US20110056589A1 - Iron-nickle alloy - Google Patents

Iron-nickle alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110056589A1
US20110056589A1 US12/991,558 US99155809A US2011056589A1 US 20110056589 A1 US20110056589 A1 US 20110056589A1 US 99155809 A US99155809 A US 99155809A US 2011056589 A1 US2011056589 A1 US 2011056589A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
iron
nickel alloy
accordance
mass
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/991,558
Inventor
Bernd De Boer
Bodo Gehrmann
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VDM Metals GmbH
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ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
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Filing date
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Priority claimed from DE200810022855 external-priority patent/DE102008022855A1/en
Priority claimed from DE200810022854 external-priority patent/DE102008022854A1/en
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Assigned to THYSSENKRUPP VDM GMBH reassignment THYSSENKRUPP VDM GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GEHRMANN, BODO, DE BOER, BERND
Publication of US20110056589A1 publication Critical patent/US20110056589A1/en
Assigned to OUTOKUMPU VDM GMBH reassignment OUTOKUMPU VDM GMBH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: THYSSENKRUPP VDM GMBH
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an iron-nickel alloy having a low thermal expansion coefficient and special mechanical properties.
  • iron-based alloys having approximately 36% nickel exhibit low thermal expansion coefficients in the temperature range between 20 and 100° C. These alloys have therefore been used for several decades wherever constant lengths are required, even with changes in temperature, such as for instance in precision instruments, clocks, bimetals, and shadow masks for color televisions and computer monitors.
  • KR 100261678 B1 is an invar alloy wire and a method for producing it.
  • the invar alloy has the following composition (in mass %): 33 to 38% nickel, 0.5 to 1.0% cobalt, 0.01 to 1.3% niobium, 0.5 to 4% molybdenum, 0.2 to 1.5% chromium, 0.05 to 0.35% carbon, 0.1 to 1.2% silicon, 0.1 to 0.9% manganese, max. 0.1% magnesium, max. 0.1% titanium, the remainder being iron; the sum of Mo+Cr being between 1.2 and 5.0%, and the sum of niobium and carbon being between 0.1 and 0.6%.
  • KR 1020000042608 discloses a high-strength invar alloy wire and a method for producing it.
  • the alloy used contains (in mass %): no more than 0.1% nitrogen, 0.01 to 0.2% niobium, 0.3 to 0.4% carbon, 33 to 38% nickel, 0.5 to 4% molybdenum, 0.2 to 1.5% chromium, 0.1 to 1.2% silicon, 0.1 to 0.9% manganese, 1.0 to 10% cobalt, and, as needed, additions of up to 0.1% each Al, Mg, and Ti, with the remainder being iron.
  • the object of the inventive subject-matter is to provide a creep-resistant iron-nickel alloy having a low thermal expansion coefficient and special mechanical properties. Moreover, a production process for wire-like components made of this alloy is provided. Finally, it should be possible to employ the material for specific uses, and the alloy should have a low thermal expansion coefficient.
  • One preferred variant of the inventive iron-nickel alloy is provided as follows (in mass %):
  • Another variant is formed by (in mass %):
  • the inventive composition of the alloy is distinguished from the prior art in that the Si and Mn contents are kept as small as possible. It is known that there is a strong relationship between the elements silicon and manganese with respect to the thermal expansion coefficient. On the other hand, these elements are metallurgically necessary in order to ensure adequate processability. This relates in particular to hot shaping to create billets and wire rods.
  • the inventive chemical composition it is possible to use the smallest possible amounts of the elements silicon and manganese, so that the negative effects these elements have on the thermal expansion coefficient can be avoided.
  • the alloy is easy to process. For this reason, the sum of Mn+Si should not exceed 0.2% (in mass %). The sum of Mn+Si should be ⁇ 0.1%, where technically feasible.
  • the inventive alloy has a nickel content between 35 and 38 mass %, a chromium content of >0.6 to ⁇ 1.2 mass %, a molybdenum content between 2.1 and 2.8 mass %, an aluminum content between 0.2 and 0.4 mass %, and a tungsten content of >0.25 to ⁇ 1.0 mass %.
  • the element zirconium may also be added in contents >0 to ⁇ 0.2 mass % and/or the element B may be added in contents >0 ⁇ 0.01 mass % of the inventive alloy. B+Zr individually or together improve the hot formability of the alloy.
  • the element W may be substituted for some of the element Mo.
  • the W:Cr:Mo ratio should be approximately 1:2:5.
  • the portion of the aforesaid elements in the inventive alloy must be provided such that the predetermined target value of thermal expansion coefficient is not exceeded.
  • the inventive alloy has a thermal expansion coefficient of ⁇ 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K, especially ⁇ 3.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K.
  • the wire rod diameter must be adjusted such that adequate cold forming can be performed prior to and after intermediate annealing, which may take place in multiple stages.
  • the inventive alloy may be used as wire for power lines, especially as the core wire for power lines.
  • inventive alloy may be present in the form of sheet, bar, strip, or wire material.

