US20110030591A1 - Incineration plant with heat insulating layer on the wet slag - Google Patents

Incineration plant with heat insulating layer on the wet slag Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110030591A1
US20110030591A1 US12/833,088 US83308810A US2011030591A1 US 20110030591 A1 US20110030591 A1 US 20110030591A1 US 83308810 A US83308810 A US 83308810A US 2011030591 A1 US2011030591 A1 US 2011030591A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
floating bodies
incinerator
recited
wet slag
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/833,088
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Kolb
Michael Nolte
Helmut Seifert
Wolf-Dieter Zeidler
Bernd Zimmerlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Application filed by Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT filed Critical Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Assigned to KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE reassignment KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NOLTE, MICHAEL, ZIMMERLIN, BERND, ZEIDLER, WOLF-DIETER, SEIFERT, HELMUT, KOLB, THOMAS
Publication of US20110030591A1 publication Critical patent/US20110030591A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/08—Liquid slag removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01002—Cooling of ashes from the combustion chamber by indirect heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01006—Airlock sealing associated with ash removal means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an incinerator which comprises a wet slag remover having a flexible heat insulation layer.
  • the invention further relates to a method for resource-saving operation of an incinerator having a wet slag remover, in particular as regards the heat discharge from the combustion chamber into the deslagging bath.
  • incinerators such as cylindrical rotary furnaces or grate furnaces, consist of a two-stage combustion. In a first stage, predominantly solids are burnt, whilst afterburning in the gaseous phase generally takes place in a second stage.
  • the substances used in this context are not only disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, where residues or waste materials are involved, but are also predominantly used for energy production, i.e. the hot flue gases resulting from the combustion are used in a heat recovery boiler to produce process steam, which can subsequently be fed into the district heating network or converted into electrical energy (current).
  • wet slag remover which is conventionally located between the first and second combustion stages of an incinerator of this type, is a source of heat loss which has been given little consideration until now.
  • the inert, burnt-out residues from the solid combustion (first combustion stage) are discharged via the wet slag remover in a dry (ash) or molten (slag) form.
  • this discharge is generally in a molten form.
  • the molten slag thus falls or drops from the cylindrical rotary kiln into a water bath via a drop chute, the slag being quenched abruptly upon entering the water bath.
  • the cooled, hardened slag is removed from the water bath of the wet slag remover into a collecting vessel via a conveyor system as a solid, vitreous residue and is subsequently supplied to further treatment processes.
  • the wet slag remover not only offers the possibility of transferring inert solids out of the furnace, but at the same time also forms the air seal preventing secondary air from entering the furnace from outside. This air seal makes it possible to operate the incinerator at a reduced pressure.
  • almost all of the incident radiation is absorbed.
  • the water temperature of the wet slag remover begins to rise and evaporation is promoted at the surface of the water.
  • the low radiation reflection at the water surface and the relatively cold water vapour which escapes from the wet slag remover and mixes into the hot combustion gas in the system lead to an undesired reduction in the flue gas temperature, in particular at the transition from the cylindrical rotary kiln into the afterburning chamber.
  • a further disadvantage in this connection is the increased consumption of process water.
  • slag strippers One possibility for facilitating slag discharge is to use what are known as slag strippers. These permanently installed slag strippers prevent the formation of larger slag runs, since the slag growing out of the combustion chamber is stripped off at the slag strippers and falls downwards into the wet slag remover. Thus, using slag strippers can prevent excess loading of the wet slag remover and of the entire incinerator. There is considerable mechanical and thermal stress on these strippers. Instead of slag strippers, additional tipping torches may also be installed near the slag discharge. Permanent or even just brief use of torches of this type may raise the temperature (in particular the slag temperature) considerably at the transition from the cylindrical rotary kiln to the afterburning chamber.
  • the main problem region for the loss of radiant heat is the direct contact between the water surface of the wet slag remover and the combustion chamber. No solutions for reducing the heat losses at the wet slag remover are known from the prior art.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an incinerator having a wet slag remover and a method for discharging combustion residues which mitigate the disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • this is intended to reduce the heat losses at the wet slag remover of an incinerator, so as to increase the system efficiency.
  • the slag discharge is to be improved when using cylindrical rotary kilns by thermal optimisation at the wet slag remover.
  • a further aim of the invention is to reduce the evaporation of water at the wet slag remover. At the same time, however, the entry of combustion residues from the combustion chamber into the water bath of the wet slag remover, in the form of solid or liquid slag or ash, should not be impaired.
