US20100314579A1 - Method for manufacturing a composite sorber for the removal of h20 consisting of hygroscopic inorganic salts dissolved in a polymeric matrix - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a composite sorber for the removal of h20 consisting of hygroscopic inorganic salts dissolved in a polymeric matrix Download PDF

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US20100314579A1
US20100314579A1 US12/738,074 US73807408A US2010314579A1 US 20100314579 A1 US20100314579 A1 US 20100314579A1 US 73807408 A US73807408 A US 73807408A US 2010314579 A1 US2010314579 A1 US 2010314579A1
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sorber
inorganic salt
polymer
polymeric matrix
polymeric
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Sergio Rondena
Lorena Cattaneo
Johnny Mio Bertolo
Tania Collina
Roberto Giannantonio
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K50/846—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations comprising getter material or desiccants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/28—Selection of materials for use as drying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/02—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing inorganic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces
    • H05B33/20—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
    • B01D2253/1124—Metal oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K59/874—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations including getter material or desiccant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • H 2 O the presence of H 2 O, even at trace levels, results to be harmful for the correct functioning of various devices, among which lithium batteries, microelectromechanical devices known in the field by the acronym MEMS (MicroElectroMechanichal Systems), organic displays of the OLED-type (Organic Light Emitting Diode) and photovoltaic cells, i.e. the cells of the OSC-type (Organic Solar Cells), to mention some of the most interesting devices.
  • MEMS MicroElectroMechanichal Systems
  • OLED-type Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • photovoltaic cells i.e. the cells of the OSC-type (Organic Solar Cells)
  • the invention consists in a method for the manufacturing of a sorber for the removal of H 2 O comprising a polymeric matrix and a hygroscopic inorganic salt, characterised in that said hygroscopic inorganic salt is dissolved inside of said polymeric matrix.
  • composite material will be used to identify the sorber material in order to highlight that is obtained dissolving an inorganic compound in a polymerized organic mixture, even if it is actually an homogeneous material that is not characterized by phase separation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a photography taken by an optical microscope of a composite sorber made according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a photography taken by an optical microscope of a composite sorber made with one of the inorganic salts suitable for carrying out the present invention, but not with the method herein described;
  • FIG. 3 shows a photography taken by an optical microscope of a composite sorber made with a non-suitable material
  • FIG. 4 show the comparison of the transparency of different composite polymeric films
  • FIG. 4A shows the comparison between the transparency of a film, made according to the method of the invention, at time zero and of the same film after 23 hours of exposure to air.
  • the inventors have discovered various methods to manufacture the H 2 O composite sorbers consisting of a polymeric matrix and a dissolved hygroscopic inorganic salt; in particular the polymer and the inorganic salt are both dissolved in a solvent, the evaporation of which results in the consolidation of the polymeric matrix that thus contains the dissolved inorganic salt.
  • the polymer and the inorganic salt are dissolved in the same common solvent, but it is also possible to use two different solvents for the polymer and for the hygroscopic inorganic salt, in which case it is necessary that the two solvents are miscible with each other.
  • Solubility data can be moreover found in other publications, as for example the Handbook of Solubility Parameters and other Cohesion Parameters, 2 nd edition, 1991, or Hansen Solubility Parameters—A user's Handbook by Charles M. Hansen, 2 nd edition, 2007 both edited by CRC Press.
  • solubility of a salt in a solvent, a monomer, a polymer or a mixture of at least two of them is not directly available in bibliographic data, an expert in the field can easily obtain it as experimental value.
  • a simple solubility test can consist in subsequent addition of small amount of solute (salt) in a fixed amount of the liquid mixture: starting of precipitate formation correspond to the solubility limit of the salt in the chosen mixture.
  • Hygroscopic inorganic salts suitable for carrying out the invention are alkaline-metal and alkaline earth-metal perhalogenates, alkaline-metal and alkaline earth-metal halides; the use of perchlorates is preferred.
  • some examples of polymers and solvents suitable for carrying out the invention are cellulose acetate in methyl acetate, or the same cellulose acetate in tetrahydrofuran cellulose.
  • the solution is composed only of the polymer precursor and of the hygroscopic inorganic salt (the precursor acts as solvent for the inorganic salt)
  • suitable polymers are polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), obtained by polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA), or polyethylmethacrylate (PEMA) obtained by polymerization of ethyl methacrylate (EMA).
  • polymers or polymer precursors for obtaining the polymeric matrix of the composite sorber being object of the present invention.
  • the case in which one of these polymers or polymeric precursors acts inside the solution as cross-linking agent results to be particularly advantageous.
  • the use of ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate as cross-linking agent for obtaining a composite sorber having as polymeric matrix PMMA and as hygroscopic inorganic salt dissolved therein magnesium perchlorate results to be particularly advantageous.
  • the combination of a polymeric precursor with a low molecular weight polymer is particularly advantageous.
  • the use of mixture of polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) with methylmethacrylate (MMA) results to be advantageous whenever the outgassing and shrinkage amount must to be minimized, i.e. if the polymerization has to take place in a closed environment or in a closed device.
  • Functionalized polymer precursors can moreover be added in order to improve and optimize physiochemical material properties.
  • the adhesion on a selected substrate in fact is very important for the final application of a composite sorber and the use of trimethylsiloxyethyl methacrylate results to be very advantageous to improve the adhesion on a glass-type or a metal-oxidized substrate.
  • additives are usually foreseen in the final composition in order to act as polymerization promoter.
  • Different kinds of polymerization catalysts can be used, as for example cationic, anionic or radical initiator, and it is chosen in function of the polymerization process that will be used to obtain the final matrix. Its concentration is usually lower or equal to 1% w/w.
  • the quantity of inorganic salt to be added during the manufacturing process of the composite sorber depends on the specific hygroscopic inorganic salt used and on the characteristics of the polymer precursor (in the case in which this acts as solvent for the inorganic salt) or on the solvent-polymer-inorganic salt combinations and is difficult to determine a priori; and it is thus necessary to gradually add quantities of the inorganic salt to dissolve to the solution that will allow to obtain the polymeric composite sorber, proceeding with its dissolution, for example by stirring the solution and observing when the addition of the inorganic salt corresponds to the formation of a precipitate on the bottom of the solution.
  • the invention consists in a method for the removal of H 2 O from devices sensitive to its presence by the use of composite sorbers consisting of hygroscopic inorganic salts dissolved in a polymeric matrix.
