US20100329851A1 - Inlet Guide Vane for a Gas Compressor - Google Patents

Inlet Guide Vane for a Gas Compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100329851A1
US20100329851A1 US12/864,288 US86428809A US2010329851A1 US 20100329851 A1 US20100329851 A1 US 20100329851A1 US 86428809 A US86428809 A US 86428809A US 2010329851 A1 US2010329851 A1 US 2010329851A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
inlet guide
guide vane
compressor
vane
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/864,288
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English (en)
Inventor
Ulf Nilsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NILSSON, ULF
Publication of US20100329851A1 publication Critical patent/US20100329851A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/162—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/148—Blades with variable camber, e.g. by ejection of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/042—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having variable geometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0246—Surge control by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/56—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/563—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/663—Sound attenuation
    • F04D29/664—Sound attenuation by means of sound absorbing material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/50—Inlet or outlet
    • F05D2250/51—Inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/505—Shape memory behaviour

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inlet guide vane for a gas compressor, the vane being adjustable to modify gas flow properties in the compressor, as well as a compressor, turbocharger, and gas turbine therefor.
  • inlet guide vanes that can be turned so that the vanes are provided with a variable stagger or camber.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,442,493 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,511 show vanes consisiting of two movable parts of fixed form.
  • the vanes are being manipulated, e.g., with the help of an annular ring to which each vane is coupled.
  • the ring is acted upon by a lever or arm connected to an electric motor, or a hydraulic or pneumatic piston.
  • EP 274293 A1 shows a turbocharger inlet vane comprising of two stable parts of which one is movably connected to the other. This solution generally shares the properties discussed before regarding its movable mechanical components.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,042,371 shows a turbocharger inlet vane which comprises a hollow body, the walls of which are of bimetal. Upon increase of temperature, the bimetallic walls change their shape so that the camber of the vane is varied. The temperature increase can be induced by an electric heating element embedded in the bimetallic wall. The heating elements may be operated by electrically.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,580 discloses a variable camber vane which is built up from a laminate which allows for a temperature-responsive deflection of the vane.
  • PCT patent application publication WO 2006/128827 A1 shows an air intake for a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine with inlet guide vanes made of sound absorbent materials to achieve a substantial reduction of noise.
  • PCT patent WO03/081762 A1 discloses several possibilities to use electroactive polymer, for example as a rotating blade of a fan.
  • PCT patent application WO2007/130847 A2 discloses the possibility to open and close an automobile grill using active materials.
  • US patent application 2006/0027703 A1 discloses winglets for improved rotor tip performance, which can also involve smart materials.
  • the invention according to the claims proposes an inlet guide vane for a compressor, the vane being adjustable to modify gas flow properties in the compressor, characterized in that the guide vane comprises electroactive polymers (EAPs) arranged such that the shape of the vane is adjusted in a specified manner upon applying a voltage to the guide vane.
  • EAPs electroactive polymers
  • Suitable electroactive polymers are for example, disclosed in WO 2005/086249, U.S. Pat. No. 6,543,110, WO 2001/031715, and DE 10 2004 043 403.
  • EAP materials which can be used in the inventive guide vane it is therefore referred to these documents.
  • EAPs When voltage is applied to the EAPs in the vane, the EAPs change their shape such that the vane bends and, consequently, changes its stagger and/or camber. EAPs can be activated directly by applying the respective level of voltage, and thus avoids the use of heating elements, further simplifying electronic control of the vane properties.
  • EAPs allow for a great variety of configurations in which the shaping element or elements is included in the vane.
  • EAPs can be laminated to a vane substrate, or can be finely distributed in a vane material.
  • EAPs can further be included as capsular elements, laid or knitted fibres. Voltage can be supplied to the EAPs by electric leads, or by using electrically conductive vane materials.
  • EAPs which can be used in the inventive guide vane
  • ionic EAPs in which the acuation is caused by a displacement of ions inside the polymer
  • dielectric EAP in which actuation is caused by electrostatic forces between two electrodes which squeeze the polymer.
  • the present invention allows to reduce the amount of mechanical parts needed for vane shape variation to a minimum, while providing for immediate electronic controllability, and thus significantly enhances the reliability of operation and simplifies its practical application in compressors.
  • the inlet guide vane comprises a fixed portion which maintains its shape upon applying the voltage to the guide vane.
  • a fixed portion may be implemented by isolating said portion of the vane from the voltage applied, so that no shaping is effected therein, or a different, dimensionally stable material may be used in the fixed portion.
  • the fixed portion can be located at a fore side (leading edge, upstream edge), or can be located between a first portion at a fore side and a second portion at an aft side (trailing edge, downstream edge).
  • Said first and second portions may be portions comprising electroactive polymer materials.
  • At least a part of the electroactive polymers can be located in a layer extending in longitudinal direction of the vane.
  • a large portion of the vane area can be influenced by shape control.
  • Flexible coating layers may thus comprise a flexible metal layer and/or a flexible polymer layer.
  • the vane may unite shape flexibility with noise reduction.
