US20110204703A1 - Bit Assemblies for Road Milling Mining and Trenching Equipment - Google Patents
Bit Assemblies for Road Milling Mining and Trenching Equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110204703A1 US20110204703A1 US13/021,272 US201113021272A US2011204703A1 US 20110204703 A1 US20110204703 A1 US 20110204703A1 US 201113021272 A US201113021272 A US 201113021272A US 2011204703 A1 US2011204703 A1 US 2011204703A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bit
- bit holder
- holder
- shank
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2866—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits for rotating digging elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
- B28D1/186—Tools therefor, e.g. having exchangeable cutter bits
- B28D1/188—Tools therefor, e.g. having exchangeable cutter bits with exchangeable cutter bits or cutter segments
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/19—Means for fixing picks or holders
- E21C35/191—Means for fixing picks or holders for fixing holders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/19—Means for fixing picks or holders
- E21C35/197—Means for fixing picks or holders using sleeves, rings or the like, as main fixing elements
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to road surface removal or reclaimer-stabilizer equipment and mining equipment and more particularly to bit assemblies including bits, bit holders and bit blocks that are more efficient in their cutting and passage of the cut material around the bit assembly.
- This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/509,349, filed Aug. 24, 2006, U.S. Pat. No. 7,883,155, which was a Division of Ser. No. 10/770,232, filed Feb. 2, 2004 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,097,358, which was a Division of Ser. No. 09/825,601, filed Apr. 4, 2001 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,273; which is a Continuation-in-Part of Ser. No. 09/500,983 filed Feb. 15, 2000 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,371,567. The contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- Bit assemblies are utilized in road, off-road and mining machinery on the perimeter and across the width of a rotary drum or on the outside of a continuous chain or the like where the bits are moved through an orbit which is intercepted by the face of the material being removed or recycled.
- Road milling equipment removes the defective surface of a road and smoothes the top of all or selected portions of the road surface.
- the bits utilized include a tip and a shank. The shank is received and may axially rotate in a bit holder which is secured onto a bit block that, in turn, is mounted on the drum.
- Each of the bits has a hardened tip, preferably made of tungsten carbide or such other hardened material that acts to remove a portion of the surface it contacts. By using a sufficient number of these bits around the outer surface of a rotating drum, a large amount of surface may be worked.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,111 discloses an undercut flange at the bottom of a base of a bit that allows a pry bar to be wedged between that flange and the top of the bit block to help remove a bit from the bit block. It would be desirable to provide more efficient means and multiple means for allowing the removal of a bit holder from a bit block. Additionally, heretofore known bit holders have been retained in bit blocks by the use of threaded nuts or retainer rings. A need has developed to provide means to mount the shank portion of a bit holder in a bit block without the need of a fastener on the distal end of the bit holder shank to retain same in the bit block.
- Another object of the present invention is the provision of a more efficient bit assembly that requires less power to run when mounted on road milling equipment than heretofore known bit assemblies while providing longer lasting useful life of operation.
- a further object of the present invention is the provision of multiple means for retaining a bit holder in a bit block by means of a resilient interference fit between the holder and the block.
- Another object of the present invention is the provision of an easily mounted tool on the bit holder that facilitates the removal of the bit holder from the bit block at the front of the leading surface of the bit holder without the need for a large amount of access to the rear of the bit block.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational exploded view of a bit assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view with certain modifications taken substantially along line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 with the items of FIG. 1 shown in mounted position on each other;
- FIG. 3 is a bottom 3 ⁇ 4 perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention showing a bit holder mounted in a bit block;
- FIG. 4 is a top 3 ⁇ 4 end perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a front 3 ⁇ 4 perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an upper side perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a third embodiment of a bit holder of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the third embodiment bit holder of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a front end elevational view of the third embodiment of the bit holder of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a fourth embodiment of a bit holder of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a front end elevational view of the fourth embodiment of a bit holder of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of a tool to facilitate removal of a bit holder from a bit block
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 showing a second embodiment of the plunger of FIG. 1 .
- a bit, bit holder and bit block assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention, includes a bit, generally indicated at 16 and a spacer, generally indicated at 17 , together with a bit holder, generally indicated at 18 and a bit block, generally indicated at 20 .
- the bit 16 includes a hardened tip 21 , usually made of tungsten carbide.
- the base of tungsten carbide tip 21 (not shown) resides in a pocket (not shown) in the front face 22 of a frustoconical forward portion 23 of bit 16 .
- a cylindrical front portion base 24 At the rear of the frustoconical portion 23 is a cylindrical front portion base 24 .
- the cylindrical base 24 performs a function which is analogous to prior art known as a “tire portion” of the bit because in that prior art the outside of the base portion has a rounded shape similar to the outside of a donut or tire.
- Aft of the cylindrical base 24 the tip narrows to a cylindrical shank 25 , which, in this embodiment, includes a C-shaped retainer 26 therearound and a cylindrical shank portion base 27 defining the rear end of the bit.