  • the sensitive devices that benefit the most from the application of the method of the invention are photovoltaic cells, OLED displays, microelectromechanical devices and lithium batteries.
  • the method of the invention offers advantages when it is necessary that the H 2 O concentration inside the sensitive device must not exceed a critical value during the normal functioning of the device.
  • This critical value is related to the kind of sensitive device and among those which require a very low water concentration are the OLEDs, that typically need concentrations in the order of 10 ppm or less, whereas at the extreme opposite there are the solar cells, which can support up to 5000 ppm before irreversible deterioration phenomena are triggered.
  • the polymer containing the dissolved hygroscopic inorganic salt may be used in form of an already consolidated film, in this case with thicknesses typically between 10 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m, or it may be used when not yet completely solidified, while carrying out the final phase of consolidation or polymerisation once it has been dispensed: in this case the use of the monomer as medium in which the hygroscopic inorganic salt is dissolved results to be particularly advantageous for this way of use, because there is no evaporation of the solvent that could give rise to contaminations of the device.
  • the dispensing on the final support may be carried out by various methods widely known in the field, for example through brush work or spraying; preferred is the use of serigraphic method, well known in the printing field, which allows a better control of the deposit thickness (by means of control of the stencil thickness, through which the mixture is forced to pass for reaching the support) or also a filmograph may be used (a plate held at a fixed distance from a base or support, at a distance that corresponds to the thickness of the film).
  • sorbers made according to the present invention foresees the melting of the polymer containing the dissolved hygroscopic inorganic salt; in this case it is useful to obtain the H 2 O sorber from a thermoplastic polymer, i.e. from a polymeric material with a melting temperature typically lower than 300° C.
  • H 2 O sorbers made according to the present invention in the form of nanofibres, that can be produced by a technique known in the field by the term “electrospinning”.
  • a subsequent thermal treatment causes then the melting thereof and consequent filling of the inner volume of the device in a nearly uniform manner.
  • the sensitive devices that benefit the most of this particular configuration are the photovoltaic cells and the OLED displays.
  • the invention is inherent to composite sorbers consisting of polymeric matrices comprising dissolved hygroscopic inorganic salts that could be chosen from one or more of the following inorganic compounds: alkaline-metal and alkaline earth-metal perhalogenates, alkaline-metal and alkaline earth-metal halides, among which the use of perchlorates results to be preferred.
  • a film of a polymeric composite sorber according to the present invention is produced by dissolving a hygroscopic inorganic salt in a monomer.
  • a quantity of 0.4 grams of magnesium perchlorate is used, the powder's particle size of which is not controlled and may also comprise flakes of a diameter of 2 mm.
  • the inorganic salt is dissolved in 5 grams of methylmetacrylate (MMA) and 0.05 grams of benzoin methyl ether, this last one having the function of polymerisation initiator.
  • MMA methylmetacrylate
  • the polymerisation is carried out inside a chamber model UVACUBE 100 produced by Honle, and obtained by means of irradiation with ultraviolet light produced by a 100 W mercury lamp.
  • the solution is subjected to a “pre-UV curing” treatment for 14 minutes with a radiation dose equal to 4.35 J/cm 2 .
  • the pre-polymerised solution is spread out by means of a filmograph with a thickness of 50 microns on a steel plate and finally consolidated by means of a “post-UV curing” treatment for 30 minutes (the corresponding radiation dose being 9.32 J/cm 2 ). All of the preceding operations are carried out in a glove box under an inert gas flux in order not to compromise the sorbing capacity of the hygroscopic inorganic salt.
  • FIG. 1 The photography by optical microscopy is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a film of a polymeric composite sorber is produced by not operating under the conditions of the invention i.e. using a common solvent, dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), for the polymer (PMMA) and the inorganic salt (Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 ), in which the solvent is not able of dissolving the inorganic salt.
  • a common solvent dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 )
  • PMMA polymer
  • Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 the inorganic salt
  • the quantities of polymer and inorganic salt are the same as in example 1, also the particle size of the inorganic salt is the same, whereas as regards the quantity of the solvent, a quantity equal to 15 g has been used.
  • the photography by optical microscopy is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a film of a polymeric composite sorber is produced by operating as in example 1, i.e. using a solution given by the monomer (MMA) mixed with powders of hygroscopic material, but using a hygroscopic material not foreseen by the present invention, i.e. calcium oxide in powder form, added in a quantity equal to 0.4 g, that does not dissolve in methylmethacrylate.
  • MMA monomer
  • a hygroscopic material not foreseen by the present invention i.e. calcium oxide in powder form
  • the photography by optical microscopy is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • This example compares a secondary characteristic, the transparency, of the films from polymeric composite sorbers obtainable with some special polymers (among which PMMA) prepared as described in the examples 1-3.
  • each polymeric film corresponds to the area of the incident light beam on the sample, i.e. a rectangle of 1 ⁇ 10 mm 2 .
  • FIGS. 4 and 4A The results related to the spectral interval 400-700 nm are shown in the FIGS. 4 and 4A in which:
  • FIG. 4A the comparison between the transparency curve at time 0 (curve 2 a ) and after 23 hours of exposure to air, (curve 2 a ′), is shown, using a very expanded scale for the axis of ordinates in order to appreciate the differences between these curves.
  • FIGS. 1-3 highlight how only in the case of FIG. 1 there are no particles or their aggregates in the polymeric composite sorber film, as instead happens in the case of FIG. 2 , in which there is not perfectly dissolved magnesium perchlorate in the film which gives rise to a film with irregular characteristics, whereas FIG. 3 shows the calcium oxide particles enclosed in the polymeric film.
  • FIG. 4 allows to observe how the morphological differences in the polymeric composite sorber film can transform also in phenomenological differences, referring particularly to a secondary characteristic of the hygroscopic film, i.e. its transparency. This secondary characteristic is very useful in the case the sensitive device is an OLED display or placed in a solar cell.
  • a hygroscopic film produced according to the present invention shows a transparency (lines 2 , 2 ′) that is totally comparable to that of a polymer without inorganic salt (line 1 ). Further the characteristic of transparency of the hygroscopic film is not compromised by the H 2 O sorbing of the active component contained therein, i.e. the hygroscopic inorganic salt, and results to be always greater than 95% in the spectral interval considered.
  • FIG. 4A shows how there are no significant differences in the transmission curve of a composite sorber obtained according to the method of the invention at time zero (curve 2 a ) and after 23 ours of exposition to air (curve 2 a ′).
  • a film containing a hygroscopic inorganic salt not perfectly dissolved in the polymeric matrix, apart from showing in general definitely inferior transmission characteristics (curve 3 ) with respect to the films of the present invention, has also a high variability of its transparency characteristics according to the considered sample zone of the film.

