US20100300431A1 - Radiation heat collection device - Google Patents

Radiation heat collection device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100300431A1
US20100300431A1 US12/509,558 US50955809A US2010300431A1 US 20100300431 A1 US20100300431 A1 US 20100300431A1 US 50955809 A US50955809 A US 50955809A US 2010300431 A1 US2010300431 A1 US 2010300431A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
outer envelope
collection
segments
joints
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Abandoned
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US12/509,558
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English (en)
Inventor
Marco Antonio Carrascosa Pérez
Manuel Julián Luna Sánchez
Abel García-Miján Gómez
Fernando Rueda Jiménez
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ARIES INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA
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ARIES INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA
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Assigned to ARIES INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS, S.A. reassignment ARIES INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS, S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GARCIA-MIJAN GOMEZ, ABEL, LUNA SANCHEZ, MANUEL JULIAN, Rueda Jimenez, Fernando, CARRASCOSA PEREZ, MARCO ANTONIO
Publication of US20100300431A1 publication Critical patent/US20100300431A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/80—Accommodating differential expansion of solar collector elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a radiation heat collection device and, more particularly, to a heat collection device which uses a parabolic reflector that focuses the solar heat radiation onto an absorber tube.
  • the known designs use structures that act as supports for the reflector elements that make up the parabolic reflector profile and the absorber tube located on the theoretical focal line of the parabolic cylinder formed by the reflectors. These structures are usually formed by inter-connected modules and equipped with an orientation mechanism that makes it possible to collect the maximum possible radiation by following the sun.
  • the reflector elements may be composed of different materials, made using different processes and supported in different ways, but, in any event, the objective is to obtain the maximum possible reflectivity and the maximum geometric precision such that, following the optical laws of reflection and refraction, the reflected beam interception deviation with respect to the theoretical focal point is as small as possible.
  • the tube in charge of absorbing the maximum possible energy of that reflected from the reflector surface and transmitting it as efficiently as possible to the heat-transfer fluid used.
  • the absorber tube normally made of a metallic material with a suitable selective-layer coating, is surrounded by a glass envelope tube, and the intermediate space is subjected to high vacuum, which requires hermetic glass-metal joints and high-quality metal-metal welds subjected to vacuum.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,705,311 describes specific solutions in this regard.
  • This invention is intended to overcome these disadvantages.
  • One object of this invention is to provide robust, controllable thermoelectric plants that ensure a minimum level of inoperativity, caused by the breaking of their components and the need for complex maintenance operations to replace them, during their operating life.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide thermoelectric plants that allow for flexible, cost-optimized production and exploitation.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide thermoelectric plants that make it possible to increase the interception factor and, consequently, the yield thereof.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide thermoelectric plants that make it possible to increase the effective surface in the absorber element, and, consequently, the yield thereof.
  • a heat collection device that comprises at least one collection unit equipped with a collection tube, formed by an inner absorber tube and an outer envelope tube, and reflectors that direct the radiation to the collection tube, wherein:
  • the heat collection device collects solar radiation by means of a parabolic reflector, amongst other elements.
  • said heat collection device also comprises means for introducing gas into the collection tube which allow for hydrogen drag. Jointly with the vacuum production means, this leads to a device that makes it possible to monitor and control the vacuum level and the presence of hydrogen in the intermediate space between the inner absorber tube and the outer envelope tube, which contributes to optimizing the yield of the device.
  • the joints of all the segments making up the outer envelope tube are fixed to the collection tube supports. This provides for a very robust heat collection device.
  • part of the joints of all the segments making up the outer envelope tube are supported in a displaceable manner on the collection tube supports. This provides for a heat collection device wherein maintenance operations are reduced.
  • the outer envelope tube is made of glass, with a thickness of between 2.5 and 3.5 mm. This provides for a heat collection device with a very optically efficient collection tube.
  • the outer envelope tube is made of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). This provides for a heat collection device with a less expensive collection tube.
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • the inner absorber tube has an oval cross-section. This provides for a heat collection device with a collection tube that improves the utilization of solar radiation.
  • inner absorber tubes with a circular cross-section are used, with a diameter between 70 and 90 mm and/or configurations with focal lengths Fl between 1,700 mm and 1,900 mm. This provides for more efficient heat collection devices.