- the spacer 17 is shaped similarly to the shank portion 25 - 27 of bit 16 in that it includes opposed cylindrical ends 28 , 30 and a slightly narrowed cylindrical shank portion 31 mounted therebetween having a C-shaped retainer 32 positioned therearound.
- a spherical indent 33 At the outside of the opposed cylindrical end 30 is a spherical indent 33 whose purpose will be discussed in more detail below.
- the bit holder is termed a bulbous shaped bit holder as the front generally conical portion includes a middle section having a convex outline.
- the leading portion of the generally conical front section of bit holder 18 includes a cylindrical nose 34 , having a flat annular face 35 from which a central bore 36 extends axially all the way through the bit holder.
- a plurality of notches 37 - 37 adjacent the front face 35 of the bit holder, provide an access area to the cylindrical base 24 of the tip 16 into which a prying tool may be positioned to force out the base 24 of the bit 16 when the bit shank 25 and spacer 17 are mounted in the bore 36 of the bit holder 18 .
- the bulbous portion 38 of the generally frustoconical front section of the bit holder 18 Rearwardly adjacent the nose 34 is the bulbous portion 38 of the generally frustoconical front section of the bit holder 18 .
- the cylindrical base 40 Rearwardly of the bulbous section 38 is the cylindrical base 40 which performs a similar function in the bit holder 18 that the cylindrical base 24 performs in the bit 16 .
- Aft of the base 40 of the conical front portion of bit holder 18 is the shank 41 .
- the shank portion 41 includes an upper shoulder 42 which is slightly larger diameter than the middle shank portion 41 , and a second enlarged portion 42 of shank 41 immediately adjacent the distal end 43 thereof.
- a slot, whose forward end is indicated at 44 extends from the end of upper shoulder portion 42 through the distal end 43 of the shank 41 thus providing a C-shape for the perimeter of the shank 41 allowing it to expand and contract diametrically for a force fit into the bit block, generally indicated at 20 .
- a pin 45 is mounted in a bore 46 180 degrees around shank 41 from the slot 44 . The pin 45 assures that the spacer 17 will not fall out of the bottom of bit holder bore 36 in the bit holder 18 when it is mounted therein.
- the bit block 20 includes a base mounting portion 47 having a base 48 which is mountable on the outside of a drum (not shown) which is a part of road milling equipment.
- the front or leading portion of the mounting section 47 includes a pair of rearwardly angled shoulders 50 - 50 (only one shown).
- Adjacent the mounting section 47 which holds the bit block on the drum is a generally annular cylindrical bit holder mounting portion 51 having a central bore 52 positioned therethrough from a top surface 53 to a bottom distal portion 54 of the bit block 20 .
- Adjacent the bottom portion 54 and opposite the mounting portion 47 is a slot 55 which increases the accessibility of a tool to the rear of the bit block and into the bore 52 of the bit block 20 at the rear 54 thereof.
- a cylindrical bore 56 which may have a pin (shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 at 56 a ).
- Pin 56 a extends into the slot 44 of the bit holder, thus preventing rotation of same when mounted in the bit block.
- the shank portion 41 of the bit holder 18 is press fit into the bore 52 of the bit block 20 and retained therein.
- the spacer 17 and the shank portion 25 of bit 16 are mountable through the front end 35 of the bit holder 18 and are retained therein by C-shaped retainers 26 and 32 . Additionally, the spacer is retained in its mounted position by pin 45 .
- FIG. 2 the mounting relation between the bit block 20 , bit holder 18 , spacer 17 and bit 16 is shown in cross section.
- FIG. 2 is modified from a straight cross section of the assembly as shown in FIG. 1 in that the slot 44 of bit holder 18 and the slot 55 of bit block 20 are not seen so that the mounting relation between the bit block and bit holder may be shown in more detail.
- the upper shoulder 42 of the bit holder is not shown so that the relationship between the lower shoulder 42 a and the bit block bore 52 may be shown.
- the lower raised shoulder 42 a of the shank portion 41 of the bit holder 18 is press fit into the bore 52 of bit block 20 .
- the press fit between the two is on the order of four times the ordinary press fit between a cylindrical male member and an annular bore because the C-shape cross section of the shank is resilient with the addition of slot 44 therein.
- This allows the lower shoulder 42 a to be positioned in bore 52 with such a substantial press fit that neither a retaining nut nor retaining ring is necessary to maintain the bit holder in the bit block.
- a pin 56 a ( FIG. 5 ) is mounted through bore 56 into the slot 44 ( FIG.
- bit 16 and spacer 17 are mounted in the central bore 36 of bit holder 18 and retained therein by C-shaped retainer clips 26 and 32 .
- the semi-cylindrical indent 33 in the spacer 17 provides for the insertion of a tool through the backside of bore 36 which will accommodate punching out the spacer 17 and the bit 16 from the back of the assembly.
