upstream end of a nozzle 410 (first nozzle 410 ) is connected to the leading end (downstream end) of the gas supply pipe 310 .
- the nozzle 410 has an L-shape constituted by a vertical part and a horizontal part.
- the vertical part of the nozzle 410 extends in a vertical direction (stacked direction of wafers 200 ) in the arc-shaped space between the reaction tube 203 constituting the processing chamber 201 and the wafers 200 along the inner wall of the reaction tube 203 .
- the horizontal part of the nozzle 410 is installed such that the horizontal part penetrates the side wall of the manifold 209 .
- a plurality of gas supply holes 410 a are formed in the lateral side of the nozzle 410 to supply a source gas through the gas supply holes 410 a .
- the sizes of the gas supply holes 410 a are equal or varied from the lower side to the upper side, and the gas supply holes 410 a are arranged at the same pitch.
- a vent line 610 which is connected to an exhaust pipe 231 (described later), is connected to the gas supply pipe 310 at a position between the vaporizer 700 and the valve 314 .
- a valve 614 is installed at the vent line 610 .
- the source gas may be discharged to the vent line 610 through the valve 614 by opening the valve 614 in a state where the valves 314 and 324 are closed.
- a carrier gas supply pipe 510 is connected to the downstream side of the valve 314 of the gas supply pipe 310 to supply an inert gas as a carrier gas.
- a mass flow controller 512 and a valve 514 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 510 .
- downstream end of a gas supply pipe 740 is connected to the gas supply pipe 310 at a position closer to the processing chamber 201 than a joint part between the carrier gas supply pipe 510 and the gas supply pipe 310 .
- the downstream end of a gas supply pipe 710 , the downstream end of a gas supply pipe 810 , and the downstream end of a gas supply pipe 910 are connected to the upstream side of the gas supply pipe 740 .
- a mass flow controller 712 and a valve 714 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 710 .
- a mass flow controller 812 and a valve 814 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 810 .
- a mass flow controller 912 and a valve 914 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 910 .
- a flow rate control device such as a mass flow controller 322 , and a valve 324 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the gas supply pipe 320 .
- the upstream end of a nozzle 420 (second nozzle 420 ) is connected to the leading end (downstream end) of the gas supply pipe 320 .
- the nozzle 420 has an L-shape constituted by a vertical part and a horizontal part.
- the vertical part of the nozzle 420 extends in a vertical direction (stacked direction of wafers 200 ) in the arc-shaped space between the reaction tube 203 constituting the processing chamber 201 and the wafers 200 along the inner wall of the reaction tube 203 .
- the horizontal part of the nozzle 420 is installed such that the horizontal part penetrates the side wall of the manifold 209 .
- a plurality of gas supply holes 420 a are formed in the lateral side of the nozzle 420 to supply a source gas through the gas supply holes 420 a .
- the sizes of the gas supply holes 420 a are equal or varied from the lower side to the upper side, and the gas supply holes 420 a are arranged at the same pitch.
- a carrier gas supply pipe 520 is connected to the downstream side of the valve 324 of the gas supply pipe 320 to supply an inert gas as a carrier gas.
- a mass flow controller 522 and a valve 524 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 520 .
- downstream end of a gas supply pipe 750 is connected to the gas supply pipe 310 at a position closer to the processing chamber 201 than a joint part between the carrier gas supply pipe 520 and the gas supply pipe 3 w 0 .
- the downstream end of a gas supply pipe 720 , the downstream end of a gas supply pipe 820 , and the downstream end of a gas supply pipe 920 are connected to the upstream side of the gas supply pipe 750 .
- a mass flow controller 722 and a valve 724 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 720 .
- a mass flow controller 822 and a valve 824 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 810 .
- a mass flow controller 922 and a valve 924 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carrier gas supply pipe 920 .
- a source supplied into the gas supply pipe 310 is liquid
- the liquid source is supplied to the vaporizer 700 while controlling the flow rate of the liquid source by using the mass flow controller 312 .
- a vaporized gas which is a source gas (reaction gas) generated by vaporizing a liquid source at the vaporizer 700 , flows to the downstream side of the gas supply pipe 310 through the valve 314 where the vaporized gas is mixed with a carrier gas supplied from the carrier gas supply pipe 510 , and then the gas mixture is supplied into the processing chamber 201 through the nozzle 410 .
- the vaporized gas which is a source gas can be supplied into the processing chamber 201 either through the gas supply pipe 310 or the gas supply pipe 320 or both through the gas supply pipes 310 and 320 .
- the mass flow controller 312 may be replaced with a mass flow controller adapted to control the flow rate of gas, and the vaporizer 700 may be not used.
- an Al source e.g., trimethylaluminum (TMA) or aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 )
- a Ti source e.g., titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ), tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (TDMAT, Ti[N(CH 3 ) 2 ] 4 ), or tetrakis(diethylamino)titanium (TDEAT, Ti[N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 ] 4 )
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- AlCl 3 aluminum chloride
- TiCl 4 titanium tetrachloride
- TDMAT tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium
- TDEAT tetrakis(diethylamino)titanium
- a nitriding agent such as ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), or monomethylhydrazine (CH 6 N 2 ) may be introduced into the gas supply pipe 320 .
- an oxygen-containing (oxidant) such as O 2 is intruded into the gas supply pipe 710 and the gas supply pipe 720 as a modifying gas.
- a reducing agent such as H 2 is intruded into the gas supply pipe 810 and the gas supply pipe 820 to add the reducing agent into a modifying gas.
- O 2 and H2 flows through the gas supply pipe 740 and the gas supply pipe 750 toward the gas supply pipe 310 and the gas supply pipe 320 , and is then supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the gas supply pipe 310 and the gas supply pipe 320 through the nozzle 410 and the nozzle 420 .
- O 2 instead of using O 2 , for example, O 3 , H 2 O, H 2 +O 2 , CO x , SO x , N x O (where x denotes an integer greater than 1), or a gas mixture thereof may be used as an oxidant. If it is not necessary to add H 2 gas to a modifying gas, the gas supply pipes 810 and 820 may not be used. In addition, only one of the gas supply pipes 710 and 720 may be used.
- H 2 O a modifying gas
- an etching target film for example, aluminum nitride film
- a device such as an ionizer is not necessary, and thus costs can be reduced.
- it may be more preferable to use a mixture gas prepared by adding H 2 to O 2 .
- a larger amount of moisture can be supplied into the processing chamber 201 , and thus oxidizing power can be increased.
- O 3 may be used because it has a great oxidizing power, an ozonizer is additionally required.
- the oxidizing rate may be reduced if O 2 (elemental substance) is used as compared with the case of using H 2 O or O 3 , O 2 may be used.
- a cleaning gas (etching gas) is introduced into the gas supply pipe 910 and the gas supply pipe 920 from the upstream sides thereof.
- the cleaning gas flows through the gas supply pipe 740 and the gas supply pipe 750 toward the gas supply pipe 310 and the gas supply pipe 320 , and is then supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the gas supply pipe 310 and the gas supply pipe 320 through the nozzle 410 and the nozzle 420 .
- a gas containing a compound having an energy level higher than the activation energy (for example, the activation energy of an A—O bond) of a component of an etching target film for example, an aluminum oxide film obtained by modifying a aluminum nitride film (described later) may be used as a cleaning gas.
- a gas, which reacts with an etching target film and produces a metal compound that can be easily removed as a gas owing to its high vapor pressure may be used as a cleaning gas.
- a halogen-based gas containing boron (B) such as BCl 3 , HCl, Cl 2 , SiCl 4 , HBr, BBr 3 , SiBr 4 , Br 2 , or a mixture gas thereof may be preferably used as a cleaning gas.
- a fluorine (F)-containing gas produces a metal compound (such as AlF 3 ) having a low vapor pressure (difficult to be removed as a gas) if the fluorine (F)-containing gas reacts with an etching target film, the fluorine (F)-containing gas is not preferable as a cleaning gas.
- halides that can be used as a cleaning gas and properties of the halides are shown in Table 1 below.
- examples of Ti halides and Al halides that can be produced by etching reaction, and properties of the halides are shown in Table 2 below.
- any one of BCl 3 , BBr 3 , and Bl 3 may be preferably used as a cleaning gas when their melting points and boiling points are considered. However, since it is necessary to heat Bl 3 for vaporizing Bi 3 , BCl 3 and BBr 3 may be more preferable as a cleaning gas. Although BBr 3 is liquid at normal temperature, since the vapor pressure of BBr 3 is high, BBr 3 may be used as a cleaning gas.
- a titanium oxide film is etched with BCl 3
- a halide such as TiCl 3 , TiBr 4 , and TiI 4 shown in Table 2 are generated as a reaction product. It is considered that TiBr 4 has a vapor pressure similar to that of AlCl 3 , and thus TiBr 4 may be easily removed as a gas.
- a halide such as AlCl 3 , AlBr 3 , and AlI 3 are generated as a reaction product. It is considered that AlBR 3 has a vapor pressure similar to that of AlCl 3 , and thus AlBr 3 may be easily removed as a gas.
- a TMA supply line is constituted mainly by the gas supply pipe 310 , the mass flow controller 312 , the vaporizer 700 , the valve 314 , the nozzle 410 , and the gas supply holes 410 a .
- a NH 3 supply line is constituted mainly by the gas supply pipe 320 , the mass flow controller 322 , the valve 324 , the nozzle 420 , and the gas supply holes 420 a .
- a source gas supply system is constituted mainly by the TMA supply line and the NH 3 supply line to supply a plurality of source gases (for example, TMA and NH 3 ) into the processing chamber 201 .
- an inert gas supply system is constituted mainly by the carrier gas supply pipe 510 , the mass flow controller 512 , the valve 514 , the gas supply pipe 310 , the nozzle 410 , the gas supply holes 410 a , the carrier gas supply pipe 520 , the mass flow controller 522 , the valve 524 , the gas supply pipe 320 , the nozzle 420 , and the gas supply holes 420 a , so as to supply an inert gas into the processing chamber 201 as a carrier gas or a purge gas.
- an oxygen-containing gas supply system which supplies an oxygen-containing gas (oxidant) into the processing chamber 201 as a modifying gas, is constituted mainly by the gas supply pipe 710 , the mass flow controller 712 , the valve 714 , the gas supply pipe 810 , the mass flow controller 812 , the valve 814 , the gas supply pipe 740 , the gas supply pipe 310 , the nozzle 410 , the gas supply holes 410 a , the gas supply pipe 720 , the mass flow controller 722 the valve 724 , the gas supply pipe 820 , the mass flow controller 822 , the valve 824 , the gas supply pipe 750 , the gas supply pipe 320 , the nozzle 420 , and the gas supply holes 420 a.
- a cleaning gas supply system which supplies a cleaning gas into the processing chamber 201 , is constituted mainly by the gas supply pipe 910 , the mass flow controller 912 , the valve 914 , the gas supply pipe 740 , the gas supply pipe 310 , the nozzle 410 , the gas supply holes 410 a , the gas supply pipe 920 , the mass flow controller 922 , the valve 924 , the gas supply pipe 750 , the gas supply pipe 320 , the nozzle 420 , and the gas supply holes 420 a.
- the exhaust pipe 231 is installed to exhaust the inside atmosphere of the processing chamber 201 .
- a pressure sensor 245 which is a pressure detector (pressure detecting part) configured to detect the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201
- an auto pressure controller (APC) valve 243 which is a pressure regulator (pressure regulating part)
- a vacuum pump 246 which is a vacuum exhaust device are sequentially installed from the upstream side of the exhaust pipe 231 .
- the APC valve 243 is an on-off valve, which can be opened and closed to start and stop vacuum evacuation of the inside of the processing chamber 201 and can be adjusted in degree of valve opening for pressure adjustment.
- An exhaust system is constituted mainly by the exhaust pipe 231 , the APC valve 243 , the vacuum pump 246 , and the pressure sensor 245 .
- a temperature sensor 263 is installed as a temperature detector. By controlling power supplied to the heater 207 based on temperature information detected by the temperature sensor 263 , desired temperature distribution can be obtained in the processing chamber 201 .
- the temperature sensor 263 has an L-shape and is disposed along the inner wall of the reaction tube 203 .
- the boat 217 is installed at the center part inside the reaction tube 203 .
- the boat 217 is configured to be loaded into and unloaded from the reaction tube 203 by raising and lowering the seal cap 219 with the boat elevator 115 .
- the rotation shaft 255 of the (boat) rotary mechanism 267 is connected to the bottom side of the boat support 218 that supports the boat 217 , so as to improve processing uniformity by rotating the boat 217 . By operating the boat rotary mechanism 267 , the boat 217 supported by the boat support 218 can be rotated.
- a controller 280 is connected to the above-described members such as the mass flow controllers 312 , 322 , 332 , 512 , 522 , 712 , 722 , 812 , 822 , 912 , and 922 ; the valves 314 , 324 , 514 , 524 , 614 , 714 , 814 , 824 , 914 , and 924 ; the heater 207 ; the vacuum pump 246 ; the APC valve 243 ; the rotary mechanism 267 ; the boat elevator 115 , the pressure sensor 245 ; and the temperature sensor 263 .
- the controller 280 is an example of a control unit (control device) used to control overall operations of the substrate processing apparatus 101 .
- the controller 280 controls operations such as flow rate adjusting operations of the mass flow controllers 312 , 322 , 512 , 522 , 712 , 722 , 812 , 822 , 912 , and 922 ; opening and closing operations of the valves 314 , 324 , 514 , 524 , 614 , 714 , 724 , 814 , 824 , 914 , and 924 ; opening and closing operations of the APC valve 243 and a pressure adjusting operation of the APC valve 243 based on pressure information detected by the pressure sensor 245 ; a temperature adjusting operation of the heater 207 based on temperature information detected by the temperature sensor 263 ; start and stop operations of the vacuum pump 246 ; a rotation speed adjusting operation of the boat rotary mechanism 267 ; and an elevating operation of the boat elevator 115 .
- an explanation will be given on a method of forming aluminum nitride films on wafers 200 in the processing chamber 201 , with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 .
- an explanation will be given on an exemplary method of forming films on substrates by an ALD method.
- an ALD method at least two kinds of source gases which are film forming sources are alternately supplied to a substrate under predetermined film forming conditions (temperature, time, etc.), so as to allow the process gases to be adsorbed on the substrate on an atomic layer basis for forming a film by surface reaction.
- the thickness of the film is controlled by adjusting the number of process gas supply cycles (for example, if the film-forming rate is 1 ⁇ /cycle and it is intended to form a 20- ⁇ film, the process is repeated for twenty cycles).
