US20110239650A1 - Power plant comprising a turbine unit and a generator - Google Patents

Power plant comprising a turbine unit and a generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110239650A1
US20110239650A1 US13/139,062 US200913139062A US2011239650A1 US 20110239650 A1 US20110239650 A1 US 20110239650A1 US 200913139062 A US200913139062 A US 200913139062A US 2011239650 A1 US2011239650 A1 US 2011239650A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
generator
power plant
cooling
cooling device
turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/139,062
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English (en)
Inventor
Volker Amedick
Malte Blomeyer
Leandro Cravero
Eberhard Deuker
Hendrik Heitfeld
Carsten Kaufmann
Meinolf Klocke
Stefan Völker
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Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BLOMEYER, MALTE, CRAVERO, LEANDRO, HEITFELD, HENDRIK, KLOCKE, MEINOLF, AMEDICK, VOLKER, DEUKER, EBERHARD, Kaufmann, Carsten, VOELKER, STEFAN
Publication of US20110239650A1 publication Critical patent/US20110239650A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/224—Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/60—Application making use of surplus or waste energy
    • F05D2220/64—Application making use of surplus or waste energy for domestic central heating or production of electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/234—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling of the generator by compressor inlet air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power plant comprising a turbine unit having a turbine, a generator connected to the turbine for power transmission and a cooling device for cooling the generator.
  • this heat is usually taken away by a cooling medium, e.g. in a closed circuit, in order to prevent overheating of the generator. Since this heat is present at a low temperature level, usually below 100° C., this heat is released unused into the environment and is thus lost to the power plant process.
  • An object of the invention is to specify a power plant with a higher level of efficiency.
  • a power plant of the type stated above in which the cooling device is provided in accordance with the invention to release waste heat from the generator to a device of the power plant.
  • the feeding back of waste heat into the power plant process means that it is not removed from the power plant process and is thus not a loss.
  • the efficiency of the power plant can be increased in this way by the proportion of heat fed back into the working process.
  • the turbine can be a gas turbine or a steam turbine.
  • the generator waste heat in a power plant with a steam turbine for example either the maximum temperature of the steam of the turbine unit embodied as a steam turbine can be increased or the mass flow through the steam turbine can be increased.
  • the heat losses created by the generator range between 3 and 5 MW, of which around 2 to 4 MW can be fed back as a power increase into the gas and steam process or into a steam process.
  • a feed water mass flow of around 80 kg per second and 3 MW fed back generator power loss a temperature increase of around 10° C. is produced in the feed water.
  • an overall output of 400 to 500 MW this corresponds to a power increase of around 0.5%.
  • pure steam power processes this allows the quantity of steam which is used for preheating the feed water and which is thus no longer available for generating energy to be reduced.
  • the turbine unit includes a fuel preheater which is thermally connected to the cooling device.
  • the output of waste heat from the generator to the fuel preheater enables the quantity of primary energy which would otherwise have to be supplied to the fuel preheater to be reduced accordingly.
  • the driving force for the feedback is the temperature difference, since the heat can only be transferred to a medium that has a lower temperature than the waste heat of the generator. This usually applies to the fuel of a fossil-fuel power plant, which is at about ambient temperature.
  • Gaseous or fluid fuels in particular can be preheated in a technically simple manner via a heat circuit. Such fuels are especially used in gas turbines. The preheating of the fuel reduces the necessary quantity of fuel for achieving the upper process temperature in the thermodynamic circulation process, whereby its efficiency is increased.
  • the fuel preheater has a heat exchanger which is thermally connected to a cooling water circuit of the cooling device.
  • fuels may only be combined with a non-oxidizing medium in a heat exchanger in order to avoid combustible mixtures in the event of leakages.
  • the waste heat of the generator is predominantly taken away from the generator via a water circuit.
  • Fuels can be preheated by a heat exchanger in the water circuit without an oxidizing medium coming into contact with the fuel in the event of a leak. If hydrogen is used example for direct cooling of the generator, the outer water circuit can be replaced by the fuel preheater.
  • a fuel feed to the turbine is advantageously routed through the generator for heating of the fuel.
  • the fuel can assume the function of the cooling medium in the generator so that a separate circuit for removing heat from the generator, for example a water circuit, can be dispensed with.
  • the turbine unit includes an air feed which is thermally connected to the cooling device.
  • the entry temperature of fresh air which enters into a compressor of a gas turbine is that of the environment. It can thus accept waste heat from the generator. This enables the thermal efficiency of the power plant to be increased.
  • the overall efficiency is increased for fixed power if the compressor entry temperature is increased. If in this power range the generator waste heat is used for this purpose, a corresponding increase in the thermodynamic efficiency of the power plant is achieved.
  • the feeding of the waste heat to the fresh air can be undertaken by a heat exchanger in the air feed or by the air feed being routed through the generator.
  • the power plant includes a control means for controlling a heat feed from the generator to a power plant device.
