US20110173925A1 - Structural insulated panel system - Google Patents
Structural insulated panel system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110173925A1 US20110173925A1 US12/690,683 US69068310A US2011173925A1 US 20110173925 A1 US20110173925 A1 US 20110173925A1 US 69068310 A US69068310 A US 69068310A US 2011173925 A1 US2011173925 A1 US 2011173925A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- frame member
- vertical frame
- recesses
- panel
- voids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002937 thermal insulation foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/06—Walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/06—Walls
- F25D23/062—Walls defining a cabinet
- F25D23/063—Walls defining a cabinet formed by an assembly of panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/08—Parts formed wholly or mainly of plastics materials
- F25D23/082—Strips
- F25D23/087—Sealing strips
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a structural insulated panel.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a structural insulated panel system having improved frame members.
- the present invention more particularly relates to frame members having joint sealing capabilities intended to eliminate or minimize the need for field-applied sealants.
- the present invention more particularly relates to frame members having improved thermal insulation performance and reduced weight.
- Such known walls or panels typically include wall or paneling structures where a layer of an insulation material is installed (e.g. blankets, sheets, etc.) within a cavity of a wall during construction of the wall or structure, or is applied (e.g. spraying a foam material, etc.) to a surface of the wall or structure after construction is complete.
- Such insulation panels typically have frame members that require field application of a sealant at the joints of the frame members during assembly of the temperature controlled storage areas to prevent condensation from infiltrating the frame members and to reduce heat loss through the joint.
- frame members are typically made from a wood material (e.g. ‘two by four’ lumber, etc.) due to its relatively low cost and relatively good thermal insulation properties (when compared to metallic frame members).
- a wood material e.g. ‘two by four’ lumber, etc.
- two by four wood frame members usually do not provide the same thermal insulation performance as the body of the insulation panels. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a structural insulated panel system having frame members that include an improved joint sealing system, and/or provide improved thermal insulation performance with the benefit of having a reduced weight.
- a structural insulated panel system includes a frame having a first vertical frame member and a second vertical frame member and a top frame member and a bottom frame member.
- a first siding member is attached to at least a portion of one side of the frame and a second siding member is attached to at least a portion of an opposite side of the frame, the frame and the first and second siding members forming a cavity.
- An insulation material is disposed within the cavity.
- the first vertical frame member has a plurality of recesses having a first depth and the second vertical frame member has a plurality of projections having a second depth.
- a first compressible seal is disposed within the recesses and configured to be compressed by the projections of an adjacent panel upon assembly of two panels to one another.
- a second compressible seal is disposed adjacent to each outside edge of the first or second vertical frame member and configured to be compressed by the other of the first or second vertical frame member upon assembly of two panels to one another.
- a plurality of voids are formed in at least one of the frame members and filled with the insulation fill material.
- a structural insulated panel includes a frame having a first vertical frame member and a second vertical frame member and a top frame member and a bottom frame member.
- a first siding member is attached to at least a portion of one side of the frame and a second siding member is attached to at least a portion of an opposite side of the frame, the frame and the first and second siding members forming a cavity.
- An insulation material is disposed within the cavity.
- the first vertical frame member has two or more recesses and the second vertical frame member has two or more projections.
- a compressible hollow core seal is disposed within the recesses and is configured to be compressed by the projections of an adjacent panel upon assembly of two panels to one another.
- a compressible solid core seal is disposed adjacent to at least one outside edge of the first or second vertical frame member and is configured to be compressed by the other of the first or second vertical frame member upon assembly of two panels to one another.
- a plurality of voids are formed in at least one of the frame members and are open to the cavity and filled with the insulation fill material.
- the plurality of voids include a first elongated void and a plurality of second voids arranged in an alternating pattern.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a conventional structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic image of a top view of the conventional structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system of FIG. 1A with the panels in an “open” (e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.) configuration.
- an “open” e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.
- FIG. 1C is a schematic image of a top view of the conventional structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system of FIG. 1A with the panels in a “closed” (e.g. coupled, joined, assembled, etc.) configuration.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system of FIG. 2A with the panels in an “open” (e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.) configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- an “open” e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.
- FIG. 2C is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system of FIG. 2A with the panels in a “closed” (e.g. coupled, joined, assembled, etc.) configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system, according to another exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3B is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system of FIG. 3A with the panels in an “open” (e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.) configuration, according to another exemplary embodiment.
- an “open” e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.
- FIG. 3C is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system of FIG. 3A with the panels in a “closed” (e.g. coupled, joined, assembled, etc.) configuration, according to another exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a structural insulated panel with frame members having improved thermal insulation performance, according to another exemplary embodiment.
- FIGS. 4B-4D are a schematic images of a perspective views of a frame members having improved thermal insulation performance of FIG. 4A , according to an exemplary embodiment.
- a structural insulated panel system 100 for use in assembling an enclosure e.g. walk-in cooler, refrigerated storage area, etc.
- other type of structure e.g. residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, etc.
- the panels are prefabricated with a frame and siding arrangement that permits rapid and secure assembly of the panels to one another (e.g. in a “plug-and-play” type manner, etc.).
- the panels may be provided in a wide variety of sizes (e.g.
- the panels may be provided in various thicknesses as “standard” thicknesses corresponding to a range of desired thermal performance characteristics, or may be provided in custom thicknesses intended to suit a particular application.
- the thickness of the panels may be varied by changing the thickness of either or both of the siding and the frame.
- the conventional panels 10 are shown to include structural frame members 12 generally positioned about a perimeter of the panel.
- the frame members are typically solid wooden lumber such as two by fours or the like, and may include a tongue and groove arrangement 14 .
- the sealing system may include a flat gasket strip 16 along the outer edges of the face of one of the frame members that is intended to seal against an opposite and adjacent frame member of another panel when the panels are joined together. Such gasket strips, alone, are generally considered to be insufficient to provide a desired level of thermal insulation and moisture barrier protection.
- such conventional panels also typically include a bead of field-applied sealant 18 such as butyl rubber caulk applied on the face of one of the frame members and along its length that is intended to seal against an opposite and adjacent frame member of another panel when the panels are joined together.
- sealant 18 such as butyl rubber caulk applied on the face of one of the frame members and along its length that is intended to seal against an opposite and adjacent frame member of another panel when the panels are joined together.
- sealant 18 such as butyl rubber caulk applied on the face of one of the frame members and along its length that is intended to seal against an opposite and adjacent frame member of another panel when the panels are joined together.
- Such field application of a sealant is time-consuming, sloppy and often results in varying degrees of effectiveness based upon the skill and expertise of the installer.