- the controller 280 controls the substrate processing apparatus 101 as follows. That is, the processing chamber 201 is controlled so as to keep the inside of the processing chamber 201 at 400° C. or lower, preferably, at 350° C. Thereafter, a first process is performed to load wafers 200 into the processing chamber 201 . That is, a plurality of wafers 200 are charged into the boat 217 , and the boat 217 is loaded into the processing chamber 201 . Thereafter, the boat 217 is rotated by the boat rotary mechanism 267 to rotate the wafers 200 .
- the vacuum pump 246 is operated and the APC valve 243 e is opened to evacuate the inside of the processing chamber 201 , and if the temperature of the wafers 200 reaches 350° C. and processing conditions such as temperature become stable (pressure, temperature adjustment), the following four steps are sequentially performed while maintaining the inside temperature of the processing chamber 201 at 350° C. so as to form conductive films or insulating films on the wafers 200 (second process).
- TMA is supplied into the processing chamber 201 .
- TMA is liquid at normal temperature.
- TMA may be supplied into the processing chamber 201 after vaporizing the TMA by heating the TMA or after vaporizing the TMA using the vaporizer 700 .
- inert gas such as helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), or nitrogen (N 2 ) may be supplied as a carrier gas so that it passes through a TMA container of the vaporizer 700 , and then vaporized TMA may be supplied into the processing chamber 201 together with the carrier gas.
- He helium
- Ne neon
- Ar argon
- N 2 nitrogen
- TMA is supplied into the processing chamber 201 by supplying TMA to the gas supply pipe 310 and a carrier gas (N 2 ) to the carrier gas supply pipe 510 . Then, the valve 314 of the gas supply pipe 310 , the valve 514 of the carrier gas supply pipe 510 , and the APC valve 243 of the exhaust pipe 231 are opened together.
- the carrier gas flows in the carrier gas supply pipe 510 , and the flow rate of the carrier gas is controlled by the mass flow controllers 512 .
- the TMA flows in the gas supply pipe 310 where the flow rate of the TMA is controlled by the mass flow controller 312 and the TMA is vaporized by the vaporizer 700 , and then the TMA is mixed with the carrier gas the flow rate of which is controlled.
- the APC valve 243 is properly controlled so as to keep the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201 at 10 Torr (about 1333 Pa) or lower, preferably, at 0.4 Torr (about 53 Pa).
- the wafers 200 are exposed to the TMA for 1 minute or shorter, for example, for 6 seconds.
- gases flowing in the processing chamber 201 are TMA gas and inert gas such as N 2 or Ar gas but NH 3 gas does not exist in the processing chamber 201 . Therefore, TMA does not participate in a gas phase reaction but reacts with the surfaces or underlayers of the wafers 200 (chemical adsorption) to form source (TMA) adsorption layers or Al layers (hereinafter also referred to as Al-containing layers).
- the TMA adsorption layer includes a discontinuous adsorption layer of source molecules as well as a continuous adsorption layer of source molecules.
- the Al layer includes a continuous layer formed of Al, and an Al thin film in which such continuous Al layers are superimposed on each other. In addition, a continuous layer formed of Al may also be called “an Al thin film.”
- valve 524 is opened to supply an inert gas through the carrier gas supply pipe 520 which is connected to the gas supply pipe 320 .
- TMA can be prevented from flowing to the gas supply pipe 320 from the processing chamber 201 .
- step 12 of the second process the valve 314 of the gas supply pipe 310 is closed to stop supply of TMA into the processing chamber 201 , and the valve 614 is opened so that TMA can flow to the vent line 610 .
- supply of TMA into the processing chamber 201 is interrupted without stopping vaporization of TMA so that TMA can be supplied again rapidly and stably.
- the APC valve 243 of the gas exhaust pipe 231 is kept open, and the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted to a pressure equal to or lower than 20 Pa by using the vacuum pump 246 so as to exhaust TMA remaining in the processing chamber 201 .
- inert gas such as N 2 is supplied into the processing chamber 201 , the TMA can be removed more efficiently.
- NH 3 is supplied into the processing chamber 201 . That is, NH 3 is supplied into the gas supply pipe 320 , and a carrier gas (N 2 ) is supplied into the carrier gas supply pipe 520 . Then, the valve 324 of the gas supply pipe 320 , the valve 524 of the carrier gas supply pipe 520 , and the APC valve 243 of the exhaust pipe 231 are opened together.
- the carrier gas flows in the carrier gas supply pipe 520 , and the flow rate of the carrier gas is controlled by the mass flow controller 522 .
- the NH 3 flows in the gas supply pipe 320 where the flow rate of the NH 3 is controlled by the mass flow controller 322 , and then the NH 3 is mixed with the carrier gas the flow rate of which is controlled.
- the mixture is exhausted through the exhaust pipe 231 .
- the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201 is kept at 10 Torr (about 1333 Pa) or lower, for example, at 7 Torr (about 933 Pa) by properly adjusting the APC valve 243 .
- the supply flow rate of NH 3 is kept equal to or lower than 10 slm, preferably, at 7.5 slm.
- the wafers 200 are exposed to the NH 3 for 3 minutes or shorter, for example, for 45 seconds.
- valve 514 is opened to supply an inert gas through the carrier gas supply pipe 510 which is connected to the gas supply pipe 310 .
- NH 3 can be prevented from flowing to the gas supply pipe 310 from the processing chamber 201 .
- step 14 of the second process the valve 324 of the gas supply pipe 320 is closed to stop supply of NH 3 into the processing chamber 201 .
- the APC valve 243 of the gas exhaust pipe 231 is kept open, and the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted to a pressure equal to or lower than 20 Pa by using the vacuum pump 246 so as to exhaust NH 3 remaining in the processing chamber 201 .
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is purged by supplying an inert gas such as N 2 into the processing chamber 201 through the gas supply pipe 320 constituting the NH 3 supply line and the gas supply pipe 310 constituting the TMA supply line, NH 3 remaining in the processing chamber 201 is removed more efficiently.
- the steps 11 to 14 are set as one cycle, and the cycle is performed at least once to form aluminum nitride films on the wafers 200 to a predetermined thickness by an ALD method.
- the atmosphere formed by the Al-containing source gas in step 11 and the atmosphere formed by the nitriding gas in step 13 should not mixed with each other in the processing chamber 201 when films are formed.
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated, and then an inert gas such as N 2 gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201 and exhausted from the processing chamber 201 so as to purge the inside of the processing chamber 201 .
- an inert gas such as N 2 gas
- the inside atmosphere of the processing chamber 201 is replaced with the inert gas such as N 2 , and the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201 returns to atmospheric pressure.
- a third process is performed to unload the processed wafers 200 from the processing chamber 201 . That is, the boat elevator 115 lowers the seal cap 219 to open the bottom side of the manifold 209 and unload the boat 217 in which the processed wafers 200 are held to the outside of the reaction tube 203 through the bottom side of the manifold 209 (boat unloading). Thereafter, the processed wafers 200 are discharged from the boat 217 (wafer discharging).
- a modifying process (fourth process) in which a modifying gas (oxidant) is supplied into the processing chamber 201 to modify conductive films or insulating films such as aluminum nitride films adhered to the inside of the processing chamber 201 .
- a modifying process is performed to modify aluminum nitride films adhered to the inside of the processing chamber 201 .
- an explanation will now be given on an exemplary modifying process in which aluminum nitride films adhered during the film forming process are oxidized with H 2 and O 2 .
- the boat 217 that is, the boat 217 in which wafers 200 are not charged, is lifted by using the boat elevator 115 to load the boat 217 into the processing chamber 201 (boat loading).
- boat loading the bottom side of the manifold 209 is sealed by the seal cap 219 with the O-ring 220 being disposed therebetween.
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated to a desired pressure (vacuum degree) by using the vacuum pump 246 .
- the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201 is measured by the pressure sensor 245 , and based on the measured pressure, the APC valve 243 is feedback-controlled.
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is heated to a desired temperature by using the heater 207 .
- power to the heater 207 is feedback-controlled based on temperature information measured by the temperature sensor 263 .
- the boat 217 is rotated by the rotary mechanism 267 . Alternatively, the boat 217 may not be rotated.
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is kept at a temperature between 400° C. to 800° C., for example, at 600° C. If the inside temperature of the processing chamber 201 reaches 600° C. and conditions such as a temperature condition are stabilized, the next treatment is performed while keeping the inside of the processing chamber 201 at 600° C. In addition, the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201 is adjusted to 0.5 Torr to 760 Torr.
- the valves 714 , 724 , 814 , and 824 of the gas supply pipes 710 , 720 , 810 , and 820 are opened to supply an oxygen-containing gas (oxidant) such as O 2 into the gas supply pipes 710 and 720 as a modifying gas, and a reducing agent such as H 2 into the gas supply pipes 810 and 820 to add the H 2 into the modifying gas.
- O 2 flows in the gas supply pipes 710 and 720 where the flow rates of the O 2 are controlled by the mass flow controllers 712 and 722 , and then flows into the gas supply pipes 740 and 750 .
- H 2 flows in the gas supply pipes 810 and 820 where the flow rates of the H 2 are controlled by the mass flow controllers 812 and 822 , and then flows into the gas supply pipes 740 and 750 .
- O 2 and H 2 flow in the gas supply pipes 740 and 750 toward the gas supply pipes 310 and 320 , and is then supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the gas supply pipe 310 and the gas supply pipe 320 through the gas supply holes 410 a and 420 a of the nozzles 410 and 420 .
- the controller 280 controls the mass flow controller 712 and the mass flow controller 722 to keep the flow rate of H 2 and O 2 in the range from 0.5 slm to 20 slm.
- the H 2 and O 2 are mixed with each other and become H 2 O, and aluminum nitride films adhered to the inner wall of the reaction tube 203 are oxidized by the H 2 O so that the aluminum nitride films are modified into aluminum oxide films.
- the oxidizing power of an oxidant is affected by the temperature distribution in the processing chamber 201 and is low at relatively low temperature regions (such as a furnace port part). However, since the thicknesses of aluminum nitride films adhered in the low temperature regions are small, low oxidizing power may not cause a problem. That is, although the oxidizing power is decreased, aluminum nitride films may be sufficiently oxidized, and thus the aluminum nitride films may be modified into aluminum oxide film.
- the valves 714 , 724 , 814 , and 824 of the gas supply pipes 710 , 720 , 810 , and 820 are closed to stop supplies of H 2 and O 2 .
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted to a pressure equal to or lower than 20 Pa by using the vacuum pump 246 so as to exhaust H 2 O remaining in the processing chamber 201 .
- a cleaning process (fifth process) in which a cleaning gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201 to remove deposited materials such as conductive films or insulating films adhered to the inside of the processing chamber 201 .
- a cleaning gas such as BCl 3
- the valves 914 and 924 of the gas supply pipes 910 and 920 are opened to supply a cleaning gas into the gas supply pipes 910 and 920 .
- a halogen-based gas such as BCl 3 is supplied as an etching gas.
- the flow rate of the BCl 3 is controlled by the mass flow controllers 912 and 922 , and the BCl 3 flows from the gas supply pipes 910 and 920 to the gas supply pipes 740 and 750 to the gas supply pipes 310 and 320 where the BCl 3 is supplied into the processing chamber 201 through the gas supply holes 410 a and 420 a of the nozzles 410 and 420 .
- the etching gas may be used at a concentration of about 100% to about 20% by diluting the etching gas with an inert gas such as N 2 .
- an inert gas such as N 2 .
- the valves 514 and 524 of the carrier gas supply pipes 510 and 520 are opened.
- the N 2 flows in the carrier gas supply pipes 510 and 520 where the flow rates of the N 2 are controlled by the mass flow controllers 512 and 522 , and in the gas supply pipes 310 and 320 , the N 2 is mixed with the etching gas the flow rate of which is controlled. Then, the mixture is supplied into the processing chamber 201 through the gas supply holes 410 a and 420 a of the nozzles 410 and 420 .
- supply of BCl 3 into the processing chamber 201 may be continuously carried out, or supply of BCl 3 may be intermittently (discontinuously) carried out so that supply of BCl 3 and exhaustion of BCl 3 to the exhaust pipe 231 can be alternately carried out. That is, the cleaning process may be performed by cyclic etching. That is, as shown in FIG. 7 , the cleaning process may be performed by setting the following step 21 to step 24 as one cycle and performing the cycle predetermined times.
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated. After the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201 reaches a first pressure, the APC valve 243 is closed. In this way, the inside of the processing chamber 201 and the exhaust system are closed.
- the valves 914 and 924 are opened to supply BCl 3 into the processing chamber 201 for a predetermined time.
- the valves 514 and 524 may be opened to supply an inert gas such as N 2 into the processing chamber 201 for diluting the etching gas (BCl 3 ). If the inside pressure of the processing chamber 201 reaches a second pressure, the valves 914 and 924 are closed to stop supply of BCl 3 into the processing chamber 201 .
- the valves 514 and 524 are also closed to stop supply of the inert gas into the processing chamber 201 .
- the gas supply system is closed.
- all the valves are closed. That is, both the gas supply system and the exhaust system are in a closed state. In this way, the inside of the processing chamber 201 is closed to confine the BCl 3 in the processing chamber 201 .
- the processing chamber 201 is kept for a predetermined time in the state where the processing chamber 201 is closed by closing the gas supply system and the exhaust system to confine the BCl 3 in the processing chamber 201 ,
- the APC valve 243 is opened, and the inside of the processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated through the exhaust pipe 231 . Thereafter, the valves 514 and 524 are opened to supply an inert gas such as N 2 into the processing chamber 201 while exhausting the inert gas through the exhaust pipe 231 . In this way, the inside of the processing chamber 201 is purged by gas.
- step 21 to step 24 are set as one cycle, and the cycle is performed predetermined times. In this way, cleaning is performed by cyclic etching.
- a step of closing the APC valve 243 for a predetermined time and a step of opening the APC valve 243 for a predetermined time are performed predetermined times. That is, intermittent (alternate) opening and closing of the APC valve 243 are carried out predetermined times.
- the amount of etching can be controlled by previously checking the rate of etching per cycle and adjusting the execution number of cycles.
- gas consumption can be reduced as compared with a cleaning method in which an etching gas is continuously supplied.
- the BCl 3 introduced into the processing chamber 201 diffuses throughout the inside of the processing chamber 201 and makes contact with materials deposited on the inside of the processing chamber 201 . That is, the BCl 3 makes contact with deposited materials such as aluminum oxide films adhered to the boat 217 and the inner wall of the reaction tube 203 .