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US12/738,074 2007-10-30 2008-10-28 Method for manufacturing a composite sorber for the removal of h20 consisting of hygroscopic inorganic salts dissolved in a polymeric matrix Abandoned US20100314579A1 (en)

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IT002087A ITMI20072087A1 (it) 2007-10-30 2007-10-30 Metodo per la produzione di un assorbitore composito per la rimozione di h2o costituito da sali igroscopici disciolti in una matrice polimerica
ITMI2007A002087 2007-10-30
PCT/EP2008/064590 WO2009056536A2 (en) 2007-10-30 2008-10-28 Method for manufacturing a composite sorber for the removal of h2o consisting of hygroscopic inorganic salts dissolved in a polymeric matrix

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CN115304805A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-11-08 青岛科技大学 一种具有调温功能的农用薄膜制备方法

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EP2438983A1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-04-11 SAES GETTERS S.p.A. Dispensable polymeric precursor composition for transparent composite sorber materials
CN105133067B (zh) * 2015-09-07 2017-07-28 佛山轻子精密测控技术有限公司 一种可控孔径的多孔纳米纤维的制造方法
CN106622102A (zh) * 2016-12-23 2017-05-10 常熟市胜阳干燥剂贸易有限公司 一种适用于中碱性气体的干燥剂
RU2765188C1 (ru) * 2020-11-03 2022-01-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Способ получения селективного сорбента для твердофазной экстракции

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KR20100084673A (ko) 2010-07-27
HK1147769A1 (en) 2011-08-19
US9248402B2 (en) 2016-02-02
WO2009056536A2 (en) 2009-05-07
RU2010121823A (ru) 2011-12-10
RU2476264C2 (ru) 2013-02-27
CN101874066B (zh) 2013-05-08
EP2209846A2 (en) 2010-07-28
US20140338530A1 (en) 2014-11-20
WO2009056536A3 (en) 2009-09-03
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EP2209846B1 (en) 2014-09-17

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