US20100239372A1 - Flood irrigation system by channels using plastic film - Google Patents

Flood irrigation system by channels using plastic film Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100239372A1
US20100239372A1 US12/681,305 US68130510A US2010239372A1 US 20100239372 A1 US20100239372 A1 US 20100239372A1 US 68130510 A US68130510 A US 68130510A US 2010239372 A1 US2010239372 A1 US 2010239372A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
plastic film
water
perforations
furrows
channels
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Abandoned
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US12/681,305
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English (en)
Inventor
Ian Jorge Garcia de Alba Flores
Carol Nicole Garcia De Alba Flores
Poi Andre Garcia De Alba Flores
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to agriculture in general, and in particular it is related to the methods and irrigation systems for different agricultural crops. More specifically, it is related to an innovative flood or gravity flow irrigation system by channels using plastic film that seeks to make the consumption of water more efficient and reduce the loss of water through filtration.
  • the water In the gravity flow or flood system, the water is moved by gravity, meaning that the water flows down the slope of the furrows and does not require extra energy to be moved.
  • the quality of irrigation depends on the systemization of the land from the beginning, and therefore it is very important to have a good slope in the plot to be irrigated, as well as create adequately designed furrows, particularly related to their orientation and length.
  • the most traditional flood or gravity flow irrigation system consists of sending the water through channels that guide the water to the cultivated plots, where it is then supplied to the channels perpendicular to the furrows which distribute the water to the upper ends of the plot furrows. From there, the water is distributed to the furrows, and then flows by gravity following the slope of the land until it finally arrives at the end of each furrow, soaking the troughs of the furrows on its way.
  • a supply main (hoses, PVC or aluminum pipes, etc.) located at the end of the furrows is used, and nozzles, valves, and openings pour water onto the furrows, a process which aims to avoid the loss of water on its way to the plots.
  • the aforementioned gravity flow or flood irrigation systems represent the most inexpensive systems in terms of installation, because they only require that the water be allowed to run down the furrows.
  • the problem is that there is non-uniformity of irrigation for all of the crops; the first plants receive large amounts of water and the plants toward the end of the rows receive almost none.
  • Another important problem presented by this system is that a large amount of water used is because the channel must be filled up to its far end. Furthermore, this type of irrigation must be carried out several times during the agricultural cycle, which increases the consumption, and consequently the high loss of water from filtration.
  • each irrigation application requires labor, which in the end elevates the cost per farming hectare; and when there is not a stream or river nearby, bringing water to the channels at the beginning of each furrow represents a significant electric expense since this is carried out using pumps.
  • Another disadvantage of such a system is that it does not stimulate the growth of the plant by reflecting light or prevent the attack of organisms that are harmful to crops.
  • the water is applied to the soil in the form of rain, using devices to emit water called sprinklers that generate a stream of water in the form of a spray.
  • the water comes out of pressurized sprinklers and it gets there through a network of tubes with a complexity and length that depend on the dimensions and configuration of the plot being irrigated.
  • a pump system is required in order to develop the necessary elevated pressure to get the water to the plots needing irrigation.
  • irrigation system does not control the growth of weeds, change the temperature of the soil, retain moisture for the plants, stimulate the growth of the plant by reflecting light, or ward off aphids or other organisms that are harmful to plants.
  • the drip irrigation system does not apply water to and entire area of soil, but rather only to a specific area. Just like with sprinkler irrigation, the water is circulated by pressure through a system of tubes extended over the surface of the soil or buried in it, finally coming out of irrigation emitters integrated in the tubes with little or no pressure through openings which are generally small in size.
  • the flood irrigation system by channels using plastic film was developed in response to the inconveniences described above, and to the fact that agricultural activity requires more and more technological innovations to provide better profitability and cost-benefit ratio, and moreover, the considerable conservation of water for the risks to agricultural crops that permits a sustainable management of resources using only the optimal volume needed to produce crops.
  • the main objective of the present invention is to provide an innovative flood irrigation system by channel using plastic film that achieves an efficient use and management of water in the optimal quantities for risks to the different agricultural crops without the loss from evaporation or filtration, which is also easy to install.
  • Another objective of the invention is to permit said flood irrigation system by channel using plastic film to be economical in terms of production, sale, and installation.
  • One more objective of the invention is to make said flood irrigation system by channel using plastic film available, in order to also permit an increase in the production of plants and fruits per hectare in agricultural crops.
  • Another objective is to permit said flood irrigation system by channel using plastic film to also reduce the consumption of water used for irrigation by up to one third, compared to the traditional form of flood irrigation.
  • Another objective of the invention is to permit said flood system of irrigation by channel using plastic film to maintain moisture in the soil for a prolonged time, which offers an atmosphere that is more favorable for growth and development of the plants.
  • Another objective of the invention is to make available said flood system of irrigation by channel using plastic film which will also allow a modification in the temperature of the soil, creating more favorable conditions for plant development.
  • Another objective of the flood system of irrigation by channel using plastic film is to avoid soil erosion and degradation and to conserve healthier soil.
  • Still another objective of the invention is to provide said flood system of irrigation by channel using plastic film, which will also permit the control of weed growth by preventing sunlight from passing through the surface where the film is located, leaving all soil nutrients for the cultivated plants.