- the profile of the bit, bit holder and bit block maintains either a cylindrical outline or a conical outline although the conical outline may be slightly concave or convex also, to provide a smooth efficient aerodynamic outer surface which in this case does not have air passing by it, but has macadam or concrete passing by it.
- This smooth outer surface of the bit 16 , bit holder 18 and bit block 20 also benefits from the opposed shoulders 50 at the leading surface of the bit block 20 .
- the aim in providing this efficient aerodynamic profile is to both provide longer life for the assembly and the portions thereof, and to provide for more efficient separation of the macadam or concrete and passage of same by the assembly, thus requiring less power to run the road milling equipment and also providing longer life for the assembly 15 when performing its function.
- the lack of sharp edges and the lack of cylindrical outcroppings along the surface, or indents along the surface provide fewer areas for macadam or concrete to sharply impact the surface or become imbedded thereon, thus assuring a more efficient and longer work life for the assembly 15 and the parts thereof.
- bit holder 60 differs from bit holder 18 not only in that it is concave in its conical leading portion, but also because it has a hardened annular insert 61 preferably made of tungsten carbide positioned at its leading surface. Since the hardened insert 61 extends towards the outside of the concave, but generally conical forward surface 62 of the front portion of bit holder 60 to provide structural strength, there are no notches in the concave surface 62 .
- the bit 16 (not shown) would be driven out of the bit holder 60 for replacement by inserting a rod to tool (not shown) in the bottom of bore 63 of the bit holder (shown most clearly in FIG. 3 ) until it is stopped by semi-spherical indent 33 of spacer 17 ( FIG. 2 ) where a hammer struck on the end of the tool will drive the bit 16 outwardly of the bit holder 60 .
- the use of a hardened insert 61 has been shown to increase the work life of the bit holder 60 by providing a tougher mounting for the bit 16 in the bit holder 60 .
- Bit holder 70 is similar to the bit holder 18 in that it is a steel front bulbous type having a slotted shank.
- the steel cylindrical flange front 71 includes an annular steel face 72 similar to the first embodiment.
- the bulbous frustoconical portion 73 extends rearwardly beyond the cylindrical nose and includes a pair of notches 74 , 75 therein that provide tool access to the back of a bit for easing removal of the bit from the bit holder.
- the base 76 includes a rectangular notch 77 that extends radially inwardly from the outside of the circumference of cylindrical base 76 and is also in communication with the back face 76 a of the cylindrical base.
- notch 77 will allow access of a tool therein to provide a prying method for removing the bit holder from the bit block. This is especially important if, for some reason, access to the back of the bit holder is not obtainable.
- a prying tool positioned in notch 77 would provide for removal of the bit holder out of the bit block until after the upper shoulder 78 of shank portion 79 is free of the top of the bit block, thus easing removal of the bit holder from the bit block.
- a fourth embodiment of the bit holder of the present invention is a steel nosed bit holder similar to that shown in FIG. 1 , i.e., a bulbous style frustoconical nose bit holder, with the exception that the notches 82 , 83 are round in outline rather than rectangular as shown in the first embodiment 18 .
- the frustoconical portion at the front of the bit holder 80 includes the cylindrical nose 84 , bulbous frustoconical portion 85 and cylindrical base 86 .
- the shank portion 87 includes an upper shoulder 88 similar to that shown in the first embodiment.
- the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of diametrically opposed slots 90 - 90 a from the upper shoulder 88 to the forward edge of the distal end 89 such that the distal end 89 is still annular in shape rather than C-shaped as in the first embodiment 18 .
- the second difference in the shank portion between the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the lower shoulder portion 91 is moved forwardly on the shank to be at a position to bisect the opposed slots 90 - 90 a.
- the pair of opposed slots take away stiffness from the annular shank such that the lower shoulder portions 91 are resilient similar to the lower shoulder portion 42 a of the first embodiment even though the distal end 89 of the shank is continuously circular or annular in shape.
- the press fit of the lower shoulder 91 in the bore 52 of the bit block 20 is similar to that of the lower shoulder 42 a of the bit holder 18 in that it is a greater interference fit than that found in typical male-female member press fits, thus providing for ease of secure mountability of the bit holder 80 in the bore 52 of bit block 20 .
- no nut or retainer is necessary to hold the bit holder in the bit block.
- pin 56 a fits in either of the slots 90 - 90 a.
- Tool 95 includes an elongate bolt 98 having a hex head 96 , a shank 100 that extends through the bore 36 ( FIG. 1 ) of the bit holder 18 and out the distal end 43 thereof where a hex head nut 99 may be turned on the threads 95 at the distal end of the shank portion 100 of bolt 98 .
