US20100136526A1 - Therapeutic Agent for Neuroblastoma Targeting ARID3b - Google Patents

Therapeutic Agent for Neuroblastoma Targeting ARID3b Download PDF

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US20100136526A1
US20100136526A1 US12/087,017 US8701706A US2010136526A1 US 20100136526 A1 US20100136526 A1 US 20100136526A1 US 8701706 A US8701706 A US 8701706A US 2010136526 A1 US2010136526 A1 US 2010136526A1
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arid3b
neuroblastoma
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Takumi Era
Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
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RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition for treating neuroblastoma which contains an ARID3b inhibitor.
  • Neuroblastoma is a disease that frequently occurs principally in children of five years old or younger, and of which the frequency is the highest among solid tumors in infants.
  • amplification of MYCN oncogene, deletion of chromosome 1p and the like are known.
  • the current therapy is not effective for many of cases of patients of one year old or older having highly advanced tumors, or cases with the above-mentioned amplification of MYCN oncogene or deletion of chromosome 1p.
  • Non-patent Document 1 Non-patent Document 1
  • ARID3b knock-out (KO) mouse during the course of studies on differentiation-induction of mesodermal cells and mesenchymal cells using an in vitro differentiation system for mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • ARID3b is a molecule of unknown function of which the expression pattern is similar to that of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor molecule.
  • PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
  • the ADID3b molecule is a protein that belongs to a group of molecules that have a DNA-binding motif called AT rich interacting domain.
  • the gene encoding this protein forms a subfamily with another gene for ARID3a.
  • the gene encoding human ARID3b was cloned, and ARID3b was shown to be a protein that binds to retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) (Non-patent Document 2), although its function has been unknown.
  • Rb retinoblastoma gene product
  • Non-patent Document 1 Brodeur, G. M. et al., Nature Reviews Cancer, 3:203-216 (2003)
  • Non-patent Document 2 Numata, S. et al., Cancer Res., 59:3741-3747 (1999)
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a composition for treating neuroblastoma.
  • ARID3b molecule is expressed in cranial mesenchymal cells, and is important for their survival.
  • the present inventors have further found that ARID3b molecule is expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines with high frequency, and is involved in canceration of cells. Thus, the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention relates to the following:
  • a composition for treating neuroblastoma which contains an ARID3b inhibitor
  • composition according to [1], wherein the ARID3b inhibitor is an antisense oligonucleotide or an siRNA for ARID3b mRNA;
  • a method of screening for an ARID3b inhibitor comprising measuring an activity of inhibiting ARID3b;
  • a method of suppressing neuroblastoma comprising inhibiting ARID3b;
  • a method of diagnosing neuroblastoma comprising measuring an expression level of ARID3b in a cell;
  • a kit for determining neuroblastoma which contains at least an antibody against ARID3b or an oligonucleotide that is capable of annealing to an ARID3b-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto;
  • oligonucleotide contains a sequence of consecutive 15 to 100 nucleotides selected from an ARID3b-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto;
  • kit according to [13] which further contains an antibody against MYCN or an oligonucleotide that is capable of annealing to an MYCN-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto.
  • the present invention provides a composition for treating neuroblastoma which contains an ARID3b inhibitor.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates expression of ARID3b mRNA in neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates expression of ARID3b mRNA in various cancer cell lines.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates influence of forced expression of ARID3b on growth ability.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates influence of forced expression of ARID3b on colony formation ability.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates influence of forced expression of ARID3b on colony formation ability.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates survival rates of immunodeficient mice after cell transplantation.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates influence of forced expression of ARID3b on canceration of primary cultured cells.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates influence of an antisense oligonucleotide for ARID3b on growth of neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates influence of an siRNA for ARID3b on growth of a neuroblastoma cell line.
  • FIG. 5C illustrates the relationship between growth suppression by an antisense oligonucleotide and apoptosis induction.
  • neuroblastoma refers to malignant tumor of an undifferentiated cell that differentiates to a neural cell (neuroblast).
  • a neuroblastoma cell line refers to a cell line that is derived from neuroblastoma and exhibits a characteristic of neuroblastoma. Examples of neuroblastoma cell lines include SH-SY5Y, TGW, CHP-126, NBLS and IMR.
  • ARID3b protein is a protein that belongs to a group of molecules that have a DNA-binding motif called AT rich interacting domain and binds to retinoblastoma gene product (Rb).
  • the expression pattern of ARID3 gene is similar to that of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor molecule.
  • PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
  • the amino acid sequence of human ARID3b protein and the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the same are disclosed in Non-patent Document 2 and registered at GenBank under accession number NM — 006465.
  • sequence of the coding region in the nucleotide sequence of human ARID3b gene available from GenBank accession number NM — 006465 and the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence are shown in SEQ ID NOS:8 and 9, respectively.
