US20110203262A1 - Device for reducing nox emission in a diesel engine system - Google Patents

Device for reducing nox emission in a diesel engine system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110203262A1
US20110203262A1 US13/033,851 US201113033851A US2011203262A1 US 20110203262 A1 US20110203262 A1 US 20110203262A1 US 201113033851 A US201113033851 A US 201113033851A US 2011203262 A1 US2011203262 A1 US 2011203262A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
nox
scr
dpf
temperature
particulate filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/033,851
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael Potter
Alessandra CHIANALE
Andrea De FILIPPO
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication date
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Assigned to GM Global Technology Operations LLC reassignment GM Global Technology Operations LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHIANALE, ALESSANDRA, DE FILIPPO, ANDREA, POTTER, MICHAEL
Publication of US20110203262A1 publication Critical patent/US20110203262A1/en
Assigned to WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY reassignment WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the technical field relates to a device for reducing NOx emission in a diesel engine system.
  • Diesel emission legislation requires the use of a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to reduce the particles emitted and be compliant with Euro 5 emission requirements. Future Diesel emission legislation will also require more stringent NOx emission levels.
  • DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
  • a Selective Catalytic Reduction system is a catalytic device in which the nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas are reduced into diatomic nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O), with the aid of a gaseous reducing agent, typically ammonia (NH3) that can be obtained by urea (CH4N2O) thermo-hydrolysis and that is absorbed inside catalyst.
  • a gaseous reducing agent typically ammonia (NH3) that can be obtained by urea (CH4N2O) thermo-hydrolysis and that is absorbed inside catalyst.
  • urea is injected in the exhaust line and mixed with the exhaust gas upstream the SCR.
  • SCR systems are very effective in NOx reduction, but require periodic injection of urea.
  • the injection of urea is possible only above a certain temperature to avoid NH3 slip and deposits.
  • Such temperature is a function of the specific SCR system used, typically around 180° C. Additionally how fast such temperature is reached is function of different driving profiles, namely an urban driving profile or an extra urban profile give rise to different exhaust temperatures.
  • the SCR catalyst may have not reached the required activation temperature and thus cannot be efficient for NOx reduction.
  • the SCR inlet temperature must reach the activation temperature otherwise urea will not begin thermo-hydrolysis and, as a result, contribute to NH3 slip over catalyst.
  • deposit over injector and pipes may occur.
  • this temperature dependence there is a sensible risk of a low NOx conversion efficiency due to slip of NOx during the cold phase of a cycle while waiting to reach a higher temperature.
  • some actual solutions consider the NOx absorber technology to be used in Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) system.
  • DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
  • At least one object is to provide an after treatment device able to reach a good NOx conversion efficiency during all driving profiles, both at low and high exhaust gas temperatures. At least another object is to provide a particulate filter with added NOx absorber capability in combination with an under floor SCR. At least another object is to meet these goals by means of a simple, rational and inexpensive solution.
  • An embodiment provides for a device for reducing NOx emission in the engine exhaust stream of a Diesel engine system, the engine system comprising an exhaust line having at least a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and a Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system.
  • DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
  • DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
  • SCR Selective Catalyst Reduction
  • This embodiment has the advantage of being designed as a NOx trap enhancing NOx storage capabilities at low temperature without adding further catalysts and consequently reduce NOx emission in the engine exhaust stream.
  • Another embodiment provides for a NOx absorber that is suitable to release the NOx when a target temperature is reached, said target temperature being correlated to the activation temperature of the Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of synchronizing the activation of the Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) in correspondence of the release of the NOx by the NOx absorber in the DPF achieving a better management of urea.
  • said NOx absorber is distributed over the inlet channels of said Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF).
  • DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
  • Another embodiment provides for the fact that the Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system is an under floor SCR.
  • SCR Selective Catalyst Reduction
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device in a positioning inside the engine exhaust system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment in a first operative state
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device in a second operative state.
  • a Diesel engine exhaust line 10 is depicted in FIG. 1 , whereby the line 10 has a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) 11 , a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) 12 , or equivalent device, and a Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system 13 , this latter being provided with a tank 14 for a reducing agent such as for example urea.
  • DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
  • DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
  • SCR Selective Catalyst Reduction
  • the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) 11 has an additional NOx absorber 20 , providing a NOx absorber function for storing and releasing NOx emissions in the engine exhaust stream. Therefore in the embodiment described, to enhance the NOx reduction also during any cold cycle phase during use of the vehicle, the additional NOx absorber 20 is used before the SCR system 13 .
  • Such NOx absorber 20 is able to trap the NOx during cold phase and to release them by thermal desorption, as schematically shown in FIG. 3 , when the SCR is active and urea is injected.
  • a target temperature may be then defined as a temperature, typical of the NOx absorber 20 technology, at which the NOx trapped in the absorber 20 are released without any external aid or action such as, for example, additional additives or engine management modifications. This temperature is normally about 180-200° C., depending of typology of the absorber technology.
  • NOx stored are function of the NOx storage capacity and of substrate temperature but, according to the embodiment described, they can be released by thermal desorption. It is emphasized that with this device there is no need of rich combustion to achieve NOx desorption at the target temperature.
  • a preferred embodiment of the NOx absorber in the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) 12 comprises a NOx absorber made of a washcoat element to enhance NOx storing capabilities. Also the NOx absorber washcoat element is designed in a way that when the thermal desorption occurs, the SCR is already active and urea can be injected. As results the overall NOx emission can be reduced thanks to a cut on NOx emission during cold system temperature phase In particular, the NOx absorber 20 in the DPF 12 can guarantee the storage of NOx during any low exhaust temperature phase. NOx stored are function of the NOx storage capacity and substrate temperature.
  • NOx are thermally released from NOx absorber in the DPF 12 .
  • That specific temperature is correlated to the activation temperature of SCR technology and to the possibility to inject urea so that when the NOx are released by the DPF they can be effectively reduced by SCR system.
  • the NOx absorber as described has mainly the function to store the NOx derived from engine operation, for a temporary interval of time until a temperature correlated to the SCR activation temperature is reached; subsequently the NOx are released.
  • the Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system used in the exhaust line is an under floor SCR.
  • the NOx absorber may be distributed in the inlet channels of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF).
  • DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
  • NOx absorber functionalities within the inlet part of the DPF, in general NOx emission reduction is improved, especially at low temperature, without adding any other catalyst or device.
  • coating technology needed to distribute the NOx absorber washcoat inside the DPF may follow the same procedure used for other catalyst coating.
  • NOx emissions in the engine exhaust stream are reduced due to added NOx storage at low temperature.
  • SCR system costs relative to current SCR systems may be reduced.
  • a better management of urea is obtained contributing to reduce urea consumption.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US13/033,851 2010-02-25 2011-02-24 Device for reducing nox emission in a diesel engine system Abandoned US20110203262A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1003184.7 2010-02-25
GB1003184A GB2478132A (en) 2010-02-25 2010-02-25 Device to reduce NOx for all driving profiles at both low and high exhaust temperatures.