- frame members are typically made from a wood lumber usually do not provide the desired thermal insulation performance. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a structural insulated panel system having frame members that include an improved joint sealing system, and/or
- Panels 110 are shown to include a frame 112 having first and second vertical frame members 114 , 116 and a top frame member 118 and a bottom frame member 120 , a first siding member 122 , a second siding member 124 , and an insulation fill material therebetween.
- the frame 112 is formed from structural members, such as “two by four” wood lumber to create a wood perimeter frame, although other size lumber (e.g. 2 ⁇ 2, 2 ⁇ 6, 2 ⁇ 8, etc.) may be used to provide panels having a greater or lesser width (e.g.
- the frame 112 is also shown formed in the shape of a rectangle having two vertical and two horizontal structural members, each located generally along a perimeter of the panel. However, additional (i.e. internal) structural members may be included (e.g. within the perimeter and extending side-to-side and/or top-to-bottom and/or corner-to-corner) to provide additional structural support as desired for a particular application.
- First and second siding members 122 , 124 are attached on opposite sides (e.g. front and back, inside and outside, etc.) of the frame 112 to provide a structural panel having a cavity 126 defined by the siding members 122 , 124 and the frame 112 (or multiple cavities in the event that the panel includes one or more internal structural members).
- the siding members may be provided as any type of siding having a desired strength and appearance for a particular application.
- the siding members are provided as metallic sheet material (e.g. “skin”, etc.), however the siding members may also be oriented strand board (OSB) having a thickness of approximately 7/16 inches (or other thicknesses as determined by performance specifications for a particular enclosure).
- OSB oriented strand board
- the siding members may include (or be formed from, or have applied thereto) a fire resistant or fire retardant material, and/or an antibacterial or antimicrobial treatment.
- multiple skin options may be used with varying materials and/or thicknesses to provide specific or custom-tailored thermal, fire, or environmental performance boundaries.
- the siding members may be attached to the frame using any suitable method and components such as nails, screws, staples, adhesive (glue, etc.) or combination thereof, to provide a panel “shell”.
- the cavity(ies) 126 of the shell are then filled with the insulation material 128 to provide the first type of structural insulated panel.
- the insulation fill material is a polyurethane foam that is injected into the cavity(ies) through a suitable small hole (not shown) cut or drilled into one of the siding members at a location corresponding to a generally central location of the cavity.
- the polyurethane foam is injected into the one or more cavities to provide a desired density corresponding to the desired thermal performance characteristic of the panel.
- the density of the insulation foam material is within a range of approximately 2.0-2.6 pounds per cubic foot.
- FIGS. 2A-2C an improved frame member and sealing system 100 for the structural insulted panels are shown according to one embodiment.
- Vertical frame members 114 , 116 are shown to include a number of improved sealing characteristics intended to eliminate or minimize the need for a field-applied sealant.
- Frame members are shown to include a structural labyrinth seal 130 formed by multiple projections 132 and recesses 134 (which may include tapered side walls to facilitate installation).
- Each recess 134 is shown to include a compressible seal 136 .
- compressible seal 136 is formed from rubber or similar material and includes one or more (shown for example as two) elongated hollow core sections 138 separated by a bridge piece (e.g.
- the web, etc. 140 having a width sufficient to permit compression of the hollow core sections 138 in a manner that the hollow core sections 138 remain independent without touching one another.
- the “double” hollow core seal in each recess effectively provides four sealing points within the joint seal for the frames.
- the hollow core sections 138 are compressed by projections 132 upon joining of adjacent panels to one another.
- Sealing system 130 is also shown to include another compressible seal 146 along an outer edge of the frame member (shown for example as between the projections and the outer edge).
- Compressible seals 146 are formed from rubber or other suitable material and include one or more (shown for example as two) elongated, semi-circular solid core sections 148 that extend along the length of the frame member 116 , and are compressed between frame members 114 , 116 when adjacent panels are joined together. Each recess 134 is also shown with a depth that is slightly greater than the length of the projection 132 in order to provide space for properly engineered compression of compressible seals 136 and 146 when frame members 114 and 116 are in contact with one another. According to alternative embodiments, a third compressible seal may be provided on frame member 116 between projections 132 to provide an additional sealing surface.
- the structural labyrinth seal and the compressible sealing members provided in the illustrated embodiment are intended to eliminate the problems associated with field-applied caulk-type sealants that are typically used in conventional panel arrangements and provide improved sealing performance.
- the recesses, projections and compressible seals are all configured to be factory assembled as pre-fabricated units, so that the structural insulated panels can be readily assembled at a job site.
- FIGS. 3A-3C an improved frame member and sealing system 200 for the structural insulted panels are shown according to another embodiment.
- Vertical frame members 214 , 216 are shown to include a number of improved sealing characteristics intended to eliminate or minimize the need for a field-applied sealant.
- Frame members 214 , 216 are shown to include another structural labyrinth seal 230 formed by multiple projections 232 and recesses 234 .
- Recesses 234 are shown by way of example to include one or more (shown by way of example as two) substantially semi-circular recesses 235 , and a substantially rectangular recess 237 (having tapered side walls to facilitate installation) disposed therebetween, however recesses with other shapes may be used according to other embodiments.
- Projections 232 are shown to include triangular projections 231 (e.g. ridges, etc.) corresponding to the semi-circular recesses 235 and a substantially rectangular projection 233 corresponding to rectangular recess 237 .
- Each of the semi-circular recesses 235 is shown to include a solid core compressible seal 236 made from rubber or similar material, however hollow core compressible seals may be used according to other embodiments.
- Each of the compressible seals 236 in the semi-circular 235 recesses are compressed by the ridge-shaped projections 231 upon joining of adjacent panels to one another.
- Sealing system 230 is also shown to include another compressible seal 246 along an outer edge of the frame member 216 (shown for example as between the ridge-shaped projections 231 and the outer edge).
- Compressible seals 246 are formed from rubber or other suitable material and include one or more (shown for example as two) elongated, semi-circular, solid core sections 248 that extend along the length of the frame member 216 , and are compressed between frame members 214 , 216 when adjacent panels are joined together.
- Each recess is also shown with a depth that is slightly greater than the length of the corresponding projection in order to provide space (e.g. gap, etc.) for properly engineered compression of compressible seals 236 and 246 .
- a third compressible seal of a type similar to compressible seal 136 previously described with reference to FIG. 2A-2C may be provided in recess 237 to provide an additional sealing surface.
- the structural labyrinth seal and the compressible sealing members provided in the illustrated embodiment are intended to represent another exemplary sealing system intended to eliminate the problems associated with field-applied caulk-type sealants that are typically used in conventional panel arrangements and provide improved sealing performance.
- the recesses, projections and compressible seals are all configured to be factory assembled as pre-fabricated units, so that the structural insulated panels can be readily assembled at a job site.