Abstract

Disclosed is an iron-nickel alloy having the following composition, in % by mass: C 0.05 to 0.5%, Cr 0.2 to 2.0%, Ni 33 to 42%, Mn<0.1%, Si<0.1%, Mo 1.5 to 4.0%, Nb 0.01 to 0.5%, Al 0.1 to 0.8%, Mg 0.001 to 0.01%, V max. 0.1%, W 0.1 to 1.5%, Co max. 2.0%, the remainder Fe, and production-related impurities.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to an iron-nickel alloy having a low thermal expansion coefficient and special mechanical properties.
  • It is known that iron-based alloys having approximately 36% nickel exhibit low thermal expansion coefficients in the temperature range between 20 and 100° C. These alloys have therefore been used for several decades wherever constant lengths are required, even with changes in temperature, such as for instance in precision instruments, clocks, bimetals, and shadow masks for color televisions and computer monitors.
  • KR 100261678 B1 is an invar alloy wire and a method for producing it. The invar alloy has the following composition (in mass %): 33 to 38% nickel, 0.5 to 1.0% cobalt, 0.01 to 1.3% niobium, 0.5 to 4% molybdenum, 0.2 to 1.5% chromium, 0.05 to 0.35% carbon, 0.1 to 1.2% silicon, 0.1 to 0.9% manganese, max. 0.1% magnesium, max. 0.1% titanium, the remainder being iron; the sum of Mo+Cr being between 1.2 and 5.0%, and the sum of niobium and carbon being between 0.1 and 0.6%.
  • KR 1020000042608 discloses a high-strength invar alloy wire and a method for producing it. The alloy used contains (in mass %): no more than 0.1% nitrogen, 0.01 to 0.2% niobium, 0.3 to 0.4% carbon, 33 to 38% nickel, 0.5 to 4% molybdenum, 0.2 to 1.5% chromium, 0.1 to 1.2% silicon, 0.1 to 0.9% manganese, 1.0 to 10% cobalt, and, as needed, additions of up to 0.1% each Al, Mg, and Ti, with the remainder being iron.
  • Both publications provide method parameters for cold drawing. hot drawing, and annealing within defined temperature ranges.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The object of the inventive subject-matter is to provide a creep-resistant iron-nickel alloy having a low thermal expansion coefficient and special mechanical properties. Moreover, a production process for wire-like components made of this alloy is provided. Finally, it should be possible to employ the material for specific uses, and the alloy should have a low thermal expansion coefficient.
  • This object is attained using an iron-nickel alloy having the following composition, in mass %:
    • C 0.05 to 0.5% Cr 0.2 to 2.0% Ni 33 to 42% Mn <0.1% Si <0.1% Mo 1.5 to 4.0% Nb 0.01 to 0.5% Al 10.1 to 0.8% Mg 0.001 to 0.01% V Max. 0.1% W 0.1 to 1.5% Co Max 2.0%
  • Fe Remainder and process-related impurities.
  • One preferred variant of the inventive iron-nickel alloy is provided as follows (in mass %):
    • C 0.1 to 0.4% Cr 0.5 to 1.5% Ni 34 to 40% Mn <0.08% Si <0.08% Mo >2.0 to <3.5% Nb 0.05 to 0.4% A 10.2 to 0.5% Mg 0.001 to <0.01% V Max. 0.1% W 0.2 to <1.0% Co 0 to 1.0%
  • Fe Remainder and process-related impurities.
  • Another variant is formed by (in mass %):
    • C >0.15 to <0.4% Cr 0.6 to max. 1.2% Ni 35 to 40% Mn <0.08% Si <0.08% Mo >2.0 to <3.0% Nb 0.05 to 0.3% Al >0.1 to <0.5% Mg >0.001 to <0.01% V Max. 0.1% W 0.25 to 1.0% Co 0 to max 0.5%
  • Fe Remainder and process-related impurities.
  • The inventive composition of the alloy is distinguished from the prior art in that the Si and Mn contents are kept as small as possible. It is known that there is a strong relationship between the elements silicon and manganese with respect to the thermal expansion coefficient. On the other hand, these elements are metallurgically necessary in order to ensure adequate processability. This relates in particular to hot shaping to create billets and wire rods.