- An enlarged radially extending flange 101 has a central bore 102 through which the bolt shank 100 is passed prior to inserting the bolt through the bit holder bore 36 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the large flat surface 101 on the rearward side of annular flange 96 provides ample room for positioning the tool thereagainst or striking a hammer thereto to remove the bit holder 18 from the bit block 20 without needing a large amount of access to the rear of the bit block 20 other than room to fit nut 99 .
- spacer or plunger performs the same function as spacer 17 , is cylindrical in outline and slidingly fits in the central bore 106 of bit holder 107 .
- Spacer of plunger 105 includes an elongate infernal slot 108 extending mediate the front end 110 and rear cupped end 111 thereof.
- a perpendicular bore 112 radially through the shank sidewall 113 secures a pin 114 that extends into slot 108 to limit the movement of the spacer in the bore.
- An additional notch 115 in spacer 105 provides for removing the spacer from the bit holder 107 by driving the pin into the notch.
- spacer 105 does not need a retainer 32 to keep it mounted in its respective bit holder bore.
- an improved road milling bit assembly spacer, bit holder and bit block have been shown and described together with three additional embodiments of the bit holder and a bit holder removing tool.
- the bit assembly in being efficiently smooth and lacking in substantial annular discontinuities around the bit provides an efficiency of use when the bit separates either macadam or concrete and also provides for an efficient passage of such material around the bit assembly that lessens wear on the assembly and requires less power to drive the assembly through the macadam or concrete while also providing greater bit assembly life and requiring less fuel per hour to drive the assembly than heretofore known bit assemblies.
Abstract
An improved bit assembly for road milling, mining and trenching equipment includes a streamlined tip assembly that is a combination of conical and cylindrical in shape and devoid of protrusions or annular indentations that might impede the flow of removed material over and around the bit assembly or provide space for removed material to become clogged or imbedded on the tip assembly. The generally cylindrical hollow shank that mounts the bit holder to the bit block includes at least one axially aligned slot along its side wall that allows the side wall to supply radial force to maintain the bit holder in the bit block.
Description
- This invention relates generally to road surface removal or reclaimer-stabilizer equipment and mining equipment and more particularly to bit assemblies including bits, bit holders and bit blocks that are more efficient in their cutting and passage of the cut material around the bit assembly. This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/509,349, filed Aug. 24, 2006, U.S. Pat. No. 7,883,155, which was a Division of Ser. No. 10/770,232, filed Feb. 2, 2004 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,097,358, which was a Division of Ser. No. 09/825,601, filed Apr. 4, 2001 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,273; which is a Continuation-in-Part of Ser. No. 09/500,983 filed Feb. 15, 2000 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,371,567. The contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- Bit assemblies are utilized in road, off-road and mining machinery on the perimeter and across the width of a rotary drum or on the outside of a continuous chain or the like where the bits are moved through an orbit which is intercepted by the face of the material being removed or recycled. Road milling equipment removes the defective surface of a road and smoothes the top of all or selected portions of the road surface. The bits utilized include a tip and a shank. The shank is received and may axially rotate in a bit holder which is secured onto a bit block that, in turn, is mounted on the drum. Each of the bits has a hardened tip, preferably made of tungsten carbide or such other hardened material that acts to remove a portion of the surface it contacts. By using a sufficient number of these bits around the outer surface of a rotating drum, a large amount of surface may be worked.
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- a. The bit assembly including the bit, bit holder and bit block, act on the portion of the surface it is removing to separate that surface from the underlayment and as the drum rotates, passed that surface over the outside of the bit assembly. The milling of concrete and macadam surfaces required a substantial power output to operate the drum or continuous chain or the like. With the use of such a substantial power output to operate the heavy milling machinery, a need has developed to provide a more efficient bit assembly that utilizes less power to perform the same function as machines fitted with prior art bit assemblies.
- In O'Neill et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,455, a substantially frustoconical bit is mounted upon a block that provides a large mostly flat forward leading surface that impedes the flow of macadam or concrete therearound and provides a barrier to movement of the bit on additional portions of the surface to be milled.
- Additionally, a need has developed for providing ease of removability of bit holders in their bit blocks, especially when portions of or all of the assembly becomes worn and in need of replacement. U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,111 discloses an undercut flange at the bottom of a base of a bit that allows a pry bar to be wedged between that flange and the top of the bit block to help remove a bit from the bit block. It would be desirable to provide more efficient means and multiple means for allowing the removal of a bit holder from a bit block. Additionally, heretofore known bit holders have been retained in bit blocks by the use of threaded nuts or retainer rings. A need has developed to provide means to mount the shank portion of a bit holder in a bit block without the need of a fastener on the distal end of the bit holder shank to retain same in the bit block.
- Further, a need has developed for a truly quick-change type of bit holder that may easily and quickly be inserted in the bit block and removed therefrom.
- It is, therefore, an object of the present invention, generally stated, to provide an improved means for quickly mounting and/or removing a bit holder from its associated bit block.