  • the device can be the air feed of the turbine unit for example.
  • the control means is provided for controlling the heat feed as a function of a danger of icing of the air supply.
  • air With ambient temperatures close to freezing point and high air humidity air can be heated up before entering the compressor in order to avoid ice formation which can result in damage to components.
  • compressed and thereby heated air is fed back to the compressor unit, which adversely affects the efficiency of the compressor. If the waste heat of the generator is used instead, the compressor efficiency remains unaffected and a higher level of efficiency can be advantageously achieved.
  • the control of the control medium can comprise a closed loop process. The probability of icing up can be referred to as danger of icing.
  • the cooling device has an open cooling circuit and a cooling air feed to an air feed of the turbine unit.
  • the air used for cooling the generator in the open air circuit can be used directly as combustion air for the turbine unit.
  • the turbine unit has an air preheater which in a cooler stage is connected thermally to the cooling device and in a warmer stage to a further heat source of the power plant, for example to a flue gas heat exchanger.
  • the combustion air is typically heated up by an air preheater before entry into the flame chamber of the steam generator.
  • the air preheater is usually supplied with heat from flue gas.
  • the flue gas may only be cooled down to above dew point since otherwise condensation of water with sulfur compounds results. This would result in greater corrosion.
  • the heat from generator and flue gas is present at different temperature levels it can expediently be used sequentially for preheating the combustion air.
  • First of all the combustion air can be preheated by using waste heat of the generator or warm waste air of the generator and in a second step the combustion air can be heated up by heat from the flue gas, in a further heat exchanger for example.
  • the turbine unit includes a feed water heater, with the cooling device being thermally connected to the feed water heater.
  • waste heat of the generator can be used to preheat the feed water of a steam process or of a gas and steam process.
  • the hot cooling medium in the generator cooling circuit typically reaches the temperature of around 80° C. The preheating is undertaken expediently immediately beyond the feed water pump, where the steam circuit usually reaches the lowest temperature level.
  • feed water preheating can be achieved in two ways: In direct incorporation the feed water flows directly through the heat exchanger on the generator. In indirect incorporation a further heat exchanger is used on the feed water side and a separate circuit transfers the heat from the generator to the feed water.
  • the cooling device advantageously includes a cooling water circuit which is a part of the feed water circuit of the turbine unit.
  • cooling device is connected thermally to a building heating system of the power plant, generator heat occurring in the cooling circuit can be made available for heating the buildings.
  • the generator waste heat can be used for operating an absorption cooler for buildings air-conditioning. This enables generator waste heat to also be included in the cooling.
  • the overall energy balance of the power plant is increased by relieving the load on the in-house demand network.
  • the load on the feedback cooling circuit of the generator can be relieved in order to contribute in this way to an additional reduction of the power plant's own demands—through the increased net power plant output.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of power plant with a turbine unit and a generator, the waste heat of which is used for preheating a fuel
  • FIG. 2 a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 1 , with the fuel being routed through the generator as a cooling medium,
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a power plant in which generator waste heat is transferred into an air compressor inflow
  • FIG. 4 a schematic diagram of a power plant in which the feed water of a steam turbine is routed through a generator for heating
  • FIG. 5 a feed water circuit for a steam turbine which is thermally connected via a heat exchanger to a coolant circuit of the generator
  • FIG. 6 the feed water circuit in which feed water is routed as a cooling medium via an intermediate cooling circuit of the generator
  • FIG. 7 a schematic diagram of the generator, the waste heat of which is supplied to an air supply before an air preheater for a steam generator, and
  • FIG. 8 a diagram similar to FIG. 7 , with an airflow being supplied to an air preheater as a coolant flow through the generator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a layout of a power plant 2 with a turbine unit 4 which is connected via a shaft 6 to a generator 24 of a generator unit 8 .
  • the turbine unit 4 comprises a turbine 10 which is embodied as a gas turbine and operates an air compressor 12 via the shaft 6 in an air supply 14 to a combustion chamber 16 of the turbine unit 4 .
  • fuel from a fuel line 18 is mixed into the compressed air and burned.
  • the hot exhaust gases are supplied to the turbine 10 for its operation.
  • the turbine unit 4 comprises a fuel preheater 20 in the fuel line 18 for preheating the gaseous fuel.
  • the turbine 10 drives the air compressor 12 via the shaft 6 and drives the generator 24 via a coupling 22 .
  • the generator 24 generates heat which is removed from the generator 24 via a cooling circuit 26 .
  • the cooling circuit 26 and a heat exchanger 28 are a component of a cooling device 30 of the generator unit 8 for cooling the generator 24 .
  • the cooling medium of the cooling circuit 26 for example water, transfers heat in the heat exchanger 28 which it has taken from the generator 24 to a heating circuit 32 through which the heat in its turn is transferred in the fuel preheater 22 the fuel in the fuel line 18 .