  • the segments of the outer envelope tube have a length of between 4 and 6 m, and the segments of the inner absorber tube have a length of between 12 and 16 m. This provides for easy-to-assemble heat collection devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a collection unit of a heat collection device in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the directioning of radiation toward the collection tube of a solar heat collection device in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the final part of the collection tube of a heat collection device in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram that illustrates the vacuum formation process in a heat collection device in accordance with this invention formed by four collection units.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram that illustrates the gas drag in a heat collection device in accordance with this invention formed by four collection units.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram that shows the relationship between heat losses and pressure in the intermediate space between the outer envelope tube and the inner absorber tube for air and hydrogen.
  • FIG. 7 is a figure similar to FIG. 2 , except that the inner absorber tube of the collection tube has an oval cross-section.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the segment joint of the outer envelope tube in a heat collection device in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial-section perspective view of said first embodiment of the joint, and FIGS. 9 a and 9 b are detailed views of two areas of the joint.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-section view of the insulation crown of the joint illustrated in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a partial-section perspective view of a second embodiment of the segment joint of the outer envelope tube in a heat collection device in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial view of a longitudinal section of the joint of FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the insulation crown of the joint illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 .
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-section view of the joint illustrated in FIGS. 11-13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a partial elevation view of a heat collection device in accordance with this invention using a third embodiment of the segment joint of the outer envelope tube.
  • FIG. 16 is a detailed view of the area of FIG. 17 with two joints and an intermediate bellows.
  • FIG. 17 is a partial-section perspective view of the joint of FIGS. 15-16 .
  • FIG. 18 is a partial view of a longitudinal section of the joint of FIG. 17 .
  • FIG. 1 represents a collection unit 11 of a heat collection device formed by two semi-collectors 13 , 13 ′ with reflectors 15 , 15 ′ that reflect the radiation toward collection tube 21 , which extends along the focal line of said reflectors 15 , 15 ′ and is placed on supports 23 fixed to the bearing and guiding structure of collection unit 11 .
  • Central area 17 of said structure also contains components 19 of the vacuum and gas drag systems whereto we will refer further below.
  • Oil or another fluid circulates through collection tube 21 ; it is heated by the radiation and transmitted to a heat exchanger or directly to a turbine in the event that Water-Steam is used as the heat-transfer fluid in order to, for example, produce electrical energy, or to another device designed to utilize the fluid's calorific energy.
  • collection tube 21 which receives the beams reflected by a reflector 15 , comprises an inner absorber tube 31 and an outer envelope tube 33 with an intermediate space that, as we shall see, is subjected to controlled vacuum when collection unit 11 is operative.
  • inner tube 31 has a diameter of about 70 mm and the focal length, Fl, is located at about 1,700 mm; as is well known, these magnitudes are determined by the characteristics of the parabolic concentrators for purposes of optimizing the interception factor of the reflected beams.
  • Inner absorber tube 31 and outer envelope tube 33 may be made of the same type of materials used in the thermoelectric plants known in the state of the art, typically metal coated with selective layers for the absorber tube and glass for the envelope tube.
  • the thickness of outer envelope tube 33 is between 2.5 and 3.5 mm, and, preferably, 3 mm for borosilicates.
  • Outer envelope tube 33 may also be made of other suitable transparent materials, such as Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • inner absorber tube 31 is formed by welded segments with lengths of between 12 and 16 meters
  • outer envelope tube 33 is formed by segments with lengths of between 4 and 6 meters.
  • the segment joints of outer envelope tube 33 are placed on supports 23 and shaped, as shown further below, to fulfill a three-fold purpose: that the intermediate space between outer envelope tube 33 and inner absorber tube 31 may be subjected to vacuum, that the segments of outer envelope tube 33 may dilate/contract due to an increase/reduction in the temperature without compromising its integrity nor the airtightness of said intermediate space, and that they provide a support and slide base for inner absorber tube 31 such that it may freely dilate/contract thereon.
  • inner absorber tube 31 freely dilates independently from outer envelope tube 33 and the dilations of the latter are absorbed at the joints of the segments that compose it; therefore, the intermediate space between both, which extends along the entire device, may act as a vacuum chamber.