- Frame members 314 , 316 , 318 , and/or 320 may include any desirable sealing system, such as previously described with reference to FIGS. 2A-2C and/or FIGS. 3A-3C .
- Frame members 314 , 316 , 318 and 320 are also shown to include voids 350 (e.g. cutouts, hollows, etc.) that are intended to be filled with insulation fill material 328 upon injection into cavity 326 .
- a first void 352 includes a first recess (shown by way of example as a rectangular recess in the form of a slot, but other shapes or numbers of slots may be used in other embodiments) extending along a back (e.g. internal) side of frame members 314 , 316 , 318 , and 320 .
- second void includes a plurality of second recesses 354 formed in the back side of frame members 314 , 316 , 318 , and 320 .
- Recesses 354 are shown by way of example as substantially cylindrical recesses arranged in a staggered (e.g. alternating, zig-zag, etc.) pattern. According to the illustrated embodiment, the spacing of the recesses 354 is intended to maximize a zone of insulation to act as an improved barrier to heat transfer in a transverse direction through the panel wall (e.g. from a warm outer region to a cool inner region), while maintaining the necessary structural integrity of the panel. According to other embodiments, other recess shapes and patterns may be used to obtain a desired thermal insulation performance profile for the frame members.
- voids 350 within frame members 314 , 316 , 318 , 320 that are filled with the insulation fill material have a lower density than the frame material results in a frame member having reduced weight that improves ease of shipping, handling and installing the structural insulated panels.
- the structural insulated panel system provides panels having frame members with improved joint sealing characteristics that eliminate or minimize the use of field-applied sealants and that provide improved thermal insulation performance with reduced weight.
- the vertical frame members include a structural labyrinth seal with recesses having compressible seals that are configured for engagement with mating projections from a corresponding vertical frame member on an adjacent panel upon assembly of the panels to one another in the construction of a temperature controlled storage device.
- the seals may be elongated sections having hollow cores configured for compression by generally planar surfaces on the corresponding projections, or may be solid core and configured for compression by non-planar surfaces (e.g. ridges, protuberances, etc.) on the corresponding projections.
- the frame members also include a pattern of voids that are filled with the insulation fill material from the main cavity to provide enhanced thermal performance and weight reduction of the overall panel assembly.
- the system may include any suitable type of recesses, projections, hollow and/or solid core compressible seals to effect a desired sealing performance level.
- the insulation fill voids in the frame members may include and shape or combination of shapes, in any desirable pattern to provide a desired thermal insulation performance while meeting or maintaining the desired structural performance characteristics for the frame. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, construction, assembly, and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures.
- Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating configuration and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present inventions as expressed in the appended claims.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a structural insulated panel. The present invention relates more particularly to a structural insulated panel system having improved frame members. The present invention more particularly relates to frame members having joint sealing capabilities intended to eliminate or minimize the need for field-applied sealants. The present invention more particularly relates to frame members having improved thermal insulation performance and reduced weight.
- It is generally known to provide insulated panels or walls for temperature controlled storage areas (e.g. walk-in coolers, etc.) or for other structures or enclosures where a thermal boundary is desired. Such known walls or panels typically include wall or paneling structures where a layer of an insulation material is installed (e.g. blankets, sheets, etc.) within a cavity of a wall during construction of the wall or structure, or is applied (e.g. spraying a foam material, etc.) to a surface of the wall or structure after construction is complete. Such insulation panels typically have frame members that require field application of a sealant at the joints of the frame members during assembly of the temperature controlled storage areas to prevent condensation from infiltrating the frame members and to reduce heat loss through the joint. Such field application of a sealant is time-consuming, sloppy and often results in varying degrees of effectiveness based upon the skill and expertise of the installer. Also, frame members are typically made from a wood material (e.g. ‘two by four’ lumber, etc.) due to its relatively low cost and relatively good thermal insulation properties (when compared to metallic frame members). However, such two by four wood frame members usually do not provide the same thermal insulation performance as the body of the insulation panels. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a structural insulated panel system having frame members that include an improved joint sealing system, and/or provide improved thermal insulation performance with the benefit of having a reduced weight.
- According to one embodiment, a structural insulated panel system includes a frame having a first vertical frame member and a second vertical frame member and a top frame member and a bottom frame member. A first siding member is attached to at least a portion of one side of the frame and a second siding member is attached to at least a portion of an opposite side of the frame, the frame and the first and second siding members forming a cavity. An insulation material is disposed within the cavity. The first vertical frame member has a plurality of recesses having a first depth and the second vertical frame member has a plurality of projections having a second depth. A first compressible seal is disposed within the recesses and configured to be compressed by the projections of an adjacent panel upon assembly of two panels to one another. A second compressible seal is disposed adjacent to each outside edge of the first or second vertical frame member and configured to be compressed by the other of the first or second vertical frame member upon assembly of two panels to one another. A plurality of voids are formed in at least one of the frame members and filled with the insulation fill material.
- According to another embodiment, a structural insulated panel includes a frame having a first vertical frame member and a second vertical frame member and a top frame member and a bottom frame member. A first siding member is attached to at least a portion of one side of the frame and a second siding member is attached to at least a portion of an opposite side of the frame, the frame and the first and second siding members forming a cavity. An insulation material is disposed within the cavity. The first vertical frame member has two or more recesses and the second vertical frame member has two or more projections. A compressible hollow core seal is disposed within the recesses and is configured to be compressed by the projections of an adjacent panel upon assembly of two panels to one another. A compressible solid core seal is disposed adjacent to at least one outside edge of the first or second vertical frame member and is configured to be compressed by the other of the first or second vertical frame member upon assembly of two panels to one another. A plurality of voids are formed in at least one of the frame members and are open to the cavity and filled with the insulation fill material. The plurality of voids include a first elongated void and a plurality of second voids arranged in an alternating pattern.