  • This generator waste heat is used for the purposes of fuel preheating. This causes the necessary quantity of fuel for reaching the upper process temperature in the turbine unit 4 to be reduced and the thermodynamic efficiency of the power plant 2 is increased.
  • the waste heat from the generator 24 can be used as depicted in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 for heating of buildings.
  • a heat exchanger which transfers the waste heat in the heat circuit to a buildings heating circuit would be used for this purpose instead of the fuel preheater 20 .
  • Also conceivable would be the routing of the heating circuit 32 directly through a building and through corresponding heating elements for heating the building for example.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the power plant 2 with an alternate cooling device 36 .
  • the descriptions below are essentially restricted to the differences from the respective preceding exemplary embodiments, to which the reader is referred for features and functions which remain the same. Components which essentially remain the same are basically labeled with the same reference characters and features not mentioned are transferred into the following exemplary embodiments without being described once again.
  • the fuel line 18 is designed with a branch which is routed through the generator 24 .
  • the quantity of fuel to be routed through the generator 24 or a fuel preheater 40 can be adjusted by a valve 38 through a control means 34 .
  • the fuel preheater 40 is not thermally supplied with waste heat from the generator 24 but from another heat source. Through the combination of heat transfer to the fuel by the fuel preheater 40 and the cooling device 36 the fuel in the fuel line 18 can also be heated up to a desired temperature independently of the heat occurring in the generator 24 .
  • the fuel preheater 40 in the fuel line 18 from FIG. 1 is also possible and advantageous.
  • it can be arranged in the fuel flow after the fuel preheater 20 as an additional heat source for heating the fuel.
  • waste heat is transferred from the generator 24 via the cooling circuit 26 and the heat exchanger 28 of the cooling device 30 via a heat exchanger 42 to combustion air in the air feed 14 . Since the overall efficiency of the combined gas and steam power plant can be increased with a fixed output especially in the part load range if the compressor inlet temperature of the combustion air is increased, the combustion air preheating is sensible for increasing the efficiency of the power plant 2 . If the generator waste heat is used to this purpose in this power range in particular, a corresponding increase in the thermodynamic efficiency is achieved.
  • a further advantage of the heating of compressor induction air lies in being able to counteract a danger or air filter, compressor diffuser and the first stages of the compressor icing up.
  • Compressor induction air is expediently heated up by this so called anti-icing if it has a temperature around freezing point, i.e. typically between +5° C. and ⁇ 5° C., and when an air humidity of over 80% exists.
  • the corresponding heating of the compressor induction air is controlled by the control means 34 and by means not shown in the diagram for taking heat from the cooling device 30 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a power plant 44 with a turbine unit 46 comprising a steam turbine 48 .
  • the steam turbine 46 is supplied with fresh steam which drives the steam turbine 48 via a feed water circuit 50 .
  • Expanded steam is condensed in a condenser 52 and routed by a feed water pump 54 to the generator unit 8 in order to take heat from the cooling device 30 of the generator unit 8 with it for preheating the feed water.
  • a vessel 56 the feed water preheated with the generator waste heat is brought up to its upper temperature and pressure level and is subsequently routed as fresh steam to the steam turbine 48 .
  • the cooling device 30 includes a secondary cooling circuit 58 with a secondary cooler 60 and a cooling water pump 62 . With the aid of the control means 34 and valve 64 additional heat can be extracted by the secondary cooling circuit 58 from the generator 24 , even if no feed water heating is necessary at that moment and the feed water circuit is stationary because the valves 66 are closed.
  • the generator 24 is manufactured with a water-called stator and cooling channels made of stainless steel, typically V2A, so that the feed water is routed directly through the stator and can be used for cooling the stator windings.
  • feed water of the feed water circuit 50 is likewise heated with generator waste heat.
  • the feed water is heated up directly in a heat exchanger 72 on the generator 24 .
  • a further heat exchanger 74 is used on the feed water side and the waste heat from the generator 24 is transferred to the feed water on a separate circuit 76 .
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show sections from a power plant layout similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 , in which the generator waste heat is used by means of a heating circuit 32 ( FIG. 7 ) or directly for heating fresh air for fossil firing of the power plant 2 ( FIG. 8 ).
  • a heat exchanger 42 is arranged in the air feed 14 to a steam generator or vessel of the power plant 2 for example for heating the ambient air with generator waste heat.
  • a further heat exchanger 68 is available which is supplied with flue gas heat.
  • the combustion air is routed directly via an air compressor 70 as the cooling medium through the generator 24 and thus directly extracts waste heat from the generator 24 .
  • the waste heat from the generator unit 8 is used for first preheating of the combustion air.
  • the subsequent second preheating to a higher temperature level occurs in the heat exchanger 68 .
US13/139,062 2008-12-15 2009-11-18 Power plant comprising a turbine unit and a generator Abandoned US20110239650A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08021764A EP2196633A1 (de) 2008-12-15 2008-12-15 Kraftwerk mit einer Turbineneinheit und einem Generator
EP08021764.9 2008-12-15
PCT/EP2009/065374 WO2010072472A1 (de) 2008-12-15 2009-11-18 Kraftwerk mit einer turbineneinheit und einem generator

