CN1375037A - 用来提高井中流体流量的系统 - Google Patents

用来提高井中流体流量的系统 Download PDF

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CN1375037A
CN1375037A CN00812943A CN00812943A CN1375037A CN 1375037 A CN1375037 A CN 1375037A CN 00812943 A CN00812943 A CN 00812943A CN 00812943 A CN00812943 A CN 00812943A CN 1375037 A CN1375037 A CN 1375037A
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flow
pump
fluid
well
oil pipe
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马克·E·阿莫里
鲁罗夫·达令
卡洛斯·A·格兰德特
罗伯特·N·沃拉尔
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/129—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by fluid supplied from outside the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/128—Adaptation of pump systems with down-hole electric drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

一种能提高流体流入和通过烃产出井的流量的系统,包括一系列流动增压器,例如电驱动或者液压驱动的moineau型容积式泵、离心泵或者是涡轮,来控制和/或推动液体从井排出孔部分的不同区域向井中的产油管中流动。

Description

用来提高井中流体流量的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能提高流体流入和通过烃流体产出井的流量的系统。
背景技术
这样的系统已经被欧洲专利说明书EP0558534和美国专利US5447201所公开。这些现有技术中的系统包括一系列可调节的阀的形式的流量控制装置，用来控制流体从井的排出孔或贮油层流入部分的不同区域流入井中的产油管中。
在公知的系统中，每个阀都能使从排出孔部分的特定区域来的产出物减速，这将降低流体从贮油层流入特定区域的流量。为了平衡流体流入井中的阻力，公知系统装有流动增压器，它安装在井的排出孔部分的产油管的下游。
公知系统的缺点在于井下(downhole)阀由于锈蚀、砂子的流入或盐分、结垢物的沉积会被堵住，一系列阀以及在井中的流动增压器的组合会在井中产生很多易磨损组件，并需要复杂的电力线路装置来操作和控制这些组件。而且只能在从产油管中取出流动增压器后才能取出阀，这样，阀的更换就需要复杂而且昂贵的修井工作，进行这些工作时流动增压器和产油管需要拆卸以便能接触阀。
EP0922835公开了一种多边井，其中泵安装在分支点上来控制不同分支流入到主井孔中的流入量。这种已知的泵挡在了分支的入口，这样维护或测井工具就不能插到分支中，如果在一个井分支中需要维修或者测井的时候，整个生产套管和相应的泵机组必须都从井中移走。
US5881814公开了另一种井中非旁通的多级(non-bypassablemultistage)泵机组。US3741298和US5404943公开的多级泵机组中最底下的泵使得测井或维修工具不能绕过该最底下的泵，而上部的泵单元靠近一个旁通导管并固定在产油管上，这样当泵需要维修或者更换时，整个的油管柱(tubing string)必须移走。
发明内容
本发明就是为了克服上述缺点，并提供一种流动增压器系统，它不会妨碍进入到井最低部分，在该井的最低部分在不拆卸产油管或者衬套的情况下流动增压器可以被单独的移走或者更换。
本发明的系统包括一系列流动增压器，该系列流动增压器控制从井的排出孔部分的不同区域向井中的产油管或衬套中流动的流体的流入速度，流动增压器可回收地设置在产油管或衬套中的侧室内(sidepocket)。
流动增压器最好包括一系列电驱动或者液压驱动的moineau型容积式泵或者是旋转涡轮，它们设置在管状心轴的里面，心轴可回收地设置在产油管或衬套中的侧室中。
最好每个泵都带有用来测量通过泵的流体的流速和/或成分的传感器，泵的速率可以根据流体的流速和/或成分是否明显偏离了所需的流速和/或成分来自动或者手动调整。
产油管最好穿过排出孔部分并被环形流入区域包围，井下泵可以分散在上述流入区域的整个长度上，这样每个流动增压器就从流入区域抽取流体并将流体送到产油管中。最好在上述环形流入区域中设有一个或多个环形隔绝封隔器以创造一个环形流入区域，在该流入区域中有很多液力隔绝排出孔部分，很多流动增压器从多个上述区域中抽取流体。环形隔绝封隔器最好是可膨胀的橡胶封隔器或者胶凝材料的环状体，它们被注射进入位于相邻一对泵之间中途位置的环状空间内。
附图说明
下面将介绍本发明一个示范性的优选实施例，参照下列附图：
图1是带有本发明系统的烃生产井的纵向剖面示意图；
图2是图1中系统的一个流动增压器的放大图。
具体实施方式
图1表示的是一个产油井1，其中产油管2穿过一个基本上水平的排出孔部分3，并带有三个流动增压器4，增压器的作用是将流体从一个环形流入区域5的不同部分中泵送通过在产油管2壁面上的三个纵向间隔的孔6。
井1还包括一个被环形凝结体8凝结定位的井外壳7。在外壳的下端靠近外壳靴(casing shoe)10的地方通过衬套支架11固定了一个有槽的生产衬套9。
产油管通过一系列封隔器12可回收地设置在外壳7和衬套9中。
一个电力、光纤和/或液力和信号传送导管13捆扎在产油管2的外表面上。
如图2所示，每个流动增压器是电驱动的moineau型泵或者离心泵，每个泵15的转子14直接固定在异步电动机17的输出轴16上，异步电动机的转子部分包括一个或多个永磁体，定子部分18包括螺旋形的电导管(coiled electrical conduit)19，工作时电导管能产生一个旋转电磁场。
螺旋形电导管19通过一个或多个湿式的可配合的电感应连接器(wet mateable induction electrical connector)与电力和信号传送导管13连接起来。
每个泵15和发动机17都设置在一个管状的心轴21中，心轴可回收地设置在产油管2中侧室22中。
每个心轴21带有用来测量流过孔6和泵15的流体的流速和成分的传感器(未示出)，传感器与一个控制单元连接，控制单元能对流速或成分偏离所需的参考流速和/或成分的偏离量起反应并根据该偏离来调节发动机旋转的速度。
由于很多情况下在一个长的水平排出孔部分中的压差，流体在这个区域跟部(heel)的流入量会大于前端(toe)的流入量。
这样，最好在井1前端的流动增压器4的泵的速率要大于在井的中部的流动增压器4的泵的速率，最好在井中部的流动增压器4的泵的速率要大于在井跟部的流动增压器4的泵的速率。这样，一系列流动增压器4就可以抵消在排出孔部分的压力差，这样就可以在排出孔部分整个长度上获得更一致的液面降低(drawdown)，因此增加从给定贮油层的产量。
每个流动增压器4都带有一个单向阀(未示出)，例如瓣阀，以防止在泵不工作的时候液体从产油管2中流回到周围环状空间5中。
每个管状心轴21可以是肾形或椭圆形以便可以在其内使用更大的泵和发动机以及传感器和控制单元。
发动机输出扭矩和速度以及在经过每个泵15时压力差都可以被测量，因为对于轴流泵来说这与油/气/水混合流体的密度和流体粘度有关。
油/气/水混合流体或乳状液的密度和粘度也可以通过在井下压力和温度下的表面试验而测出，试验时流体试样已被混合以模拟井下条件。这样被每个泵15泵送的混合流体就可以根据井下数据被推断出。可以通过被绕组温度更正的它井下反向电磁场(downhole backelectromagnetic field)(大小和相位)来计算发动机输出扭矩。
如果井1是一口油井，并且不希望气体流入，泵15就可以设计成能在气体流入时失速(stall)或者功率减弱。
电动机17的旋转速度可以变化来优化从整个排出孔部分3中出来的油的总流量。泵13可以转变为允许选择的一定量的气体被泵送到产油管2中以在产油管2中的垂直上部创造一个气举(gas lift)。
智能和控制系统可以设置在井下或者在表面或者分散布置。
电导管13可以是单个导管或者是导管束，或者包括一个可拆卸的在井下支架(hanger)11中连接装置井眼和仪表连接器。
如果一个或多个泵15是被液力发动机驱动的，或者由喷射泵构成的，就可以通过向泵15或发动机中注射处理化学品来驱动发动机或者泵，例如乳化剂、H2S净化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、除垢剂、Shellswim(一种壳牌商标)或者这些流体的混合物。在井口和井下泵及发动机组件之间延伸的液力导管(hydraulic conduit)也可以用来将润滑油注入到泵和发动机轴承装置中。
泵15的速率可以是周期性变化，这样油进入产油管2中的油的最大降低(drawdown)点就会在流入区域的下端和上端之间连续的上下运动。这样流入井中的周期性变化减少了在生产过程中发生水或气锥(water orgas coning)的危险。