  • Yet another objective of the invention is to make available said flood system of irrigation by channel using plastic film, which permits the application and distribution of fertilizers and herbicides diluted in the water that passes through said channel with plastic film, which implies significant savings and makes the process more effective.
  • Still another objective of the invention is to permit said flood irrigation system by channel using plastic film, to also stimulate light fertilization of the plants and prevent the attack of harmful organism (such as aphids) using reflective colors on the plastic film which repel them, in cases where the film has reflective colors.
  • Yet another objective of the invention is to make available said flood irrigation system by channels using plastic film, which will also imply a significant savings on fertilizers, herbicides, water, energy, and labor.
  • the flood irrigation system by channel using plastic film in accordance with the present invention, consists of a plastic film wide enough to form a channel to transport water for flood irrigation and long enough to cover part or all of the Length of the furrows in cultivated plots.
  • said film includes, distributed equidistantly or not, a large number of perforations and/or frangible sections defined by tapering lines or by a succession of small perforations or cuts that form diverse shapes, which are removable to create successive, alternating, or discontinuous perforations through which the water is distributed to the root system of the crops, according to the type of crop and the amount of water it requires.
  • Said plastic film is installed in the valleys formed by the furrows, generating a channel for transporting irrigation water and having its lateral edges buried in the sides or grooves of the furrow, completely covering the valleys and part of the sides of the furrow, with the cultivated plants on the ridge of the furrow.
  • the film should be buried along its edges in the sides of the furrows and the amount that is buried depends upon the type of soil; although it is preferably between 2 cm. and 5 cm., with an optimal width on each side of 3 cm., which will assure that the plastic does not become unburied and also that it will be easy to remove at the end of the crop cycle.
  • the large amount of perforations and/or frangible sections that are removable to create perforations through the film are provided to distribute the water to the land directly to the root system of the cultivated plants, so that the land is moistened uniformly.
  • the large amount of perforations and/or frangible sections that are removable to create perforations through the film can be of several shapes including circles, polygons, irregulars, ovals, or other diverse forms.
  • the large amount of perforations and/or frangible sections that are removable to create perforations through the film have a circular shape, with a diameter ranging between 1 and 3.5 inches, preferably 2 inches; the distance of separation in this version ranges from 20 cm and 50 cm. with an optimal distance between perforations of 30 cm.; in the case of the frangible sections that are removable to create perforations through the film, the farmer defines the distance of separation between perforations.
  • the dimensions indicated are only one example that is presented with the plastic film, so the dimensions can vary according to the amount of water that is desired to flow through depending on the type of soil, crop, and its water requirements.
  • the width of the plastic film is in accordance with the distance between the furrows of each plot, with enough room to create a shape for the channel the permits water to pass over the plastic film.
  • the thickness of the film also depends on the land to which it is applied, and can range from 50 gauges (12.5 microns) to 125 gauges (31.25 microns), having an optimal thickness of 80 gauges (20 microns), although the thickness can vary according to the type of texture and structure of the soil, and the volume of water to transport, to avoid tearing. This results in a plastic film with sufficient resistance and durability for different types of terrain, or different films according to the type of terrain to which it will be applied.
  • the plastic film includes frangible sections that are removable to create perforations through the film
  • the farmers can remove the frangible sections continuously, discontinuously, or in alternation, according to the irrigation needs and the type of crop, so that the required amount of water can be regulated.
  • the large amount of perforations and/or frangible sections that come are removable to create perforations through the film along the entire length of the plastic film can be made at the center of the transverse section of the film, in areas close to the sides, alternating between the two positions, or randomly. Although in the preferred embodiment of the invention the perforations are made in the center of the transverse section to allow the distribution of water in equal parts between the adjacent furrows to arrive to the root system of the plants in the adjacent furrows.
  • Said plastic film is preferably manufactured from low density linear polyethylene with different colored pigments, according to the type of application that is required.
  • Other materials and diverse compositions can be used to generate the plastic film, which can be biodegradable or long-term; but they should preferably be resistant to sunlight, chemical fertilizers, herbicides and chemicals used in agriculture, for a prolonged period of time.
  • the plastic film includes a white color, aluminum, or another color that can reflect light from the exposed exterior surface that faces the soil, and the opposite surface that faces the soil is a black color that prevents sun rays from passing through to the soil to avoid the growth of weeds and cause an increase in soil temperature; at the same time it permits the reflection of light so that it remains in a range that wards off organisms that are harmful to crops while stimulating the fight fertilization of the plants.
  • the frequency of PAR light waves is in the range of 400 to 700 nanometers (nm) of the solar spectrum, which stimulates the growth of the plant while at the same time helping to control aphids, decreasing problems with viral infections.
  • the plastic film is preferably in place throughout the entire agricultural crop cycle so that irrigation can take place several times, and it is removed manually or with machinery to be recycled.
  • the land is prepared making furrows with a slope that permits the smooth transportation of water by gravity along the entire length of the channel or valley of the furrow, distributing the water from the highest end of the furrow.
  • the water may arrive at the furrows from rivers, streams, lakes, deep wells, reservoirs, or any other body of water available, using drains, open channels, tubes, and/or hoses.
  • Fertilizers and chemical products can be applied at the same time, dissolved in the irrigation water.