-
FIG. 1A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a conventional structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system. -
FIG. 1B is a schematic image of a top view of the conventional structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system ofFIG. 1A with the panels in an “open” (e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.) configuration. -
FIG. 1C is a schematic image of a top view of the conventional structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system ofFIG. 1A with the panels in a “closed” (e.g. coupled, joined, assembled, etc.) configuration. -
FIG. 2A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 2B is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system ofFIG. 2A with the panels in an “open” (e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.) configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 2C is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system ofFIG. 2A with the panels in a “closed” (e.g. coupled, joined, assembled, etc.) configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 3A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system, according to another exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 3B is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system ofFIG. 3A with the panels in an “open” (e.g. uncoupled, unjoined, unassembled, etc.) configuration, according to another exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 3C is a schematic image of a top view of the structural insulated panel with frame members and a sealing system ofFIG. 3A with the panels in a “closed” (e.g. coupled, joined, assembled, etc.) configuration, according to another exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 4A is a schematic image of a perspective view of a structural insulated panel with frame members having improved thermal insulation performance, according to another exemplary embodiment. -
FIGS. 4B-4D are a schematic images of a perspective views of a frame members having improved thermal insulation performance ofFIG. 4A , according to an exemplary embodiment. - Referring to
FIGS. 2A-4D , a structural insulatedpanel system 100 for use in assembling an enclosure (e.g. walk-in cooler, refrigerated storage area, etc.) or other type of structure (e.g. residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, etc.) having a thermal boundary is shown according to various embodiments. The panels are prefabricated with a frame and siding arrangement that permits rapid and secure assembly of the panels to one another (e.g. in a “plug-and-play” type manner, etc.). The panels may be provided in a wide variety of sizes (e.g. height and width) that may be provided as “standard” sizes (such as within a range of six inches to 48 inches wide, and 8 to 10 feet high) or may also be provided in a wide range of custom order sizes (such as up to 12 feet wide and up to 16 feet high) intended to suit a particular application. The panels may also be provided in various thicknesses as “standard” thicknesses corresponding to a range of desired thermal performance characteristics, or may be provided in custom thicknesses intended to suit a particular application. The thickness of the panels may be varied by changing the thickness of either or both of the siding and the frame. Although the system is shown and described by way of example as having rectangular shaped panels, the system may be used with any of a wide variety of shapes and corner assembly configurations. Further, the panels may be modified for use in particular areas of the enclosure, such as for use as roof panels, etc. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention as disclosed in reference to the embodiments illustrated and described herein. - Referring to
FIGS. 1A-1C , a conventional structural insulated panel system with frame members and a field-applied sealant is shown. The conventional panels 10 are shown to includestructural frame members 12 generally positioned about a perimeter of the panel. The frame members are typically solid wooden lumber such as two by fours or the like, and may include a tongue andgroove arrangement 14. The sealing system may include aflat gasket strip 16 along the outer edges of the face of one of the frame members that is intended to seal against an opposite and adjacent frame member of another panel when the panels are joined together. Such gasket strips, alone, are generally considered to be insufficient to provide a desired level of thermal insulation and moisture barrier protection. Accordingly, such conventional panels also typically include a bead of field-appliedsealant 18 such as butyl rubber caulk applied on the face of one of the frame members and along its length that is intended to seal against an opposite and adjacent frame member of another panel when the panels are joined together. Such field application of a sealant is time-consuming, sloppy and often results in varying degrees of effectiveness based upon the skill and expertise of the installer. Also, frame members are typically made from a wood lumber usually do not provide the desired thermal insulation performance. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a structural insulated panel system having frame members that include an improved joint sealing system, and/or provide improved thermal insulation performance with the benefit of having a reduced weight. - Referring to
FIGS. 2A-2C , a first type of prefabricated structural insulated panels 110 with frame members and sealing system are shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Panels 110 are shown to include aframe 112 having first and secondvertical frame members top frame member 118 and a bottom frame member 120, afirst siding member 122, asecond siding member 124, and an insulation fill material therebetween. According to one embodiment, theframe 112 is formed from structural members, such as “two by four” wood lumber to create a wood perimeter frame, although other size lumber (e.g. 2×2, 2×6, 2×8, etc.) may be used to provide panels having a greater or lesser width (e.g. thickness) to suit a desired thermal, fire and/or environmental boundary performance. Theframe 112 is also shown formed in the shape of a rectangle having two vertical and two horizontal structural members, each located generally along a perimeter of the panel. However, additional (i.e. internal) structural members may be included (e.g. within the perimeter and extending side-to-side and/or top-to-bottom and/or corner-to-corner) to provide additional structural support as desired for a particular application. - First and
second siding members frame 112 to provide a structural panel having acavity 126 defined by thesiding members insulation material 128 to provide the first type of structural insulated panel. According to one embodiment, the insulation fill material is a polyurethane foam that is injected into the cavity(ies) through a suitable small hole (not shown) cut or drilled into one of the siding members at a location corresponding to a generally central location of the cavity. The polyurethane foam is injected into the one or more cavities to provide a desired density corresponding to the desired thermal performance characteristic of the panel. According to one embodiment, the density of the insulation foam material is within a range of approximately 2.0-2.6 pounds per cubic foot. - Referring further to
FIGS. 2A-2C , an improved frame member and sealingsystem 100 for the structural insulted panels are shown according to one embodiment.Vertical frame members structural labyrinth seal 130 formed bymultiple projections 132 and recesses 134 (which may include tapered side walls to facilitate installation). Eachrecess 134 is shown to include acompressible seal 136. According to one embodiment,compressible seal 136 is formed from rubber or similar material and includes one or more (shown for example as two) elongatedhollow core sections 138 separated by a bridge piece (e.g. web, etc.) 140 having a width sufficient to permit compression of thehollow core sections 138 in a manner that thehollow core sections 138 remain independent without touching one another. The “double” hollow core seal in each recess effectively provides four sealing points within the joint seal for the frames. Thehollow core sections 138 are compressed byprojections 132 upon joining of adjacent panels to one another.Sealing system 130 is also shown to include anothercompressible seal 146 along an outer edge of the frame member (shown for example as between the projections and the outer edge). Compressible seals 146 are formed from rubber or other suitable material and include one or more (shown for example as two) elongated, semi-circularsolid core sections 148 that extend along the length of theframe member 116, and are compressed betweenframe members recess 134 is also shown with a depth that is slightly greater than the length of theprojection 132 in order to provide space for properly engineered compression ofcompressible seals frame members frame member 116 betweenprojections 132 to provide an additional sealing surface. The structural labyrinth seal and the compressible sealing members provided in the illustrated embodiment are intended to eliminate the problems associated with field-applied caulk-type sealants that are typically used in conventional panel arrangements and provide improved sealing performance. The recesses, projections and compressible seals are all configured to be factory assembled as pre-fabricated units, so that the structural insulated panels can be readily assembled at a job site. - Referring further to