  • a solution for inhibiting the loss of radiant heat from the combustion chamber of an incinerator is to cover the water surface of the wet slag remover with a flexible heat insulation layer.
  • This heat insulation layer comprises a plurality of floating bodies which separate the water surface from the combustion chamber, in such a way that the radiant heat predominantly impinges on the floating bodies and not on the water surface.
  • the floating bodies are movable relative to one another.
  • movable means that the floating bodies can move horizontally on the water surface, forming a gap, so as to let falling combustion residues pass.
  • the floating bodies can move vertically, and this in particular makes displacement of individual floating bodies possible between a plurality of layers.
  • the floating bodies have at least one rotational degree of freedom.
  • Rotational degrees of freedom are movements about one of the three axes of rotation of the floating body in which the centre of gravity of the body is not displaced. If combustion residues fall from the combustion chamber onto the floating bodies having a rotational degree of freedom, there is a momentary deflection of the centre of gravity, to which the floating bodies react with a rotational movement which moves the combustion residues onwards towards the water bath.
  • the rotational movements in this context are not restricted to complete rotation, but also include tilting movements, in which the body rotates back into the starting position after the rotational movement.
  • At least one axis of rotation of the floating bodies is not parallel to the axis of the gravitational field.
  • the axis of rotation is preferably at an angle of between 0° and 89°, more preferably between 0° and 45°, to the water surface
  • the floating bodies automatically organise themselves into a generally closed layer because of the buoyancy thereof, the weight thereof and the water movement when slag portions penetrate.
  • the floating bodies are manufactured from a material having an emissivity ⁇ which is less than that of the water, i.e. between 0 and 0.96, particularly preferably between 0.01 and 0.2 (values for polished metal surfaces or metallised surfaces). This makes it possible to provide that a considerable proportion of the heat radiation is reflected back into the combustion chamber.
  • the floating bodies are manufactured from materials which in the ideal case make maintenance-free long-term operation possible. Accordingly, temperature-resistant, preferably refractory materials are required, since high temperatures prevail in the combustion chamber. Depending on the system design, the fuel and the height of the drop chute, temperatures of approximately 150° C.-200° C. are to be expected above the water surface of a conventional wet slag remover without a cover. In addition, the falling slag is even hotter when it strikes the floating bodies. Accordingly, temperature-resistant or refractory materials exhibiting heat resistance at temperatures of at least 200° C. are required for the surface of the floating bodies.
  • a further aspect is the mechanical stress resistance of the floating bodies, since the falling combustion residues might damage the floating bodies.
  • Preferred materials in this context are metal materials, in particular high-grade steels, since these also have a high resistance to corrosion, as well as mechanical dimensional stability.
  • metal surfaces have a low emissivity; for example, polished iron has an emissivity ⁇ of between 0.04 and 0.19.
  • Steel alloys comprising chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium or vanadium may preferably be used.
  • Ceramic materials are a further preferred material for the floating bodies. Ceramic materials are also distinguished by high dimensional stability and mechanical stress resistance. Advanced ceramic materials or engineering ceramic materials are used in particular. In this context what are known as non-oxide ceramic materials (for example nitrides, carbides or borides) may be used, and these are distinguished by a largely grey to dark grey colouring; preferably, however, oxide ceramic materials (for example aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide), which are white to yellow in colour and therefore have a preferred lower emissivity, may be used.
  • non-oxide ceramic materials for example nitrides, carbides or borides
  • oxide ceramic materials for example aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide
  • Temperature-resistant plastics materials may be used as further preferred materials for the floating bodies.
  • Polyfluorinated plastics materials such as polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon®) or polyfluorinated rubber (Viton®) are particularly preferably used for this purpose.
  • temperature-resistance means heat-resistance at temperatures of at least 200° C. According to the manufacturers the heat-resistance of Viton® is 200° C. and that of Teflon® is 260° C.
  • the floating bodies may be manufactured from porous material, the pores preferably being closed.
  • Floating bodies of which the surface comprises a reflective coating, which affords the bodies a particularly low emissivity, are preferred.
  • a coating can also seal an open porosity.
  • the surface is additionally smoothed or polished.
  • the floating bodies are spherical.
  • the invention relates to the use of a heat insulation layer for wet slag removers in incinerators, comprising a plurality of floating bodies which are movable relative to one another and preferably rotatable about at least one axis of rotation.
  • the heat insulation layer according to the invention can be used in various incinerators having wet slag removers. Existing incinerators can also be retrofitted simply without additional constructional measures on the wet slag remover.
