US20100006297A1 - Pipe string device for conveying a fluid from a well head to a vessel - Google Patents
Pipe string device for conveying a fluid from a well head to a vessel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100006297A1 US20100006297A1 US12/373,628 US37362807A US2010006297A1 US 20100006297 A1 US20100006297 A1 US 20100006297A1 US 37362807 A US37362807 A US 37362807A US 2010006297 A1 US2010006297 A1 US 2010006297A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- pipe string
- string assembly
- sea
- well head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/12—Conveying liquids or viscous products by pressure of another fluid
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/12—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using drilling pipes with plural fluid passages, e.g. closed circulation systems
Definitions
- the present inventor has recognized that, during the drilling for and the recovery of petroleum, it is often necessary to use a well fluid which is adapted for the conditions in the well with respect to, by way of example only and not by way of limitation, density and viscosity, among other things. It is common, for example, to use drilling fluid having a density of approximately 1.6 kg/l.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,745,851 discloses a pump-operated solution which can recover and recirculate drilling fluid.
- the present inventor has recognised that during drilling at great depths offshore, the head from the drilling vessel down to the well formation may become so great that drilling fluid penetrates into the formation. Such a flow of drilling fluid into the formation is sometimes undesirable because, for example, relatively expensive drilling fluid is lost, and because an inflow of this kind may reduce the future productivity of a well.
- a method which is sometimes utilized in offshore wells involves pumping drilling fluid, as it is returning from the borehole, out at the well head on the sea floor, then flowing it back to the vessel via a separate pipe.
- the static pressure in the borehole can be controlled, for example, by controlling the liquid head in the riser, if such is installed, between the well head and vessel.
- NO Patent 319213 discloses a method directed towards controlling the liquid pressure in the well by filling the upper portion of the riser with a fluid having a different density relative to the density of the drilling fluid.
- the present inventor has recognised that at relatively great sea depths, at which the return pipe necessarily is long, the necessary pump pressure at the sea floor is relatively high because of the density and viscosity of the drilling fluid. It is difficult to achieve the necessary flow rate without having to use pipes of a relatively large diameter, which entails increased pipe weight and thereby considerably higher investment costs.
- the present invention relates to a pipe string. More particularly, it relates to a pipe string for conveying a fluid from a well head to a vessel, in which, for technical reasons, the fluid located in the pipe string is to be given a flow boost, and in which the pipe string is provided along its length with at least one injection point for a driving fluid.
- the injection point may be formed by a fluid-operated ejector.
- the invention also includes a method of using the device.
- a pipe string for conveying a fluid from a well head to a vessel, in which the fluid located in the pipe string is to be given a flow boost, wherein the pipe string is provided along its length with at least one injection point for a driving fluid.
- the injection point may comprise a fluid-operated ejector.
- One or more such injection points can be disposed at suitable intervals along the pipe string from the sea floor and up to the vessel.
- the pipe string forms a separate flow path relative to a possible riser, in some embodiments.
- a possible ejector located above will relieve the ejector located below, so that this ejector starts a flow feeding the ejector located above with fluid.
- a pump may be arranged which pumps the fluid through the pipe string, wherein one or more ejectors at the upper portion of the pipe string form auxiliary apparatuses for a sufficient flow rate through the pipe string to be achieved.
- the driving fluid has a lower density than the fluid located in the pipe string.
- the overall liquid pressure within the fluid string at the sea floor will be reduced.
- the gas may expand as it rises in the pipe string, thereby further reducing the overall liquid pressure within the pipe string at the sea floor.
- the pipe string may be anchored on the sea floor and be provided with buoyancy bodies at its upper portion, and/or may be suspended from the vessel which then carries the weight of the pipe string.
- the device and method according to the invention may provide a satisfactory flow rate in the pipe string, even with the use of a pipe string of a relatively small diameter.
- FIG. 1 schematically presents a vessel which is provided with a pipe string in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically presents the invention in an alternative embodiment.