  • the layer can be laminated to the flexible coating layer.
  • the inlet guide vane can be built such that its surface facing the wall of the compressor channel is of a generally spherical shape.
  • the invention according to the claims provides a compressor comprising an inlet guide vane according to the present invention.
  • the invention according to the claims provides a turbocharger comprising a compressor according to the present invention and its embodiments.
  • the invention according to the claims provides a gas turbine with a compressor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the second embodiment, detailing the surface shaping of the vanes
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a third embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a fourth embodiment of the invention:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a schematic longitudinal section of a first and a second embodiment of the invention, which may be used in a compressor, for instance in the compressor of a turbocharger.
  • Inlet vane 1 comprises a rigid, structurally fixed portion 10 which is coupled to an aft portion that comprises an electroactive polymer (EAP) member 12 and a flexible skin 14 of metal or polymer materials.
  • EAP member 12 is laminated to skin 14 , and is supplied with voltage using electrical leads (not shown).
  • the electrical leads can be led through the structural fixed portion 10 .
  • the structural fixed portion 10 itself can be electrically conductive so as to replace one or more of the leads. If it replaces more than one lead it would comprise a respective number of conductive portions which are electrically isolated against each other.
  • inlet vane 1 ′ of the second embodiment which is shown in FIG. 2 , comprises a rigid, structurally fixed portion 10 ′ which is coupled to an aft portion that comprises an EAP member 12 ′ and a flexible skin 14 ′ of metal or polymer materials.
  • EAP member 12 ′ is laminated to skin 14 ′, and is supplied with voltage using electrical leads.
  • the leads can be led through the structural fixed portion, or the structural fixed portion can replace one or more leads.
  • vane 1 ′ a further, fore, portion is coupled to the structurally fixed portion 10 ′.
  • an EAP member 16 is laminated to a flexible skin as well. This EAP member 16 is also supplied with voltage by leads and/or the structural fixed member 10 ′
  • EAP layers 12 , 12 ′, and 16 comprise, or consist of, EAP materials and are designed such that a specified shape is taken at specific voltages that can be applied to the EAP layer. In the present case, particular degrees of deflection are associated to input voltage.
  • Flexible skins 14 and 14 ′ surround the EAP member to protect it against external influence and mechanical wear.
  • the skin 14 , 14 ′ does not have to be in direct contact with EAP member 12 , 12 ′ (EAP member 16 likewise) along the entire member length. If EAP member and skin are in direct contact only in defined portions, the relative displacement due to the curvatures and varying thickness of the vane when changing shape (i.e., bending) is being allowed for. Further, by having such a contact in defined portions of the EAP member, the force that the EAP member must provide in order to effect the bending of the vane is reduced. If, instead of one monolithic EAP member, a number of stripes, for instance up to 12 stripes, is mechanically coupled, such that they can slide relative to each other, the force or power required for a specified bending of the vane is further reduced.
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the plane of the vane according to the second embodiment.
  • the edges of the vane are of spherical shape, so that leakage between a vane and the wall of a spherical compressor channel is minimized.
  • the shape-adapting portions of the vane are configured such that the spherical shape is kept while increasing vane stagger/camber.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a third and a fourth embodiment of the invention, respectively, which may be used in a silencer of a turbocharger.
  • the configuration of these embodiments generally corresponds to the configuration of the embodiments described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • what has been said about supplying the EAPs with voltage with respect to the first and second embodiment is also true for the third and fourth embodiment.
  • a rigid portion 30 is located between and coupled to a fore portion that comprises an EAP layer 36 laminated to covering layer 34 , and an aft portion, also comprising an EAP layer 32 laminated to covering layer 34 .
  • the rigid portion 30 ′ forms a voltage-invariant fore portion of the vane, and is coupled to an aft portion that is equivalent to the aft portion of vane 3 .
  • the materials of covering layers 34 and 34 ′ are selected to both provide sound absorbing properties to the vane and to be flexible, so that, while the noise level is being reduced, the EAP member, upon changing its own shape, can influence the overall shape of the vane. Further, the structurally fixed parts 30 and 30 ′ can be provided with sound-absorbing qualities by proper material selection.
  • the system presently shown provides an effective and reliable way of varying the vane shape in an electronic manner, and thus significantly enhances the reliability of operation and simplifies its practical application in turbochargers.
  • the inlet guide vane of the present invention and its embodiments is not limited to turbochargers. It may be applied in a profitable manner in various types of centrifugal compressors for compression of different gases, such as natural gas, oxygen, nitrogen, and the like. Further, it can be applied to axial compressors, in which case the first rows of variable guide vanes can be equipped with the technology of present invention, where the compressor operating temperature is within the range of the operating temperature of the EAP material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
US12/864,288 2008-01-25 2009-01-14 Inlet Guide Vane for a Gas Compressor Abandoned US20100329851A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08001433A EP2083174A1 (fr) 2008-01-25 2008-01-25 Aube de guidage d'entrée pour compresseur de gaz
EP08001433.5 2008-01-25
PCT/EP2009/050368 WO2009092655A1 (fr) 2008-01-25 2009-01-14 Aube de guidage d'entrée pour un compresseur à gaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100329851A1 true US20100329851A1 (en) 2010-12-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/864,288 Abandoned US20100329851A1 (en) 2008-01-25 2009-01-14 Inlet Guide Vane for a Gas Compressor