- the aluminum oxide films may be etched away because boron (B) generating from the BCl 3 breaks Al—O bonds.
- B boron
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated, and an inert gas such as N 2 is supplied into the processing chamber 201 and exhausted the inert gas from the processing chamber 201 so as to purge the inside of the processing chamber 201 .
- an inert gas such as N 2
- the inside atmosphere of the processing chamber 201 is replaced with the inert gas such as N 2 .
- Cleaning may be performed by cyclic etching under the following exemplary process conditions:
- Process temperature 500° C. to 850° C.
- Second pressure 13.3 Pa to 66500 Pa, preferably, 13300 Pa to 26600 Pa
- BCl 3 supply flow rate 0.5 slm to 5 slm
- the cleaning may be performed.
- the film forming process (the first to third processes) is performed again on wafers 200 . That is, the boat 217 in which a plurality of wafers 200 are charged is loaded into the processing chamber 201 , and the step 11 to step 14 are repeated to form aluminum nitride films on the wafers 200 . Then, the boat 217 in which the processed wafers 200 are held is unloaded to the outside of the processing chamber 201 . In addition, if necessary the above-described modifying process (fourth process) is performed again, and the above-described cleaning process (fifth process) is performed again to clean the inside of the reaction tube 203 .
- the modifying process is performed before the cleaning process is performed to previously modify aluminum nitride films into aluminum oxide films. Since Al—O bonds can be easily broken by boron (B) generating from BCl 3 , aluminum nitride films (aluminum oxide films after modification) can be surely etched. In addition, although a compound (reaction product) having Al—Cl bonds or B—O bonds is generated, the compound having Al—Cl bonds (for example, AlCl 3 ) has a high vapor pressure, and thus it can be easily removed as a gas.
- the modifying process is performed as shown in FIG. 7 .
- aluminum nitride films to be oxidized in the modifying process can have a small thickness, and thus the aluminum nitride films can be oxidized more surely.
- the time necessary for oxidation can be reduced, and the oxidation rate can be increased (if the thickness of a film is large, an oxidant is difficult to diffuse into the film, and thus the oxidation rate decreases gradually). Therefore, in the cleaning process, aluminum nitride films (aluminum oxide films after modification) can be etched more surely.
- the inside of the processing chamber 201 is purged so that an oxidant does not remain in the processing chamber 201 . Therefore, a cleaning gas may not be mixed with an oxidant, and thus corrosion of inner members of the processing chamber 201 or gas supply system can be surely prevented.
- the current embodiment has the same film forming process as the first embodiment.
- a modifying process and a cleaning process of the current embodiment the same operations are performed as in the first embodiment.
- timings of the processes are different as shown in FIG. 8 .
- the modifying process and the cleaning process are consecutively performed.
- the processes are repeated predetermined times.
- the boat 217 in which wafers 200 are not held is loaded into the processing chamber 201 , and the inside pressure and temperature of the processing chamber 201 are adjusted.
- the aluminum nitride films are partially oxidized (step 11 )
- an oxidant is removed (step 12 )
- aluminum oxide films formed by modification are etched with a cleaning gas (step 33 )
- the cleaning gas is removed from the processing chamber 201 (step 34 ).
- a cycle of the steps 31 to 34 is performed predetermined times.
- overhead time necessary to perform the modifying process and the cleaning process (such as a time necessary to raise and lower the boat 217 and a time necessary to adjust pressure and temperature) can be largely reduced, and thus the productivity of a substrate processing process can be improved.
- the processes instead of performing the modifying process and the cleaning process once, the processes can be cyclically performed predetermined times to surely remove aluminum nitride films even when the thickness of the aluminum nitride films is great.
- the current embodiment has the same film forming process as the first embodiment.
- a modifying process and a cleaning process of the current embodiment the same operations are performed as in the first embodiment but timings of the processes are different. That is, in the first embodiment, the modifying process and the cleaning process are regularly performed. However, in the current embodiment, the modifying process and the cleaning process are irregularly performed. For example, the modifying process and the cleaning process may be performed during an idle time of a production (substrate processing) lot.
- the controller 280 calculates an accumulated film thickness based on the execution number of the film forming process, and determines whether to perform the modifying process and the cleaning process based on the calculated film thickness.
- the controller 280 may receive information about an accumulated film thickness from a sensor (not shown) disposed in the processing chamber 201 .
- the controller 280 may make a decision based on the execution number of the film forming process. Process conditions for the modifying process and the cleaning process are determined based on an calculated film thickness by the controller 280 .
- a plurality of recipes may be previously registered in a memory unit of the controller 280 , and when the modifying process and the cleaning process are performed, the controller 280 may select and read a proper one of the registered recipes from the memory unit.
- the modifying process and the cleaning process are irregularly performed, for example, during an idle time of a production lot, so that the number of production halts can be reduced and time can be saved.
- optimal process conditions or recipe
- insufficient cleaning or over-cleaning can be prevented.
- a film forming process is performed until films are formed to a predetermined thickness. Then, a modifying process is performed only once, and a cleaning process is performed predetermined times.
- step 41 aluminum nitride films are oxidized (step 41 ), an oxidant is removed (step 42 ), a cleaning gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201 (step 43 ), and the cleaning gas is removed from the inside of the processing chamber 201 (step 44 ).
- the step 43 and step 44 are set as one cycle, and cleaning is carried out by performing the cycle predetermined times, so that films adhered to the inside of the reaction tube 203 can be removed.
- the cleaning gas is intermittently supplied. However, the cleaning gas may be continuously supplied.
- the atmosphere is allowed to enter the inside of the processing chamber 201 when the boat 217 is loaded into the processing chamber 201 so that moisture and oxygen included in the atmosphere can react with films deposited on the inside of the reaction tube 203 .
- the present invention is not limited to aluminum nitride films described in the above-described embodiments.
- the present invention can be applied to any kind of film that cannot be removed by directly using a cleaning gas but can be removed as follows. After a film X that cannot be removed by directly using a cleaning gas is formed, the film X is oxidized, and a film Y formed by oxidizing the film X is removed by using a cleaning gas. That is, the present invention can be applied to any film that can couple with a component of a cleaning gas after the film is modified and produce a halide (reaction product) having a high vapor pressure.
- the present invention can be used for etching nitride films such as an aluminum nitride (AlN) film, a titanium nitride (TiN) film, a titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) film, a titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) film, a tantalum nitride (TaN) film, a tantalum silicon nitride (TaSiN) film, a boron nitride (BN) film, a hafnium nitride (HfN) film, a tungsten nitride (WN) film, and a silicon nitride (SiN).
- the present invention can be used for etching very thin films having different compositions and stacked in the form of a laminator, such as stacked films of a titanium nitride film and a an aluminum nitride film.
- a source used in a film forming process is not limited to the kinds of gases described in the previous embodiments as long as a film formed in a film forming process (etch-target film) is a nitride film described above.
- any other gas may be used as a modifying gas as long as the bond energy of elements of a film modified by the gas is smaller than the bond energy between a component of a cleaning gas and an element of the modified film.
- a cleaning gas is not limited to BCl 3 .
- Another gas such as HCl, Cl 2 , SiCl 4 , HBr, BBr 3 , SiBr 4 , and Br 2 may be used as a cleaning gas.
- the present invention is not limited the embodiments. That is, without removing an oxidant remaining in the processing chamber 201 , a cleaning process may be started.
- a cleaning gas (BCl 3 ) supplied into the processing chamber 201 may be mixed with a modifying gas remaining in the processing chamber 201 .
- oxygen (O) included in the oxidant (modifying gas) may attach B—Cl bonds of the BCl 3 to decompose the BCl 3 .
- the rate of etching may be increased within a predetermined oxygen concentration range.
- H 2 O used as an oxidant
- parts such as pipes of the gas supply system may be corroded.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are graphs illustrating composition distributions in the depth direction of aluminum nitride films after a modification process is performed.
- the horizontal axis denotes a depth (nm) from the surface of an aluminum nitride film after a modifying process was performed.
- the vertical axis denotes an element concentration (atomic %) measured in the depth direction of the aluminum nitride film by using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the surfaces of the aluminum nitride films were oxidized by a modifying process and thus the oxygen concentration was increased but the nitrogen concentration was decreased. That is, the surfaces of the aluminum nitride films were modified into aluminum oxide films by a modifying process. In addition, it could be understood that a more depth of the aluminum nitride film was modified into an aluminum oxide film as the oxidizing time was increased.
- a cleaning gas was supplied to evaluation samples on which a titanium nitride (TiN) film, an aluminum nitride (AlN) film, a titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) film, and an aluminum oxide (AlO) film were respectively formed. Then, etching of the films were tested.
- TiN titanium nitride
- AlN aluminum nitride
- TiAlN titanium aluminum nitride
- AlO aluminum oxide
- a modifying process was performed on the evaluation samples, and then a cleaning process was performed on the evaluation samples.
- H 2 O was used as a modifying gas (oxidant) to oxidize the evaluation samples.
- BCl 3 was used as a cleaning gas.
- the present invention makes it possible to efficiently remove deposited materials including a conductive film or insulting film adhered to parts such as the inner wall of a processing chamber and a substrate supporting tool disposed in the processing chamber.
- the present invention also includes the following preferred embodiments.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
- the forming, the unloading, and the modifying processes a plurality of times, removing the modified conductive film or the modified insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- the cleaning gas may be a halogen compound.
- the conductive film or insulating film may be a nitride film, and the modifying gas may be an oxygen-containing gas.
- the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of a halogen or organic compound and a nitrogen-containing gas.
- the removing process may be performed predetermined times.
- a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas comprising:
- a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas comprising:
- the modifying gas is selected such that bond energy of elements of the modified film is smaller than bond energy between a cleaning component of the cleaning gas and an element of the modified film.
- a substrate processing apparatus comprising:
- a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate
- a source gas supply system configured to supply a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber
- an oxygen-containing gas supply system configured to supply an oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber
- a cleaning gas supply system configured to supply a cleaning gas into the processing chamber
- an exhaust system configured to exhaust the processing chamber
- control unit is configured to control the source gas supply system, the oxygen-containing gas supply system, the cleaning gas supply system, and the exhaust system, so as to: form a nitride film on the substrate by supplying the plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; modify a nitride film adhered to the processing chamber into an oxide film by oxidizing the nitride film by supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber; and remove the oxide film by supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- the cleaning gas may be a halogen compound.
- the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of a halogen or organic compound and a nitrogen-containing gas.
- a cleaning method for removing a metal film or a metal nitride film deposited on a reaction chamber of a film forming apparatus by using a cleaning gas comprising alternately performing a oxidizing process and a cleaning process on the deposited film at least once to remove the deposited film.
- a cleaning method comprising:
- a film deposited in the furnace may be oxidized by introducing the atmosphere into the furnace.
- the oxidant gas may comprise one of O 2 , NO, O 3 , H 2 O, and H 2 +O 2 .
- the deposited film may comprise an aluminum nitride (AlN) film.
- AlN aluminum nitride
- the deposited film may comprise a titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) film.
- TiAlN titanium aluminum nitride
- the cleaning gas may comprise BCl 3 or Cl 2 .
- an oxidant may be simultaneously supplied into a processing chamber.
- a cleaning method comprising:
- a semiconductor device formed by the substrate processing apparatus.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
- the loading, the forming, the unloading, and the modifying processes may be set as one cycle, and each time the cycle may be performed predetermined times, the cleaning process may be performed.
- the modifying process and the cleaning process may be performed.
- the modifying process and the cleaning process may be alternately performed predetermined times.
- the cleaning process may be performed predetermined times.
- supplying of the cleaning gas and exhausting of the processing chamber may be alternately repeated predetermined times.
- the conductive film or the insulating film formed in the forming process may be a nitride film, and the modifying gas may be an oxygen-containing gas.
- the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of a halogen or organic compound and a nitrogen (N)-containing source.
- the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of Al, Ti, and Si.
- the nitrogen-containing source may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of NH 3 , N 2 , N 2 O, and CH 6 N 2 .
- the nitride film may be one selected from the group consisting of AlN, TiN, TiAlN, TiSiN, TaN, TaSiN, and SiN films.
- the oxygen-containing source may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of O 2 , O 3 , H 2 O, H 2 +O 2 , CO x , SO x , N x O (where x denotes an integer equal to or greater than 1).
- the cleaning gas may be a halogen-based gas.
- the cleaning gas may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of BCl 3 , HCl, Cl 2 , SiCl 4 , HBr, BBr 3 , SiBr 4 , and Br 2 .
- the forming process may be performed while keeping the substrate at 400° C. or lower, preferably, at 350° C.
- the oxygen-containing source may be H 2 O OR H 2 +O 2
- the modifying process may be performed while keeping the inside atmosphere of the processing chamber at a predetermined temperature between 400° C. and 800° C.
- the cleaning process may be performed while keeping the inside atmosphere of the processing chamber at a predetermined temperature between 500° C. and 850° C.
- the atmosphere may be introduced into the processing chamber to oxidize the conductive film or insulating film adhered to the processing chamber.
- a substrate processing apparatus comprising:
- a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate
- a source gas supply unit configured to supply a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber
- a modifying gas supply unit configured to supply a modifying gas into the processing chamber
- a cleaning gas supply unit configured to supply a cleaning gas into the processing chamber
- an exhaust unit configured to exhaust the processing chamber
- control unit is configured to control the source gas supply unit, the modifying gas supply unit, the cleaning gas supply unit, and the exhaust unit, so as to: form a film on the substrate by supplying the plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; modify a film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying the modifying gas into the processing chamber; and clean the modified film by supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas comprising:
- a cleaning method for removing a nitride film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a nitride film on a substrate by supplying a source gas comprising:
- a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas comprising:
- the modifying gas is selected such that bond energy of elements of the modified film is smaller than bond energy between a cleaning component of the cleaning gas and an element of the modified film.
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Abstract
It is possible to efficiently remove deposited materials such as a conductive film or insulting film adhered to parts such as the inner wall of a processing chamber and a substrate supporting tool disposed in the processing chamber. There is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method comprises: loading a substrate into a processing chamber; forming a conductive film or an insulating film on the substrate by supplying a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; unloading the substrate from the processing chamber; and modifying a conductive film or an insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber. After performing a cycle of the loading, the forming, the unloading, and the modifying processes a plurality of times, the modified conductive film or the modified insulating film adhered to the processing chamber is removed from the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
Description
- The present application is a Divisional Application of application Ser. No. 12/862,180, filed Aug. 24, 2010; which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2009-196950, filed on Aug. 27, 2009, and 2010-154278, filed on Jul. 6, 2010, in the Japanese Patent Office, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device through a substrate processing process, and relates to a cleaning method and a substrate processing apparatus.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- As a method of forming a predetermined film on a substrate, there is a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. In a CVD method, two or more sources are caused to react with each other in a gaseous state or on the surface of a substrate to form a film including elements of source molecules on the substrate. As another method of forming a predetermined film on a substrate, there is an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. In an ALD method, two or more film-forming sources are alternately supplied to a substrate under predetermined film formation conditions (temperature, time, etc.), and the sources are adsorbed on the substrate on an atomic layer basis to form a film by a surface reaction. As compared with a conventional CVD method, the ALD process can be performed at a lower substrate temperature (process temperature), and the thickness of a film formed on a substrate can be controlled by adjusting the execution number of a film-forming cycle.
