US20110061642A1 - Low-nox gas injector - Google Patents

Low-nox gas injector Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20110061642A1
US20110061642A1 US12/866,393 US86639309A US2011061642A1 US 20110061642 A1 US20110061642 A1 US 20110061642A1 US 86639309 A US86639309 A US 86639309A US 2011061642 A1 US2011061642 A1 US 2011061642A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pressure gas
low
fuel
central high
gas jets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/866,393
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English (en)
Inventor
Patrice Rouchy
Laurent GARNIER
Carlos Mazzotti De Oliveira
Joseph Vernaz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Verallia France SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Saint Gobain Emballage SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Saint Gobain Emballage SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Assigned to SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE, SAINT-GOBAIN EMBALLAGE reassignment SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VERNAZ, JOSEPH, MAZZOTTI DE OLIVEIRA, CARLOS, ROUCHY, PATRICE, GARNIER, LAURENT
Publication of US20110061642A1 publication Critical patent/US20110061642A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/84—Flame spreading or otherwise shaping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion process and a combustion device in which fuel is fed by at least one injector.
  • the invention will be more particularly described for a use in melting glass in glass furnaces, especially furnaces for manufacturing flat glass of the float type or furnaces for the manufacture of hollow packaging glass, for example furnaces operating in inversion mode, of the type using regenerators, although it is not in any way limited to such applications.
  • NO x has a deleterious effect both on human beings and on the environment. Firstly, NO 2 is an irritant gas causing respiratory disorders. Secondly, in contact with the atmosphere, NO x can progressively form acid rain. Finally, it causes photochemical pollution since, in combination with volatile organic compounds and solar radiation, NO x causes the formation of what is called tropospheric ozone, the increase in concentration of which at low altitude becomes harmful to human beings, especially during hot periods.
  • NO x emissions standards in force are becoming increasingly stringent. Because of the very existence of these standards, manufacturers and operators of furnaces, such as glass furnaces, are constantly preoccupied with minimizing NO x emissions, preferably down to a level of 800 mg per Nm 3 of flue gas for a side-fired furnace or 600 mg per Nm 3 of flue gas for an end-fired or horseshoe-flame furnace.
  • the parameters that influence NO x formation have already been analyzed. These are essentially temperature, since above 1300° C. NO x emission increases exponentially, and excess air, since the NO x concentration depends on the square root of the oxygen concentration or the N 2 concentration.
  • a first technique consists in making a reducing agent act on the emitted gas so that the NO x is converted to nitrogen.
  • This reducing agent may be ammonia, but this results in drawbacks such as the difficulty of storing and handling such a product.
  • a natural gas as reducing agent, but this is to the detriment of the consumption by the furnace and it increases CO 2 emissions.
  • the presence of reducing gases, such as carbon monoxide, in certain parts of the furnace, such as regenerators, may also cause accelerated corrosion of the refractories in these zones.
  • an injector is dedicated to propelling fuel, which is to be burnt with an oxidizer.
  • the injector may form part of a burner, the term “burner” generally denoting the device comprising both the fuel supply and the oxidizer supply.
  • the fuel is a liquid of the fuel oil type or is a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas.
  • gaseous fuels produce more NO x than fuel oil.
  • the object of the invention is to devise a combustion process employing only gaseous fuel but producing only relatively small amounts of NO x .
  • the invention one subject of which is a combustion process, especially for melting glass, in which a flame is created by gaseous fuel, characterized in that several regularly spaced peripheral low-pressure gas jets converge on a central high-pressure gas jet.
  • the central high-pressure gas jet determines the flame length, whereas the overall (low-pressure and high-pressure) gas flow rate determines the power of the flame.
  • the process of the invention makes it possible to maintain a constant flame length, while modifying the power, and vice versa.
  • the peripheral converging low-pressure gas jets delay flame spread.
  • Another subject of the invention is an injector for implementing a process according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises a high-pressure gas feed duct circumscribed in a coaxial low-pressure gas feed duct, the outlet of which is completely obstructed by a flat ring provided with holes of identical cross section, these being regularly spaced around the axis of said feed ducts and all converging at the same angle on said axis.
  • the cross sections of the holes i.e. in planes perpendicular to the axis of the holes—have circular perimeters.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a flat ring forming part of an injector of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of this flat ring.
  • the flat ring 1 has ten holes 2 regularly spaced around the axis 3 .
  • the circular holes 2 converge at an angle of 6° toward the axis 3 .
  • the flat ring 1 has a central hole intended to receive the central high-pressure gas jet, whereas the peripheral low-pressure gas jets pass through the converging holes 2 .
  • the furnace was worked in a first phase with an injector alternately in the right part and left part of the furnace.
  • the injector was in a central position beneath a stream of air and directed upwardly at an angle of 5°, the stream of air being directed downwardly at an angle of 22°.
  • the injector was inclined at 3° of azimuth toward the internal central axis of the furnace.
  • the power of the injector was kept constant at 8000 kW.
  • the NO x emission was 687 mg/Nm 3 for a specific momentum I sp (defined as the ratio of the total momentum of the fuel jet to the calorific power) of 4 N/MW.
  • the injector was then modified in accordance with the invention, by the use of the flat ring of FIGS. 1 and 2 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
US12/866,393 2008-02-05 2009-02-04 Low-nox gas injector Abandoned US20110061642A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0850701A FR2927148B1 (fr) 2008-02-05 2008-02-05 Procede de combustion et injecteur de combustible gazeux a jets peripheriques basse pression convergeant vers un jet central haute pression, a faible emission de nox.
FR0850701 2008-02-05
PCT/FR2009/050169 WO2009101326A2 (fr) 2008-02-05 2009-02-04 Injecteur gaz a bas nox