  • One irrigation application is enough to take the place of 3 or 4 of the prior water applications (depending on the crop); a third less water is used.
  • fertilizers, herbicides, etc. to the crop is much less because it is uniform to all of the plants and goes directly to the root zone. Fertilizers, herbicides, and other chemical products can be dissolved in the water and are applied using the same channel formed by the plastic film. The savings in this case is considerable, because the application is much more effective and reduces the quantities needed, resulting in savings that can reach from 40% to 50%.
  • the plastic maintains the temperature of the soil, creating a favorable environment for optimal development of the plants.
  • the irrigation can also be used to reflect sunlight at a certain wavelength so as to ward off aphids and other organisms that are harmful to plants; the reflection of the plastic aids in the light fertilization of the plants.
  • the film can be installed manually or with a machine which consists of an attachment mounted to a tractor where the rolls of plastic film are mounted and then unrolled using a mechanism of lateral disks or wheels that press the side edges of the plastic film against the furrow, burying the edges in the furrow.
  • a small reservoir can be made with the plastic film so that the water can be held and absorbed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of the plant from a portion of the plastic film for the flood irrigation system by channels using plastic film, which is installed in the valleys or channels between furrows.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of a plant in a portion of the plastic film that includes frangible sections that come off to create perforations.
  • FIG. 3 shows a conventional perspective of the plastic film for a flood irrigation system by channels in the furrows of the cultivated plots, illustrating its installation using a machine installed on a tractor.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a cultivated plot with the plastic film installed in the valleys or channels between furrows for the distribution of water to the root system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of a plant from a portion of plastic film for the flood irrigation system by channel with plastic film that is installed in the valleys or channels between furrows, in one of the preferred modalities.
  • the plastic film 1 has the necessary width to form a channel to transport flood irrigation water and the necessary length to cover part or all of the length of the furrows in the cultivated plot;
  • said plastic film 1 in this embodiment includes along its entire length, distributed equidistantly or not, a large amount of circular perforations 2 through which water is distributed to the root system of the crops, according to the type of crop and the required amounts of water; said perforations 2 in this embodiment have a diameter “d” that ranges from 1 to 3.5 inches, preferably 2 inches; the distance of separation “s” in this embodiment ranges from 20 cm.
  • the width “a” of the plastic film is in accordance with the space that exists between the furrows of each plot, with enough space to create the shape of the channel that permits the flow of water over the plastic film.
  • the thickness of the film also depends on the land to which it is applied, and can range from 50 gauges (12.5 microns) to 125 gauges (31.25 microns), having an optimal thickness of 80 gauges (20 microns), although the thickness can vary according to the type of texture and structure of the soil, and the volume of water to transport, to avoid tearing. This results in a plastic film with sufficient resistance and durability for different types of terrain, or different films according to the type of terrain to which it will be applied.
  • the perforations can have different shapes, such as polygons, irregulars, ovals, or other diverse forms.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plant from a portion of plastic film which includes frangible sections that come off to create perforations in another of its modalities.
  • the plastic film 1 instead of perforations, includes frangible circular sections 3 defined by a succession of small perforations or cuts 4 , which come off to create successive, alternating, or discontinuous perforations through which water is distributed to the root system of the crops, according to the type of crop and the required amounts of water; said plastic film 1 is installed in the valleys formed between the furrows, making a channel to transport irrigation water.
  • frangible sections are removable, as desired, to generate perforations in the film through which water is distributed to the land directly to the root system of cultivated plants, so that the soil is moistened uniformly.
  • FIG. 3 shows a conventional perspective of the plastic film for the flood system of irrigation by channels in the furrows of the cultivated plots, illustrating the installation of the film with a machine installed on a tractor.
  • the plastic film 1 is installed in the valleys 5 between the furrows 6 forming a channel to transport irrigation water 7 and with its lateral edges 8 buried in the sides of the furrows 6 covering the entire valleys and part of the sides of the furrow 6 , with the cultivated plants an the ridge of the furrow 6 .
  • the film 1 should be buried along its edges 8 in the sides of the furrows 6 and the width that is buried is in accordance with the type of soil; although this preferably ranges from 2 cm to 5 cm. and 3 cm on each side is optimal, and ensures that the plastic does not become unburied and that it is easy to remove at the end of the crop cycle.
  • the plastic film 1 is installed with a machine that consists of an attachment 9 that is mounted to a tractor 10 , where the rolls 11 of plastic film are mounted and unrolled using a mechanism of wheels 12 that turn to unroll the film and a mechanism of lateral disks 13 that press the side edges of the plastic film 1 against the furrow, burying the edges in the sides of the furrows 6 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a cultivated plot with the plastic film installed in the valleys or channels between furrows, for the distribution of water to the root system.
  • the plastic film 1 is installed in the valleys 5 between the furrows 6 to form a channel 7 which guides the flow of water 14 for flood irrigation by gravity, with its side edges 8 buried in the sides of the furrows 6 , completely covering the valleys 5 and part of the sides of the furrows 6 , with the cultivated plants 15 on the ridge of the furrows 6 .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US12/681,305 2007-10-02 2007-11-27 Flood irrigation system by channels using plastic film Abandoned US20100239372A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXMX/A/2007/012241 2007-10-02
MX2007012241A MX2007012241A (es) 2007-10-02 2007-10-02 Sistema de riego rodado por canal con pelicula plastica.
PCT/MX2007/000143 WO2009045086A1 (es) 2007-10-02 2007-11-27 Sistema de riego rodado por canal con película plástica