Claims (10)

1.一种能提高流体流入和通过烃流体产出井的流量的系统，该系统包括一系列流量控制装置来控制从井的贮油层流入部分或排出孔部分的不同区域向井中的产油管中流动的流体流量，该系列流量控制装置由一系列流动增压器构成，流动增压器可回收地设置在产油管或衬套中的侧室中。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：产油管或衬套穿过排出孔部分并被环形流入区域包围，井下泵可以分散在上述流入区域的整个长度上，以便每个流动增压器从环形流入区域抽取流体并将流体送到产油管或衬套中。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于：在上述环形流入区域中设有一个或多个环形隔绝封隔器来创造环形流入区域，在该流入区域中有很多个液力隔绝的排出孔区域，多个流动增压器从多个上述区域中抽取流体。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：流动增压器是被电动机或液力发动机驱动的容积式泵或旋转涡轮。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于流动增压器是电驱动moineau型容积式泵，该泵的转子直接连接在异步电动机输出轴上，该异步电动机具有包括一个或多个永磁体的转子部分。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的系统，其特征在于：流动增压器和发动机都设置在一个管状的心轴中，该心轴可回收地设置在生产衬套或产油管的侧室中，发动机通过一个或多个湿式的可配合的电连接器与沿上述衬套或产油管而过的电导体连接起来。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于在每个心轴中设有压力、温度和/或流体成分传感器，这些传感器连接到每个流动增压器的流速控制系统中，以便如果所测量的流速明显大于一个或多个其它流动增压器的流速或者如果所生产的流体包括大量水、沙子或者其他不需要的流体，例如该井为产油井而流体中有气的话，该流动增压器的泵的速率就会受到抑制。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于流动增压器是喷射泵或气举(gas lift)装置。
9.操作权利要求1所述系统的方法，其中流动增压器在使用中受到控制，以便每个增压器的泵的速率在最大值和最小值之间周期性变化，而不同流动增压器的泵的速率变化彼此异相。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：不同流动增压器的泵速率是周期性变化的，以便进入井的流入区中的最大流入量点在所述流入区域的下端和上端之间周期性移动。
CN00812943A 1999-09-15 2000-09-15 用来提高井中流体流量的系统 Pending CN1375037A (zh)

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US6619402B1 (en) 2003-09-16
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