- An aluminum nitride (AlN) film and a titanium nitride (TiN) film are examples of a conductive film that can be formed on a substrate. In addition, there are examples of other conductive films such as a tantalum (Ta) film, a tungsten (W) film, a manganese (Mn) film, a film made of a nitride thereof, a titanium (Ti) film, and an aluminum (Al) film. In addition, examples of insulating films include a film formed by oxidizing Hf, Zr, or Al, and a film formed by nitriding Hf, Zr, or Al.
- Such a conductive film or insulating film may be formed by supplying a process gas into a processing chamber in which a substrate is loaded. However, when such a conductive film or insulating film is formed, deposited materials including such a conductive film or insulating film are adhered to the inner wall of the processing chamber and a substrate supporting tool disposed in the processing chamber. If a film is deposited on the inside of the processing chamber to a large thickness, the film may crack due to increasing stresses, and thus contaminants (such as adhered materials that were stripped from the inside of the processing chamber) may be generated. If such contaminants permeate the conductive film or insulating film formed on the substrate, the product process yield may be decreased. Therefore, each time the thickness of a film formed by deposited materials reaches a predetermined value, it is necessary to remove the film. For this, it is preferable that deposited materials are removed by etching them using a cleaning gas without disassembling the processing chamber. If a film can be removed by a cleaning gas, since it is not necessary to disassemble the processing chamber, manpower can be saved, and breakage of processing chamber components can be prevented. Therefore, operational costs can be reduced, and the operating rate of an apparatus can be improved. For example,
Patent Document 1 below discloses etching technology of a film such as an insulating film by using BCl3. - [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-146787
- When an aluminum nitride film is formed on a substrate as a conductive film, for example, trimethylaluminum (TMA, Al(CH3)3) may be used as an aluminum (Al)-containing source, and ammonia (NH3) may be used a nitriding gas. An aluminum nitride film is used as an insulating film, and by stacked an aluminum nitride film on a titanium (TiN) film in an alternating manner, the aluminum nitride film can be used for forming an electrode.
- However, if an aluminum nitride film is etched by using BCl3 (halogen-base gas) as a cleaning gas, the aluminum nitride film is not sufficiently etched so that it is difficult to remove the aluminum nitride film completely.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a cleaning method, and a substrate processing apparatus, by which a conductive film or insulating film can be efficiently removed.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
- loading a substrate into a processing chamber;
- forming a conductive film or an insulating film on the substrate by supplying a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber;
- unloading the substrate from the processing chamber; and
- modifying a conductive film or an insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber;
- after performing a cycle of the loading, the forming, the unloading, and the modifying processes a plurality of times, removing the modified conductive film or the modified insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas, the cleaning method comprising:
- each time a film is formed on a substrate, modifying a film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber; and
- removing the film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber to remove the modified film.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a substrate processing apparatus comprising:
- a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate;
- a source gas supply system configured to supply a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber;
- an oxygen-containing gas supply system configured to supply an oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber;
- a cleaning gas supply system configured to supply a cleaning gas into the processing chamber;
- an exhaust system configured to exhaust the processing chamber; and
- a control unit,
- wherein the control unit is configured to control the source gas supply system, the oxygen-containing gas supply system, the cleaning gas supply system, and the exhaust system, so as to: form a nitride film on the substrate by supplying the plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; modify a nitride film adhered to the processing chamber into an oxide film by oxidizing the nitride film by supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber; and remove the oxide film by supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
-
FIG. 1A throughFIG. 1C are schematic views illustrating an etching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2A throughFIG. 2C are schematic views illustrating an etching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a substrate processing apparatus that can be properly used according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a processing furnace and surrounding members that can be properly used according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a vertical section of the processing furnace is illustrated. -
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the processing furnace ofFIG. 4 that can be properly used according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a film forming sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a sequence according to a second embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 is a view illustrating sequences of a modifying process and a cleaning process according to the second embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 10 is a view illustrating sequences of a modifying process and a cleaning process according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating a composition distribution in the depth direction of an aluminum nitride film after a modifying process is performed with an oxidizing time of 1 minute. -
FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating a composition distribution in the depth direction of an aluminum nitride film after a modifying process is performed with an oxidizing time of 5 minutes. - Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, an explanation will be given on a cleaning method according to preferred embodiments of the present invention. Since the cleaning method of the current embodiment is performed by using an etching phenomenon, the terms “etching” and “cleaning” have similar meanings in the present invention.
- <Etching Principle>
- What is first considered is the reason why an aluminum nitride film is not sufficiently etched by BCl3. Since a large amount of activation energy is necessary to break an Al—N bond, the Al—N bond may not be broken if the Al—N bond is attacked only by boron (B) and chlorine (Cl) generating from BCl3. Although it is also caused by a process temperature of a processing chamber, it may be impossible to perform etching at about 600° C. If the process temperature is greatly increased, although etching can be sufficiently performed even by using BCl3, it is difficult to apply this method to a vertical apparatus requiring a low process temperature.
- In the case of cleaning an oxide film (such as HfO2, ZrO2, TiO2), it is known that the oxide film can be removed by using BCl3. Therefore, in the present invention, an aluminum nitride film is modified into an aluminum oxide film by oxidizing the aluminum nitride film, and then the aluminum oxide film is cleaned. In addition, for improving the cleaning efficiency, it is effective to repeat, predetermined times, an oxidizing process for changing to an aluminum oxide film and a process of cleaning the aluminum oxide film.
- To oxidize an aluminum nitride film, an oxidant such as O2, No, O3, H2O, and H2+O2 may be used.
- An aluminum nitride film is easily oxidized by O2, and generally, a process temperature of 800° C. or higher is necessary. This may be due to high activation energy necessary to break an Al—N bond, and the Al—N bond may not be broken if the Al—N bond is attacked by only O2 or O. A H2O oxidation method, in which wafer vapor or H2+O2 is supplied into a
processing chamber 201 to generate H2O in theprocessing chamber 201, may be effective in that an aluminum nitride film can be oxidized at a relatively low temperature. Low-temperature oxidation is possible by using H2O, and the reason for this may be because OH of H2O reduces the activation energy necessary to break the Al—N bond. - As described above, the process temperature of a processing chamber necessary for oxidizing a film is varied according to the kind of an oxidant. For example, in the case of H2O, the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 400° C. to 800° C., for example, 600° C.; in the case of O3, the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 700° C. to 800° C., for example, 800° C.; and in the case of NO, the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 700° C. to 800° C., for example, 800° C. Furthermore, in the case where an aluminum nitride film is oxidized by using H2+O2, since it is considered that H2O is generated in a processing chamber, the process temperature may be set to be in the range from 400° C. to 800° C., for example, 600° C. like in the case of H2O.
- When an aluminum nitride film is modified into an aluminum oxide film by oxidation and the aluminum oxide film is etched, a predicted etching mechanism of the aluminum oxide film will now be explained with reference to
FIG. 1A throughFIG. 1C andFIG. 2A throughFIG. 2C .FIG. 1A throughFIG. 1C are schematic views illustrating a predicted mechanism with micro-scale films, andFIG. 2A throughFIG. 2C are schematic views illustrating the predicted mechanism in atomic scale. - First, if an oxidant is supplied to an aluminum nitride film (
FIG. 1A andFIG. 2A ), the aluminum nitride film may be modified into an aluminum oxide film (FIG. 1B andFIG. 2B ). Next, if BCl3 is supplied to the aluminum oxide film as a cleaning gas, the aluminum oxide film may be etched while Al—O bonds are broken to produce substances such as BOCl, BO2, and AlCl3 (FIG. 1C andFIG. 2C ). - When BCl3 is supplied, the aluminum oxide film may be etched because Al—O bonds are broken by boron (B) generated from BCl3. As a result of the etching process, compounds (reaction compounds) having Al—Cl bonds or B—O bonds may be generated. Here, a compound having Al—Cl bonds (such as AlCL3) may be easily removed in a gaseous state owing its high vapor pressure.
- However, although BCl3 is supplied, it may be difficult to etch the aluminum nitride film because the activation energy necessary to break Al—N bonds is greater than the activation energy necessary to break Al—O bonds and the Al—N bonds are not broken by boron (B) generated from the BCl3. The activation energy of an Al—N bond is as explained above. However, the bond energy of an Al—N is lower than the bond energy of an Al—O bond.
- <Overall Structure of Apparatus>
- Next, an explanation will be given on a usage of the above-described <etching principle> according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, an explanation will be given on an exemplary substrate processing apparatus and a cleaning method thereof that use the above-described <etching principle>. The substrate processing apparatus of the current embodiment is configured as an example of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus used in fabrication of a semiconductor device (integrated circuit (IC)). In the following description, an explanation will be given on the case of using a vertical batch type apparatus as an example of the substrate processing apparatus configured to perform a process such as a film forming process on a substrate. However, the present invention is not limited to the use of the vertical batch type apparatus. For example, the present invention can also be applied to other apparatuses such as a horizontal type apparatus or a single-wafer type apparatus.
- As shown in
FIG. 3 , in asubstrate processing apparatus 101,cassettes 110 are used to accommodate substrates such aswafers 200. Thewafers 200 are made of a material such as silicon. Thesubstrate processing apparatus 101 includes acase 111. In thecase 111, acassette stage 114 is installed. Thecassettes 110 are configured to be carried onto thecassette stage 114, or carried away from thecassette stage 114, by an in-process carrying device (not shown). - On the
cassette stage 114, acassette 110 is placed by the in-process carrying device in a manner such thatwafers 200 are vertically positioned in thecassette 110 and a wafer entrance of thecassette 110 is pointed upward. Thecassette stage 114 is configured so that thecassette 110 is rotated 90° counterclockwise in a longitudinal direction to the backward of thecase 111 so as to horizontally orient thewafers 200 of thecassette 110 and point the wafer entrance of thecassette 110 to the backward of thecase 111. - Near the inner center part of the
case 111 in a front-to-back direction, acassette shelf 105 is installed. Thecassette shelf 105 is configured to store a plurality ofcassettes 110 in a plurality of stages and a plurality of rows. - At the
cassette shelf 105, atransfer shelf 123 is installed to storecassettes 110 that are carrying objects of awafer transfer mechanism 125. - At the upper side of the
cassette stage 114, astandby cassette shelf 107 is installed. Thestandby cassette shelf 107 is configured to storestandby cassettes 110. - Between the
cassette stage 114 and thecassette shelf 105, acassette carrying device 118 is installed. Thecassette carrying device 118 includes acassette elevator 118 a capable of moving upward and downward while holding acassette 110, and acassette carrying mechanism 118 b. Thecassette carrying device 118 is configured to carrycassettes 110 among thecassette stage 114, thecassette shelf 105, and thestandby cassette shelf 107 by continuous motions of thecassette elevator 118 a and thecassette carrying mechanism 118 b. - At the backside of the
cassette shelf 105, thewafer transfer mechanism 125 is installed. Thewafer transfer mechanism 125 includes awafer transfer device 125 a capable of rotating or linearly movingwafers 200 in a horizontal direction, and a wafertransfer device elevator 125 b configured to move thewafer transfer device 125 a upward and downward. At thewafer transfer device 125 a, tweezers 125 c are installed to pick upwafers 200. Thewafer transfer mechanism 125 is configured such thatwafers 200 can be placed on thetweezers 125 c to charge thewafers 200 into aboat 217 or discharge thewafers 200 from theboat 217 by continuous motions of thewafer transfer device 125 a and the wafertransfer device elevator 125 b. - At the upside of the rear part of the
case 111, aprocessing furnace 202 is installed to perform a heat treatment process onwafers 200, and the bottom side of theprocessing furnace 202 is configured to be opened and closed by afurnace port shutter 147. - At the downside of the
processing furnace 202, aboat elevator 115 is installed to move theboat 217 upward to and downward from theprocessing furnace 202. Anarm 128 is connected to an elevating table of theboat elevator 115. Aseal cap 219 is horizontally installed on thearm 128. Theseal cap 219 supports theboat 217 vertically, and is configured to seal the bottom side of theprocessing furnace 202. - The
boat 217 includes a plurality of holding members and is configured to hold a plurality of wafers 200 (for example, about fifty to one hundred fifty wafers) horizontally in a state where thewafers 200 are vertically arranged with the centers of thewafers 200 being aligned. - At the upside of the
cassette shelf 105, acleaning unit 134 a is installed to supply clean air as a purified atmosphere. Thecleaning unit 134 a includes a supply fan and a dust filter to supply clean air to the inside of thecase 111. - At the left side end part of the
case 111, anothercleaning unit 134 b is installed to supply clean air. Thecleaning system 134 b includes a supply fan and a dust filter to supply clean air to the surrounding areas of thewafer transfer device 125 a, theboat 217, and the like. After flowing around thewafer transfer device 125 a, theboat 217, and the like, the clean air is exhausted to the outside of thecase 111. - <Operation of Substrate Processing Apparatus>
- Next, a main operation of the
substrate processing apparatus 101 will be described. - A