  • the heat insulation layer according to the invention When the heat insulation layer according to the invention is used in incinerators, the operating temperature in the combustion chamber rises and the heat loss at the wet slag remover is reduced. As a result, an additional energy input to compensate for heat losses and/or to liquefy slag components is unnecessary. In particular in incinerators having a cylindrical rotary furnace, the discharge of slag from the incinerator is simplified since the slag does not solidify.
  • a plurality of layers of floating bodies may be used, in such a way that the water surface is maximally covered.
  • floating bodies of different sizes may optionally be used.
  • a further advantage of the construction according to the invention of the incinerator is the greatly reduced evaporation of the water in the wet slag remover.
  • the water bath In normal operation of a conventional incinerator without a heat insulation layer, the water bath is heated to approximately 30° C. to 80° C., and this represents a considerable heat loss. Moreover, substantial evaporation takes place at this temperature. The radiant heat incident on the water surface accelerates the evaporation process. The evaporation of water is an endothermic process; the necessary evaporation enthalpy is lost from the system and is a further source of energy loss in incinerators.
  • the floating bodies of the insulating layer reduce the contact area between the water bath and the gas chamber (combustion chamber). In this way, the evaporation of water from the wet slag remover into the combustion chamber is also reduced. Reduced process water consumption is a further advantage of the invention.
  • the combustion residues from incinerators having wet slag removers are discharged by the following method.
  • an incinerator is provided with a tank serving as a water bath for receiving combustion residues (wet slag remover), comprising a floating heat insulation layer which is made up of a plurality of floating bodies which are movable relative to one another.
  • the solid combustibles such as production residues from industry, household waste, substitute fuels, coal or biomass are burnt up in the combustion chamber. This may take place in a grate furnace or a cylindrical rotary furnace, but also in coal combustion boilers.
  • the resulting combustion residues (slags, ash) are discharged into the water bath of the wet slag remover at the end of the rotary cylinder or the grating in the lower part of the coal combustion boiler via a drop chute, the combustion residues penetrating the heat insulation layer before entering the water bath.
  • this water bath is covered by a heat insulation layer made up of floating bodies, the residues initially fall onto the floating bodies, which because of the degrees of freedom of movement thereof do not, however, form a barrier, but instead allow the residues to pass into the water bath.
  • the floating bodies may be displaced either horizontally or vertically to form a gap.
  • the floating bodies preferably have at least one axis of rotation about which they can rotate.
  • the rotational movement comes about when the combustion residues are discharged in that the centre of gravity of the floating bodies is altered by the impacting solids in such a way that a rotational or tilting movement occurs in the gravitational field as a result and conveys the combustion residues into the water bath. This applies in particular to spherical floating bodies.
  • the floating bodies spontaneously organise themselves into a closed layer. If individual floating bodies are damaged or made unusable during relatively long operation of the heat insulation layer, or if floating bodies are lost when the combustion residues are transported away from the wet slag remover, new floating bodies can easily be applied to the water surface of the wet slag remover.
  • FIG. 1 shows an incinerator having a cylindrical rotary kiln and a wet slag remover from the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of the pilot scale test setup of a wet slag remover.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the progression of the temperature in the wet slag remover test setup of FIG. 2 as a function of the height above the water surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example a cross-section of the construction of a conventional incinerator having a first combustion stage 1 and a second combustion stage 2 .
  • Solid packages are conveyed via a conveyor chute 3 into the combustion chamber of the first combustion stage 1 , where they are burnt up.
  • the slags 4 fall through a drop chute 5 into the water bath 7 of the wet slag remover 6 .
  • the hot flue gases escaping from the first combustion stage 1 pass into the gas chamber 8 of the second combustion stage 2 .
  • the gaseous phase of the flue gases which are sometimes insufficiently burnt out, is burnt out using afterburning chamber burners. Consequently, considerable heat radiation prevails in this gas chamber 8 and radiates out into the water bath 7 of the wet slag remover 6 .
  • the radiation incident on the water bath 7 is mostly absorbed.
  • the pilot scale test setup of a wet slag remover shown in FIG. 2 was developed to simulate the basic processes in a wet slag remover 6 of an incinerator.
  • This test setup basically consists of the individual components of a radiation source 9 , a water bath 7 and a gas chamber 8 having external insulation 11 .
  • the radiation source 9 consisted of 4 ⁇ 100 W light emitters and the external insulation 11 consisted of mineral fibre mats/insulating material (approx. 8 cm thick).
  • An extensive data capture system was installed in the gas chamber 8 between the radiation source 9 and the water bath 7 , as well as in the water, and comprises a plurality of thermocouples 10 and a water level indicator 14 .