  • the present inventors have shown that expression levels of ARID3b mRNA are increased in neuroblastoma cell lines, and that the growth of a neuroblastoma cell line is suppressed and the malignancy is decreased by allowing an antisense oligonucleotide, an siRNA or the like to act on ARID3b mRNA.
  • ARID3b is involved in at least a part of neuroblastomas, and such neuroblastomas can be treated by inhibiting ARID3b.
  • the disease stages of neuroblastoma are classified into stage I, stage IIa, stage II (IIb), stage III, stage IV and stage IVs according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) that represents the degree of progress.
  • INSS International Neuroblastoma Staging System
  • ARID3b Since correlation between ARID3b expression and stage IV is observed, it is possible that inhibition of ARID3b is particularly effective against neuroblastoma at stage IV. Furthermore, since forced expression of ARID3b in primary cultured fibroblasts results in canceration of the normal cells, it is possible that inhibition of ARID3b is effective also for treatment of caners other than neuroblastoma.
  • the present invention provides a composition for treating neuroblastoma which contains an ARID3b inhibitor, a method of screening for an ARID3b inhibitor comprising measuring an activity of inhibiting ARID3b, and a method of suppressing neuroblastoma comprising inhibiting ARID3b.
  • an ARID3b inhibitor refers to a substance that has an activity of inhibiting ARID3b.
  • the activity of inhibiting ARID3b may be either an activity of inhibiting expression of ARID3b or an activity of inhibiting an action of ARID3b.
  • expression encompasses transcription of a gene into an mRNA and translation of an mRNA into a protein.
  • the inhibition of expression according to the present invention encompasses inhibition of expression at the transcriptional level and inhibition of expression at the translational level.
  • the ARID3b inhibitor which has an activity of inhibiting expression of ARID3b may be any substance that inhibits transcription into ARID3b mRNA or translation into ARID3b protein.
  • ARID3b inhibitors include antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs and ribozymes for ARID3b mRNA.
  • a substance that acts on a transcription regulatory system for ARID3b gene to inhibit transcription into ARID3b mRNA can be used according to the present invention.
  • such a substance can be obtained by treating an ARID3b-expressing cell line with test substances and selecting a substance that decreases the amount of ARID3b mRNA or the amount of ARID3b protein, or a substance that suppresses the growth of the cell line.
  • an ARID3b-expressing cell line the above-mentioned neuroblastoma cell line or a cell in which expression of ARID3b is modified as described below can be used.
  • ARID3b protein is known to bind to Rb. Furthermore, it has been shown by the present inventors, using increases in growth ability and colony formation ability as indexes, that high expression of ARID3b results in increased malignancy of a neuroblastoma cell line. Thus, an activity of inhibiting an action of ARID3b can be confirmed based on ability of ARID3b protein to bind to Rb, suppression of growth ability of a cell, or the like. For example, a substance that binds to ARID3b protein or Rb to inhibit the binding of ARID3b protein to Rb can be used as an ARID3b inhibitor. Thus, antibodies against ARID3b protein obtained using conventional methods (including polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments) can be used as ARID3b inhibitors.
  • the method of suppressing neuroblastoma of the present invention comprises inhibiting ARID3b.
  • this method is effective in studying the function of ARID3b protein or elucidating the mechanism of neuroblastoma onset.
  • ARID3b is inhibited by inhibiting expression or an action of ARID3b, for example, by in vivo or in vitro addition or administration of an ARID3b inhibitor.
  • Subjects include mammals (including human or not including human) and cells derived from mammals.
  • the present invention provides a method of diagnosing neuroblastoma comprising measuring an expression level of ARID3b in a cell.
  • expression of ARID3b is involved in at least a part of neuroblastomas. Therefore, it is possible to characterize neuroblastoma based on higher ARID3b expression as compared with that in normal cells by measuring the amount of ARID3b mRNA or a translation product thereof (ARID3b protein).
  • the amount of ARID3b mRNA can be measured using a method known in the art such as Northern blot hybridization or quantitative RT-PCR.
  • a probe for detection, a primer for amplification or the like to be used in such a method can be designed, for example, based on the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the amount of ARID3b protein can be measured using a method known in the art such as ELISA or immunohistochemical staining using an antibody, which is prepared according to a conventional method, against ARID3b protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 or a part thereof.
  • Examination of expression of ARID3b and MYCN in various tumors has shown that determination as neuroblastoma is highly possible if expression of both ARID3b and MYCN oncogene is detected.
  • MYCN MYCN in addition to ARID3b.
  • An expression level of MYCN can be measured by determining the amount of the transcription product (MYCN mRNA) or the translation product (MYCN protein) of MYCN oncogene. Furthermore, since correlation between ARID3b expression and neuroblastoma at stage IV is observed as described above, it is possible to diagnose the disease stage of neuroblastoma by measuring an expression level of ARID3b.
