US20110129299A1 - Concrete repair of tubbings - Google Patents
Concrete repair of tubbings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110129299A1 US20110129299A1 US12/927,599 US92759910A US2011129299A1 US 20110129299 A1 US20110129299 A1 US 20110129299A1 US 92759910 A US92759910 A US 92759910A US 2011129299 A1 US2011129299 A1 US 2011129299A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- lining
- tubbings
- tunnel
- extensibility
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Images
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a lining for an inside surface of tunnels, especially the inside surface of tubbings, according to the preamble of claim 1 .
- tubbings are frequently used in mechanical tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines. These concerns prefabricated concrete parts which are used as lining elements for the inside shell of a tunnel. As a result of the different loads that act upon the inside shell of a tunnel such as the loads from rock pressure, water pressure, filling pressures, or the dead weight, tubbings with a thickness of 20 to 40 cm are required. These tubbings are compiled in the course of tunnel advance by means of suitable machines into a first outside inner shell of the tunnel.
- the handling of the heavy tubbings occurs with the help of recesses in the tubbings, the so-called erector cones, in which the respective mandrels of special working machines engage.
- the tubbings are screwed together, which occurs with the help of further recesses in the tubbings, the so-called screw pockets, in which the screws are accommodated in an obliquely lying fashion.
- These recesses can have diameters of up to 20 cm. Butt joints are further obtained between the respective adjacently disposed tubbings which also represent irregularities in the surface.
- a lining is then fastened to the inside surface of the tubbings such as plastic seal sheeting (KDB) made of a flexible plastic material in order to form a water-impermeable layer.
- KDB plastic seal sheeting
- the extensibility of the lining is especially important for the reason that future movements and deformations of the inside shell of the tunnel will not lead to any tearing of the lining and for the compensation of irregular surface profiles such as those caused by elevations or depressions in the surface of the tubbings.
- the fastening of this water-impermeable layer to the tubbings occurs increasingly by gluing. Although mechanical fixing would be possible, it is rarely used in practice due to high costs.
- a concrete shell is provided for reasons of fire protection which seals the inside shell of the tunnel towards the interior of the tunnel.
- This fire-protection shell made of concrete is usually arranged with light reinforcement. This leads to the problem in practice that as a result of the pressure exerted on the lining the lining is pressed into the recesses of the surface of the tubbings such as the erector cones and the screw pockets, which might lead to damage to the lining and thus to an impairment in the impermeability of the same.
- the recesses can be filled, mortared or plugged, such a measure is very work-intensive because an inside surface of a tunnel made of tubbings usually comprises several thousand such recesses.
- Claim 1 relates to an inside shell of a tunnel comprising a lining for an inside surface of the tunnel, preferably the inside surface of tubbings, with the lining comprising at least two layers of different tensile strength and extensibility, wherein it is provided in accordance with the invention that the lining comprises two layers with a first layer consisting of an elastic plastic material with higher extensibility than the second layer, and the second layer consists of a tear-proof fabric, and the first layer is connected to the second layer at least in sections.
- the lining can thus be optimized to meet two different requirements.
- the previously desired properties are given by the layer with higher extensibility but lower tensile strength, and on the other hand the second layer with lower extensibility but higher tensile strength prevents bulging of the lining into the recesses of the inside surface of the tunnel such as the erector cones and the screw pockets of the tubbings.
- the choice of tensile strength and extensibility of the layer with lower extensibility will be adjusted to the respective requirement. If it is necessary to cover comparatively large recesses and prevent any considerable bulging of the lining, higher tensile strengths or very low extensibilities are necessary. If it is only necessary to cover the butt joints between adjacent tubbings, a comparatively low tensile strength and a higher extensibility can be chosen.
- the respective choice of tensile strength and extensibility will easily be made by the person skilled in the art with the knowledge of the surface to be coated, especially the occurring irregularities of the surface.
- the second layer can especially concern a polyester, polyethylene, carbon or glass-fiber grid fabric.
- the first layer can be laminated or glued onto the second layer.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a tunnel profile with a multi-layer inside shell of a tunnel, comprising a first shell made of tubbings, a water-impermeable lining, and a reinforced or non-reinforced concrete shell;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the lining in accordance with the invention with a tubbing
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a tubbing.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a tunnel profile, as was obtained by excavation by blasting or by special boring machines which drill a tunnel tube through the rock.
- the tunnel tube is then either provided with a layer of spray concrete or lined with tubbings 4 .
- Erector cones 6 are provided for this purpose on the one hand, in which the mandrels of the working machines engage in order to enable handling with the heavy tubbings 4 , and on the other hand trapezoid screw pockets 5 which are used for accommodating the connecting screws (also see FIG. 3 ).
- the tubbings 4 which are screwed together form a first shell 1 , on which a water-impermeable lining 2 is subsequently fastened, mostly by means of gluing.