cassette 110 is carried and placed on thecassette stage 114 by the in-process carrying device (not shown) in a state wherewafers 200 inside thecassette 110 are vertically positioned and the wafer entrance of thecassette 110 is pointed upward. Thereafter, thecassette 110 is rotated counterclockwise by 90° in a longitudinal direction toward the backward of thecase 111 by thecassette stage 114 so that thewafers 200 inside thecassette 110 are horizontally positioned and the wafer entrance of thecassette 110 is pointed to the backward of thecase 111. - Then, the
cassette 110 is automatically carried and placed by thecassette carrying device 118 to a specified shelf position of thecassette shelf 105 or thestandby cassette shelf 107 where thecassette 110 is temporarily stored. Thereafter, thecassette 110 is transferred to thetransfer shelf 123 from thecassette shelf 105 or thestandby cassette shelf 107 by thecassette carrying device 118. Alternatively, thecarry cassette 110 may be directly transferred to thetransfer shelf 123 from thecassette stage 114. - After the
cassette 110 is transferred to thetransfer shelf 123,wafers 200 are picked up from thecassette 110 through the wafer entrance of thecassette 110 and are charged into theboat 217 by thetweezers 125 c of thewafer transfer device 125 a. After delivering thewafer 200 to theboat 217, thewafer transfer device 125 a returns to thecassette 110 so as to charge thenext wafers 200 into theboat 217. - After a predetermined number of
wafers 200 are charged into theboat 217, the bottom side of theprocessing furnace 202 closed by thefurnace port shutter 147 is opened by moving thefurnace shutter 147. Subsequently, theboat 217 in which a group ofwafers 200 is held is loaded into theprocessing furnace 202 by an ascending motion of theboat elevator 115, and the bottom side of theprocessing furnace 202 is closed by theseal cap 219. - After the loading, a predetermined treatment process is performed on the
wafers 200 charged in theprocessing furnace 202. Thereafter, thewafers 200 and thecassette 110 are carried to the outside of thecase 111 in a reverse sequence of the above. - <Structure of Processing Furnace>
- Next, with reference to
FIG. 4 andFIG. 5 , theprocessing furnace 202 of thesubstrate processing apparatus 101 will be described. - As shown in
FIG. 4 andFIG. 5 , at theprocessing furnace 202, aheater 207 is installed as a heating device (heating unit) to heatwafers 200. Theheater 207 includes an insulating member having a cylindrical shape with a closed top side, and a plurality of heating wires installed with respect to the insulating member to form a heating unit structure. Inside theheater 207, areaction tube 203 made of quartz is installed to processwafers 200. - At the lower end of the
reaction tube 203, a manifold 209 made of a material such as stainless steel is installed in a manner such that an O-ring 220 is disposed therebetween as a sealing member. A bottom opening of the manifold 209 is hermetically closed by a cover such as theseal cap 219 with a sealing member such as an O-ring 220 being disposed therebetween. That is, at the lower side of thereaction tube 203, theseal cap 219 is installed as a furnace port cover capable of hermetically closing a bottom opening of thereaction tube 203. Theseal cap 219 is configured to make contact with the bottom side of thereaction tube 203 in a perpendicular direction from the lower side. Theseal cap 219 is made of a metal such as stainless steel and has a circular disk shape. On the surface of theseal cap 219, the O-ring 220 is installed as a seal member configured to make contact with the bottom side of thereaction tube 203. In theprocessing furnace 202, theprocessing chamber 201 is formed by at least thereaction tube 203, the manifold 209, and theseal cap 219. - At a side of the
seal cap 219 opposite to theprocessing chamber 201, arotary mechanism 267 is installed to rotate theboat 217. Arotation shaft 255 of therotary mechanism 267 penetrates theseal cap 219 and is connected to the boat 217 (described later) through aboat support 218 that supports theboat 217. By rotating theboat 217 with therotary mechanism 267,wafers 200 can be rotated. Theseal cap 219 is configured to be vertically moved by an elevating mechanism such as theboat elevator 115 installed outside thereaction tube 203, so that theboat 217 can be loaded into and unloaded from theprocessing chamber 201. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , theboat 217 includes abottom plate 210 fixed to theboat support 218, atop plate 211 disposed at the top side of theboat 217, and a plurality ofpillars 212 installed between thebottom plate 210 and thetop plate 211. Theboat 217 is configured to hold a plurality ofwafers 200. The plurality ofwafers 200 are supported by thepillars 212 of theboat 217 in a state where thewafers 200 are arranged at regular intervals and horizontally oriented. - At the above-described
processing furnace 202, in a state where a plurality ofwafers 200 to be batch-processed are piled in multiple states inside theboat 217, theboat 217 is inserted into theprocessing chamber 201 while being supported by theboat support 218, and then theheater 207 heats thewafers 200 inserted in theprocessing chamber 201 to a predetermined temperature. - As shown in
FIG. 4 andFIG. 5 , twogas supply pipes 310 and 320 (a firstgas supply pipe 310 and a second gas supply pipe 320) are connected to theprocessing chamber 201 to supply a plurality of source gases (reaction gases), an inert gas, a modifying gas (oxidant), and a cleaning gas. - At the
gas supply pipe 310, a flow rate control device (flow rate control unit) such as amass flow controller 312, a vaporizing unit (vaporizing device) such as avaporizer 700, and an on-off valve such as avalve 314 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of thegas supply pipe 310. The upstream end of a nozzle 410 (first nozzle 410) is connected to the leading end (downstream end) of thegas supply pipe 310. Thenozzle 410 has an L-shape constituted by a vertical part and a horizontal part. The vertical part of thenozzle 410 extends in a vertical direction (stacked direction of wafers 200) in the arc-shaped space between thereaction tube 203 constituting theprocessing chamber 201 and thewafers 200 along the inner wall of thereaction tube 203. The horizontal part of thenozzle 410 is installed such that the horizontal part penetrates the side wall of themanifold 209. A plurality of gas supply holes 410 a are formed in the lateral side of thenozzle 410 to supply a source gas through the gas supply holes 410 a. The sizes of the gas supply holes 410 a are equal or varied from the lower side to the upper side, and the gas supply holes 410 a are arranged at the same pitch. - In addition, a
vent line 610, which is connected to an exhaust pipe 231 (described later), is connected to thegas supply pipe 310 at a position between thevaporizer 700 and thevalve 314. At thevent line 610, avalve 614 is installed. When a source gas is not supplied into theprocessing chamber 201, the source gas may be discharged to thevent line 610 through thevalve 614 by opening thevalve 614 in a state where thevalves - In addition, the downstream end of a carrier
gas supply pipe 510 is connected to the downstream side of thevalve 314 of thegas supply pipe 310 to supply an inert gas as a carrier gas. At the carriergas supply pipe 510, amass flow controller 512 and avalve 514 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 510. - In addition, the downstream end of a
gas supply pipe 740 is connected to thegas supply pipe 310 at a position closer to theprocessing chamber 201 than a joint part between the carriergas supply pipe 510 and thegas supply pipe 310. The downstream end of agas supply pipe 710, the downstream end of agas supply pipe 810, and the downstream end of agas supply pipe 910 are connected to the upstream side of thegas supply pipe 740. At the carriergas supply pipe 710, amass flow controller 712 and avalve 714 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 710. At the carriergas supply pipe 810, amass flow controller 812 and a valve 814 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 810. At the carriergas supply pipe 910, amass flow controller 912 and avalve 914 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 910. - At the
gas supply pipe 320, a flow rate control device (flow rate control unit) such as amass flow controller 322, and avalve 324 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of thegas supply pipe 320. The upstream end of a nozzle 420 (second nozzle 420) is connected to the leading end (downstream end) of thegas supply pipe 320. Thenozzle 420 has an L-shape constituted by a vertical part and a horizontal part. Like the vertical part of thenozzle 410, the vertical part of thenozzle 420 extends in a vertical direction (stacked direction of wafers 200) in the arc-shaped space between thereaction tube 203 constituting theprocessing chamber 201 and thewafers 200 along the inner wall of thereaction tube 203. The horizontal part of thenozzle 420 is installed such that the horizontal part penetrates the side wall of themanifold 209. A plurality of gas supply holes 420 a are formed in the lateral side of thenozzle 420 to supply a source gas through the gas supply holes 420 a. Like the gas supply holes 410 a, the sizes of the gas supply holes 420 a are equal or varied from the lower side to the upper side, and the gas supply holes 420 a are arranged at the same pitch. - In addition, the downstream end of a carrier
gas supply pipe 520 is connected to the downstream side of thevalve 324 of thegas supply pipe 320 to supply an inert gas as a carrier gas. At the carriergas supply pipe 520, amass flow controller 522 and avalve 524 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 520. - In addition, the downstream end of a
gas supply pipe 750 is connected to thegas supply pipe 310 at a position closer to theprocessing chamber 201 than a joint part between the carriergas supply pipe 520 and the gas supply pipe 3w 0. The downstream end of agas supply pipe 720, the downstream end of agas supply pipe 820, and the downstream end of agas supply pipe 920 are connected to the upstream side of thegas supply pipe 750. At the carriergas supply pipe 720, amass flow controller 722 and avalve 724 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 720. At the carriergas supply pipe 820, amass flow controller 822 and avalve 824 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 810. At the carriergas supply pipe 920, amass flow controller 922 and avalve 924 are installed sequentially from the upstream side of the carriergas supply pipe 920. - For example, if a source supplied into the
gas supply pipe 310 is liquid, the liquid source is supplied to thevaporizer 700 while controlling the flow rate of the liquid source by using themass flow controller 312. A vaporized gas, which is a source gas (reaction gas) generated by vaporizing a liquid source at thevaporizer 700, flows to the downstream side of thegas supply pipe 310 through thevalve 314 where the vaporized gas is mixed with a carrier gas supplied from the carriergas supply pipe 510, and then the gas mixture is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 through thenozzle 410. In addition, by controlling thevalves processing chamber 201 either through thegas supply pipe 310 or thegas supply pipe 320 or both through thegas supply pipes gas supply pipe 310 is gas, themass flow controller 312 may be replaced with a mass flow controller adapted to control the flow rate of gas, and thevaporizer 700 may be not used. - In the above-described structure, as an example of a source gas, an Al source (e.g., trimethylaluminum (TMA) or aluminum chloride (AlCl3)), or a Ti source (e.g., titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (TDMAT, Ti[N(CH3)2]4), or tetrakis(diethylamino)titanium (TDEAT, Ti[N(CH2CH3)2]4)) may be introduced into the
gas supply pipe 310. For example, as an example of a source gas (modifying gas), a nitriding agent such as ammonia (NH3), nitrogen (N2), nitrous oxide (N2O), or monomethylhydrazine (CH6N2) may be introduced into thegas supply pipe 320. - In addition, an oxygen-containing (oxidant) such as O2 is intruded into the
gas supply pipe 710 and thegas supply pipe 720 as a modifying gas. In addition, a reducing agent such as H2 is intruded into thegas supply pipe 810 and thegas supply pipe 820 to add the reducing agent into a modifying gas. Each of O2 and H2 flows through thegas supply pipe 740 and thegas supply pipe 750 toward thegas supply pipe 310 and thegas supply pipe 320, and is then supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 from thegas supply pipe 310 and thegas supply pipe 320 through thenozzle 410 and thenozzle 420. Instead of using O2, for example, O3, H2O, H2+O2, COx, SOx, NxO (where x denotes an integer greater than 1), or a gas mixture thereof may be used as an oxidant. If it is not necessary to add H2 gas to a modifying gas, thegas supply pipes gas supply pipes - Although various materials may be used as a modifying gas (oxidant), it may be preferable to use H2O as a modifying gas because an etching target film (for example, aluminum nitride film) (described later) can be easily oxidized. In addition, a device such as an ionizer is not necessary, and thus costs can be reduced. In addition, like in the current embodiment, it may be more preferable to use a mixture gas prepared by adding H2 to O2. In this case, as compared with the case where H2O gas is generated by bubbling, a larger amount of moisture can be supplied into the
processing chamber 201, and thus oxidizing power can be increased. Although O3 may be used because it has a great oxidizing power, an ozonizer is additionally required. Although the oxidizing rate may be reduced if O2 (elemental substance) is used as compared with the case of using H2O or O3, O2 may be used. - A cleaning gas (etching gas) is introduced into the
gas supply pipe 910 and thegas supply pipe 920 from the upstream sides thereof. The cleaning gas flows through thegas supply pipe 740 and thegas supply pipe 750 toward thegas supply pipe 310 and thegas supply pipe 320, and is then supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 from thegas supply pipe 310 and thegas supply pipe 320 through thenozzle 410 and thenozzle 420. - Preferably, a gas containing a compound having an energy level higher than the activation energy (for example, the activation energy of an A—O bond) of a component of an etching target film (for example, an aluminum oxide film obtained by modifying a aluminum nitride film) (described later) may be used as a cleaning gas. In addition, preferably, a gas, which reacts with an etching target film and produces a metal compound that can be easily removed as a gas owing to its high vapor pressure, may be used as a cleaning gas. For example, a halogen-based gas containing boron (B) such as BCl3, HCl, Cl2, SiCl4, HBr, BBr3, SiBr4, Br2, or a mixture gas thereof may be preferably used as a cleaning gas. Since a fluorine (F)-containing gas produces a metal compound (such as AlF3) having a low vapor pressure (difficult to be removed as a gas) if the fluorine (F)-containing gas reacts with an etching target film, the fluorine (F)-containing gas is not preferable as a cleaning gas.
- Examples of halides that can be used as a cleaning gas and properties of the halides are shown in Table 1 below. In addition, examples of Ti halides and Al halides that can be produced by etching reaction, and properties of the halides are shown in Table 2 below.
-
TABLE 1 Examples of cleaning gas (Halides containing boron (B)) Materials BCl3 BBr3 Bl3 Phase at 25° C. Gas Liquid Solid Melting point (° C.) −107.3 −40 50 Boiling point (° C.) 12.6 91 210 Main vapor pressure (Torr) 5.3 (63.4° C.) -
TABLE 2 Ti halides Al halides Materials TiCl4 TiBr4 Til4 AlCl3 AlBr3 All3 Phase at Liquid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid 25° C. Melting point −25 39 150 192.6 97.5 191 (° C.) (2.5 Atm.) Boiling point 136.5 230 377 180 (Sublimation) 255 360 (° C.) Main vapor 7 (120° C.) 1 (81.3° C.) 1 (178° C.) pressure(Torr) 90 (150° C.) 150 (190° C.) - As shown in Table 1, any one of BCl3, BBr3, and Bl3 may be preferably used as a cleaning gas when their melting points and boiling points are considered. However, since it is necessary to heat Bl3 for vaporizing Bi3, BCl3 and BBr3 may be more preferable as a cleaning gas. Although BBr3 is liquid at normal temperature, since the vapor pressure of BBr3 is high, BBr3 may be used as a cleaning gas.
- For example, if a titanium oxide film is etched with BCl3, a halide such as TiCl3, TiBr4, and TiI4 shown in Table 2 are generated as a reaction product. It is considered that TiBr4 has a vapor pressure similar to that of AlCl3, and thus TiBr4 may be easily removed as a gas. For example, if an aluminum oxide film is etched with BCl3, a halide such as AlCl3, AlBr3, and AlI3 are generated as a reaction product. It is considered that AlBR3 has a vapor pressure similar to that of AlCl3, and thus AlBr3 may be easily removed as a gas.