  • the present invention provides a cell in which expression of ARID3b is modified and an animal in which expression of ARID3b is modified. It has been found by the present inventors that malignancy of a cell is increased and a primary cultured cell is immortalized by enhancing (forcing) expression of ARID3b in a neuroblastoma cell line and a primary cultured cell. Thus, malignancy of a cell can be modified by artificially modifying expression of ARID3b in the cell.
  • modifying expression refers to decreasing or increasing the expression level as compared with the inherent one, enabling expression regulation that is different from the inherent one, or the like.
  • expression of ARID3b can be modified by introducing a vector for expressing ARID3b protein, introducing a vector for expressing an antisense for ARID3b mRNA, or altering an expression regulatory region for ARID3b gene of a host cell.
  • Recombinant DNA techniques used for such a procedure including construction of an expression vector and introduction of the same into a cell are known in the art.
  • it is possible to obtain an animal in which expression of ARID3b is modified by making a transgenic animal, a clone animal or the like from a germ cell or a somatic cell in which expression of ARID3b is modified according to a conventional method.
  • Such a cell or an animal is useful in screening for an ARID3b inhibitor, studying the function of ARID3b protein, elucidating the mechanism of neuroblastoma onset, and the like.
  • the present invention provides a kit for determining neuroblastoma, which contains at least an antibody against ARID3b, or an oligonucleotide that is capable of annealing to an ARID3b-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto.
  • This kit can be used for the above-mentioned method of diagnosing neuroblastoma.
  • the above-mentioned antibody can be used as the antibody against ARID3b.
  • it is preferably mRNA.
  • the oligonucleotide that is capable of annealing to an ARID3b-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto may be either a probe for detection or a primer for amplification, and it may be DNA, RNA or a mixture thereof (chimeric oligonucleotide). There is no specific limitation concerning the length of the oligonucleotide as long as the oligonucleotide is capable of specifically annealing to an ARID3b-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto.
  • the oligonucleotide contains a sequence of consecutive 10 nucleotides or more, preferably 15 nucleotides or more, more preferably 20 nucleotides or more, still more preferably 25 nucleotides or more, and 500 nucleotides or less, preferably 200 nucleotides or less, more preferably 100 nucleotides or less, still more preferably 50 nucleotides or less selected from an ARID3b-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto.
  • an oligonucleotide that contains a sequence of consecutive 15 to 100 nucleotides selected from an ARID3b-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto can be preferably used.
  • kits of the present invention may further contain an antibody against MYCN, or an oligonucleotide that is capable of annealing to an MYCN-encoding gene or a sequence complementary thereto.
  • ARID3b mRNA was examined for five neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • SH-SY5Y ATCC CRL-2266
  • TGW Iwasaki, I. et al., Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 49:438-444 (2002)
  • CHP-126 Schotham, H. R. et al., Cancer Res., 36:3094-3100 (1976)
  • NBLS and IMR ATCC CCL-127 were used as neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia, ATCC CCL-243 was used as a control.
  • a medium consisting of 45% Dulbecco's minimum essential medium (D-MEM, Invitrogen), 45% Ham's F-12 medium (Invitrogen) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, JRL) was used for the cultivation of neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • a medium consisting of 90% D-MEM and 10% FBS was used for other cell lines.
  • RNA was extracted from each cell line according to a conventional method, and subjected to Northern blot hybridization using human ARID3b DNA (SEQ ID NO:8) as a probe. Detection of actin mRNA was carried out in a similar manner. The results are shown in FIG. 1A . As shown in FIG. 1A , although the expression levels of ARID3b mRNA varied depending on the cell lines, bands of about 4.2 kbp which represent the expression of ARID3b mRNA were observed for all of the neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia, ATCC CCL-240
  • HeLa S3 cervical cancer, ATCC CCL-2.2
  • K-562 chronic myelogenous leukemia, ATCC CCL-243
  • MOLT-4 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ATCC CRL-1582
  • Raji L3, Burkitt's lymphoma, ATCC CCL-86
  • SW480 colon cancer, ATCC CCL-228)
  • A549 lung cancer, ATCC CCL-185)
  • G-391 melanoma
  • ARID3b mRNA was significantly expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • Colonies (greater than 2 mm in diameter) formed by the cells were counted. The results are shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C . As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C , the colony formation ability was significantly increased when ARID3b was forcibly expressed as compared with the case of vector alone.
  • Example 2 Influence of forced expression of ARID3b on canceration of a primary cultured cell was examined using senescence and immortalization during passage cultures as indexes.