FIGS. 3A-3C , an improved frame member and sealingsystem 200 for the structural insulted panels are shown according to another embodiment.Vertical frame members Frame members structural labyrinth seal 230 formed by multiple projections 232 and recesses 234.Recesses 234 are shown by way of example to include one or more (shown by way of example as two) substantiallysemi-circular recesses 235, and a substantially rectangular recess 237 (having tapered side walls to facilitate installation) disposed therebetween, however recesses with other shapes may be used according to other embodiments. Projections 232 are shown to include triangular projections 231 (e.g. ridges, etc.) corresponding to thesemi-circular recesses 235 and a substantiallyrectangular projection 233 corresponding torectangular recess 237. Each of thesemi-circular recesses 235 is shown to include a solid corecompressible seal 236 made from rubber or similar material, however hollow core compressible seals may be used according to other embodiments. Each of thecompressible seals 236 in the semi-circular 235 recesses are compressed by the ridge-shapedprojections 231 upon joining of adjacent panels to one another.Sealing system 230 is also shown to include anothercompressible seal 246 along an outer edge of the frame member 216 (shown for example as between the ridge-shapedprojections 231 and the outer edge). Compressible seals 246 are formed from rubber or other suitable material and include one or more (shown for example as two) elongated, semi-circular,solid core sections 248 that extend along the length of theframe member 216, and are compressed betweenframe members compressible seals compressible seal 136 previously described with reference toFIG. 2A-2C ) may be provided inrecess 237 to provide an additional sealing surface. The structural labyrinth seal and the compressible sealing members provided in the illustrated embodiment are intended to represent another exemplary sealing system intended to eliminate the problems associated with field-applied caulk-type sealants that are typically used in conventional panel arrangements and provide improved sealing performance. The recesses, projections and compressible seals are all configured to be factory assembled as pre-fabricated units, so that the structural insulated panels can be readily assembled at a job site. - Referring further to
FIGS. 4A-4D , an improved structuralinsulated panel system 300 having frame members for providing enhanced thermal insulation performance for the structural insulted panels are shown according to one embodiment.Frame members FIGS. 2A-2C and/orFIGS. 3A-3C .Frame members insulation fill material 328 upon injection intocavity 326. The size and location of thevoids 350 are selected in a manner to maximize the volume ofinsulation fill material 328 disposed within the boundaries of the original frame member(s), while still maintaining the structural requirements for the frame. According to one embodiment, afirst void 352 includes a first recess (shown by way of example as a rectangular recess in the form of a slot, but other shapes or numbers of slots may be used in other embodiments) extending along a back (e.g. internal) side offrame members second recesses 354 formed in the back side offrame members Recesses 354 are shown by way of example as substantially cylindrical recesses arranged in a staggered (e.g. alternating, zig-zag, etc.) pattern. According to the illustrated embodiment, the spacing of therecesses 354 is intended to maximize a zone of insulation to act as an improved barrier to heat transfer in a transverse direction through the panel wall (e.g. from a warm outer region to a cool inner region), while maintaining the necessary structural integrity of the panel. According to other embodiments, other recess shapes and patterns may be used to obtain a desired thermal insulation performance profile for the frame members. Additionally, creation ofvoids 350 withinframe members - According to any preferred embodiment, the structural insulated panel system provides panels having frame members with improved joint sealing characteristics that eliminate or minimize the use of field-applied sealants and that provide improved thermal insulation performance with reduced weight. The vertical frame members include a structural labyrinth seal with recesses having compressible seals that are configured for engagement with mating projections from a corresponding vertical frame member on an adjacent panel upon assembly of the panels to one another in the construction of a temperature controlled storage device. The seals may be elongated sections having hollow cores configured for compression by generally planar surfaces on the corresponding projections, or may be solid core and configured for compression by non-planar surfaces (e.g. ridges, protuberances, etc.) on the corresponding projections. The frame members also include a pattern of voids that are filled with the insulation fill material from the main cavity to provide enhanced thermal performance and weight reduction of the overall panel assembly.
- It is also important to note that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the structural insulated panel system as shown schematically in the FIGURES is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in location, orientation and shapes of recesses, projections and insulation fill voids, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited.
- It should also be noted that the system may include any suitable type of recesses, projections, hollow and/or solid core compressible seals to effect a desired sealing performance level. Further, the insulation fill voids in the frame members may include and shape or combination of shapes, in any desirable pattern to provide a desired thermal insulation performance while meeting or maintaining the desired structural performance characteristics for the frame. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, construction, assembly, and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating configuration and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present inventions as expressed in the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/690,683 US8286399B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2010-01-20 | Structural insulated panel system |
US13/652,076 US8522500B1 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2012-10-15 | Structural insulated panel system |
US14/016,570 US8875462B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2013-09-03 | Structural insulated panel system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/690,683 US8286399B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2010-01-20 | Structural insulated panel system |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/652,076 Continuation US8522500B1 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2012-10-15 | Structural insulated panel system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110173925A1 true US20110173925A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
US8286399B2 US8286399B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
Family
ID=44276485
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/690,683 Active - Reinstated 2030-03-28 US8286399B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2010-01-20 | Structural insulated panel system |
US13/652,076 Expired - Fee Related US8522500B1 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2012-10-15 | Structural insulated panel system |
US14/016,570 Active US8875462B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2013-09-03 | Structural insulated panel system |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/652,076 Expired - Fee Related US8522500B1 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2012-10-15 | Structural insulated panel system |
US14/016,570 Active US8875462B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2013-09-03 | Structural insulated panel system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8286399B2 (en) |
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120247042A1 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital Llc | Board with pre-applied sealing material |
US20130305769A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | Whirlpool Corporation | Top cooling module with ice storage and delivery |
US20130305648A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | Douglas B. Spear | Wall panel system |
WO2014134678A1 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-12 | Faigen Philip David | Building component |
US20140345316A1 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for a modular cooler assembly |
ITTO20130918A1 (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-05-14 | Enrico Aime | PREFABRICATED MODULAR PANEL FOR CONSTRUCTION, IN PARTICULAR FOR HOUSES. |
US20150300008A1 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-10-22 | Dirtt Environmental Solutions, Ltd. | Modular building construction systems and methods |
US20150300018A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-10-22 | Popup-House | Method for constructing a building having strong thermal insulation and building constructed by means of said method |
WO2015168745A1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Cameron David Nelson | Panel systems and methods |
US20150368965A1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-12-24 | Guy MEYERE | Transparent roller shutter |
US20160017653A1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Herve Bottin | Interlocking door frame and wall panels for modular building units |
US20160017606A1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Herve Bottin | Interlocking wall panels for modular building units |
US9556615B1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-01-31 | The Dragon Group, LLC | Encapsulated panel systems |