- a pipe string 1 which is connected at its lower end portion to a well head 2 on the sea floor 4 , and which is connected at its upper end portion to a separator 6 .
- the separator 6 is located on a vessel 8 .
- the vessel 8 is typically working a well 10 , which is in the ground, and is connected to the well 10 by a pipe connection 12 extending through the well head 2 .
- the pipe connection 12 may comprise, in a manner known per se, one or more of drill pipe, marine riser, work riser or other well-intervention tools.
- the pipe string 1 is anchored on the sea floor 4 by an anchor 14 .
- a buoyancy body 18 which is arranged to take the weight of the pipe string 1 .
- the pipe string 1 is provided with fluid-operated ejectors 20 suitably spaced apart, which are supplied with driving fluid from the vessel 8 via at least one driving-fluid pipe 22 .
- the pressurized fluid supply via the driving-fluid pipe 22 from the vessel 8 to the ejectors 20 is opened.
- the flow is started by each ejector 20 supplying the necessary pressure to the fluid until the fluid flows to the next ejector along the pipe string 1 .
- the fluid enters the separator 6 , in which driving gases that may be present are separated from the rest of the fluid before the remaining fluid flows on for treatment in, for example, screening machines, not shown.
- the return pressure at the well head 2 can be controlled by adjusting the driving-fluid pressure into the ejectors 20 .
- a mechanical pump 24 is arranged at the lower portion of the pipe string 1 .
- the ejectors 20 which are arranged at the upper portion of the pipe 1 , are used to increase the flow rate through the pipe string 1 beyond that effected by the pump 24 on its own.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20063269 | 2006-07-14 | ||
NO20063269A NO325931B1 (no) | 2006-07-14 | 2006-07-14 | Anordning og fremgangsmate ved stromningshjelp i en rorledning |
PCT/NO2007/000269 WO2008007973A1 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2007-07-13 | Pipe string device for conveying a fluid from a well head to a vessel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100006297A1 true US20100006297A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
Family
ID=38923461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/373,628 Abandoned US20100006297A1 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2007-07-31 | Pipe string device for conveying a fluid from a well head to a vessel |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100006297A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2041477A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BRPI0714138A2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2657557A1 (es) |
MX (1) | MX2009000458A (es) |
NO (1) | NO325931B1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2008007973A1 (es) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080105434A1 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Offshore Universal Riser System |
US20090166344A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2009-07-02 | Pauli Hamalainen | Method and Apparatus for Short-Arc Welding |
US20110061872A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-17 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Systems and methods for circulating out a well bore influx in a dual gradient environment |
US20110089144A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2011-04-21 | Esab Ab | Device for handling powder for a welding apparatus |
US20110203802A1 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-08-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure control device with remote orientation relative to a rig |
US20110278014A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | William James Hughes | External Jet Pump for Dual Gradient Drilling |
US8162063B2 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-04-24 | Stena Drilling Ltd. | Dual gradient drilling ship |
US8201628B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2012-06-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Wellbore pressure control with segregated fluid columns |
US8281875B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2012-10-09 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure and flow control in drilling operations |
KR101311000B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-09-24 | 주식회사 지앤지테크놀러지 | 지하수 굴착공 국소배출 및 침전 토사 제거를 위한 장치 및 방법 |
US8739863B2 (en) | 2010-11-20 | 2014-06-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Remote operation of a rotating control device bearing clamp |
US8820405B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-09-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Segregating flowable materials in a well |
US8833488B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2014-09-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Automatic standpipe pressure control in drilling |
US9080407B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2015-07-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure and flow control in drilling operations |
US9163473B2 (en) | 2010-11-20 | 2015-10-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Remote operation of a rotating control device bearing clamp and safety latch |
US9249637B2 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2016-02-02 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Dual gradient drilling system |
US9447647B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2016-09-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Preemptive setpoint pressure offset for flow diversion in drilling operations |
US9605507B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2017-03-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | High temperature drilling with lower temperature rated tools |
Citations (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3815673A (en) * | 1972-02-16 | 1974-06-11 | Exxon Production Research Co | Method and apparatus for controlling hydrostatic pressure gradient in offshore drilling operations |
US4063602A (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1977-12-20 | Exxon Production Research Company | Drilling fluid diverter system |