- the lining 2 concerns a flexible plastic material such as PVC, a flexible polyolefin, a softly set polyethylene such as VLDPE (Very Low Density Propylene), or polypropylene.
- a concrete shell 3 is provided next to the lining 2 , which concrete shell is usually provided for reasons of fire protection.
- the fire-protection concrete shell is usually provided with a light reinforcement with a weight of approx. 1.0-2.0 kg/m 2 . It is also possible to provide reinforced or non-reinforced concrete shells.
- the lining 2 will be pressed into the recesses of the tubbing surface without the measures in accordance with the invention, e.g. into the erector cones 6 and the screw pockets 5 , which might lead to damage to the lining 2 and thus an impairment in the impermeability of the lining. That is why it is provided in accordance with the invention that the lining 2 comprises at least two layers 2 a, 2 b with different tensile strength and extensibility.
- the first layer 2 a with higher extensibility provides the previously desired properties
- the second layer 2 b with the higher tensile strength and lower extensibility prevents the bulging of the lining 2 into the recesses on the inside surface of the tunnel, e.g. the erector cones 6 and the screw pockets 5 of the tubbings 4 .
- the choice of tensile strength and extensibility of the second layer 2 b with lower extensibility will be adjusted to the respective requirements. If comparatively large recesses need to be covered without providing any considerable bulging of the lining 2 , very low extensibility in combination with high tensile strength is required for the second layer 2 b. If it is only necessary to cover butt joints between adjacent tubbings 4 , a comparatively higher extensibility with lower tensile strength can be chosen, which can be compared with differently thick steel cables for taking up different loads.
- the first layer 2 a can consist of an elastic plastic for example and the second layer 2 b of a tear-proof fabric.
- the second layer 2 b can concern a polyester, polyethylene, carbon or glass-fiber grid fabric.
- the first layer 2 a can be connected at least in sections with the second layer 2 b , preferably laminated or glued onto the same.
- the fastening of the second layer 2 b with higher tensile strength can be made to the tubbings 4 of the first shell 1 in a first method step, and the fastening of the first layer 2 a with the higher extensibility to the second layer 2 b in a second method step.
- the fastening of the lining 2 with the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b which were connected with each other at least in sections in a preceding method step to the tubbings 4 can also be made in a method step. This procedure is recommended when a prefabricated lining 2 with the two layers 2 a, 2 b for the lining of the inside walls of tunnels is already available.
- the coating 2 in accordance with the invention can thus be used to prevent damage to the coating 2 and impairments in the watertightness by irregularities in the inside surface of the tunnel, preferably the inside surface of tubbings 4 .
- the measures in accordance with the invention represent a comparatively inexpensive solution and ensure in particular that the time-consuming and expensive repair of concrete and plugging of the various depressions and openings such as joints, cones, pockets, flaked parts, holes of suspensions, tubings, etc. can be avoided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A lining (2) for an inside surface of a tunnel, preferably the inside surface of tubbings, wherein it is provided in accordance with the invention that it comprises at least two layers of different tensile strength and extensibility.
Description
- Applicant claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Austrian Application No. GM 285/2008 filed May 19, 2008. Applicant also claims priority and this application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of International Application No. PCT/EP2009/056000 filed May 18, 2009, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Austrian Application No. GM 285/2008 filed May 19, 2008. The international application under PCT article 21(2) was not published in English.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention relates to a lining for an inside surface of tunnels, especially the inside surface of tubbings, according to the preamble of
claim 1. - 2. Description of the Related Art
- In tunneling, excavation is performed either by blasting or with special tunnel boring machines. So-called tubbings are frequently used in mechanical tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines. These concerns prefabricated concrete parts which are used as lining elements for the inside shell of a tunnel. As a result of the different loads that act upon the inside shell of a tunnel such as the loads from rock pressure, water pressure, filling pressures, or the dead weight, tubbings with a thickness of 20 to 40 cm are required. These tubbings are compiled in the course of tunnel advance by means of suitable machines into a first outside inner shell of the tunnel. The handling of the heavy tubbings occurs with the help of recesses in the tubbings, the so-called erector cones, in which the respective mandrels of special working machines engage. The tubbings are screwed together, which occurs with the help of further recesses in the tubbings, the so-called screw pockets, in which the screws are accommodated in an obliquely lying fashion. These recesses can have diameters of up to 20 cm. Butt joints are further obtained between the respective adjacently disposed tubbings which also represent irregularities in the surface.
- A lining is then fastened to the inside surface of the tubbings such as plastic seal sheeting (KDB) made of a flexible plastic material in order to form a water-impermeable layer. The extensibility of the lining is especially important for the reason that future movements and deformations of the inside shell of the tunnel will not lead to any tearing of the lining and for the compensation of irregular surface profiles such as those caused by elevations or depressions in the surface of the tubbings. The fastening of this water-impermeable layer to the tubbings occurs increasingly by gluing. Although mechanical fixing would be possible, it is rarely used in practice due to high costs.