- Another object of the present invention is the provision of a more efficient bit assembly that requires less power to run when mounted on road milling equipment than heretofore known bit assemblies while providing longer lasting useful life of operation.
- A further object of the present invention is the provision of multiple means for retaining a bit holder in a bit block by means of a resilient interference fit between the holder and the block.
- Another object of the present invention is the provision of an easily mounted tool on the bit holder that facilitates the removal of the bit holder from the bit block at the front of the leading surface of the bit holder without the need for a large amount of access to the rear of the bit block.
- The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the attached claims. The invention may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals refer to like parts and in which:
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FIG. 1 is a side elevational exploded view of a bit assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view with certain modifications taken substantially along line 2-2 ofFIG. 1 with the items ofFIG. 1 shown in mounted position on each other; -
FIG. 3 is a bottom ¾ perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention showing a bit holder mounted in a bit block; -
FIG. 4 is a top ¾ end perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a front ¾ perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is an upper side perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a third embodiment of a bit holder of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the third embodiment bit holder of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a front end elevational view of the third embodiment of the bit holder of the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a fourth embodiment of a bit holder of the present invention; -
FIG. 11 is a front end elevational view of the fourth embodiment of a bit holder of the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of a tool to facilitate removal of a bit holder from a bit block; -
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view similar toFIG. 2 showing a second embodiment of the plunger ofFIG. 1 . - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a bit, bit holder and bit block assembly, generally indicated at 15, constructed in accordance with the present invention, includes a bit, generally indicated at 16 and a spacer, generally indicated at 17, together with a bit holder, generally indicated at 18 and a bit block, generally indicated at 20. - The
bit 16 includes a hardenedtip 21, usually made of tungsten carbide. The base of tungsten carbide tip 21 (not shown) resides in a pocket (not shown) in thefront face 22 of a frustoconicalforward portion 23 ofbit 16. At the rear of thefrustoconical portion 23 is a cylindricalfront portion base 24. In this embodiment, thecylindrical base 24 performs a function which is analogous to prior art known as a “tire portion” of the bit because in that prior art the outside of the base portion has a rounded shape similar to the outside of a donut or tire. Aft of thecylindrical base 24, the tip narrows to acylindrical shank 25, which, in this embodiment, includes a C-shaped retainer 26 therearound and a cylindricalshank portion base 27 defining the rear end of the bit. - The
spacer 17 is shaped similarly to the shank portion 25-27 ofbit 16 in that it includes opposedcylindrical ends cylindrical shank portion 31 mounted therebetween having a C-shaped retainer 32 positioned therearound. At the outside of the opposedcylindrical end 30 is aspherical indent 33 whose purpose will be discussed in more detail below. - In this embodiment of the present invention, the bit holder, generally indicated at 18, is termed a bulbous shaped bit holder as the front generally conical portion includes a middle section having a convex outline. The leading portion of the generally conical front section of
bit holder 18 includes acylindrical nose 34, having a flatannular face 35 from which acentral bore 36 extends axially all the way through the bit holder. A plurality of notches 37-37 (one shown) adjacent thefront face 35 of the bit holder, provide an access area to thecylindrical base 24 of thetip 16 into which a prying tool may be positioned to force out thebase 24 of thebit 16 when thebit shank 25 andspacer 17 are mounted in thebore 36 of thebit holder 18. Rearwardly adjacent thenose 34 is thebulbous portion 38 of the generally frustoconical front section of thebit holder 18. Rearwardly of thebulbous section 38 is thecylindrical base 40 which performs a similar function in thebit holder 18 that thecylindrical base 24 performs in thebit 16. - Aft of the
base 40 of the conical front portion ofbit holder 18 is theshank 41. Theshank portion 41 includes anupper shoulder 42 which is slightly larger diameter than themiddle shank portion 41, and a secondenlarged portion 42 ofshank 41 immediately adjacent thedistal end 43 thereof. A slot, whose forward end is indicated at 44 extends from the end ofupper shoulder portion 42 through thedistal end 43 of theshank 41 thus providing a C-shape for the perimeter of theshank 41 allowing it to expand and contract diametrically for a force fit into the bit block, generally indicated at 20. Apin 45 is mounted in abore 46 180 degrees aroundshank 41 from theslot 44. Thepin 45 assures that thespacer 17 will not fall out of the bottom of bit holder bore 36 in thebit holder 18 when it is mounted therein. - In another important aspect of the present invention, the