  • Thus, using the inventive chemical composition, it is possible to use the smallest possible amounts of the elements silicon and manganese, so that the negative effects these elements have on the thermal expansion coefficient can be avoided. At the same time, the alloy is easy to process. For this reason, the sum of Mn+Si should not exceed 0.2% (in mass %). The sum of Mn+Si should be ≦0.1%, where technically feasible.
  • It is of particular advantage when the inventive alloy has a nickel content between 35 and 38 mass %, a chromium content of >0.6 to <1.2 mass %, a molybdenum content between 2.1 and 2.8 mass %, an aluminum content between 0.2 and 0.4 mass %, and a tungsten content of >0.25 to <1.0 mass %.
  • Also, the element zirconium may also be added in contents >0 to <0.2 mass % and/or the element B may be added in contents >0−0.01 mass % of the inventive alloy. B+Zr individually or together improve the hot formability of the alloy.
  • Moreover, it is advantageous when the sum of the elements Mo+W is between 2.0 and 4.0 mass %.
  • Likewise, mechanical properties are improved when the sum of the elements Cr+W is between 1.0 and 2.0 mass %.
  • According to another aspect of the invention, the element W may be substituted for some of the element Mo.
  • It is significant that the alloy elements Mo, W, Cr, and C are available in sufficient quantities and that the ratio of (Mo+W+Cr)/C is selected such that it is possible to achieve a balanced mix of carbide strengthening, mixed crystal hardening, and cold hardening in the final product. An optimum ratio is considered to be in the range between 14 and 15.
  • According to another aspect of the invention, the W:Cr:Mo ratio should be approximately 1:2:5. However, the portion of the aforesaid elements in the inventive alloy must be provided such that the predetermined target value of thermal expansion coefficient is not exceeded.
  • In the temperature range between 20 and 200° C., the inventive alloy has a thermal expansion coefficient of <4×10−6/K, especially <3.5×10−6/K.
  • Further provided is a method for producing components from the inventive alloy in an arc furnace, an induction furnace, or a vacuum furnace (where necessary with VOD treatment), with subsequent ingot casting, hot rolling (or forging) to create billets and wire rods on wire of a predetermined thickness, and subsequent drawing to create wire-shaped pre-products with a predetermined diameter, with annealing occurring, when necessary, between individual drawing steps. Since the degree of cold strengthening is critical for the usage properties, both with regard to the thermal expansion coefficient and with regard to strength, the wire rod diameter must be adjusted such that adequate cold forming can be performed prior to and after intermediate annealing, which may take place in multiple stages.
  • According to another aspect of the invention, the inventive alloy may be used as wire for power lines, especially as the core wire for power lines.
  • The inventive alloy may moreover be advantageously used for:
  • Lead frames
  • Shaped parts, especially carbon fiber molded parts
  • Components in chip production.
  • For the preferred uses the inventive alloy may be present in the form of sheet, bar, strip, or wire material.