  • temperature measurements and water level measurements which realistically reproduce the temperature distribution in the wet slag remover 6 of an incinerator were carried out on this test setup.
  • the temperature distribution 17 - 20 was measured as a function of the height above the water surface 16 of the water bath 7 (see FIG. 3 ), the water bath 7 being free from floating bodies 12 on the one hand and covered with hollow glass bodies by way of floating bodies 12 on the other hand.
  • FIG. 3 shows the measured temperature progressions 17 - 20 above the water surface in the gas chamber 8 of the test setup of FIG. 2 with and without using floating bodies 12 .
  • the tests carried out showed that by comparison with the uncovered water surface, a considerable increase in the average gas temperature 15 above the water surface can be achieved merely by using floating bodies 12 .
  • the evaporation amount sank by approximately 15%.
  • FIG. 3 shows the temperature progressions 17 - 20 in the gas chamber above the water surface as a function of the emissivity of the floating body surface (glass hollow spheres having a diameter of 50 mm).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
US12/833,088 2009-07-11 2010-07-09 Incineration plant with heat insulating layer on the wet slag Abandoned US20110030591A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009032760A DE102009032760B3 (de) 2009-07-11 2009-07-11 Verbrennungsanlage und Verfahren mit Wärmedämmschicht am Nassentschlacker
DE102009032760.6 2009-07-11

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EP (1) EP2273194A3 (de)
DE (1) DE102009032760B3 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014172717A3 (en) * 2013-02-28 2015-09-03 Seal Chemistry (Pty) Ltd Non-wax paper coating
US20160122895A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-05-05 The Royal Mint Limited Plating of articles
JP2019143854A (ja) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-29 住友重機械工業株式会社 冷却装置
CN113606592A (zh) * 2021-09-06 2021-11-05 神彩科技股份有限公司 一种危废炉渣在线烘干装置及烘干方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1804155A (en) * 1927-12-28 1931-05-05 Texas Co Furnace
US4286528A (en) * 1979-08-30 1981-09-01 Stephen Willard Exhaust filter system
US4445442A (en) * 1982-10-21 1984-05-01 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace construction having an ash pit with a radiation reflecting surface
US4630594A (en) * 1983-03-09 1986-12-23 Ellersick Russell R Furnace wall lining composition and the use thereof
JP2000005542A (ja) * 1998-06-24 2000-01-11 Ube Ind Ltd 高温旋回炉発生ガスの冷却および同伴スラグミスト分の捕集方法
US6352040B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-03-05 Randall P. Voorhees Mobile armored incinerator
US6574991B1 (en) * 1998-08-13 2003-06-10 Corning Incorporated Pure fused silica, furnace and method

Family Cites Families (2)

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YU35477B (en) * 1973-12-22 1981-02-28 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Device for the removal of slag at a pulverized coal furnace
CH692773A5 (de) * 1998-07-14 2002-10-31 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entziehen von Wasser aus mechanisch aus einem Nassentschlacker ausgetragenen Verbrennungsrückständen.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1804155A (en) * 1927-12-28 1931-05-05 Texas Co Furnace
US4286528A (en) * 1979-08-30 1981-09-01 Stephen Willard Exhaust filter system
US4445442A (en) * 1982-10-21 1984-05-01 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace construction having an ash pit with a radiation reflecting surface
US4630594A (en) * 1983-03-09 1986-12-23 Ellersick Russell R Furnace wall lining composition and the use thereof
JP2000005542A (ja) * 1998-06-24 2000-01-11 Ube Ind Ltd 高温旋回炉発生ガスの冷却および同伴スラグミスト分の捕集方法
US6574991B1 (en) * 1998-08-13 2003-06-10 Corning Incorporated Pure fused silica, furnace and method
US6352040B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-03-05 Randall P. Voorhees Mobile armored incinerator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Ashes Synonyms, Ashes Antonyms_Thesaurus.com" Accessed 28 May 2013. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014172717A3 (en) * 2013-02-28 2015-09-03 Seal Chemistry (Pty) Ltd Non-wax paper coating
US20160122895A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-05-05 The Royal Mint Limited Plating of articles
JP2019143854A (ja) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-29 住友重機械工業株式会社 冷却装置
CN113606592A (zh) * 2021-09-06 2021-11-05 神彩科技股份有限公司 一种危废炉渣在线烘干装置及烘干方法

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EP2273194A3 (de) 2014-08-27
DE102009032760B3 (de) 2011-02-17
EP2273194A2 (de) 2011-01-12

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