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110061642A1 true US20110061642A1 (en) 2011-03-17

Family

ID=40001385

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/866,393 Abandoned US20110061642A1 (en) 2008-02-05 2009-02-04 Low-nox gas injector

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US20110061642A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2288851B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5453318B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20100112600A (de)
CN (1) CN101939590B (de)
BR (1) BRPI0906983B1 (de)
EA (1) EA017499B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2606487T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2927148B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2010008624A (de)
PT (1) PT2288851T (de)
UA (1) UA105358C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2009101326A2 (de)
ZA (1) ZA201005374B (de)

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130236846A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2013-09-12 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Combustion Device for Melting Furnace, and Melting Furnace
US8875544B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2014-11-04 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use
US8973400B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US8973405B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for reducing foaming downstream of a submerged combustion melter producing molten glass
US8991215B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-31 Johns Manville Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
US8997525B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-04-07 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
US9021838B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-05-05 Johns Manville Systems and methods for glass manufacturing
US9096452B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-08-04 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US9481592B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2016-11-01 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing system and method
US9492831B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2016-11-15 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US9533905B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2017-01-03 Johns Manville Submerged combustion melters having an extended treatment zone and methods of producing molten glass
US20170107139A1 (en) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-20 Johns Manville Processing organics and inorganics in a submerged combustion melter
US9676644B2 (en) 2012-11-29 2017-06-13 Johns Manville Methods and systems for making well-fined glass using submerged combustion
USRE46462E1 (en) 2011-10-07 2017-07-04 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for conditioning molten glass
US9731990B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2017-08-15 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass melting systems and methods of use
US9751792B2 (en) 2015-08-12 2017-09-05 Johns Manville Post-manufacturing processes for submerged combustion burner
US9777922B2 (en) 2013-05-22 2017-10-03 Johns Mansville Submerged combustion burners and melters, and methods of use
US9776903B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-10-03 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for processing molten glass
US9815726B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-11-14 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems, and methods for pre-heating feedstock to a melter using melter exhaust
US9926219B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2018-03-27 Johns Manville Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers
US9982884B2 (en) 2015-09-15 2018-05-29 Johns Manville Methods of melting feedstock using a submerged combustion melter
USRE46896E1 (en) 2010-09-23 2018-06-19 Johns Manville Methods and apparatus for recycling glass products using submerged combustion
US10041666B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2018-08-07 Johns Manville Burner panels including dry-tip burners, submerged combustion melters, and methods
US10081563B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2018-09-25 Johns Manville Systems and methods for mechanically binding loose scrap
US10131563B2 (en) 2013-05-22 2018-11-20 Johns Manville Submerged combustion burners
US10138151B2 (en) 2013-05-22 2018-11-27 Johns Manville Submerged combustion burners and melters, and methods of use
US10183884B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2019-01-22 Johns Manville Submerged combustion burners, submerged combustion glass melters including the burners, and methods of use
US10196294B2 (en) 2016-09-07 2019-02-05 Johns Manville Submerged combustion melters, wall structures or panels of same, and methods of using same
US10233105B2 (en) 2016-10-14 2019-03-19 Johns Manville Submerged combustion melters and methods of feeding particulate material into such melters
US10246362B2 (en) 2016-06-22 2019-04-02 Johns Manville Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods
US10301208B2 (en) 2016-08-25 2019-05-28 Johns Manville Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same
US10322960B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2019-06-18 Johns Manville Controlling foam in apparatus downstream of a melter by adjustment of alkali oxide content in the melter
US10337732B2 (en) 2016-08-25 2019-07-02 Johns Manville Consumable tip burners, submerged combustion melters including same, and methods
US10654740B2 (en) 2013-05-22 2020-05-19 Johns Manville Submerged combustion burners, melters, and methods of use
US10670261B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-06-02 Johns Manville Burner panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods
US10837705B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2020-11-17 Johns Manville Change-out system for submerged combustion melting burner
US10858278B2 (en) 2013-07-18 2020-12-08 Johns Manville Combustion burner
US11142476B2 (en) 2013-05-22 2021-10-12 Johns Manville Burner for submerged combustion melting
US11613488B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2023-03-28 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US11912608B2 (en) 2019-10-01 2024-02-27 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Glass manufacturing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2968746B1 (fr) * 2010-12-08 2014-11-21 Saint Gobain Combustion a jets divergents de combustible