- A TMA supply line is constituted mainly by the
gas supply pipe 310, themass flow controller 312, thevaporizer 700, thevalve 314, thenozzle 410, and the gas supply holes 410 a. In addition, a NH3 supply line is constituted mainly by thegas supply pipe 320, themass flow controller 322, thevalve 324, thenozzle 420, and the gas supply holes 420 a. In addition, a source gas supply system is constituted mainly by the TMA supply line and the NH3 supply line to supply a plurality of source gases (for example, TMA and NH3) into theprocessing chamber 201. - In addition, an inert gas supply system is constituted mainly by the carrier
gas supply pipe 510, themass flow controller 512, thevalve 514, thegas supply pipe 310, thenozzle 410, the gas supply holes 410 a, the carriergas supply pipe 520, themass flow controller 522, thevalve 524, thegas supply pipe 320, thenozzle 420, and the gas supply holes 420 a, so as to supply an inert gas into theprocessing chamber 201 as a carrier gas or a purge gas. - In addition, an oxygen-containing gas supply system, which supplies an oxygen-containing gas (oxidant) into the
processing chamber 201 as a modifying gas, is constituted mainly by thegas supply pipe 710, themass flow controller 712, thevalve 714, thegas supply pipe 810, themass flow controller 812, the valve 814, thegas supply pipe 740, thegas supply pipe 310, thenozzle 410, the gas supply holes 410 a, thegas supply pipe 720, themass flow controller 722 thevalve 724, thegas supply pipe 820, themass flow controller 822, thevalve 824, thegas supply pipe 750, thegas supply pipe 320, thenozzle 420, and the gas supply holes 420 a. - In addition, a cleaning gas supply system, which supplies a cleaning gas into the
processing chamber 201, is constituted mainly by thegas supply pipe 910, themass flow controller 912, thevalve 914, thegas supply pipe 740, thegas supply pipe 310, thenozzle 410, the gas supply holes 410 a, thegas supply pipe 920, themass flow controller 922, thevalve 924, thegas supply pipe 750, thegas supply pipe 320, thenozzle 420, and the gas supply holes 420 a. - At the
reaction tube 203, theexhaust pipe 231 is installed to exhaust the inside atmosphere of theprocessing chamber 201. Apressure sensor 245 which is a pressure detector (pressure detecting part) configured to detect the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201, an auto pressure controller (APC)valve 243 which is a pressure regulator (pressure regulating part), and avacuum pump 246 which is a vacuum exhaust device are sequentially installed from the upstream side of theexhaust pipe 231. By operating thevacuum pump 246 and controlling the degree of opening of theAPC valve 243 based on pressure information detected by thepressure sensor 245, the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 can be vacuum-evacuated to a predetermined pressure (vacuum degree). - The
APC valve 243 is an on-off valve, which can be opened and closed to start and stop vacuum evacuation of the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 and can be adjusted in degree of valve opening for pressure adjustment. An exhaust system is constituted mainly by theexhaust pipe 231, theAPC valve 243, thevacuum pump 246, and thepressure sensor 245. - At the
reaction tube 203, atemperature sensor 263 is installed as a temperature detector. By controlling power supplied to theheater 207 based on temperature information detected by thetemperature sensor 263, desired temperature distribution can be obtained in theprocessing chamber 201. Like thenozzles temperature sensor 263 has an L-shape and is disposed along the inner wall of thereaction tube 203. - At the center part inside the
reaction tube 203, theboat 217 is installed. As described above, theboat 217 is configured to be loaded into and unloaded from thereaction tube 203 by raising and lowering theseal cap 219 with theboat elevator 115. In addition, as described above, therotation shaft 255 of the (boat)rotary mechanism 267 is connected to the bottom side of theboat support 218 that supports theboat 217, so as to improve processing uniformity by rotating theboat 217. By operating theboat rotary mechanism 267, theboat 217 supported by theboat support 218 can be rotated. - A
controller 280 is connected to the above-described members such as themass flow controllers valves heater 207; thevacuum pump 246; theAPC valve 243; therotary mechanism 267; theboat elevator 115, thepressure sensor 245; and thetemperature sensor 263. Thecontroller 280 is an example of a control unit (control device) used to control overall operations of thesubstrate processing apparatus 101. For example, thecontroller 280 controls operations such as flow rate adjusting operations of themass flow controllers valves APC valve 243 and a pressure adjusting operation of theAPC valve 243 based on pressure information detected by thepressure sensor 245; a temperature adjusting operation of theheater 207 based on temperature information detected by thetemperature sensor 263; start and stop operations of thevacuum pump 246; a rotation speed adjusting operation of theboat rotary mechanism 267; and an elevating operation of theboat elevator 115. - Next, explanations will be given on a method of forming conductive films or insulating films on
wafers 200 in theprocessing chamber 201, a method of modifying the films, and a method of cleaning the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 in one of semiconductor device manufacturing processes performed using theprocessing furnace 202 of thesubstrate processing apparatus 101. An explanation will be given on an exemplary film forming method, in which an aluminum source such as TMA is used as a film forming source and NH3 is used as a nitriding agent so as to form aluminum nitride (AlN) films onwafers 200 by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. In addition, an explanation will be given on an exemplary cleaning method in which BCl3 is used as a cleaning gas to clean the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 by thermal chemical reaction. In the following description, thecontroller 280 controls parts of thesubstrate processing apparatus 101. - (1) Film Forming Process
- First, an explanation will be given on a method of forming aluminum nitride films on
wafers 200 in theprocessing chamber 201, with reference toFIG. 6 andFIG. 7 . In the current embodiment, an explanation will be given on an exemplary method of forming films on substrates by an ALD method. In an ALD method, at least two kinds of source gases which are film forming sources are alternately supplied to a substrate under predetermined film forming conditions (temperature, time, etc.), so as to allow the process gases to be adsorbed on the substrate on an atomic layer basis for forming a film by surface reaction. In this time, the thickness of the film is controlled by adjusting the number of process gas supply cycles (for example, if the film-forming rate is 1 Å/cycle and it is intended to form a 20-Å film, the process is repeated for twenty cycles). - In a film forming process, the
controller 280 controls thesubstrate processing apparatus 101 as follows. That is, theprocessing chamber 201 is controlled so as to keep the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 at 400° C. or lower, preferably, at 350° C. Thereafter, a first process is performed to loadwafers 200 into theprocessing chamber 201. That is, a plurality ofwafers 200 are charged into theboat 217, and theboat 217 is loaded into theprocessing chamber 201. Thereafter, theboat 217 is rotated by theboat rotary mechanism 267 to rotate thewafers 200. Then, thevacuum pump 246 is operated and the APC valve 243 e is opened to evacuate the inside of theprocessing chamber 201, and if the temperature of thewafers 200 reaches 350° C. and processing conditions such as temperature become stable (pressure, temperature adjustment), the following four steps are sequentially performed while maintaining the inside temperature of theprocessing chamber 201 at 350° C. so as to form conductive films or insulating films on the wafers 200 (second process). - (Step 11)
- In
step 11 of the second process, TMA is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201. TMA is liquid at normal temperature. Thus, TMA may be supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 after vaporizing the TMA by heating the TMA or after vaporizing the TMA using thevaporizer 700. That is, in the latter case, inert gas such as helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), or nitrogen (N2) may be supplied as a carrier gas so that it passes through a TMA container of thevaporizer 700, and then vaporized TMA may be supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 together with the carrier gas. In the following description, the latter case will be explained as an example. - TMA is supplied into the
processing chamber 201 by supplying TMA to thegas supply pipe 310 and a carrier gas (N2) to the carriergas supply pipe 510. Then, thevalve 314 of thegas supply pipe 310, thevalve 514 of the carriergas supply pipe 510, and theAPC valve 243 of theexhaust pipe 231 are opened together. The carrier gas flows in the carriergas supply pipe 510, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is controlled by themass flow controllers 512. The TMA flows in thegas supply pipe 310 where the flow rate of the TMA is controlled by themass flow controller 312 and the TMA is vaporized by thevaporizer 700, and then the TMA is mixed with the carrier gas the flow rate of which is controlled. Then, while the mixture is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 through the gas supply holes 410 a of thenozzle 410, the mixture is exhausted through theexhaust pipe 231. At this time, theAPC valve 243 is properly controlled so as to keep the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 at 10 Torr (about 1333 Pa) or lower, preferably, at 0.4 Torr (about 53 Pa). Thewafers 200 are exposed to the TMA for 1 minute or shorter, for example, for 6 seconds. - At this time, gases flowing in the
processing chamber 201 are TMA gas and inert gas such as N2 or Ar gas but NH3 gas does not exist in theprocessing chamber 201. Therefore, TMA does not participate in a gas phase reaction but reacts with the surfaces or underlayers of the wafers 200 (chemical adsorption) to form source (TMA) adsorption layers or Al layers (hereinafter also referred to as Al-containing layers). The TMA adsorption layer includes a discontinuous adsorption layer of source molecules as well as a continuous adsorption layer of source molecules. The Al layer includes a continuous layer formed of Al, and an Al thin film in which such continuous Al layers are superimposed on each other. In addition, a continuous layer formed of Al may also be called “an Al thin film.” - At the same time, the
valve 524 is opened to supply an inert gas through the carriergas supply pipe 520 which is connected to thegas supply pipe 320. By this, TMA can be prevented from flowing to thegas supply pipe 320 from theprocessing chamber 201. - (Step 12)
- In
step 12 of the second process, thevalve 314 of thegas supply pipe 310 is closed to stop supply of TMA into theprocessing chamber 201, and thevalve 614 is opened so that TMA can flow to thevent line 610. In this way, supply of TMA into theprocessing chamber 201 is interrupted without stopping vaporization of TMA so that TMA can be supplied again rapidly and stably. At this time, theAPC valve 243 of thegas exhaust pipe 231 is kept open, and the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is exhausted to a pressure equal to or lower than 20 Pa by using thevacuum pump 246 so as to exhaust TMA remaining in theprocessing chamber 201. At this time, if inert gas such as N2 is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201, the TMA can be removed more efficiently. - (Step 13)
- In
step 13 of the second process, NH3 is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201. That is, NH3 is supplied into thegas supply pipe 320, and a carrier gas (N2) is supplied into the carriergas supply pipe 520. Then, thevalve 324 of thegas supply pipe 320, thevalve 524 of the carriergas supply pipe 520, and theAPC valve 243 of theexhaust pipe 231 are opened together. The carrier gas flows in the carriergas supply pipe 520, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is controlled by themass flow controller 522. The NH3 flows in thegas supply pipe 320 where the flow rate of the NH3 is controlled by themass flow controller 322, and then the NH3 is mixed with the carrier gas the flow rate of which is controlled. Then, while the mixture is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 through the gas supply holes 420 a of thenozzle 420, the mixture is exhausted through theexhaust pipe 231. When the NH3 flows, the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 is kept at 10 Torr (about 1333 Pa) or lower, for example, at 7 Torr (about 933 Pa) by properly adjusting theAPC valve 243. In addition, the supply flow rate of NH3 is kept equal to or lower than 10 slm, preferably, at 7.5 slm. Thewafers 200 are exposed to the NH3 for 3 minutes or shorter, for example, for 45 seconds. - At the same time, the
valve 514 is opened to supply an inert gas through the carriergas supply pipe 510 which is connected to thegas supply pipe 310. By this, NH3 can be prevented from flowing to thegas supply pipe 310 from theprocessing chamber 201. - By surface reaction (chemical adsorption) between the supplied NH3 gas and the Al-containing layers chemically adsorbed on the
wafers 200, aluminum oxide films are formed on thewafers 200. - (Step 14)
- In
step 14 of the second process, thevalve 324 of thegas supply pipe 320 is closed to stop supply of NH3 into theprocessing chamber 201. In addition, theAPC valve 243 of thegas exhaust pipe 231 is kept open, and the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is exhausted to a pressure equal to or lower than 20 Pa by using thevacuum pump 246 so as to exhaust NH3 remaining in theprocessing chamber 201. In addition, at this time, if the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is purged by supplying an inert gas such as N2 into theprocessing chamber 201 through thegas supply pipe 320 constituting the NH3 supply line and thegas supply pipe 310 constituting the TMA supply line, NH3 remaining in theprocessing chamber 201 is removed more efficiently. - The
steps 11 to 14 are set as one cycle, and the cycle is performed at least once to form aluminum nitride films on thewafers 200 to a predetermined thickness by an ALD method. In the above-described steps, it should be noted that the atmosphere formed by the Al-containing source gas instep 11 and the atmosphere formed by the nitriding gas instep 13 should not mixed with each other in theprocessing chamber 201 when films are formed. - After aluminum nitride films are formed to a predetermined thickness, the inside of the
processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated, and then an inert gas such as N2 gas is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 and exhausted from theprocessing chamber 201 so as to purge the inside of theprocessing chamber 201. When purging of the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is finished, the inside atmosphere of theprocessing chamber 201 is replaced with the inert gas such as N2, and the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 returns to atmospheric pressure. - Thereafter, a third process is performed to unload the processed
wafers 200 from theprocessing chamber 201. That is, theboat elevator 115 lowers theseal cap 219 to open the bottom side of the manifold 209 and unload theboat 217 in which the processedwafers 200 are held to the outside of thereaction tube 203 through the bottom side of the manifold 209 (boat unloading). Thereafter, the processedwafers 200 are discharged from the boat 217 (wafer discharging). - (2) Modifying Process
- Next, an explanation will be given on a modifying process (fourth process) in which a modifying gas (oxidant) is supplied into the
processing chamber 201 to modify conductive films or insulating films such as aluminum nitride films adhered to the inside of theprocessing chamber 201. As shown inFIG. 7 , according to the current embodiment, each time the above-described film forming process (the first to third processes) is performed once, a modifying process is performed to modify aluminum nitride films adhered to the inside of theprocessing chamber 201. For example, an explanation will now be given on an exemplary modifying process in which aluminum nitride films adhered during the film forming process are oxidized with H2 and O2. - First, the
boat 217, that is, theboat 217 in whichwafers 200 are not charged, is lifted by using theboat elevator 115 to load theboat 217 into the processing chamber 201 (boat loading). In this state, the bottom side of the manifold 209 is sealed by theseal cap 219 with the O-ring 220 being disposed therebetween. - Next, the inside of the
processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated to a desired pressure (vacuum degree) by using thevacuum pump 246. At this time, the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 is measured by thepressure sensor 245, and based on the measured pressure, theAPC valve 243 is feedback-controlled. In addition, the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is heated to a desired temperature by using theheater 207. At this time, to obtain desired temperature distribution inside theprocessing chamber 201, power to theheater 207 is feedback-controlled based on temperature information measured by thetemperature sensor 263. Next, theboat 217 is rotated by therotary mechanism 267. Alternatively, theboat 217 may not be rotated. The inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is kept at a temperature between 400° C. to 800° C., for example, at 600° C. If the inside temperature of theprocessing chamber 201 reaches 600° C. and conditions such as a temperature condition are stabilized, the next treatment is performed while keeping the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 at 600° C. In addition, the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 is adjusted to 0.5 Torr to 760 Torr. - The