US20170043438A1 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-02-16 | Naver Business Platform Corporation | Method for manufacturing server room cooling apparatus and air conditioning system for data center provided with same |
BE1023472B1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2017-03-30 | Unilin Bvba | Set of construction elements |
US9624666B2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2017-04-18 | Nexgen Framing Solutions LLC | Structural insulated panel framing system |
EP3162975A1 (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2017-05-03 | Hanse Haus GmbH & Co. KG | Wall element of a house |
CN107084588A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-22 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Splice foamed board and refrigerator |
WO2018188126A1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-10-18 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Cabinet assembly of refrigerator and refrigerator having same |
US10287770B2 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2019-05-14 | Omnis Advanced Technologies | Systems, methods, apparatus, and compositions for building materials and construction |
US10309109B2 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-06-04 | Manitowoc Fsg Operations, Llc | Method and apparatus for panels having an embedment bracket |
WO2019113698A1 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-20 | Oïkos Concept Inc. | Exterior wall panel and exterior wall panel assembly |
WO2019137336A1 (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-18 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Spliced plate assembly and refrigeration device having same |
US20190226204A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Wall Technologies Pty Ltd | Composite Building Panel and Shell |
EP3414437A4 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2020-04-29 | Pilaar, James Gray | Enhanced inflatable sound attenuation system |
US10829929B1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-11-10 | Greggory Hansen | System and method for assembling structural insulated panels |
US11035141B1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-06-15 | Flood Risk America, Inc. | Apparatus and system for protecting the interior of a structure from flood water |
WO2021167606A1 (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-26 | General Electric Company | Energy storage systems and methods for energy storage systems |
US20210381228A1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2021-12-09 | Cover Technologies, Inc. | Panelized structural building system |
US20210381237A1 (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-09 | Patricia Mary Livingstone | Structural modular building panel, wall, and building system |
EP3940157A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-19 | Casais - Engenharia E Construção, S.A. | Prefabricated walls for building rooms, wall structures for a room for buildings and associated methods of preparation |
US20220099358A1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-03-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Refrigerator |
US20220178138A1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-09 | STARC Systems, Inc. | Temporary wall system with fire block protection |
CN115993035A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-04-21 | 合肥美的电冰箱有限公司 | Refrigerator box and refrigerator |
US12031320B2 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2024-07-09 | Cover Technologies, Inc. | Panelized structural building system |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8286399B2 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2012-10-16 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | Structural insulated panel system |
US20130180197A1 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-18 | Brion Gompper | Panel Fastener |
CN103912084A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-07-09 | 山东万事达建筑钢品股份有限公司 | Four-side rabbet type box-shaped metal curtain wall plate |
US10113768B2 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2018-10-30 | Mitek Holdings, Inc. | Insulated panel assembly |
US10465375B2 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2019-11-05 | Lada Cube, LLC | Demountable/modular structure system |
CA2913423A1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-05-23 | Les Portes Alain Bourassa Inc. | Highly energy efficient door |
GB201621129D0 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-01-25 | Shapero Robin W | A ground beam for a modular constructed building and a building incorporating same |
CN106500428B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-02-15 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Refrigerator |
US10316516B2 (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-06-11 | Mitek Holdings, Inc. | Insulated panel assembly |
US20190145699A1 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-16 | Kps Global Llc | System and Method for an Adjustable Locking Mechanism for Insulated Panels |
CR20210275A (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2021-07-01 | Kps Global Llc | Method of manufacturing a hybrid insulating frame and panel |
US20220220737A1 (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-07-14 | Build Ip Llc | Sheet/Panel Design for Enclosure Component Manufacture |
US11668491B2 (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2023-06-06 | Daikin Applied Americas Inc. | Thermally broken panel assembly for an air handler cabinet |
Citations (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2647287A (en) * | 1950-07-14 | 1953-08-04 | U S Thermo Control Co | Locking mechanism |
US3280522A (en) * | 1963-09-16 | 1966-10-25 | Dow Chemical Co | Building panels and fastener means therefor |
US3353314A (en) * | 1966-06-24 | 1967-11-21 | Bally Case And Cooler Inc | Insulated panel having joined connectors |
US3363383A (en) * | 1965-03-08 | 1968-01-16 | Aluminum Co Of America | Joint structures |
US3421276A (en) * | 1966-09-01 | 1969-01-14 | Aluminum Co Of America | Transition joint-forming devices and joint structures incorporating the same |
US3587719A (en) * | 1968-12-21 | 1971-06-28 | Mannesmann Ag | Molten metal supply apparatus for preventing oxide contamination in continuously cast steel products |
US3587199A (en) * | 1969-03-27 | 1971-06-28 | Emhart Corp | Locking mechanism for sectional coolers |
US3647287A (en) * | 1969-09-20 | 1972-03-07 | Herbert Schwind | An appliance for diagnosis and therapeutic eye treatment |
US3998024A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-12-21 | H. H. Robertson Company | Double-skin insulated building panel |
US3998023A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-12-21 | H. H. Robertson Company | Double-skin insulated building panel |
US4223500A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1980-09-23 | Clark Howard K | Insulation molded, load bearing, prefabricated panels |
US4523416A (en) * | 1982-05-15 | 1985-06-18 | H. H. Robertson (U.K.) Limited | Flooring system with service trunking provision |
US4774794A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1988-10-04 | Grieb Donald J | Energy efficient building system |
US4844975A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1989-07-04 | Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. | Reinforced composite sandwich panel assembly |
US4975383A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1990-12-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for making an electrically erasable programmable read only memory cell having a three dimensional floating gate |
US4974383A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-12-04 | Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. | Sandwich panel |
US4976081A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-12-11 | Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. | Sandwich panel assembly |
US5343665A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1994-09-06 | Ramp R & D | Cabana panels having adjustable-strength interlocking means |
US5424118A (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-06-13 | Mid-South Industries, Inc. | Interlocking insulative panel construction |
US5448865A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-09-12 | Palmersten; Michael J. | Panel interlocking means with stiffener |
US5483778A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1996-01-16 | Scrivener; Paul | Modular panel system having a releasable tongue member |
US5497589A (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1996-03-12 | Porter; William H. | Structural insulated panels with metal edges |
US5502939A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1996-04-02 | Elite Panel Products | Interlocking panels having flats for increased versatility |
US5519971A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1996-05-28 | Ramirez; Peter B. | Building panel, manufacturing method and panel assembly system |
US5628158A (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1997-05-13 | Porter; William H. | Structural insulated panels joined by insulated metal faced splines |
US6119427A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2000-09-19 | Louisville Cooler Manufacturing Co. | Apparatus and method of modular panel construction |
US20060185306A1 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-24 | Yankee Barn Homes, Inc. | Roofing panel |
US20060260268A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Gordon Ritchie | Fire resistant panel with structural inserts |
US7188456B2 (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2007-03-13 | Kaindl Flooring Gmbh | Cladding panel |