- Finally, a concrete shell is provided for reasons of fire protection which seals the inside shell of the tunnel towards the interior of the tunnel. This fire-protection shell made of concrete is usually arranged with light reinforcement. This leads to the problem in practice that as a result of the pressure exerted on the lining the lining is pressed into the recesses of the surface of the tubbings such as the erector cones and the screw pockets, which might lead to damage to the lining and thus to an impairment in the impermeability of the same. Although the recesses can be filled, mortared or plugged, such a measure is very work-intensive because an inside surface of a tunnel made of tubbings usually comprises several thousand such recesses.
- It is therefore the goal of the invention to avoid this problem by suitable measures, especially damage to the lining and impairment of the watertightness by the surface irregularities in the inside surface of the tunnel, preferably the inside surface of tubbings.
- This goal is achieved by the features of
claim 1.Claim 1 relates to an inside shell of a tunnel comprising a lining for an inside surface of the tunnel, preferably the inside surface of tubbings, with the lining comprising at least two layers of different tensile strength and extensibility, wherein it is provided in accordance with the invention that the lining comprises two layers with a first layer consisting of an elastic plastic material with higher extensibility than the second layer, and the second layer consists of a tear-proof fabric, and the first layer is connected to the second layer at least in sections. The lining can thus be optimized to meet two different requirements. On the one hand, the previously desired properties are given by the layer with higher extensibility but lower tensile strength, and on the other hand the second layer with lower extensibility but higher tensile strength prevents bulging of the lining into the recesses of the inside surface of the tunnel such as the erector cones and the screw pockets of the tubbings. The choice of tensile strength and extensibility of the layer with lower extensibility will be adjusted to the respective requirement. If it is necessary to cover comparatively large recesses and prevent any considerable bulging of the lining, higher tensile strengths or very low extensibilities are necessary. If it is only necessary to cover the butt joints between adjacent tubbings, a comparatively low tensile strength and a higher extensibility can be chosen. The respective choice of tensile strength and extensibility will easily be made by the person skilled in the art with the knowledge of the surface to be coated, especially the occurring irregularities of the surface. - In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the second layer can especially concern a polyester, polyethylene, carbon or glass-fiber grid fabric.
- In accordance with a further preferred embodiment, the first layer can be laminated or glued onto the second layer.
- The invention will be explained below by reference to an embodiment shown in the enclosed drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a tunnel profile with a multi-layer inside shell of a tunnel, comprising a first shell made of tubbings, a water-impermeable lining, and a reinforced or non-reinforced concrete shell; -
FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the lining in accordance with the invention with a tubbing, and -
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a tubbing. - Reference is made at first to
FIG. 1 , which shows a schematic view of a tunnel profile, as was obtained by excavation by blasting or by special boring machines which drill a tunnel tube through the rock. The tunnel tube is then either provided with a layer of spray concrete or lined withtubbings 4. These concern prefabricated concrete parts which are lifted by special working machines to the tunnel tube and are screwed together.Erector cones 6 are provided for this purpose on the one hand, in which the mandrels of the working machines engage in order to enable handling with theheavy tubbings 4, and on the other handtrapezoid screw pockets 5 which are used for accommodating the connecting screws (also seeFIG. 3 ). Thetubbings 4 which are screwed together form afirst shell 1, on which a water-impermeable lining 2 is subsequently fastened, mostly by means of gluing. Thelining 2 concerns a flexible plastic material such as PVC, a flexible polyolefin, a softly set polyethylene such as VLDPE (Very Low Density Propylene), or polypropylene. Aconcrete shell 3 is provided next to thelining 2, which concrete shell is usually provided for reasons of fire protection. The fire-protection concrete shell is usually provided with a light reinforcement with a weight of approx. 1.0-2.0 kg/m2. It is also possible to provide reinforced or non-reinforced concrete shells. - As a result of the pressure exerted on the
lining 2, thelining 2 will be pressed into the recesses of the tubbing surface without the measures in accordance with the invention, e.g. into theerector cones 6 and thescrew pockets 5, which might lead to damage to thelining 2 and thus an impairment in the impermeability of the lining. That is why it is provided in accordance with the invention that thelining 2 comprises at least twolayers first layer 2 a with higher extensibility provides the previously desired properties, and thesecond layer 2 b with the higher tensile strength and lower extensibility prevents the bulging of thelining 2 into the recesses on the inside surface of the tunnel, e.g. theerector cones 6 and thescrew pockets 5 of thetubbings 4. The choice of tensile strength and extensibility of thesecond layer 2 b with lower extensibility will be adjusted to the respective requirements. If comparatively large recesses need to be covered without providing any considerable bulging of thelining 2, very low extensibility in combination with high tensile strength is required for thesecond layer 2 b. If it is only necessary to cover butt joints betweenadjacent tubbings 4, a comparatively higher extensibility with lower tensile strength can be chosen, which can be compared with differently thick steel cables for taking up different loads. - The