Claims (26)

1. Iron-nickel alloy comprising, in mass %:
C 0.05 to 0.5%
Cr 0.2 to 2.0%
Ni 33 to 42%
Mn <0.1%
Si <0.1%
Mo 1.5 to 4.0%
Nb 0.01 to 0.5%
Al 10.1 to 0.8%
Mg 0.001 to 0.01%
V Max. 0.1%
W 0.1 to 1.5%
Co Max 2.0%
Fe Remainder and process-related impurities.
2. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, comprising, having in mass %:
C 0.1 to 0.4%
Cr 0.5 to 1.5%
Ni 34 to 40%
Mn <0.08%
Si <0.08%
Mo >2.0 to <3.5%
Nb 0.05 to 0.4%
Al 10.2 to 0.5%
Mg 0.001 to <0.01%
V Max. 0.1%
W 0.2 to <1.0%
Co 0 to 1.0%
Fe Remainder and process-related impurities.
3. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, comprising, in mass %:
C >0.15 to <0.4%
Cr 0.6 to max. 1.2%
Ni 35 to 40%
Mn <0.08%
Si <0.08%
Mo >2.0 to <3.0%
Nb 0.05 to 0.3%
Al >0.1 to <0.5%
Mg >0.001 to <0.01%
V Max. 0.1%
W 0.25 to 1.0%
Co 0 to max 0.5%
Fe Remainder and process-related impurities.
4. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein Ni is present, in mass %:
35 to 38%.
5. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein Cr is present, in mass %:
>0.6 to <1.2%.
6. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein Mo is present, in mass %:
2.1 to 2.8%.
7. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein Al is present, in mass %:
0.2 to 0.4%.
8. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein W is present, in mass %:
>0.25 to <1.0%.
9. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, further comprising at least one additive, present in mass %:
Zr >0 to <0.2% and
B >0to 0.01%.
10. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sum, in mass %, of Mo+W is between 2.0 and 4.0%.
11. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sum, in mass %, of Mo+W is between 2.2 and 3.5%.
12. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sum, in mass %, of Cr+W is between 1.0 and 2.0%.
13. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sum, in mass %, of Si+Mn is # 0.2%.
14. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 13, wherein the sum, in mass %, of Si+Mn is # 0.1%.
15. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein the ratio (Mo+W+Cr)/C is 13.5−15.5.
16. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein a preselected amount of W is substituted for a preselected amount of Mo.
17. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, the iron-nickel alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient of <4×10−6/K, in the temperature range between 20 and 200° C.
18. A method for producing a wire-shaped product from the iron-nickel alloy in accordance with claim 1, comprising providing a melt of the iron-nickel alloy of claim 1, casting the melt into blocks, rolling the blocks, whereby billets are formed, drawing and annealing the billets in alternating steps, whereby a wire-shaped product is formed, the wire-shaped product having a predetermined diameter, aluminizing the wire-shaped product, and drawing the wire-shaped product to predetermined final dimensions.
19. Wire for power lines comprising the iron-nickel alloy of claim 1.
20. Core wire for power lines comprising the iron-nickel alloy claim 1.
21. Lead frames comprising the iron-nickel alloy of claim 1.
22. Molding comprising the iron-nickel alloy of claim 1.
23. Chip production components comprising the iron-nickel alloy of claim 1.
24. A base material having a predetermined form selected from one of sheet, bar, wire, and strip comprising the iron-nickel alloy of claim 1.
25. Iron-nickel alloy in accordance claim 1, the iron-nickel alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient of <3.5×10−6/K in the temperature range between 20 and 200° C.
26. Carbon fiber molding comprising the iron-nickel alloy of claim 1.
US12/991,558 2008-05-08 2009-04-29 Iron-nickle alloy Abandoned US20110056589A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008022855.9 2008-05-08
DE200810022855 DE102008022855A1 (en) 2008-05-08 2008-05-08 Creep-resistant, readily processed, low thermal expansion iron-nickel alloy with minimized manganese and silicon contents, is useful e.g. in wires for overhead power lines
DE200810022854 DE102008022854A1 (en) 2008-05-08 2008-05-08 Creep-resistant, readily processed, low thermal expansion iron-nickel alloy with minimized manganese and silicon contents, is useful e.g. in wires for overhead power lines
DE102008022854.0 2008-05-08
PCT/DE2009/000610 WO2009135469A1 (en) 2008-05-08 2009-04-29 Iron-nickel alloy

Publications (1)

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US20110056589A1 true US20110056589A1 (en) 2011-03-10

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Country Status (9)

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US (1) US20110056589A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2279274B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5546531B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20110009657A (en)
CN (1) CN101978086B (en)
AT (1) ATE544876T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2725206C (en)
ES (1) ES2379579T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2009135469A1 (en)

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US9496632B2 (en) 2012-06-06 2016-11-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disk having an electrical connection element
US9635758B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2017-04-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane with electrical connection element and connection bridge
US9837727B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2017-12-05 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having an electrical connection element
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US10305239B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2019-05-28 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane comprising an electrical connection element
US10355378B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2019-07-16 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having an electrical connection element
US11217907B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2022-01-04 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disk having an electric connecting element
US11456546B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2022-09-27 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having an electrical connection element
US9496632B2 (en) 2012-06-06 2016-11-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disk having an electrical connection element
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KR20110009657A (en) 2011-01-28
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EP2279274A1 (en) 2011-02-02
CA2725206A1 (en) 2009-11-12
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JP5546531B2 (en) 2014-07-09
CN101978086A (en) 2011-02-16

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