US20080086965A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Metz Timothy W | Composite structural panel |
US20090025334A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Anthony George Aquilina | Sectional doors made from polymer composites and a method for manufacturing same |
US7752822B2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2010-07-13 | Kysor Panel Systems | Composite framing member for use in an insulated panel for walk-in coolers and freezers and non-refrigerated enclosures |
US20110072746A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2011-03-31 | University Of Maine System Board Of Trustees | Interlocking roofing panel system |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US358719A (en) | 1887-03-01 | Hydrant | ||
US20090100780A1 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-23 | Mathis John P | Structural insulated panel system |
US8286399B2 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2012-10-16 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | Structural insulated panel system |
-
2010
- 2010-01-20 US US12/690,683 patent/US8286399B2/en active Active - Reinstated
-
2012
- 2012-10-15 US US13/652,076 patent/US8522500B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-09-03 US US14/016,570 patent/US8875462B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2647287A (en) * | 1950-07-14 | 1953-08-04 | U S Thermo Control Co | Locking mechanism |
US3280522A (en) * | 1963-09-16 | 1966-10-25 | Dow Chemical Co | Building panels and fastener means therefor |
US3363383A (en) * | 1965-03-08 | 1968-01-16 | Aluminum Co Of America | Joint structures |
US3353314A (en) * | 1966-06-24 | 1967-11-21 | Bally Case And Cooler Inc | Insulated panel having joined connectors |
US3421276A (en) * | 1966-09-01 | 1969-01-14 | Aluminum Co Of America | Transition joint-forming devices and joint structures incorporating the same |
US3587719A (en) * | 1968-12-21 | 1971-06-28 | Mannesmann Ag | Molten metal supply apparatus for preventing oxide contamination in continuously cast steel products |
US3587199A (en) * | 1969-03-27 | 1971-06-28 | Emhart Corp | Locking mechanism for sectional coolers |
US3647287A (en) * | 1969-09-20 | 1972-03-07 | Herbert Schwind | An appliance for diagnosis and therapeutic eye treatment |
US3998024A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-12-21 | H. H. Robertson Company | Double-skin insulated building panel |
US3998023A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-12-21 | H. H. Robertson Company | Double-skin insulated building panel |
US4223500A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1980-09-23 | Clark Howard K | Insulation molded, load bearing, prefabricated panels |
US4523416A (en) * | 1982-05-15 | 1985-06-18 | H. H. Robertson (U.K.) Limited | Flooring system with service trunking provision |
US4774794A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1988-10-04 | Grieb Donald J | Energy efficient building system |
US4975383A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1990-12-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for making an electrically erasable programmable read only memory cell having a three dimensional floating gate |
US4976081A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-12-11 | Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. | Sandwich panel assembly |
US4844975A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1989-07-04 | Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. | Reinforced composite sandwich panel assembly |
US4974383A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-12-04 | Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. | Sandwich panel |
US5483778A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1996-01-16 | Scrivener; Paul | Modular panel system having a releasable tongue member |
US5343665A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1994-09-06 | Ramp R & D | Cabana panels having adjustable-strength interlocking means |
US5448865A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-09-12 | Palmersten; Michael J. | Panel interlocking means with stiffener |
US5424118A (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-06-13 | Mid-South Industries, Inc. | Interlocking insulative panel construction |
US5519971A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1996-05-28 | Ramirez; Peter B. | Building panel, manufacturing method and panel assembly system |
US5497589A (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1996-03-12 | Porter; William H. | Structural insulated panels with metal edges |
US5628158A (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1997-05-13 | Porter; William H. | Structural insulated panels joined by insulated metal faced splines |
US5502939A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1996-04-02 | Elite Panel Products | Interlocking panels having flats for increased versatility |
US6119427A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2000-09-19 | Louisville Cooler Manufacturing Co. | Apparatus and method of modular panel construction |
US7188456B2 (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2007-03-13 | Kaindl Flooring Gmbh | Cladding panel |
US7752822B2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2010-07-13 | Kysor Panel Systems | Composite framing member for use in an insulated panel for walk-in coolers and freezers and non-refrigerated enclosures |
US20060185306A1 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-24 | Yankee Barn Homes, Inc. | Roofing panel |
US20060260268A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Gordon Ritchie | Fire resistant panel with structural inserts |
US20080086965A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Metz Timothy W | Composite structural panel |
US20090025334A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Anthony George Aquilina | Sectional doors made from polymer composites and a method for manufacturing same |
US20110072746A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2011-03-31 | University Of Maine System Board Of Trustees | Interlocking roofing panel system |
Cited By (62)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9476202B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2016-10-25 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital Llc | Foam board with pre-applied sealing material |
US10253497B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2019-04-09 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Board with pre-applied sealing material |
US20120247042A1 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital Llc | Board with pre-applied sealing material |
US10017941B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2018-07-10 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Board with pre-applied sealing material |
US10054350B2 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2018-08-21 | Whirlpool Corporation | Top cooling module with ice storage and delivery |
US20130305648A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | Douglas B. Spear | Wall panel system |
US10760270B2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2020-09-01 | Nexgen Framing Solutions LLC | Structural insulated panel framing system |
US9624666B2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2017-04-18 | Nexgen Framing Solutions LLC | Structural insulated panel framing system |
US20130305769A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | Whirlpool Corporation | Top cooling module with ice storage and delivery |
US9366030B2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2016-06-14 | Douglas B. Spear | Wall panel system |
US8997436B2 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-04-07 | Douglas B. Spear | Wall panel system |
US20150300008A1 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-10-22 | Dirtt Environmental Solutions, Ltd. | Modular building construction systems and methods |
US9670669B2 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2017-06-06 | Dirtt Environmental Solutions, Ltd. | Modular building construction system |
US20150368965A1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-12-24 | Guy MEYERE | Transparent roller shutter |
US20150300018A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-10-22 | Popup-House | Method for constructing a building having strong thermal insulation and building constructed by means of said method |
US9574347B2 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2017-02-21 | Popup-House | Method for constructing a building having strong thermal insulation and building constructed by means of said method |
US10513848B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2019-12-24 | Philip David FAIGEN | Building component |
EP3001847A4 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2017-01-04 | Faigen, Philip David | Building component |
WO2014134678A1 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-12 | Faigen Philip David | Building component |
US20140345316A1 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for a modular cooler assembly |
BE1023472B1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2017-03-30 | Unilin Bvba | Set of construction elements |
GB2520421B (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2020-06-17 | Unilin Bvba | Set of building elements and filling material for the joint between building elements |
ITTO20130918A1 (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-05-14 | Enrico Aime | PREFABRICATED MODULAR PANEL FOR CONSTRUCTION, IN PARTICULAR FOR HOUSES. |
WO2015071821A1 (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-05-21 | Aime Enrico | Modular prefabricated panel for buildings, in particular for houses |
US11090773B2 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2021-08-17 | Naver Cloud Corporation | Method for manufacturing server room cooling apparatus and air conditioning system for data center provided with same |
