US20100317066A1 - Bioreactor and method for producing microbial cellulose - Google Patents

Bioreactor and method for producing microbial cellulose Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100317066A1
US20100317066A1 US12/461,280 US46128009A US2010317066A1 US 20100317066 A1 US20100317066 A1 US 20100317066A1 US 46128009 A US46128009 A US 46128009A US 2010317066 A1 US2010317066 A1 US 2010317066A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
hollow tubes
microbial cellulose
bioreactor
liquid medium
container
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/461,280
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English (en)
Inventor
Hsu-Chou Hsiao
Ting-Sheng Lu
Han-Ken Chen
Jinn-Tsyy Lai
Fwu-Ling Lee
Chung-Liang Chu
Chii-Cherng Liao
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Food Industry Research and Development Institute
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Food Industry Research and Development Institute
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Assigned to FOOD INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE reassignment FOOD INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LIAO, CHII-CHERNG, CHEN, HAN-KEN, CHU, CHUNG-LIANG, HSIAO, HSU-CHOU, LAI, JINN-TSYY, LEE, FWU-LING, LU, TING-SHENG
Publication of US20100317066A1 publication Critical patent/US20100317066A1/en
Priority to US13/332,523 priority Critical patent/US8551740B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C12M27/06—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with horizontal or inclined stirrer shaft or axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bioreactor and method for producing microbial cellulose, and more particularly to a bioreactor and method for simultaneously producing tubular microbial cellulose and sheets of microbial cellulose.
  • cells of Acetobacter synthesize cellulose extracellularly in the form of fibrils attached to the cell.
  • the fibrils produced by cells incubated in a static culture intertwine with one another to form a hydrophilic network known as a pellicle.
  • This pellicle forms on the air/liquid interface of the motionless and undisturbed culture which is usually contained in shallow trays.
  • Coherent gel-like microbial cellulose pellicles have many uses such as in wound dressings, paper, cosmetics and speaker vibration membranes, after removal of the cells.
  • a rotary disk bioreactor used for producing pellicular microbial cellulose is disclosed; the bioreactor includes a trough holding a liquid medium for microbial cultivation at bottom thereof; a shaft, and a series of parallel circular disks mounted on the shaft; in which an outer portion of each of the circular disks are immersed under the horizontal surface of the liquid medium, and the disks have the appropriate mesh size that would allow both the attachment and growth of microbial cellulose producing organisms, so as to allow the organisms to synthesize microbial cellulose extracellularly.
  • the bioreactor further includes a rotating device attached to the shaft in order to rotate the disks. Therefore, when the rotating device is activated, the outer portions of the disks are alternately immersed under the horizontal surface of the liquid medium.
  • WO 2007/093445 A1 discloses a hollow module for this purpose, which comprises two glass half-tubes; a glass cylinder, and two O-shaped rings; wherein the two glass half-tubes are mounted onto the glass cylinder by the use of the two O-shaped rings, so that an annular space is formed between them, and an upper slit and a lower slit are also formed between the two glass half-tubes; the upper slit, the lower slit, and the annular space are interconnected.
  • the lower slit is allowed to contact a pellicular microbial cellulose grown over the horizontal surface of a microbial cultivation liquid medium, so that the microbial cellulose grows into the lower slit, the annular space, and the upper slit to form a tubular microbial cellulose.
  • the first embodiment of WO 2007/093445 A1 shows that the growth of microbial cellulose over the horizontal surface of the liquid medium requires seven days, and it takes an additional two to three weeks to grow into tubular microbial cellulose (which has an inner diameter of 3 mm and an outer diameter of 4.5 mm).
  • an attached growth biological reactor which comprises a horizontally disposed rigid cylinder having a sufficiently rough outer surface to allow for attachment and growth of filamentous fungi, and the cylinder is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof; a trough disposed below the cylinder, which includes a culture medium for at least a portion of the cylinder to be immersed therein; a blade horizontally disposed and in parallel to the cylinder, and the blade can be brought into contact with the cylinder to scrape any substances off the surface of the cylinder; and a rotating device connected to the cylinder for rotating the cylinder.
  • the bioreactor can be used to produce filamentous fungi continuously, the cylinder is inadequate to be used to produce tubular microbial cellulose.
  • a primary objective of the present invention is to provide a novel module for producing tubular microbial cellulose.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing tubular microbial cellulose.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a module for simultaneously producing tubular microbial cellulose of different diameters.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for simultaneously producing tubular microbial cellulose of different diameters.
  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide a method for simultaneously producing tubular microbial cellulose and sheets of microbial cellulose.