  • a bellows 25 (see FIG. 3 ) accumulates the total dilations of inner absorber tube 31 with respect to the last support 23 , without transmitting a cyclised load to envelope tube 33 .
  • bellows 25 are the closing elements of the above-mentioned vacuum chamber.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically illustrate the vacuum and gas drag systems of a heat collection device in accordance with the invention composed of four collection units 11 , each formed by two semi-collectors 13 , 13 ′.
  • the vacuum system comprises a central vacuum pump 41 and two end vacuum pumps 43 for each collection unit 11 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the air flow with all the pumps 41 , 43 under operating conditions.
  • the gas drag system comprises a gas-dispensing element 45 connected to the central part of each collector 11 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the gas flow when the system is started with dispensing elements 45 and end pumps 43 under operating conditions.
  • the device receives direct radiation by orientation toward the radiation source in one or two axes, preferably one axis for thermoelectric production applications, by heating the surface of inner absorber tube 31 , which causes heating of the oil circulating inside.
  • vacuum pumps 41 , 43 begin to create a vacuum in the intermediate space between inner absorber tube 31 and outer envelope tube 33 until a maximum pressure, of between 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 and 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mbar, is achieved along the entire length. This pressure is sufficient to almost completely eliminate heat losses through the vacuum chamber when the material inside it is primarily air; this is not the case when the gas is hydrogen, as may be seen in FIG.
  • a drag operation which consists of introducing a given gas, such as dry air, CO2 or others with a conduction coefficient equal to or lower than that of air, into the vacuum chamber by means of dispensing elements 45 , controlling either the flow rate, the temperature of the gas introduced, or both, in order to prevent potential thermal shocks, in the event that glass outer envelope tubes 33 are used, and the subsequent discharge by means of the vacuum system.
  • the previous operation will make it possible to control, whenever necessary, the partial pressure of hydrogen and, therefore, the rate of heat loss due to the existing gas mixture and the vacuum chamber pressure.
  • outer envelope tube 33 is made of a suitable transparent plastic material, such as Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), there is no risk of said thermal shocks.
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • the vacuum and gas drag systems are electronically programmable and controllable systems designed to operate the dynamic vacuum on the basis of the needs at each time, without the complexity that the presence of thousands of tubes designed to last 25 years with 10 ⁇ 4 mbar vacuums entails.
  • inner absorber tube 31 has, as shown in FIG. 7 , an oval geometry with the major semi-axis oriented in the direction of the axis of the parabola, in order to improve the interception factor of the reflected beams, particularly at the ends of parabola 15 , where there is the maximum probability of separation in the focal area. Due to the difference in the distance from the parabola to the focus at the different points thereof, the probability distribution of reflected beams at a given point of the parabola translates into an angular aperture ⁇ , the linear aperture “a” whereof will be a function of distance “d” to the focus of the point in question.
  • FIG. 7 an oval geometry with the major semi-axis oriented in the direction of the axis of the parabola, in order to improve the interception factor of the reflected beams, particularly at the ends of parabola 15 , where there is the maximum probability of separation in the focal area. Due to the difference in the distance from the parabola to the focus at the different points thereof, the probability distribution of reflected
  • FIG. 7 shows the variation of linear aperture a 1 and a 2 for points p 1 and p 2 positioned around the centre and the end of parabola 15 at distances d 1 and d 2 , respectively.
  • the oval geometry of inner absorber tube 31 makes it possible to increase the yield of the system using a smaller quantity of material than that necessary to cover the same area with a circular geometry. Similarly, the lateral section subject to losses by radiation will be lower than the circular equivalent.
  • Each joint 51 comprises:
  • ends 55 , 55 ′ of segments 35 , 35 ′ of envelope tube 33 have an enlarged configuration in order to collaborate with flanges 53 , 53 ′ and, furthermore, their final area 56 is protected against concentrated IR and solar radiation.
  • This configuration of joint 51 takes advantage of the dilation of outer envelope tube 33 due to the increase in temperature, since it generates an added compression effect on sealing bands 63 , due to the fixed position, as base 69 of ring 61 is fixed to support 23 .
  • the thermal insulation system causes the temperatures in the areas of sealing bands 63 , 63 ′ not to exceed 100° C.; consequently, different materials with the adequate specifications may be used.