US20170043438A1 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-02-16 | Naver Business Platform Corporation | Method for manufacturing server room cooling apparatus and air conditioning system for data center provided with same |
EP3146124A4 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2018-01-24 | Cameron David Nelson | Panel systems and methods |
US10132087B2 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2018-11-20 | Cameron David Nelson | Panel systems and methods |
JP2017520700A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2017-07-27 | キャメロン デイビッド ネルソン、 | Panel system and method |
WO2015168745A1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Cameron David Nelson | Panel systems and methods |
US9631365B2 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2017-04-25 | Williams Scotsman, Inc. | Interlocking wall panels for modular building units |
US9624712B2 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2017-04-18 | Williams Scotsman, Inc. | Interlocking door frame and wall panels for modular building units |
US20160017606A1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Herve Bottin | Interlocking wall panels for modular building units |
US20160017653A1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Herve Bottin | Interlocking door frame and wall panels for modular building units |
US9556615B1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-01-31 | The Dragon Group, LLC | Encapsulated panel systems |
EP3162975A1 (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2017-05-03 | Hanse Haus GmbH & Co. KG | Wall element of a house |
US20190271148A1 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2019-09-05 | Omnis Advanced Technologies, LLC | Systems, methods, apparatus, and compositions for building materials and construction |
US10287770B2 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2019-05-14 | Omnis Advanced Technologies | Systems, methods, apparatus, and compositions for building materials and construction |
US10745905B2 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2020-08-18 | Omnis Advanced Technologies, LLC | Systems, methods, apparatus, and compositions for building materials and construction |
US20230298554A1 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2023-09-21 | Pilaar James G | Enhanced Inflatable Sound Attenuation System |
EP3414437A4 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2020-04-29 | Pilaar, James Gray | Enhanced inflatable sound attenuation system |
US11610572B2 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2023-03-21 | James G. Pilaar | Enhanced inflatable sound attenuation system |
WO2018188126A1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-10-18 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Cabinet assembly of refrigerator and refrigerator having same |
CN107084588A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-22 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Splice foamed board and refrigerator |
US10309109B2 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-06-04 | Manitowoc Fsg Operations, Llc | Method and apparatus for panels having an embedment bracket |
WO2019113698A1 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-20 | Oïkos Concept Inc. | Exterior wall panel and exterior wall panel assembly |
US11447944B2 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2022-09-20 | Oikos Concept Inc. | Exterior wall panel and exterior wall panel assembly |
WO2019137336A1 (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-18 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Spliced plate assembly and refrigeration device having same |
US10590646B2 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-03-17 | Wall Technologies Pty Ltd. | Composite building panel and shell |
US20190226204A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Wall Technologies Pty Ltd | Composite Building Panel and Shell |
US11035141B1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-06-15 | Flood Risk America, Inc. | Apparatus and system for protecting the interior of a structure from flood water |
US11761699B2 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2023-09-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Refrigerator |
US20220099358A1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-03-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Refrigerator |
US20210381228A1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2021-12-09 | Cover Technologies, Inc. | Panelized structural building system |
US10829929B1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-11-10 | Greggory Hansen | System and method for assembling structural insulated panels |
WO2021167606A1 (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-26 | General Electric Company | Energy storage systems and methods for energy storage systems |
US20210381237A1 (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-09 | Patricia Mary Livingstone | Structural modular building panel, wall, and building system |
US11629493B2 (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2023-04-18 | Patricia Mary Livingstone | Structural modular building panel, wall, and building system |
EP3940157A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-19 | Casais - Engenharia E Construção, S.A. | Prefabricated walls for building rooms, wall structures for a room for buildings and associated methods of preparation |
US20220178138A1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-09 | STARC Systems, Inc. | Temporary wall system with fire block protection |
US12031320B2 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2024-07-09 | Cover Technologies, Inc. | Panelized structural building system |
CN115993035A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-04-21 | 合肥美的电冰箱有限公司 | Refrigerator box and refrigerator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8875462B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
US20140000203A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
US8286399B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
US8522500B1 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8875462B2 (en) | Structural insulated panel system | |
US20090100780A1 (en) | Structural insulated panel system | |
US8327593B2 (en) | Insulated wall | |
US3305986A (en) | Insulated enclosures and panels therefor | |
US10773882B2 (en) | Shipping container insulation panel and installation method | |
US10011989B2 (en) | Composite building panel | |
US20140331586A1 (en) | Wall Insulation Panel Series | |
US3259264A (en) | Self-sustaining structure | |
CN212405593U (en) | Assembled wall with window | |
US2756463A (en) | Insulated roof and floor panel | |
JP4053561B2 (en) | Exterior insulation wall structure of reinforced concrete building | |
KR200449124Y1 (en) | Synthetic Resin Using The Insulating Panel | |
US20150300005A1 (en) | Insulated battens for installation of exterior wall insulation at corners and architectural trim | |
CN111636592A (en) | Assembled wall with window and installation method thereof | |
JP6422687B2 (en) | Insulated airtight outer wall structure | |
JP7348050B2 (en) | building material panels | |
KR20160075478A (en) | Panel for prefabricated building | |
CN112020589B (en) | Heat insulation wall panel and combined house with same | |
JP3598949B2 (en) | Ceiling support structure | |
CA2878593A1 (en) | Improved insulated framing member | |
JP3013350U (en) | Insulation panel | |
KR20220002195U (en) | Prefabricated Insulation Panel | |
JP2024068474A (en) | Corner members and corner structures | |
JP4190443B2 (en) | Outside insulation method and insulation wall structure | |
CN111636591A (en) | Assembled wall with door frame and mounting method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HILL PHOENIX, INC., GEORGIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BROWN, MARION L.;REEL/FRAME:023825/0888 Effective date: 20100120 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PETITION RELATED TO MAINTENANCE FEES GRANTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: PMFG); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PETITION RELATED TO MAINTENANCE FEES FILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: PMFP); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:KPS GLOBAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:037445/0050 Effective date: 20151204 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
REIN | Reinstatement after maintenance fee payment confirmed | ||
PRDP | Patent reinstated due to the acceptance of a late maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20161118 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
SULP | Surcharge for late payment | ||
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20161016 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KPS GLOBAL LLC;KPS GLOBAL WALK-INS, LP;REEL/FRAME:041858/0231 Effective date: 20170405 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KPS GLOBAL LLC, TEXAS Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:042191/0943 Effective date: 20170405 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KPS GLOBAL LLC, TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KPS SOLUTIONS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:042039/0541 Effective date: 20161214 Owner name: KPS GLOBAL LLC F/K/A KPS SOLUTIONS, LLC, TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HILL PHOENIX, INC.;REEL/FRAME:042039/0424 Effective date: 20170331 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 12TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1553); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 12 |