US4291772A (en) * | 1980-03-25 | 1981-09-29 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Drilling fluid bypass for marine riser |
US4738313A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-04-19 | Delta-X Corporation | Gas lift optimization |
US4967843A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1990-11-06 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Device for producing an effluent contained in a submarine geological formation and production method employed using such a device |
US6142236A (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2000-11-07 | Vetco Gray Inc Abb | Method for drilling and completing a subsea well using small diameter riser |
US6216799B1 (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 2001-04-17 | Shell Offshore Inc. | Subsea pumping system and method for deepwater drilling |
US6286602B1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2001-09-11 | Elf Exploration Production | Method for controlling a device for transporting hydrocarbons between production means and a treatment plant |
US6415877B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-07-09 | Deep Vision Llc | Subsea wellbore drilling system for reducing bottom hole pressure |
US6457529B2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2002-10-01 | Abb Vetco Gray Inc. | Apparatus and method for returning drilling fluid from a subsea wellbore |
US6530437B2 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2003-03-11 | Maurer Technology Incorporated | Multi-gradient drilling method and system |
US6536540B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2003-03-25 | De Boer Luc | Method and apparatus for varying the density of drilling fluids in deep water oil drilling applications |
US6668943B1 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2003-12-30 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method and apparatus for controlling pressure and detecting well control problems during drilling of an offshore well using a gas-lifted riser |
US20040065440A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Dual-gradient drilling using nitrogen injection |
US6745851B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2004-06-08 | Agr Services As | Methods and system for processing of drilling fluid |
US6802379B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2004-10-12 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Liquid lift method for drilling risers |
US6814142B2 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-11-09 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Well control using pressure while drilling measurements |
US6843331B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2005-01-18 | De Boer Luc | Method and apparatus for varying the density of drilling fluids in deep water oil drilling applications |
US6877565B2 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2005-04-12 | Agr Services As | Arrangement for the removal of cuttings and gas arising from drilling operations |
US6926101B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2005-08-09 | Deboer Luc | System and method for treating drilling mud in oil and gas well drilling applications |
US6966392B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2005-11-22 | Deboer Luc | Method for varying the density of drilling fluids in deep water oil and gas drilling applications |
US7090036B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2006-08-15 | Deboer Luc | System for drilling oil and gas wells by varying the density of drilling fluids to achieve near-balanced, underbalanced, or overbalanced drilling conditions |
US7093662B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2006-08-22 | Deboer Luc | System for drilling oil and gas wells using a concentric drill string to deliver a dual density mud |
US20070119621A1 (en) * | 2003-11-27 | 2007-05-31 | Agr Subsea As | Method and device for controlling drilling fluid pressure |
US7264058B2 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2007-09-04 | Ocean Riser Systems As | Arrangement and method for regulating bottom hole pressures when drilling deepwater offshore wells |
US7270185B2 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2007-09-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drilling system and method for controlling equivalent circulating density during drilling of wellbores |
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CN1375037A (zh) * | 1999-09-15 | 2002-10-16 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用来提高井中流体流量的系统 |
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US6966367B2 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2005-11-22 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for drilling with a multiphase pump |
NO20033198D0 (no) * | 2003-07-15 | 2003-07-15 | Norway Seafoods As | Anordning ved trål |
GB0407659D0 (en) * | 2004-04-03 | 2004-05-05 | Frontier Engineering Solutions | Method and apparatus |
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2006
- 2006-07-14 NO NO20063269A patent/NO325931B1/no active IP Right Review Request
-
2007
- 2007-07-13 CA CA002657557A patent/CA2657557A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-13 BR BRPI0714138-6A patent/BRPI0714138A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-07-13 MX MX2009000458A patent/MX2009000458A/es unknown
- 2007-07-13 EP EP07793921A patent/EP2041477A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-13 WO PCT/NO2007/000269 patent/WO2008007973A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-07-31 US US12/373,628 patent/US20100006297A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3815673A (en) * | 1972-02-16 | 1974-06-11 | Exxon Production Research Co | Method and apparatus for controlling hydrostatic pressure gradient in offshore drilling operations |
US4063602A (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1977-12-20 | Exxon Production Research Company | Drilling fluid diverter system |
US4291772A (en) * | 1980-03-25 | 1981-09-29 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Drilling fluid bypass for marine riser |
US4738313A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-04-19 | Delta-X Corporation | Gas lift optimization |