bit block 20 includes abase mounting portion 47 having a base 48 which is mountable on the outside of a drum (not shown) which is a part of road milling equipment. The front or leading portion of the mountingsection 47 includes a pair of rearwardly angled shoulders 50-50 (only one shown). Adjacent the mountingsection 47 which holds the bit block on the drum is a generally annular cylindrical bitholder mounting portion 51 having acentral bore 52 positioned therethrough from atop surface 53 to a bottomdistal portion 54 of thebit block 20. Adjacent thebottom portion 54 and opposite the mountingportion 47 is aslot 55 which increases the accessibility of a tool to the rear of the bit block and into thebore 52 of the bit block 20 at the rear 54 thereof. Also, immediately aboveslot 55 is acylindrical bore 56 which may have a pin (shown inFIGS. 3 and 5 at 56 a).Pin 56 a extends into theslot 44 of the bit holder, thus preventing rotation of same when mounted in the bit block. As is evident from the exploded view, theshank portion 41 of thebit holder 18 is press fit into thebore 52 of thebit block 20 and retained therein. Further, thespacer 17 and theshank portion 25 ofbit 16 are mountable through thefront end 35 of thebit holder 18 and are retained therein by C-shapedretainers pin 45. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , the mounting relation between thebit block 20,bit holder 18,spacer 17 andbit 16 is shown in cross section.FIG. 2 is modified from a straight cross section of the assembly as shown inFIG. 1 in that theslot 44 ofbit holder 18 and theslot 55 ofbit block 20 are not seen so that the mounting relation between the bit block and bit holder may be shown in more detail. Additionally, theupper shoulder 42 of the bit holder is not shown so that the relationship between thelower shoulder 42 a and the bit block bore 52 may be shown. - As is shown most clearly in
FIG. 2 , the lower raisedshoulder 42 a of theshank portion 41 of thebit holder 18 is press fit into thebore 52 ofbit block 20. The press fit between the two is on the order of four times the ordinary press fit between a cylindrical male member and an annular bore because the C-shape cross section of the shank is resilient with the addition ofslot 44 therein. This allows thelower shoulder 42 a to be positioned inbore 52 with such a substantial press fit that neither a retaining nut nor retaining ring is necessary to maintain the bit holder in the bit block. However, because of vibration and potential rotation of the bit holder in the bit block, apin 56 a (FIG. 5 ) is mounted throughbore 56 into the slot 44 (FIG. 1 ) of the bit holder shank in order to maintain the bit holder and bit block in correct non-rotating mounted orientation. As additionally shown inFIG. 2 , thebit 16 andspacer 17 are mounted in thecentral bore 36 ofbit holder 18 and retained therein by C-shaped retainer clips 26 and 32. As shown most clearly inFIG. 2 , thesemi-cylindrical indent 33 in thespacer 17 provides for the insertion of a tool through the backside ofbore 36 which will accommodate punching out thespacer 17 and thebit 16 from the back of the assembly. - As also shown most clearly in
FIG. 2 , in an important aspect of the present invention, the profile of the bit, bit holder and bit block maintains either a cylindrical outline or a conical outline although the conical outline may be slightly concave or convex also, to provide a smooth efficient aerodynamic outer surface which in this case does not have air passing by it, but has macadam or concrete passing by it. This smooth outer surface of thebit 16,bit holder 18 and bit block 20 also benefits from theopposed shoulders 50 at the leading surface of thebit block 20. The aim in providing this efficient aerodynamic profile is to both provide longer life for the assembly and the portions thereof, and to provide for more efficient separation of the macadam or concrete and passage of same by the assembly, thus requiring less power to run the road milling equipment and also providing longer life for theassembly 15 when performing its function. Generally, the lack of sharp edges and the lack of cylindrical outcroppings along the surface, or indents along the surface, provide fewer areas for macadam or concrete to sharply impact the surface or become imbedded thereon, thus assuring a more efficient and longer work life for theassembly 15 and the parts thereof. -
- a. In operation, prior art road milling bit, bit holder and bit block assemblies normally operate for between three and four hundred hours before the parts wear out or a failure occurs in at least one part of the assembly. Applicant's bit, bit holder and bit block assembly have been operated for more than 1000 hours without serious deterioration of the assembly or failure of parts thereof. Also, the use of the
assembly 15 of the present invention on road milling equipment has provided a milling system which consumes less gasoline per hour to operate. While gas consumption of the road milling equipment varies depending on depth of cut, temperature, surface to be milled, etc., over a long period of time, it is believed that the bit assembly of the invention yields about a 10 percent improvement over prior art bit assemblies.
- a. In operation, prior art road milling bit, bit holder and bit block assemblies normally operate for between three and four hundred hours before the parts wear out or a failure occurs in at least one part of the assembly. Applicant's bit, bit holder and bit block assembly have been operated for more than 1000 hours without serious deterioration of the assembly or failure of parts thereof. Also, the use of the
- Referring to
FIGS. 3-6 , a second embodiment of the present invention is shown utilizing the bit block 20 of the first embodiment together with a concave style bit holder, generally indicated at 60.Bit holder 60 differs frombit holder 18 not only in that it is concave in its conical leading portion, but also because it has a hardenedannular insert 61 preferably made of tungsten carbide positioned at its leading surface. Since thehardened insert 61 extends towards the outside of the concave, but generally conicalforward surface 62 of the front portion ofbit holder 60 to provide structural strength, there are no notches in theconcave surface 62. With this embodiment, the bit 16 (not shown) would be driven out of thebit holder 60 for replacement by inserting a rod to tool (not shown) in the bottom ofbore 63 of the bit holder (shown most clearly inFIG. 3 ) until it is stopped bysemi-spherical indent 33 of spacer 17 (FIG. 2 ) where a hammer struck on the end of the tool will drive thebit 16 outwardly of thebit holder 60. The use of ahardened insert 61 has been shown to increase the work life of thebit holder 60 by providing a tougher mounting for thebit 16 in thebit holder 60. -
- a.