valves gas supply pipes gas supply pipes gas supply pipes gas supply pipes mass flow controllers gas supply pipes gas supply pipes mass flow controllers gas supply pipes gas supply pipes gas supply pipes processing chamber 201 from thegas supply pipe 310 and thegas supply pipe 320 through the gas supply holes 410 a and 420 a of thenozzles controller 280 controls themass flow controller 712 and themass flow controller 722 to keep the flow rate of H2 and O2 in the range from 0.5 slm to 20 slm. - In the
processing chamber 201, the H2 and O2 are mixed with each other and become H2O, and aluminum nitride films adhered to the inner wall of thereaction tube 203 are oxidized by the H2O so that the aluminum nitride films are modified into aluminum oxide films. The oxidizing power of an oxidant is affected by the temperature distribution in theprocessing chamber 201 and is low at relatively low temperature regions (such as a furnace port part). However, since the thicknesses of aluminum nitride films adhered in the low temperature regions are small, low oxidizing power may not cause a problem. That is, although the oxidizing power is decreased, aluminum nitride films may be sufficiently oxidized, and thus the aluminum nitride films may be modified into aluminum oxide film. - If the aluminum nitride films are sufficiently oxidized/modified into aluminum oxide films, the
valves gas supply pipes APC valve 243 of thegas exhaust pipe 231 is kept open, the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is exhausted to a pressure equal to or lower than 20 Pa by using thevacuum pump 246 so as to exhaust H2O remaining in theprocessing chamber 201. In addition, at this time, if the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is purged by supplying an inert gas such as N2 into theprocessing chamber 201 through thegas supply pipe 320 constituting the NH3 supply line and thegas supply pipe 310 constituting the TMA supply line, H2O remaining in theprocessing chamber 201 is removed more efficiently. - In this way, each time the film forming process (repetition of
step 11 to step 14) is finished, aluminum nitride films adhered to the inner wall of theprocessing chamber 201 are oxidized. Therefore, when a cleaning process (described later) is performed, since films are already oxidized partially, the etching time of the films can be reduced. - (3) Cleaning Process
- Next, an explanation will be given on a cleaning process (fifth process) in which a cleaning gas is supplied into the
processing chamber 201 to remove deposited materials such as conductive films or insulating films adhered to the inside of theprocessing chamber 201. In the current embodiment, an explanation will now be given on an exemplary cleaning process in which the aluminum oxide films modified in the modifying process are cleaned with a cleaning gas such as BCl3. - The
valves gas supply pipes gas supply pipes mass flow controllers gas supply pipes gas supply pipes gas supply pipes processing chamber 201 through the gas supply holes 410 a and 420 a of thenozzles - The etching gas may be used at a concentration of about 100% to about 20% by diluting the etching gas with an inert gas such as N2. In this case, the
valves gas supply pipes gas supply pipes mass flow controllers gas supply pipes processing chamber 201 through the gas supply holes 410 a and 420 a of thenozzles - At this time, supply of BCl3 into the
processing chamber 201 may be continuously carried out, or supply of BCl3 may be intermittently (discontinuously) carried out so that supply of BCl3 and exhaustion of BCl3 to theexhaust pipe 231 can be alternately carried out. That is, the cleaning process may be performed by cyclic etching. That is, as shown inFIG. 7 , the cleaning process may be performed by setting the followingstep 21 to step 24 as one cycle and performing the cycle predetermined times. - (Step 21)
- In a state where the
APC valve 243 is opened, the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated. After the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 reaches a first pressure, theAPC valve 243 is closed. In this way, the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 and the exhaust system are closed. - (Step 22)
- In this state, that is, the
APC valve 243 is closed and the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 is kept at the first pressure, thevalves processing chamber 201 for a predetermined time. At this time, thevalves processing chamber 201 for diluting the etching gas (BCl3). If the inside pressure of theprocessing chamber 201 reaches a second pressure, thevalves processing chamber 201. At this time, if an inert gas such as N2 is being supplied, thevalves processing chamber 201. In this way, the gas supply system is closed. At this time, all the valves are closed. That is, both the gas supply system and the exhaust system are in a closed state. In this way, the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is closed to confine the BCl3 in theprocessing chamber 201. - (Step 23)
- The
processing chamber 201 is kept for a predetermined time in the state where theprocessing chamber 201 is closed by closing the gas supply system and the exhaust system to confine the BCl3 in theprocessing chamber 201, - (Step 24)
- After the predetermined time, the
APC valve 243 is opened, and the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated through theexhaust pipe 231. Thereafter, thevalves processing chamber 201 while exhausting the inert gas through theexhaust pipe 231. In this way, the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is purged by gas. - The above-described
step 21 to step 24 are set as one cycle, and the cycle is performed predetermined times. In this way, cleaning is performed by cyclic etching. When cleaning is performed as described above, a step of closing theAPC valve 243 for a predetermined time and a step of opening theAPC valve 243 for a predetermined time are performed predetermined times. That is, intermittent (alternate) opening and closing of theAPC valve 243 are carried out predetermined times. In the case where cleaning is performed by cyclic etching, the amount of etching can be controlled by previously checking the rate of etching per cycle and adjusting the execution number of cycles. In addition, gas consumption can be reduced as compared with a cleaning method in which an etching gas is continuously supplied. - The BCl3 introduced into the
processing chamber 201 diffuses throughout the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 and makes contact with materials deposited on the inside of theprocessing chamber 201. That is, the BCl3 makes contact with deposited materials such as aluminum oxide films adhered to theboat 217 and the inner wall of thereaction tube 203. The aluminum oxide films may be etched away because boron (B) generating from the BCl3 breaks Al—O bonds. At this time, there occurs thermal chemical reaction between the deposited materials and the BCl3 to produce reaction products having Al—Cl bonds or B—O bonds such as AlCl3. Since a compound having Al—Cl bonds has a high vapor pressure, the reaction products can be exhausted to the outside of theprocessing chamber 201 through theexhaust pipe 231. In this way, deposited materials are removed (etched) to clean the inside of theprocessing chamber 201. - After the cycle is performed predetermined times, the inside of the
processing chamber 201 is vacuum-evacuated, and an inert gas such as N2 is supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 and exhausted the inert gas from theprocessing chamber 201 so as to purge the inside of theprocessing chamber 201. When purging of the inside of theprocessing chamber 201 is finished, the inside atmosphere of theprocessing chamber 201 is replaced with the inert gas such as N2. - Cleaning may be performed by cyclic etching under the following exemplary process conditions:
- Process temperature: 500° C. to 850° C.,
- First pressure: 1.33 Pa to 13300 Pa,
- Second pressure: 13.3 Pa to 66500 Pa, preferably, 13300 Pa to 26600 Pa, BCl3 supply flow rate: 0.5 slm to 5 slm,
- Gas supply time (transition time): 0.1 min to 15 min,
- Gas confining time (confining time): 0.1 min to 15 min,
- Exhaust time: 0.1 min to 10 min, and
- Number of cycles: 1 to 100 times.
- While maintaining the process conditions at constant values within the respective ranges, the cleaning may be performed.
- After the inside of the
processing chamber 201 is cleaned, the film forming process (the first to third processes) is performed again onwafers 200. That is, theboat 217 in which a plurality ofwafers 200 are charged is loaded into theprocessing chamber 201, and thestep 11 to step 14 are repeated to form aluminum nitride films on thewafers 200. Then, theboat 217 in which the processedwafers 200 are held is unloaded to the outside of theprocessing chamber 201. In addition, if necessary the above-described modifying process (fourth process) is performed again, and the above-described cleaning process (fifth process) is performed again to clean the inside of thereaction tube 203. - According to the current embodiment, the modifying process is performed before the cleaning process is performed to previously modify aluminum nitride films into aluminum oxide films. Since Al—O bonds can be easily broken by boron (B) generating from BCl3, aluminum nitride films (aluminum oxide films after modification) can be surely etched. In addition, although a compound (reaction product) having Al—Cl bonds or B—O bonds is generated, the compound having Al—Cl bonds (for example, AlCl3) has a high vapor pressure, and thus it can be easily removed as a gas.
- In addition, according to the current embodiment, after the film forming process (repetition of
step 11 and step 14) is performed, the modifying process is performed as shown inFIG. 7 . In this case, aluminum nitride films to be oxidized in the modifying process can have a small thickness, and thus the aluminum nitride films can be oxidized more surely. By reducing the thickness of an aluminum nitride film to be oxidized by one execution of the modifying process, the time necessary for oxidation can be reduced, and the oxidation rate can be increased (if the thickness of a film is large, an oxidant is difficult to diffuse into the film, and thus the oxidation rate decreases gradually). Therefore, in the cleaning process, aluminum nitride films (aluminum oxide films after modification) can be etched more surely. - Furthermore, in the current embodiment, after the modifying process but before the cleaning process, the inside of the
processing chamber 201 is purged so that an oxidant does not remain in theprocessing chamber 201. Therefore, a cleaning gas may not be mixed with an oxidant, and thus corrosion of inner members of theprocessing chamber 201 or gas supply system can be surely prevented. - In the description of the current embodiment, an explanation will be given on the different with the first embodiment. The current embodiment has the same film forming process as the first embodiment. In a modifying process and a cleaning process of the current embodiment, the same operations are performed as in the first embodiment. However, timings of the processes are different as shown in
FIG. 8 . In the current embodiment, after the film forming process is performed until aluminum nitride films to be etched are grown to a predetermined thickness, the modifying process and the cleaning process are consecutively performed. In addition, as shown inFIG. 8 andFIG. 9 , instead of performing the modifying process and the cleaning process only once, the processes are repeated predetermined times. - In detail, if the thickness of aluminum nitride films adhered to the inside of the
processing chamber 201 reaches a predetermined value after the film forming process (repetition ofstep 11 to step 14) is performed predetermined times, theboat 217 in whichwafers 200 are not held is loaded into theprocessing chamber 201, and the inside pressure and temperature of theprocessing chamber 201 are adjusted. Then, the aluminum nitride films are partially oxidized (step 11), an oxidant is removed (step 12), aluminum oxide films formed by modification are etched with a cleaning gas (step 33), and the cleaning gas is removed from the processing chamber 201 (step 34). Then, a cycle of thesteps 31 to 34 is performed predetermined times. - According to the current embodiment, overhead time necessary to perform the modifying process and the cleaning process (such as a time necessary to raise and lower the
boat 217 and a time necessary to adjust pressure and temperature) can be largely reduced, and thus the productivity of a substrate processing process can be improved. In addition, according to the current embodiment, instead of performing the modifying process and the cleaning process once, the processes can be cyclically performed predetermined times to surely remove aluminum nitride films even when the thickness of the aluminum nitride films is great. - In the description of the current embodiment, an explanation will be given on the different with the first embodiment. The current embodiment has the same film forming process as the first embodiment. In a modifying process and a cleaning process of the current embodiment, the same operations are performed as in the first embodiment but timings of the processes are different. That is, in the first embodiment, the modifying process and the cleaning process are regularly performed. However, in the current embodiment, the modifying process and the cleaning process are irregularly performed. For example, the modifying process and the cleaning process may be performed during an idle time of a production (substrate processing) lot.
- In this case, the
controller 280 calculates an accumulated film thickness based on the execution number of the film forming process, and determines whether to perform the modifying process and the cleaning process based on the calculated film thickness. Alternatively, instead of calculating an accumulated film thickness, thecontroller 280 may receive information about an accumulated film thickness from a sensor (not shown) disposed in theprocessing chamber 201. Alternatively, instead of calculating an accumulated film thickness to make a decision, thecontroller 280 may make a decision based on the execution number of the film forming process. Process conditions for the modifying process and the cleaning process are determined based on an calculated film thickness by thecontroller 280. Alternatively, a plurality of recipes (for example, a recipe for the modifying process and the cleaning process in the case where the film forming process is performed 10 times, a recipe for the modifying process and the cleaning process in the case where the film forming process is performed 15 times, etc.) may be previously registered in a memory unit of thecontroller 280, and when the modifying process and the cleaning process are performed, thecontroller 280 may select and read a proper one of the registered recipes from the memory unit. - According to the current embodiment, the modifying process and the cleaning process are irregularly performed, for example, during an idle time of a production lot, so that the number of production halts can be reduced and time can be saved. In addition, since optimal process conditions (or recipe) can be selected based on the execution number of the film forming process, insufficient cleaning or over-cleaning can be prevented.
- In the description of the current embodiment, an explanation will be given on the different with the second embodiment. In the current embodiment, a film forming process is performed until films are formed to a predetermined thickness. Then, a modifying process is performed only once, and a cleaning process is performed predetermined times.
- In detail, as shown in
FIG. 10 , aluminum nitride films are oxidized (step 41), an oxidant is removed (step 42), a cleaning gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201 (step 43), and the cleaning gas is removed from the inside of the processing chamber 201 (step 44). Thestep 43 and step 44 are set as one cycle, and cleaning is carried out by performing the cycle predetermined times, so that films adhered to the inside of thereaction tube 203 can be removed. In the current embodiment, it is explained that the cleaning gas is intermittently supplied. However, the cleaning gas may be continuously supplied. - In the description of the current embodiment, an explanation will be given on the different with the first embodiment. In the current embodiment, instead of employing an oxidation method using an oxidant after one execution of a film forming process, another method is used: the atmosphere is allowed to enter the inside of the
processing chamber 201 when theboat 217 is loaded into theprocessing chamber 201 so that moisture and oxygen included in the atmosphere can react with films deposited on the inside of thereaction tube 203. - According to the above-described first to fifth embodiments, after a film forming process, films which is difficult to clean can be removed.
- While the present invention has been particularly described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention.