  • the retrovirus having human ARID3b DNA being inserted used in Example 2 was used to infect mouse primary cultured fibroblasts isolated from a fetus.
  • a medium consisting of 90% D-MEM and 10% FBS was used for the cultivation of primary cultured fibroblasts.
  • the cells were passaged at intervals of two or three days by washing with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Invitrogen), detaching from dishes using 0.05% (w/v) trypsin-EDTA (Invitrogen), and diluting 5-fold.
  • PBS Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline
  • trypsin-EDTA Invitrogen
  • the cells were counted upon passages.
  • the results are shown in FIG. 4 .
  • diamonds ( ⁇ ) represent results of infection with the retrovirus having ARID3b DNA being inserted and squares ( ⁇ ) represent results of infection with the vector without the insert DNA.
  • FIG. 4 when the primary cultured fibroblasts infected with the vector alone were passaged eight times or more, an arrest of division probably due to senescence and cell death associated therewith were observed, and further passage was difficult.
  • CHP-126S for which low expression of ARID3b mRNA was confirmed in Example 1, was used as a neuroblastoma cell line.
  • Antisense oligonucleotides ARID3b AS1 AS1, SEQ ID NO:1)
  • ARID3b AS3 AS3, SEQ ID NO:2
  • ARID3b AS5 AS5, SEQ ID NO:3
  • oligonucleotides ARID3b AS5 scramble-1 (scramble-1, SEQ ID NO:4)
  • ARID3b AS5 scramble-2 for which the sense sequence of AS5 was randomly rearranged were synthesized as controls.
  • 2′-O,4′-C-methylene bridged nucleic acid was partially used for the syntheses of the respective oligonucleotides.
  • ARID3b RNAi(5)S (sense) SEQ ID NO:6
  • ARID3b RNAi(5)A (antisense) SEQ ID NO:7
  • results of experiments using the antisense oligonucleotides are shown in FIG. 5A .
  • the antisense oligonucleotide AS5 for ARID3b mRNA was introduced into the neuroblastoma cell line CHP-126, significant growth suppression was observed as compared with the mock, or scramble-1 or scramble-2 as a control. In particular, AS5 suppressed the growth of the cell line.
  • Similar experiments can be carried out using the antisense oligonucleotide ARID3b AS1 (AS1, SEQ ID NO:1) or ARID3b AS3 (AS3, SEQ ID NO:2).
  • the growth-suppressive effect of the antisense oligonucleotide AS5 on CHP-126 cells was examined by flow cytometry analysis after staining the cells with 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), which is a DNA-staining dye which represents cell growth, and phycoerythrin-conjugated annexin (annexin-PE), which represents cells undergoing apoptosis.
  • 7-AAD 7-aminoactinomycin D
  • annexin-PE phycoerythrin-conjugated annexin
  • Affymetrix detection calls were calculated from raw data using affy module in bioconductor suite (http://www.bioconductor.org/) (Gentleman, R. C. et al., Genome Biol., 5:R80 (2004)).
  • the normal group was composed of 602 samples. Although they were obtained from a wide variety of different tissues and cell types, they were processed as a single group in the analysis. The respective samples were classified according to the tumor types. Depending on the information available from the respective data suppliers, the accuracy of tumor classification may vary among the tumor sets.
  • the expression sample number was counted judging “present” and “marginal” calls as “detected”.
  • p value was calculated using hypergeometric distribution.
  • the p value depends on both the ratio of positive samples and the sample number for the tumor type.
  • the p value is within a range of 0 to 1.
  • a value close to 1 represents nonspecific expression, and a value close to 0 represents specific expression.
  • a case was determined to show a significant relationship when the p value was less than 0.0019 (0.05/26 (number of tumor types)).
  • Expression of MYCN and ARID3b was examined using probe sets 209757_s_at and 218964_at, respectively. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the present invention provides a composition for treating neuroblastoma which contains an ARID3b inhibitor.
  • Antisense oligonucleotide for ARID3b designated as ARID3b AS1; nucleotides 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19 and 20 are 2′-O,4′-C-methylene bridged nucleic acids (BNAs)
  • Antisense oligonucleotide for ARID3b designated as ARID3b AS3; nucleotides 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 13 and 16 are 2′-O,4′-C-methylene bridged nucleic acids (BNAs)
  • Antisense oligonucleotide for ARID3b designated as ARID3b AS5; nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13 and 20 are 2′-O,4′-C-methylene bridged nucleic acids (BNAs)
  • SEQ ID NO:5 Oligonucleotide designated as ARID3b AS5 scramble-2; nucleotides 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14 and 16 are 2′-O,4′-C-methylene bridged nucleic acids (BNAs)

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US12/087,017 2005-12-26 2006-12-21 Therapeutic Agent for Neuroblastoma Targeting ARID3b Abandoned US20100136526A1 (en)

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