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US20110239650A1 true US20110239650A1 (en) 2011-10-06

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US13/139,062 Abandoned US20110239650A1 (en) 2008-12-15 2009-11-18 Power plant comprising a turbine unit and a generator

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US20110239650A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2196633A1 (de)
CN (1) CN102245861A (de)
RU (1) RU2011129334A (de)
WO (1) WO2010072472A1 (de)

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US20120216546A1 (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-30 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and device for turbo generator cooling
US20120272648A1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 General Electric Company Integrated generator cooling system
US20130160450A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Frederick J. Cogswell Hemetic motor cooling for high temperature organic rankine cycle system
US20150315927A1 (en) * 2014-05-01 2015-11-05 General Electric Company Enhanced generator capability in hot ambient temperatures
WO2015193016A1 (de) * 2014-06-17 2015-12-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasturbinengeneratorkühlung
WO2016099975A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Echogen Power Systems, L.L.C. Passive alternator depressurization and cooling system
JP2016537543A (ja) * 2013-09-27 2016-12-01 シーメンス アクティエンゲゼルシャフト ガスタービンおよび水素冷却発電機を備えた発電プラント
CN106246407A (zh) * 2016-08-25 2016-12-21 广西大学 一种优化发动机余热回收的系统
CN112385125A (zh) * 2018-07-09 2021-02-19 西门子能源美国公司 超临界co2冷却的电机
US11041439B2 (en) * 2018-09-14 2021-06-22 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Hybrid expander cycle with turbo-generator and cooled power electronics

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CN105649776A (zh) * 2016-01-19 2016-06-08 扬州市新港电机有限公司 一种基于SiC器件的燃气发电系统
DE102016204346A1 (de) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Generatorwärme-Nutzung
RU181074U1 (ru) * 2017-12-07 2018-07-04 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ульяновский государственный технический университет" Газоохладитель генератора
RU181070U1 (ru) * 2017-12-07 2018-07-04 Мансур Масхутович Замалеев Газоохладитель генератора

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RU2011129334A (ru) 2013-01-20
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WO2010072472A1 (de) 2010-07-01
CN102245861A (zh) 2011-11-16

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