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US3285240A (en) * 1963-07-10 1966-11-15 Indugas Ges Fur Ind Gasverwend Industrial gas burner
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US3285240A (en) * 1963-07-10 1966-11-15 Indugas Ges Fur Ind Gasverwend Industrial gas burner
US3524590A (en) * 1968-04-01 1970-08-18 Gen Electric Nozzle for a pyrolytic coating and deposition process
US3565345A (en) * 1968-07-11 1971-02-23 Texas Instruments Inc Production of an article of high purity metal oxide
US3685740A (en) * 1969-10-29 1972-08-22 Air Reduction Rocket burner with flame pattern control
US4453913A (en) * 1982-05-21 1984-06-12 The Cadre Corporation Recuperative burner
US4622007A (en) * 1984-08-17 1986-11-11 American Combustion, Inc. Variable heat generating method and apparatus
US5062789A (en) * 1988-06-08 1991-11-05 Gitman Gregory M Aspirating combustion system
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US9840430B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-12-12 Johns Manville Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
US9573831B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-02-21 Johns Manville Systems and methods for glass manufacturing
US8973400B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US8973405B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for reducing foaming downstream of a submerged combustion melter producing molten glass
US8991215B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-31 Johns Manville Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
US8997525B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-04-07 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
US9021838B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-05-05 Johns Manville Systems and methods for glass manufacturing
US9096452B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-08-04 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US10322960B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2019-06-18 Johns Manville Controlling foam in apparatus downstream of a melter by adjustment of alkali oxide content in the melter
US9481593B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2016-11-01 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US9492831B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2016-11-15 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US9533906B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-01-03 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use
US10081565B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2018-09-25 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
US9776903B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-10-03 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for processing molten glass
US9481592B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2016-11-01 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing system and method
US10472268B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2019-11-12 Johns Manville Systems and methods for glass manufacturing
US9676652B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-06-13 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
US20130236846A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2013-09-12 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Combustion Device for Melting Furnace, and Melting Furnace
US9822970B2 (en) * 2010-09-14 2017-11-21 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Combustion device for melting furnace, and melting furnace
USRE46896E1 (en) 2010-09-23 2018-06-19 Johns Manville Methods and apparatus for recycling glass products using submerged combustion
US9580344B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2017-02-28 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use
US9957184B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2018-05-01 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing system and method
US8875544B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2014-11-04 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use
US9776901B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2017-10-03 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing system and method
USRE46462E1 (en) 2011-10-07 2017-07-04 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for conditioning molten glass
US9650277B2 (en) 2012-04-27 2017-05-16 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US9926219B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2018-03-27 Johns Manville Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers
US11233484B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2022-01-25 Johns Manville Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers
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US9982884B2 (en) 2015-09-15 2018-05-29 Johns Manville Methods of melting feedstock using a submerged combustion melter
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BRPI0906983A8 (pt) 2019-01-29
EA201070925A1 (ru) 2010-12-30
EP2288851A2 (de) 2011-03-02
BRPI0906983A2 (pt) 2015-07-14
BRPI0906983B1 (pt) 2020-02-18
MX2010008624A (es) 2010-08-31
UA105358C2 (uk) 2014-05-12
WO2009101326A2 (fr) 2009-08-20
PT2288851T (pt) 2017-02-13
FR2927148B1 (fr) 2010-02-19
CN101939590A (zh) 2011-01-05
JP2011510902A (ja) 2011-04-07
CN101939590B (zh) 2012-10-10
ES2606487T3 (es) 2017-03-24
EA017499B1 (ru) 2012-12-28
WO2009101326A3 (fr) 2010-07-01
ZA201005374B (en) 2011-04-28
KR20100112600A (ko) 2010-10-19
JP5453318B2 (ja) 2014-03-26
EP2288851B1 (de) 2016-11-23
FR2927148A1 (fr) 2009-08-07

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