  • a bioreactor for producing microbial cellulose constructed according to the present invention comprises:
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing microbial cellulose, comprising the following steps:
  • the present invention has the advantages of being able to produce tubular microbial cellulose of large diameters at high production efficiency. Another advantage of the invention is that tubular microbial cellulose of different diameters can be produced simultaneously. The invention is also advantageous in that tubular microbial cellulose and sheets of microbial cellulose can be produced simultaneously.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view that shows a horizontal module assembled from fitting three hollow tubes together according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a lateral view that shows a bioreactor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the container 30 is transparent.
  • FIG. 3 is a lateral view that shows a spacer according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a lateral view that shows a bioreactor according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the container 30 is transparent.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a horizontal module 10 assembled by fitting three hollow tubes together according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the horizontal module 10 includes three hollow tubes 11 , 12 , and 13 , which have diameters of 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm, respectively, and a wall thickness of 1.0 mm; and two spacers 20 .
  • Each of the spacers 20 has a cross-shaped section 21 and a shaft 22 .
  • the cross-shaped section 21 has three groups of joining clefts 23 surroundingly disposed around a central point of the cross, and each group includes four joining clefts 23 that are spaced at 5 mm from the next group of joining clefts 23 .
  • the first group of four joining clefts are disposed at 15 mm from the central point of the cross, and are used to join with and hold an end of the first hollow tube 11 (with a diameter of 30 mm); the second group of four joining clefts are disposed at 20 mm from the central point of the cross, and are used to join with and hold an end of the second hollow tube 12 (with a diameter of 40 mm); while the third group of four joining clefts are disposed at 25 mm from the central point of the cross, and are used to join with and hold an end of the third hollow tube 13 (with a diameter of 50 mm).
  • the three hollow tubes 11 , 12 , and 13 have one end respectively joined with the three groups of joining clefts 23 of a first spacer 20 , with an interval of 5 mm between the hollow tubes as described above. Subsequently, the same steps are repeated to have another ends of the three hollow tubes 11 , 12 , and 13 respectively joined with the joining clefts of a second spacer 20 , with an interval of 5 mm between the hollow tubes.
  • Each of the three hollow tubes 11 , 12 , and 13 has a rough outer surface and a smooth inner surface. More preferably, the rough outer surface has a regular texture 14 to allow for attachment and even growth of microorganisms thereon.
  • the horizontal module 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 can also be assembled by using a spacer 20 A having a Y-shaped section 21 A shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the spacer 20 A has a Y-shaped section 21 A and the latter has a cross-shaped section 21 , whereas both have identical shafts 22 and joining clefts 23 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the horizontal module 10 , as well as a container 30 holding a liquid medium 40 for microbial cultivation.
  • the horizontal module 10 and the container 30 are the main components that make up the bioreactor for producing microbial cellulose according to the invention, in which the container 30 has two semicircular indentations 31 disposed on upper edges of both lateral sides thereof, so as to be joined with and hold the shafts 22 of the horizontal module 10 . Therefore, the horizontal module 10 can be disposed in the container 30 for horizontal rotation, and each of the three hollow tubes 11 - 13 is alternately partially immersed in the liquid medium 40 held in the container 30 , and partially exposed above the horizontal surface of the liquid medium 40 .
  • One of the shafts 22 further comprises a notch 24 at an end thereof, and the notch 24 is able to be coupled to a corresponding linear button (not shown in the drawing) of a transmission shaft, such that when the transmission shaft is driven into rotation by a motor, the horizontal module 10 of FIG. 2 is allowed to rotate horizontally.
  • the horizontal module 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 can be increased to two, or the horizontal module 10 may have one or two hollow tubes added to or taken from the existing three.
  • FIG. 4 shows a bioreactor according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in which all of the components of the bioreactor are identical to those shown in FIG. 2 , except that two horizontally separated tubes having a diameter of 50 mm are used, and the components similar to those of FIG. 2 are labeled by similar numbers and symbols.
  • the bioreactor of the present invention may be further comprised of a lid for covering on top of the container 30 , so as to minimize contamination of the liquid medium 40 by various bacteria from the air.
  • a lid When a lid is included, a height of surrounding walls of the container 30 must be increased to make it higher than the highest part of the horizontal module 10 , so that the lid can cover the container properly.
  • the bioreactor of the present invention may be placed in an environment not contaminated by various bacteria to carry out cultivation of microorganisms.