  • the mean temperature of outer envelope tube 33 will be a function of the material used, but, in any event, the limited dilation thereof will be absorbed by sealing bands 63 , 63 ′.
  • the tightening and contact elements of segments 35 , 35 ′ of outer envelope tube 33 must have sufficient flexibility to maintain them in a radial position during the displacements thereof. Sloping surfaces 55 , 55 ′ of flanges 53 , 53 ′ have been designed for this purpose.
  • the angle ⁇ to be used is a function of the elasticity of the tightening system and the load per empty weight to be borne by said system, which will generate a normal component that is a function of said angle ⁇ .
  • insulation crown 62 is intended to connect the vacuum or insulation chamber with the adequate conductivity by means of a design that allows for an adequate difference in pressure between the endpoints of the vacuum chamber defined between absorber tube 31 and outer tube 33 , the maximum pressure being lower than 5*10 ⁇ 1 mbar at all times.
  • the hydraulic diameter of the cross-section must be at least greater than 75% of that corresponding to the annular section defined by the inner diameter of outer envelope tube 33 and the outer diameter of inner absorber tube 31 .
  • joints 81 comprise:
  • an intermediate part 88 is placed, made of an elastomer material designed to homogenize the effect of tightening flanges 83 , 83 ′ on insulation crown 85 .
  • the dilations of segments 35 , 35 ′ are absorbed with small deformations of sealing bands 89 , 89 ′.
  • joints 51 and 81 are constructively different, they may be considered to be functionally equivalent.
  • a group of two segments 36 , 37 of outer envelope tube 33 is united by means of a joint 95 fixed onto a support 23 and the ends of that group are united to other adjacent groups by means of pairs of joints 95 ′ supported in a displaceable manner on a support 23 with an intermediate bellows device 97 which, in turn, facilitates welding of the components of inner absorber tube 31 between two joints 95 ′ by the contraction of bellows 97 and the subsequent assembly thereof.
  • the group formed by segments 36 and 37 which has a length L of, for example, 12 m, is centrally united by a joint 95 fixed onto a support 23 and, on the ends, by joints 95 ′ supported in a displaceable manner on supports 23 .
  • end joints 95 ′ of each group are connected by means of a bellows 97 .
  • the arrows, f indicate the displacements of the end joints as a consequence of the dilations of segments 36 , 37 of outer envelope tube 33 .
  • the axial dilation of segments 36 , 37 of a glass envelope tube 23 may be calculated to be about 2 mm every 6 m for a maximum temperature difference of 100° C.; for this reason, supports 23 of the ends of each group of segments 36 , 37 may allow for displacements of joints 95 ′ of about 3 mm.
  • Joints 95 , 95 ′ comprise:
  • the collection device in accordance with this invention makes it possible to surpass the magnitudes of the parabolic solar concentrators known in the state of the art in, at least, the following aspects:
  • collection tube 21 which may be estimated to be between 97%-98% of the total length, thanks to the absence of both glass-metal joints and intermediate bellows for the compensation of thermal dilations, estimated to be 25 mm every 6 m as the differential dilation between the inner tube and the outer cover, as a consequence of using a continuous absorber tube 31 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US12/509,558 2009-05-26 2009-07-27 Radiation heat collection device Abandoned US20100300431A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09382082A EP2256428A1 (de) 2009-05-26 2009-05-26 Strahlungsenergiesammelvorrichtung
EP098382082.7 2009-05-26

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US13/322,316 Expired - Fee Related US9016271B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2010-05-25 Radiation heat collection device

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US (2) US20100300431A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2256428A1 (de)
CN (1) CN102483264B (de)
AU (1) AU2010252040A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010136471A1 (de)

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DE112015001430A5 (de) 2014-03-24 2016-12-15 Frenell Gmbh Absorbersystem
US10931224B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2021-02-23 RBI Solar, Inc. Single axis in-line gearbox modular tracker system
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EP2256428A1 (de) 2010-12-01
CN102483264A (zh) 2012-05-30
EP2435767A1 (de) 2012-04-04
AU2010252040A1 (en) 2012-02-02
US9016271B2 (en) 2015-04-28
CN102483264B (zh) 2014-06-25
WO2010136471A1 (en) 2010-12-02
US20140102438A1 (en) 2014-04-17

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