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US20110203262A1 true US20110203262A1 (en) 2011-08-25

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CN (1) CN102168596A (zh)
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130312392A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Cary Henry Systems and methods to mitigate nox and hc emissions at low exhaust temperatures
FR3007792A1 (fr) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-02 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Ligne d'echappement de gaz d'echappement d'un moteur thermique
US9441520B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2016-09-13 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Aftertreatment system having two SCR catalysts
US9512761B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2016-12-06 Cummins Inc. Systems and methods for NOx reduction and aftertreatment control using passive NOx adsorption
US9677439B2 (en) 2014-01-20 2017-06-13 Cummins Inc. Systems and methods to mitigate NOx and HC emissions
EP3229941A1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2017-10-18 IFP Énergies nouvelles Produit pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement, notamment de moteur à combustion interne, et procédé de dépollution des gaz d'échappement utilisant ce produit
US20190085746A1 (en) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-21 Caterpillar Inc. Aftertreatment system
US20220307403A1 (en) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-29 Purem GmbH Exhaust gas/reactant mixing assembly

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130180231A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Exhaust aftertreatment system
US20190234283A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-01 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc ENGINE OUT NOx REDUCTION USING ENHANCED DEF

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US5388406A (en) * 1991-10-29 1995-02-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha NOx decreasing apparatus for an internal combustion engine
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US20060075743A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-04-13 Li Bob X Exhaust treatment systems and methods for using the same
JP2009185659A (ja) * 2008-02-05 2009-08-20 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
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US5388406A (en) * 1991-10-29 1995-02-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha NOx decreasing apparatus for an internal combustion engine
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US20030115859A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-26 Engelhard Corporation Exhaust system and method for removing particulate matter from diesel engine exhaust
US20060075743A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-04-13 Li Bob X Exhaust treatment systems and methods for using the same
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9441520B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2016-09-13 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Aftertreatment system having two SCR catalysts
US20130312392A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Cary Henry Systems and methods to mitigate nox and hc emissions at low exhaust temperatures
FR3007792A1 (fr) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-02 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Ligne d'echappement de gaz d'echappement d'un moteur thermique
US9677439B2 (en) 2014-01-20 2017-06-13 Cummins Inc. Systems and methods to mitigate NOx and HC emissions
US9512761B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2016-12-06 Cummins Inc. Systems and methods for NOx reduction and aftertreatment control using passive NOx adsorption
EP3229941A1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2017-10-18 IFP Énergies nouvelles Produit pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement, notamment de moteur à combustion interne, et procédé de dépollution des gaz d'échappement utilisant ce produit
US20190085746A1 (en) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-21 Caterpillar Inc. Aftertreatment system
US20220307403A1 (en) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-29 Purem GmbH Exhaust gas/reactant mixing assembly
US11702972B2 (en) * 2021-03-25 2023-07-18 Purem GmbH Exhaust gas/reactant mixing assembly

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Publication number Publication date
GB201003184D0 (en) 2010-04-14
CN102168596A (zh) 2011-08-31
GB2478132A (en) 2011-08-31

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