first layer 2 a can consist of an elastic plastic for example and thesecond layer 2 b of a tear-proof fabric. In particular, thesecond layer 2 b can concern a polyester, polyethylene, carbon or glass-fiber grid fabric. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, thefirst layer 2 a can be connected at least in sections with thesecond layer 2 b, preferably laminated or glued onto the same. - On the one hand, in the course of mounting the
lining 2 in accordance with the invention, the fastening of thesecond layer 2 b with higher tensile strength can be made to thetubbings 4 of thefirst shell 1 in a first method step, and the fastening of thefirst layer 2 a with the higher extensibility to thesecond layer 2 b in a second method step. On the other hand, the fastening of thelining 2 with thefirst layer 2 a and thesecond layer 2 b which were connected with each other at least in sections in a preceding method step to thetubbings 4 can also be made in a method step. This procedure is recommended when aprefabricated lining 2 with the twolayers - The
coating 2 in accordance with the invention can thus be used to prevent damage to thecoating 2 and impairments in the watertightness by irregularities in the inside surface of the tunnel, preferably the inside surface oftubbings 4. The measures in accordance with the invention represent a comparatively inexpensive solution and ensure in particular that the time-consuming and expensive repair of concrete and plugging of the various depressions and openings such as joints, cones, pockets, flaked parts, holes of suspensions, tubings, etc. can be avoided.
Claims (3)
1. An inside shell of a tunnel, comprising a lining (2) for an inside surface of a tunnel, preferably the inside surface of tubbings, with the lining (2) comprising at least two layers of different tensile strength and extensibility, wherein the lining (2) comprises two layers with a first layer (2 a) consisting of an elastic plastic material with higher extensibility than the second layer (2 b), and the second layer (2 b) consists of a tear-proof fabric, and the first layer (2 a) is connected to the second layer (2 b) at least in sections.
2. An inside shell of a tunnel comprising a lining (2) according to claim 1 , wherein the second layer concerns a polyester, polyethylene, carbon or glass-fiber grid fabric.
3. An inside shell of a tunnel comprising a lining (2) according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer (2 a) is laminated or glued onto the second layer (2 b).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATGM285/2008 | 2008-05-19 | ||
AT2852008 | 2008-05-19 | ||
PCT/EP2009/056000 WO2009141306A1 (en) | 2008-05-19 | 2009-05-18 | Concrete restoration of tubbings |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/005600 Continuation WO2010015368A1 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2009-08-03 | Highly crystalline lithium transition metal oxides |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110129299A1 true US20110129299A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
Family
ID=41339798
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/927,599 Abandoned US20110129299A1 (en) | 2008-05-19 | 2010-11-18 | Concrete repair of tubbings |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110129299A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2279331A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2011521131A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2725159A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009141306A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160053614A1 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-02-25 | Herrenknecht Ag | Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITUB20150718A1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-22 | Carlo Campinoti | Covering for piers of road tunnels and related construction method |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4009063A (en) * | 1970-09-22 | 1977-02-22 | Insituform (Pipes And Structures) Limited | Method of lining a pipe |
US4836715A (en) * | 1987-02-11 | 1989-06-06 | Insituform International N.V. | Passageway lining material |
US20040053036A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2004-03-18 | Fernando Gordun Burillo | Waterproofing sheet |
JP2005180044A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Waterproof sheet with monitoring function, and tunnel having the same |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1508040A (en) * | 1976-12-08 | 1978-04-19 | Goldsby E | Lining for tunnels |
US20100167047A1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2010-07-01 | Kuraray Co., Ltd | Waterproof sheet for tunnel |
-
2009
- 2009-05-18 EP EP09749796A patent/EP2279331A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-05-18 WO PCT/EP2009/056000 patent/WO2009141306A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-05-18 CA CA2725159A patent/CA2725159A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-18 JP JP2011509945A patent/JP2011521131A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-11-18 US US12/927,599 patent/US20110129299A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4009063A (en) * | 1970-09-22 | 1977-02-22 | Insituform (Pipes And Structures) Limited | Method of lining a pipe |
US4836715A (en) * | 1987-02-11 | 1989-06-06 | Insituform International N.V. | Passageway lining material |
US20040053036A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2004-03-18 | Fernando Gordun Burillo | Waterproofing sheet |
JP2005180044A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Waterproof sheet with monitoring function, and tunnel having the same |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160053614A1 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-02-25 | Herrenknecht Ag | Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2725159A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
JP2011521131A (en) | 2011-07-21 |
WO2009141306A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
EP2279331A1 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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