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US20100239372A1 true US20100239372A1 (en) 2010-09-23

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US12/681,305 Abandoned US20100239372A1 (en) 2007-10-02 2007-11-27 Flood irrigation system by channels using plastic film

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US (1) US20100239372A1 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0721782A2 (es)
CO (1) CO6251198A2 (es)
CR (1) CR9806A (es)
DO (1) DOP2010000048A (es)
GT (1) GT200800010A (es)
MX (1) MX2007012241A (es)
NI (1) NI201000045A (es)
WO (1) WO2009045086A1 (es)

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130209172A1 (en) * 2010-10-13 2013-08-15 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface Barrier Retention System and Methods Related Thereto
CN109644660A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-04-19 浙江大学 一种大蒜水肥一体化灌溉系统及控制方法
CN110268928A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2019-09-24 吉林省农业科学院 一种玉米套种地膜覆盖机
CN110915597A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-27 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 一种基于窄株宽行栽培的烤烟高效灌溉方法
US11432478B2 (en) 2017-02-14 2022-09-06 Norseman Machinery Imports Pty Ltd Film deployer, improved trash whipper and improved planter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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MX2009006121A (es) * 2009-06-09 2009-10-28 Flores Ian Jorge Garcia De Alb Sistema de riego con pelicula plastica aplicada en surcos de cultivos para captar agua de lluvia o agua precipitada por sistemas de riego que simulan lluvia y método de instalación.
CN110741796A (zh) * 2019-12-06 2020-02-04 上海离草科技有限公司 基于机械单向可调阀门的多层潮汐灌溉系统

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US1787902A (en) * 1929-07-02 1931-01-06 Herfort Herman John Mulch-paper-laying machine
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130209172A1 (en) * 2010-10-13 2013-08-15 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface Barrier Retention System and Methods Related Thereto
AU2011316036B2 (en) * 2010-10-13 2016-01-14 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto
US9615518B2 (en) * 2010-10-13 2017-04-11 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto
AU2016202365B2 (en) * 2010-10-13 2017-09-28 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto
AU2016202365C1 (en) * 2010-10-13 2018-03-29 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto
US10561082B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2020-02-18 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto
US11432478B2 (en) 2017-02-14 2022-09-06 Norseman Machinery Imports Pty Ltd Film deployer, improved trash whipper and improved planter
CN109644660A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-04-19 浙江大学 一种大蒜水肥一体化灌溉系统及控制方法
CN110268928A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2019-09-24 吉林省农业科学院 一种玉米套种地膜覆盖机
CN113016463A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2021-06-25 吉林省农业科学院 一种玉米种植用地膜覆盖装置
CN113016464A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2021-06-25 吉林省农业科学院 一种地膜覆盖机
CN110915597A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-27 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 一种基于窄株宽行栽培的烤烟高效灌溉方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0721782A2 (pt) 2014-02-18
GT200800010A (es) 2009-03-13
CR9806A (es) 2008-07-11
MX2007012241A (es) 2007-12-06
DOP2010000048A (es) 2010-07-31
NI201000045A (es) 2011-02-16
CO6251198A2 (es) 2011-02-21
WO2009045086A1 (es) 2009-04-09

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