US4967843A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1990-11-06 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Device for producing an effluent contained in a submarine geological formation and production method employed using such a device |
US6216799B1 (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 2001-04-17 | Shell Offshore Inc. | Subsea pumping system and method for deepwater drilling |
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US6415877B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-07-09 | Deep Vision Llc | Subsea wellbore drilling system for reducing bottom hole pressure |
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US6648081B2 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2003-11-18 | Deep Vision Llp | Subsea wellbore drilling system for reducing bottom hole pressure |
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Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090166344A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2009-07-02 | Pauli Hamalainen | Method and Apparatus for Short-Arc Welding |
US8033335B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2011-10-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Offshore universal riser system |
US20080105434A1 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Offshore Universal Riser System |
US20110089144A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2011-04-21 | Esab Ab | Device for handling powder for a welding apparatus |
US8704120B2 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2014-04-22 | Esab Ab | Device for handling powder for a welding apparatus |
US20120097643A9 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2012-04-26 | Esab Ab | Device for handling powder for a welding apparatus |
US8281875B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2012-10-09 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure and flow control in drilling operations |
US20110061872A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-17 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Systems and methods for circulating out a well bore influx in a dual gradient environment |
US8517111B2 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2013-08-27 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Systems and methods for circulating out a well bore influx in a dual gradient environment |
US8286730B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2012-10-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure and flow control in drilling operations |
US8397836B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2013-03-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure and flow control in drilling operations |
US9169700B2 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2015-10-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure control device with remote orientation relative to a rig |
US20110203802A1 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-08-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure control device with remote orientation relative to a rig |
US8261826B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2012-09-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Wellbore pressure control with segregated fluid columns |
US8201628B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2012-06-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Wellbore pressure control with segregated fluid columns |
US8820405B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-09-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Segregating flowable materials in a well |
US8403059B2 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-03-26 | Sunstone Technologies, Llc | External jet pump for dual gradient drilling |
US20110278014A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | William James Hughes | External Jet Pump for Dual Gradient Drilling |
US8162063B2 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-04-24 | Stena Drilling Ltd. | Dual gradient drilling ship |
US8739863B2 (en) | 2010-11-20 | 2014-06-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Remote operation of a rotating control device bearing clamp |
US9163473B2 (en) | 2010-11-20 | 2015-10-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Remote operation of a rotating control device bearing clamp and safety latch |
US10145199B2 (en) | 2010-11-20 | 2018-12-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Remote operation of a rotating control device bearing clamp and safety latch |
US8833488B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2014-09-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Automatic standpipe pressure control in drilling |
US9080407B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2015-07-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure and flow control in drilling operations |
US9605507B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2017-03-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | High temperature drilling with lower temperature rated tools |
US9447647B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2016-09-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Preemptive setpoint pressure offset for flow diversion in drilling operations |
US10233708B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 | 2019-03-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Pressure and flow control in drilling operations |
US9249637B2 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2016-02-02 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Dual gradient drilling system |
KR101311000B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-09-24 | 주식회사 지앤지테크놀러지 | 지하수 굴착공 국소배출 및 침전 토사 제거를 위한 장치 및 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2041477A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
BRPI0714138A2 (pt) | 2012-12-25 |
NO20063269L (no) | 2008-01-15 |
WO2008007973A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
CA2657557A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
MX2009000458A (es) | 2009-01-27 |
NO325931B1 (no) | 2008-08-18 |
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