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20100329851A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2083174A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101925746A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009092655A1 (fr)

Cited By (15)

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US20100313476A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Periscoping vanes for smart windows
US20120045318A1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2012-02-23 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for air flow control
US20160245231A1 (en) * 2015-02-19 2016-08-25 Rohr, Inc. Dielectric elastomer device to fill steps or gaps in a thrust reverser
US20160356173A1 (en) * 2015-06-04 2016-12-08 Rolls-Royce Plc Actuation arrangement
US20170114795A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-04-27 Safran Aero Boosters Sa Composite compressor vane of an axial turbine engine
US20170218841A1 (en) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-03 General Electric Company Gas Turbine Engine Having Instrumented Airflow Path Components
US20170298758A1 (en) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-19 Rolls-Royce Plc Aerofoil body
US10502086B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2019-12-10 General Electric Company System and method for actuating gas turbine engine components using integrated jamming devices
FR3085459A1 (fr) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-06 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de controle de la circulation d’un fluide et applications dudit dispositif dans le domaine de l’automobile
US10753278B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2020-08-25 General Electric Company Translating inlet for adjusting airflow distortion in gas turbine engine
RU2743471C2 (ru) * 2016-09-08 2021-02-18 Сафран Хеликоптер Энджинз Устройство для управления входными направляющими лопатками посредством многослойного пьезоэлектрического привода
US11028725B2 (en) 2018-12-13 2021-06-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Adaptive morphing engine geometry
US11073090B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2021-07-27 General Electric Company Valved airflow passage assembly for adjusting airflow distortion in gas turbine engine
US11111811B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-09-07 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine with morphing variable compressor vanes
US20230235674A1 (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 General Electric Company Cantilevered airfoils and methods of forming the same

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JP6403156B2 (ja) * 2014-10-28 2018-10-10 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 気流発生装置、および、風力発電システム
CN106499669B (zh) * 2016-10-28 2018-09-14 扬州大学 采用柔性导叶的水泵

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US3042371A (en) * 1958-09-04 1962-07-03 United Aircraft Corp Variable camber balding
US3442493A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-05-06 Gen Electric Articulated airfoil vanes
US4278398A (en) * 1978-12-04 1981-07-14 General Electric Company Apparatus for maintaining variable vane clearance
US4619580A (en) * 1983-09-08 1986-10-28 The Boeing Company Variable camber vane and method therefor
US5472314A (en) * 1993-07-07 1995-12-05 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "Snecma" Variable camber turbomachine blade having resilient articulation
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US6891317B2 (en) * 2001-05-22 2005-05-10 Sri International Rolled electroactive polymers
US20040096316A1 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-20 Volker Simon Pre-whirl generator for radial compressor
US20060027703A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-02-09 Richard Bussom System and method for improved rotor tip performance
US20070154302A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Ingersoll-Rand Company Geared inlet guide vane for a centrifugal compressor

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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EP2232078A1 (fr) 2010-09-29
WO2009092655A1 (fr) 2009-07-30
CN101925746A (zh) 2010-12-22
EP2083174A1 (fr) 2009-07-29

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