- The present invention is not limited to aluminum nitride films described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the present invention can be applied to any kind of film that cannot be removed by directly using a cleaning gas but can be removed as follows. After a film X that cannot be removed by directly using a cleaning gas is formed, the film X is oxidized, and a film Y formed by oxidizing the film X is removed by using a cleaning gas. That is, the present invention can be applied to any film that can couple with a component of a cleaning gas after the film is modified and produce a halide (reaction product) having a high vapor pressure. For example, the present invention can be used for etching nitride films such as an aluminum nitride (AlN) film, a titanium nitride (TiN) film, a titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) film, a titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) film, a tantalum nitride (TaN) film, a tantalum silicon nitride (TaSiN) film, a boron nitride (BN) film, a hafnium nitride (HfN) film, a tungsten nitride (WN) film, and a silicon nitride (SiN). In addition, the present invention can be used for etching very thin films having different compositions and stacked in the form of a laminator, such as stacked films of a titanium nitride film and a an aluminum nitride film.
- In addition, a source used in a film forming process is not limited to the kinds of gases described in the previous embodiments as long as a film formed in a film forming process (etch-target film) is a nitride film described above.
- In addition, as well as the modifying gases described in the previous embodiments, any other gas may be used as a modifying gas as long as the bond energy of elements of a film modified by the gas is smaller than the bond energy between a component of a cleaning gas and an element of the modified film.
- For example, a cleaning gas is not limited to BCl3. Another gas such as HCl, Cl2, SiCl4, HBr, BBr3, SiBr4, and Br2 may be used as a cleaning gas.
- Furthermore, in the previous embodiments, after a modifying gas (oxidant) is supplied into the
processing chamber 201 but before a cleaning process is started, the oxidant remaining in theprocessing chamber 201 is removed by a purge process. However, the present invention is not limited the embodiments. That is, without removing an oxidant remaining in theprocessing chamber 201, a cleaning process may be started. In this case, when a cleaning process is started, a cleaning gas (BCl3) supplied into theprocessing chamber 201 may be mixed with a modifying gas remaining in theprocessing chamber 201. Thus, oxygen (O) included in the oxidant (modifying gas) may attach B—Cl bonds of the BCl3 to decompose the BCl3. By this, the rate of etching may be increased within a predetermined oxygen concentration range. However, in the case where H2O is used as an oxidant, if a purge process is not performed after a modifying process, parts such as pipes of the gas supply system may be corroded. - Hereinafter, experimental examples of the present invention will be explained.
- Hereinafter, Example 1 of the present invention will be explained with reference to
FIG. 11 andFIG. 12 .FIG. 11 andFIG. 12 are graphs illustrating composition distributions in the depth direction of aluminum nitride films after a modification process is performed. - In
FIG. 11 andFIG. 12 , the horizontal axis denotes a depth (nm) from the surface of an aluminum nitride film after a modifying process was performed. The vertical axis denotes an element concentration (atomic %) measured in the depth direction of the aluminum nitride film by using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the evaluations shown inFIG. 11 andFIG. 12 , aluminum nitride films formed on silicon wafers to a thickness of 23 nm were oxidized by using H2O as a modifying gas (oxidant). The oxidizing times (exposure time to the H2O atmosphere) were 1 minute and 5 minutes, respectively. - Referring to
FIG. 11 andFIG. 12 , it could be understood that the surfaces of the aluminum nitride films were oxidized by a modifying process and thus the oxygen concentration was increased but the nitrogen concentration was decreased. That is, the surfaces of the aluminum nitride films were modified into aluminum oxide films by a modifying process. In addition, it could be understood that a more depth of the aluminum nitride film was modified into an aluminum oxide film as the oxidizing time was increased. - In the Example, a cleaning gas was supplied to evaluation samples on which a titanium nitride (TiN) film, an aluminum nitride (AlN) film, a titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) film, and an aluminum oxide (AlO) film were respectively formed. Then, etching of the films were tested.
- In initial evaluation, only a cleaning process was performed on the evaluation samples without performing a modifying process. Only BCl3 was used as a cleaning gas. As a result, sufficient etching effects could be obtained from the aluminum oxide film. However, sufficient etching effects could not obtained from the titanium nitride film, the aluminum nitride film, and the titanium aluminum nitride film.
- In the next evaluation, only a cleaning process was performed on the evaluation samples without performing a modifying process. BCl3 to which O2 was added at a concentration of 2% was used as a cleaning gas. As a result, sufficient etching effects could be obtained from the aluminum oxide film and the titanium nitride film. However, sufficient etching effects could not obtained from the aluminum nitride film and the titanium aluminum nitride film. In addition, although the concentration of O2 added to BCl3 was increased from 2% to 10%, the same results were obtained.
- In the last evaluation, like in the above-described embodiments, a modifying process was performed on the evaluation samples, and then a cleaning process was performed on the evaluation samples. In the modifying process, H2O was used as a modifying gas (oxidant) to oxidize the evaluation samples. In the cleaning process, only BCl3 was used as a cleaning gas. As a result, sufficient etching effects could be obtained from any of the titanium nitride film, the aluminum nitride film, and the titanium aluminum nitride film as well as the aluminum oxide film.
- As described above, the present invention makes it possible to efficiently remove deposited materials including a conductive film or insulting film adhered to parts such as the inner wall of a processing chamber and a substrate supporting tool disposed in the processing chamber.
- The present invention also includes the following preferred embodiments.
- (Supplementary Note 1)
- According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
- loading a substrate into a processing chamber;
- forming a conductive film or an insulating film on the substrate by supplying a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber;
- unloading the substrate from the processing chamber;
- modifying a conductive film or an insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber; and
- after performing a cycle of the loading, the forming, the unloading, and the modifying processes a plurality of times, removing the modified conductive film or the modified insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 2)
- Preferably, the cleaning gas may be a halogen compound.
- (Supplementary Note 3)
- Preferably, the conductive film or insulating film may be a nitride film, and the modifying gas may be an oxygen-containing gas.
- (Supplementary Note 4)
- Preferably, the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of a halogen or organic compound and a nitrogen-containing gas.
- (Supplementary Note 5)
- Preferably, after the modifying process is performed once, the removing process may be performed predetermined times.
- (Supplementary Note 6)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas, the cleaning method comprising:
- each time a film is formed on a substrate, modifying a film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber; and
- removing the film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber to remove the modified film.
- (Supplementary Note 7)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas, the cleaning method comprising:
- modifying a film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber; and
- cleaning the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber to remove a deposited material including the modified film adhered to the processing chamber,
- wherein the modifying gas is selected such that bond energy of elements of the modified film is smaller than bond energy between a cleaning component of the cleaning gas and an element of the modified film.
- (Supplementary Note 8)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a substrate processing apparatus comprising:
- a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate;
- a source gas supply system configured to supply a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber;
- an oxygen-containing gas supply system configured to supply an oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber;
- a cleaning gas supply system configured to supply a cleaning gas into the processing chamber;
- an exhaust system configured to exhaust the processing chamber; and
- a control unit,
- wherein the control unit is configured to control the source gas supply system, the oxygen-containing gas supply system, the cleaning gas supply system, and the exhaust system, so as to: form a nitride film on the substrate by supplying the plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; modify a nitride film adhered to the processing chamber into an oxide film by oxidizing the nitride film by supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber; and remove the oxide film by supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 9)
- Preferably, the cleaning gas may be a halogen compound.
- (Supplementary Note 10)
- Preferably, the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of a halogen or organic compound and a nitrogen-containing gas.
- (Supplementary Note 11)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method for removing a metal film or a metal nitride film deposited on a reaction chamber of a film forming apparatus by using a cleaning gas, the cleaning method comprising alternately performing a oxidizing process and a cleaning process on the deposited film at least once to remove the deposited film.
- (Supplementary Note 12)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method comprising:
- after a film forming sequence is finished and a product substrate is discharged, forming an oxide layer on a film formed on an inside of a furnace by supplying an oxidant gas into the furnace; and
- after the film forming sequence and the forming of the oxide layer are repeated, supplying a cleaning gas into the furnace.
- (Supplementary Note 13)
- Preferably, a film deposited in the furnace may be oxidized by introducing the atmosphere into the furnace.
- (Supplementary Note 14)
- Preferably, the oxidant gas may comprise one of O2, NO, O3, H2O, and H2+O2.
- (Supplementary Note 15)
- Preferably, the deposited film may comprise an aluminum nitride (AlN) film.
- (Supplementary Note 16)
- Preferably, the deposited film may comprise a titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) film.
- (Supplementary Note 17)
- Preferably, the cleaning gas may comprise BCl3 or Cl2.
- (Supplementary Note 18)
- Preferably, while the cleaning gas is supplied, an oxidant may be simultaneously supplied into a processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 19)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method comprising:
- after a film forming sequence is finished and a product substrate is discharged, forming an oxide layer on a film formed on an inside of a processing chamber by supplying an oxidant into the processing chamber; and
- after the film forming sequence and the forming of the oxide layer are repeated, performing a cleaning process.
- (Supplementary Note 20)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device formed by the substrate processing apparatus.
- (Supplementary Note 21)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
- loading a substrate into a processing chamber;
- forming a conductive film or an insulating film on the substrate by supplying a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber;
- unloading the substrate from the processing chamber; and
- modifying a conductive film or an insulating film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber; and
- cleaning the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber to remove a deposited material including the modified film adhered to the processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 22)
- Preferably, the loading, the forming, the unloading, and the modifying processes may be set as one cycle, and each time the cycle may be performed predetermined times, the cleaning process may be performed.
- (Supplementary Note 23)
- Alternatively, after the conductive film or the insulating film adhered to the processing chamber grows to a predetermined thickness, the modifying process and the cleaning process may be performed.
- (Supplementary Note 24)
- Preferably, the modifying process and the cleaning process may be alternately performed predetermined times.
- (Supplementary Note 25)
- Alternatively, after the modifying process is be performed once, the cleaning process may be performed predetermined times.
- (Supplementary Note 26)
- Preferably, in the cleaning process, supplying of the cleaning gas and exhausting of the processing chamber may be alternately repeated predetermined times.
- (Supplementary Note 27)
- Preferably, the conductive film or the insulating film formed in the forming process may be a nitride film, and the modifying gas may be an oxygen-containing gas.
- (Supplementary Note 28)
- Preferably, the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of a halogen or organic compound and a nitrogen (N)-containing source.
- (Supplementary Note 29)
- Preferably, the plurality of source gases may comprise at least one of Al, Ti, and Si.
- (Supplementary Note 30)
- Preferably, the nitrogen-containing source may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of NH3, N2, N2O, and CH6N2.
- (Supplementary Note 31)
- Preferably, the nitride film may be one selected from the group consisting of AlN, TiN, TiAlN, TiSiN, TaN, TaSiN, and SiN films.
- (Supplementary Note 32)
- Preferably, the oxygen-containing source may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of O2, O3, H2O, H2+O2, COx, SOx, NxO (where x denotes an integer equal to or greater than 1).
- (Supplementary Note 33)
- Preferably, the cleaning gas may be a halogen-based gas.
- (Supplementary Note 34)
- Preferably, the cleaning gas may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of BCl3, HCl, Cl2, SiCl4, HBr, BBr3, SiBr4, and Br2.
- (Supplementary Note 35)
- Preferably, the forming process may performed while keeping the substrate at 400° C. or lower, preferably, at 350° C.
- (Supplementary Note 36)
- Preferably, the oxygen-containing source may be H2O OR H2+O2, and the modifying process may be performed while keeping the inside atmosphere of the processing chamber at a predetermined temperature between 400° C. and 800° C.
- (Supplementary Note 37)
- Preferably, the cleaning process may be performed while keeping the inside atmosphere of the processing chamber at a predetermined temperature between 500° C. and 850° C.
- (Supplementary Note 38)
- Preferably, in the modifying process, the atmosphere may be introduced into the processing chamber to oxidize the conductive film or insulating film adhered to the processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 39)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a substrate processing apparatus comprising:
- a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate;
- a source gas supply unit configured to supply a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber;
- a modifying gas supply unit configured to supply a modifying gas into the processing chamber;
- a cleaning gas supply unit configured to supply a cleaning gas into the processing chamber;
- an exhaust unit configured to exhaust the processing chamber; and
- a control unit,
- wherein the control unit is configured to control the source gas supply unit, the modifying gas supply unit, the cleaning gas supply unit, and the exhaust unit, so as to: form a film on the substrate by supplying the plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; modify a film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying the modifying gas into the processing chamber; and clean the modified film by supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 40)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas, the cleaning method comprising:
- modifying a film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber; and
- cleaning the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber to remove the modified film adhered to the processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 41)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method for removing a nitride film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a nitride film on a substrate by supplying a source gas, the cleaning method comprising:
- modifying the nitride film into an oxide film by supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber; and
- removing the oxide film by supplying a halogen-based gas into the processing chamber.
- (Supplementary Note 42)
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning method for removing a film adhered to a processing chamber of a substrate processing apparatus configured to form a film on a substrate by supplying a source gas, the cleaning method comprising:
- modifying a film adhered to the processing chamber by supplying a modifying gas into the processing chamber; and
- cleaning the processing chamber by supplying a cleaning gas into the processing chamber to remove a deposited material including the modified film adhered to the processing chamber,
- wherein the modifying gas is selected such that bond energy of elements of the modified film is smaller than bond energy between a cleaning component of the cleaning gas and an element of the modified film.
Claims (3)
1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate;
a source gas supply system configured to supply a plurality of source gases into the processing chamber;
an oxygen-containing gas supply system configured to supply an oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber;
a cleaning gas supply system configured to supply a cleaning gas into the processing chamber;
an exhaust system configured to exhaust the processing chamber; and
a control unit,
wherein the control unit is configured to control the source gas supply system, the oxygen-containing gas supply system, the cleaning gas supply system, and the exhaust system, so as to: form a nitride film on the substrate by supplying the plurality of source gases into the processing chamber; modify a nitride film adhered to the processing chamber into an oxide film by oxidizing the nitride film by supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber; and remove the oxide film by supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber.
2. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cleaning gas is a halogen compound.
3. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of source gases comprise at least one of a halogen or organic compound and a nitrogen-containing gas.
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US13/207,591 US20110290182A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2011-08-11 | Method of manufacturing semiconductor device, cleaning method, and substrate processing apparatus |
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JP2010154278A JP5036849B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-07-06 | Semiconductor device manufacturing method, cleaning method, and substrate processing apparatus |
US12/862,180 US9238257B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-24 | Method of manufacturing semiconductor device, cleaning method, and substrate processing apparatus |
US13/207,591 US20110290182A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2011-08-11 | Method of manufacturing semiconductor device, cleaning method, and substrate processing apparatus |
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Also Published As
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US9238257B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
SG169306A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
TWI446404B (en) | 2014-07-21 |
US20110059600A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
TW201118918A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
JP5036849B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
JP2011068984A (en) | 2011-04-07 |
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