FIGS. 4 and 6 tend to show the increased efficiency obtained by utilizing opposed shoulders 50-50 to direct macadam away from theforward portion 50 a andthird shoulder 50 b of the bit block mounting portion. Also, as mentioned previously, and shown inFIGS. 3 and 5 , thepin 56 a is aligned with theslot 64 in the shank ofbit holder 60 to prevent rotation of thebit holder 60 in thebit block 20 when mounted therein. Additionally,FIG. 3 shows the accessibility of theshank 65 onbit holder 60 through the rear 54 of thebit block 20. Shown most clearly inFIGS. 3-6 , the forward facing surfaces of thebit holder 60 andbit block 20, with the exception of leadingsurface 50 a for strength of part reasons, all extend rearwardly and outwardly to provide a smooth, efficient deflecting surface for material separated from the macadam or concrete by thebit 16.
- a.
- Referring to
FIGS. 7 , 8 and 9, a third embodiment of a bit holder is shown generally at 70.Bit holder 70 is similar to thebit holder 18 in that it is a steel front bulbous type having a slotted shank. The steelcylindrical flange front 71 includes an annular steel face 72 similar to the first embodiment. The bulbousfrustoconical portion 73 extends rearwardly beyond the cylindrical nose and includes a pair ofnotches - At the rear of the bulbous
frustoconical portion 73 is thecylindrical base 75. In one important aspect of the present invention, thebase 76 includes arectangular notch 77 that extends radially inwardly from the outside of the circumference ofcylindrical base 76 and is also in communication with theback face 76 a of the cylindrical base. When thebit holder 70 is mounted in the bit block, such as 20,notch 77 will allow access of a tool therein to provide a prying method for removing the bit holder from the bit block. This is especially important if, for some reason, access to the back of the bit holder is not obtainable. A prying tool positioned innotch 77 would provide for removal of the bit holder out of the bit block until after theupper shoulder 78 ofshank portion 79 is free of the top of the bit block, thus easing removal of the bit holder from the bit block. - Referring to
FIGS. 10 and 11 , a fourth embodiment of the bit holder of the present invention, generally indicated at 80 is a steel nosed bit holder similar to that shown inFIG. 1 , i.e., a bulbous style frustoconical nose bit holder, with the exception that thenotches first embodiment 18. The frustoconical portion at the front of thebit holder 80 includes thecylindrical nose 84, bulbousfrustoconical portion 85 andcylindrical base 86. Rearwardly of the base, theshank portion 87 includes anupper shoulder 88 similar to that shown in the first embodiment. However, the remainder ofshank 87 differs from theshank 41 of the first embodiment in two ways. First, instead of having a slot extending from the edge ofupper shoulder 88 to thedistal end 89 of the shank, the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of diametrically opposed slots 90-90 a from theupper shoulder 88 to the forward edge of thedistal end 89 such that thedistal end 89 is still annular in shape rather than C-shaped as in thefirst embodiment 18. The second difference in the shank portion between the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment, is that thelower shoulder portion 91 is moved forwardly on the shank to be at a position to bisect the opposed slots 90-90 a. In this embodiment, the pair of opposed slots take away stiffness from the annular shank such that thelower shoulder portions 91 are resilient similar to thelower shoulder portion 42 a of the first embodiment even though thedistal end 89 of the shank is continuously circular or annular in shape. The press fit of thelower shoulder 91 in thebore 52 of thebit block 20 is similar to that of thelower shoulder 42 a of thebit holder 18 in that it is a greater interference fit than that found in typical male-female member press fits, thus providing for ease of secure mountability of thebit holder 80 in thebore 52 ofbit block 20. As with the other embodiments, no nut or retainer is necessary to hold the bit holder in the bit block. Also, pin 56 a fits in either of the slots 90-90 a. - Referring to
FIG. 12 , a tool for aiding removal of thebit holder 18 from thebit block 20 is generally indicated at 95.Tool 95 includes anelongate bolt 98 having ahex head 96, ashank 100 that extends through the bore 36 (FIG. 1 ) of thebit holder 18 and out thedistal end 43 thereof where ahex head nut 99 may be turned on thethreads 95 at the distal end of theshank portion 100 ofbolt 98. An enlarged radially extendingflange 101 has acentral bore 102 through which thebolt shank 100 is passed prior to inserting the bolt through the bit holder bore 36 (FIG. 1 ). The largeflat surface 101 on the rearward side ofannular flange 96 provides ample room for positioning the tool thereagainst or striking a hammer thereto to remove thebit holder 18 from thebit block 20 without needing a large amount of access to the rear of the bit block 20 other than room to fitnut 99. - Referring to
FIG. 13 , a second embodiment of spacer or plunger, generally indicated at 105, performs the same function asspacer 17, is cylindrical in outline and slidingly fits in thecentral bore 106 ofbit holder 107. Spacer ofplunger 105 includes an elongateinfernal slot 108 extending mediate thefront end 110 and rearcupped end 111 thereof. Aperpendicular bore 112 radially through theshank sidewall 113 secures apin 114 that extends intoslot 108 to limit the movement of the spacer in the bore. Anadditional notch 115 inspacer 105 provides for removing the spacer from thebit holder 107 by driving the pin into the notch. Unlikespacer 17,spacer 105 does not need aretainer 32 to keep it mounted in its respective bit holder bore. Thus, an improved road milling bit assembly spacer, bit holder and bit block have been shown and described together with three additional embodiments of the bit holder and a bit holder removing tool. The bit assembly in being efficiently smooth and lacking in substantial annular discontinuities around the bit provides an efficiency of use when the bit separates either macadam or concrete and also provides for an efficient passage of such material around the bit assembly that lessens wear on the assembly and requires less power to drive the assembly through the macadam or concrete while also providing greater bit assembly life and requiring less fuel per hour to drive the assembly than heretofore known bit assemblies. - While five differing embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. It is the intent of the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1-38. (canceled)