  • a microorganism that is adequate to be applied in the method for producing microbial cellulose according to the invention is Gluconacetobacter xylinus.
  • the method for producing microbial cellulose includes the cultivation of microorganisms by using the aforesaid bioreactor of the invention, under the conditions described in prior arts (the conditions described in the patents mentioned in Background of the Invention of this disclosure, for instance).
  • the microorganisms are allowed to form tubular microbial cellulose on the outer surfaces of each of the hollow tubes 11 - 13 , as well as forming sheets of microbial cellulose on the horizontal surface of the liquid medium not being disturbed by the hollow tubes in the container 30 .
  • the horizontal module 10 is removed from the container and then disassembled.
  • the hollow tubes 11 - 13 are separated from one another, and because the outer surfaces of the hollow tubes are rough and the inner surfaces are smooth, the microbial cellulose formed by the microorganisms predominately adhere to the rough surfaces. Therefore, the hollow tubes can be separated from one another easily, thereby resulting in hollow tubes having a layer of microbial cellulose on outer surfaces thereof, for example without having the inner surface of the outer most hollow tube 13 adhered to the microbial cellulose on the outer surface of the middle hollow tube 12 , which allows the hollow tubes to be removed easily and prevents the microbial cellulose from being damaged structurally.
  • the layer of microbial cellulose is then peeled off the outer surfaces of the hollow tubes, followed by the removal of microorganisms thereon, thereby obtaining a product of tubular microbial cellulose.
  • the tubular microbial cellulose may be further dried and hydrated.
  • the method further comprises a step of obtaining sheets of microbial cellulose from the liquid medium 40 held in the container, and then removing the microorganisms thereon, thereby resulting in a product of sheets of microbial cellulose.
  • the sheets of microbial cellulose may be further dried and hydrated.
  • the bioreactor of the invention can not only be used to produce tubular microbial cellulose of different diameters, but also effectively reduces the cultivation time and increases the yield of microbial cellulose for every unit of time/space.
  • the bioreactor of the invention can not only be used to cultivate filament-producing microorganisms such as fungi and Actinobacteria, but also microorganisms that produce solid-state products as well.
  • the culture medium may be gently stirred to promote even mixing of the microorganisms with the medium, which consequently elevates the usage efficiency of the culture medium.
  • the bioreactor of the invention can be used in the production of casing applied in foods, and also further applied in the production of biomedical materials.
  • the bioreactor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was used, wherein the container 30 has a length of 33 cm, a width of 23 cm, and a height of 4 cm, and the three hollow tubes 11 - 13 have a length of 30 cm.
  • the shafts 22 were driven into rotation by a motor at 10 rpm. Consequently, the horizontal module 10 was rotated horizontally at 10 rpm as well.
  • the bioreactor was placed in an environment free of contaminating bacteria in order to carry out microbial cultivation, in which the liquid medium 40 held in the container 30 was 35 mm of height, and the culture temperature was 30° C.
  • the liquid medium 40 was a pre-agitated culture prepared in advance.
  • the pre-agitated culture was a liquid medium comprising the ingredients listed in the following table and 5% microorganisms, the culture was incubated free of contaminating bacteria at 120 rpm and 30° C. for two days, and was filled with Gluconacetobacter xylinus by the time the incubation was completed.
  • the cultivation was carried out under room temperature and normal atmospheric environment for seven days.
  • Example 1 The steps and the bioreactor employed in Example 1 were also used in this embodiment, except that the second hollow tube (with a diameter of 40 mm) from the three hollow tubes was not used.
  • Example 1 The steps and the bioreactor employed in Example 1 were again used in this embodiment, except that the first and the second hollow tubes (with a diameter of 30 mm and 40 mm, respectively) from the three hollow tubes were not used.
  • Example 3 The steps and the bioreactor employed in Example 3 were used in this embodiment, except that two separated hollow tubes with a diameter of 50 mm positioned in parallel to each other were used. The two separated and parallel hollow tubes were kept from each other at a minimal distance of 65 mm.
  • the table above lists the total yields of microbial cellulose from Examples 1-4, which shows that the yield of microbial cellulose is the highest when two separated hollow tubes are used in the cultivation.
  • the inventors deduce that a possible reason for the results is that two separated hollow tubes could produce stronger disturbances onto the liquid medium, which leads to more even distribution of the microorganisms in the liquid medium held in the container, and thus the usage efficiency of the liquid medium is higher than in other cases.
  • the tubular bacterial cellulose yield per unit of hollow tube from Example 4 (two separated hollow tubes) is threefold that of Example 3 (a single hollow tube), instead of the predicted twofold.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
US12/461,280 2009-06-11 2009-08-06 Bioreactor and method for producing microbial cellulose Abandoned US20100317066A1 (en)

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TW098119600A TW201043691A (en) 2009-06-11 2009-06-11 Biological reactor and method for producing microbial cellulose product
TW98119600 2009-06-11

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100172889A1 (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-07-08 Catchmark Jeffrey M Degradable biomolecule compositions
US20110086236A1 (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-04-14 The Penn State Research Foundation Composites containing polypeptides attached to polysaccharides and molecules
WO2012171905A1 (de) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 Bioregeneration Gmbh Formgebende struktur zur herstellung eines langgestreckten zellulosekörpers
US9683208B2 (en) * 2015-07-31 2017-06-20 Ernest Louis Stadler Horizontal single use pressurizable modular multi-agitator microbial fermentator
US10202517B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2019-02-12 The Penn State Research Foundation Polymer compositions and coatings

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL220652B1 (pl) * 2013-04-05 2015-11-30 Politechnika Łódzka Sposób wytwarzania trwałego kompozytu bionanocelulozy bakteryjnej z perforowanym materiałem polimerowym lub metalowym, przeznaczonego do rekonstrukcji tkanek
WO2021138837A1 (zh) * 2020-01-08 2021-07-15 钟春燕 动态发酵制备核壳结构细菌纤维素复合材料的装置及方法
CN112063504B (zh) * 2020-09-25 2021-05-28 江西师范大学 一种挂帘喷雾式细菌纤维素凝胶培养装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3853712A (en) * 1971-02-09 1974-12-10 Nat Res Dev Cell culture systems
US4317886A (en) * 1980-08-11 1982-03-02 Becton, Dickinson And Company Multiple interior surface roller bottle
US5132090A (en) * 1985-08-19 1992-07-21 Volland Craig S Submerged rotating heat exchanger-reactor
US5246854A (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Attached growth biological reactor

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08278A (ja) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-09 Kikkoman Corp セルロース性物質の製造方法
US5955326A (en) * 1995-08-01 1999-09-21 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Production of microbial cellulose using a rotating disk film bioreactor
US5647983A (en) * 1995-11-03 1997-07-15 Limcaco; Christopher A. Aquarium system
DE102006007412B4 (de) * 2006-02-19 2008-08-21 Bioregeneration Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines langgestreckten Cellulosehohlkörpers
DE102007016852A1 (de) * 2007-04-10 2008-10-16 Bioregeneration Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer kristalline Cellulose umfassenden Struktur

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853712A (en) * 1971-02-09 1974-12-10 Nat Res Dev Cell culture systems
US4317886A (en) * 1980-08-11 1982-03-02 Becton, Dickinson And Company Multiple interior surface roller bottle
US5132090A (en) * 1985-08-19 1992-07-21 Volland Craig S Submerged rotating heat exchanger-reactor
US5246854A (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Attached growth biological reactor

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100172889A1 (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-07-08 Catchmark Jeffrey M Degradable biomolecule compositions
US20110086236A1 (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-04-14 The Penn State Research Foundation Composites containing polypeptides attached to polysaccharides and molecules
WO2012171905A1 (de) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 Bioregeneration Gmbh Formgebende struktur zur herstellung eines langgestreckten zellulosekörpers
US10202517B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2019-02-12 The Penn State Research Foundation Polymer compositions and coatings
US11781032B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2023-10-10 The Penn State Research Foundation Polymer compositions and coatings
US9683208B2 (en) * 2015-07-31 2017-06-20 Ernest Louis Stadler Horizontal single use pressurizable modular multi-agitator microbial fermentator

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US20120094334A1 (en) 2012-04-19
JP4932878B2 (ja) 2012-05-16
TW201043691A (en) 2010-12-16
JP2010284150A (ja) 2010-12-24
US8551740B2 (en) 2013-10-08
TWI366601B (ja) 2012-06-21

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