39. In an assembly for use in road milling, trenching and mining equipment including a bit, bit holder and a bit block, said bit being mountable in a first bore through said bit holder and said bit holder being mountable in a second bore through said bit block, said bit holder and bit block, in combination, comprising:
a single piece bit holder structure including,
a bit holder front portion and a generally cylindrical bit holder shank portion extending axially rearwardly from said front portion defining an annular sidewall, an elongate slot radially through said sidewall extending axially from a distal end of said shank and terminating between said distal end and said front portion defining a C-shape portion of said shank, an outer surface of said C-shape portion providing interference with said second bore on said bit block sufficient to maintain said bit holder on said bit block during use, and
said generally cylindrical hollow shank portion includes:
a second elongate slot radially through said sidewall substantially opposite said shank from said first slot.
40. The combination bit holder and bit block as defined in claim 39 wherein said second elongate slot includes opposed terminating ends spatially within the bounds of said shank portion.
41. The combination bit holder and bit block as defined in claim 39 wherein a radially extending land forms at least a portion of said shank side wall axially between said opposed slots sized to provide said interference fit.
42. The bit holder as defined in claim 29 wherein a pair of radial lands defined as being between said pair of elongate slots resized to provide said interference fit.
Priority Applications (2)
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US13/021,272 US20110204703A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2011-02-04 | Bit Assemblies for Road Milling Mining and Trenching Equipment |
US13/506,769 US20120286559A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2012-05-16 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling mining and treching equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/500,983 US6371567B1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2000-02-15 | Bit holders and bit blocks for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US09/825,601 US6685273B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-04-04 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US10/770,232 US7097258B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2004-02-02 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US11/509,349 US7883155B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2006-08-24 | Bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US13/021,272 US20110204703A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2011-02-04 | Bit Assemblies for Road Milling Mining and Trenching Equipment |
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US11/509,349 Continuation US7883155B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2006-08-24 | Bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
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US13/506,769 Continuation US20120286559A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2012-05-16 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling mining and treching equipment |
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US09/825,601 Expired - Lifetime US6685273B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-04-04 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US10/770,232 Expired - Fee Related US7097258B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2004-02-02 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US11/472,003 Expired - Fee Related US7950745B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2006-06-21 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US11/509,349 Expired - Fee Related US7883155B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2006-08-24 | Bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US13/021,272 Abandoned US20110204703A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2011-02-04 | Bit Assemblies for Road Milling Mining and Trenching Equipment |
US13/506,769 Abandoned US20120286559A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2012-05-16 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling mining and treching equipment |
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US10/770,232 Expired - Fee Related US7097258B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2004-02-02 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US11/472,003 Expired - Fee Related US7950745B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2006-06-21 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
US11/509,349 Expired - Fee Related US7883155B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2006-08-24 | Bit assemblies for road milling, mining and trenching equipment |
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US13/506,769 Abandoned US20120286559A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2012-05-16 | Streamlining bit assemblies for road milling mining and treching equipment |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7097258B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
US20060238015A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
US20120286559A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
US20040174065A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
US7950745B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
US6685273B1 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
US7883155B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 |
US20070052279A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
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Legal Events
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |