US2009278A - Process for treating metals to prevent spotting out - Google Patents
Process for treating metals to prevent spotting out Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2009278A US2009278A US579860A US57986031A US2009278A US 2009278 A US2009278 A US 2009278A US 579860 A US579860 A US 579860A US 57986031 A US57986031 A US 57986031A US 2009278 A US2009278 A US 2009278A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- treating
- metal
- spotting out
- water
- lacquering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 gray iron castings Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
Definitions
- An object of this invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for prevention of this spotting out.
- Fig. 2 is a partial similar section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3 of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 4. is a front elevation of a rack for this apparatus.
- the embodiment illustrated comprises a suitable receptacle lO having a tight central partition ll dividing the receptacle into upper and lower compartments I 2 and I3, respectively.
- the partition I l is provided with an opening M which is normally closed by means of a plug l5 which is carried in suitable guides 16, and extends near the top part of the upper compartment l2 so that the plug may be raised and lowered so as to open communication between the two compartments.
- the lower compartment is provided with a vent I! to the atmosphere at a point near the top of the upper compartment.
- the upper compartment is covered by means of a lid I8 which is hinged at 19 and provided with a handle 20.
- This lid is free to swing so as to substantially completely uncover the top compartment, in the top of which is suspended a suitable rack 2
- a heating coil 23 is located near the bottom of the compartment [2, and this is supplied with steam from a boiler, (not shown) the admission of steam being controlled by means of valves 24 and 25.
- a liquid as A in the bottom of the upper compartment can be heated to the point of vaporization so that its vapors will permeate the space throughout the upper compartment.
- a water pipe 26 is also provided and this is connected through a valve 21 and pipe 28 to a suitable source of cold water supply.
- the pipe 26 carries a series of vertical risers 29, each of which is provided with a series of holes 30 so as to spray water throughout the upper compartment.
- is also connected through a pipe 32 and swivel connection 33 with a suitable source of cold water supply. Drain cocks 34, 35 are provided at the bottom of the upper and lower compartments respectively, so that the contents of either one may be drained off.
- a pump 36 is also connected into the bottom of the lower compartment, the delivery from the pump being through a pipe 31 to the upper compartment.
- a motor 38 serves to drive the pump 36. The operation of this apparatus is as follows:
- a number of metal pieces as B to be finished are suspended from the rack 2
- valve 24 is closed and the valve 25 opened so as to permit the steam to pass out of the coil 23.
- the cover is then opened, the plug i 5 lifted, so as to uncover the opening it, and the liquid in the upper compartment then flows by gravity into the lower compartment.
- the plug I5 is replaced so as to close the opening II, and cold water is then admitted to the upper compartment by opening the valve 21, thus admitting water through the holes 30 and spray 3I.-
- This water collects in the bottom of the upper compartment and is passed off to a drain through the drain cock 34. When this is accomplished this drain cock is closed, some of the liquid from the lower compartment is pumped back into the upper compartment, and this is then heated as before by the admission of steam.
- the metal pieces B. to be treated are alternately heated and chilled, the
- a treating agent consisting of one gallon of lemon juice, as squeezed from lemons, when mixed with ten gallons of water and eight to sixteen ounces of glycerine makes a very satisfactory treating agent when used as above described. It will operate with a fair degree of success without the glycerine, but the addition of the glycerine makes its operation more quick and certain.
- concentrated lemon juice may be used. This is usually concentrated so as to occupy about one-sixth its previous volume,- and when mixed with water only about one-sixth as much of it is used as stated above for the plain lemon juice.
- Citric acid may also be used for this purpose in proportions to make aboutthe same strength of solution. With the addition of cofiee or caffeine to the above mixture also increases the penetrating and neutralizing effects. For this purpose one or two ounces of caffeine should be added to the above mixture.
- a treating agent for treating metal to prevent spotting out comprising a solution in water of a compound from the group of citric acid and lemon juice, and caffeine.
- a treating agent for treating metal to prevent spotting out comprising a solution in water of a compound from the group of citric acid and lemon juice, and glycerine.
- a treating agent for treating metal to pre-, vent spotting out comprising water ten gallons, lemon juice one gallon, and glycerine eight to sixteen ounces.
- a treating agent for treating metal to prevent spotting out comprising water ten gallons
- lemon juice one gallon lemon juice one gallon, glycerine eight to sixteen ounces, and caffeine one ounce.
Description
o. G'. SMIDEL Jul 23, 1935.
PROCESS FOR TREATING METALS TO PREVENT SPOTTING OUT Filed Dec. 9, 1931 Patented July 23, 1935' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROCESS FOR TREATING METALS TO PREVENT SPOTTING OUT 10 Claims.
Heretofore in the plating or treating of metals, such as gray iron castings, malleable castings, sheet metal, white metal, zinc, bronze, and the like, there has been a strong tendency to produce spotting known to the trade as spotting out due probably to the inclusion of certain substances in the pores of the metal from the cyanide or other alkaline solution used during the plating, dipping, or other treating of the metal. This spotting appears some hours, days or weeks after treatment, and is worse in hot, humid weather.
An object of this invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for prevention of this spotting out.
This and other objects, as will hereinafter appear, are accomplished by this invention which is fully described in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawing, in
which- Figure 1 is a vertical section through the apparatus embodying the invention;
Fig. 2 is a partial similar section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3 of Fig. 1; and
Fig. 4. is a front elevation of a rack for this apparatus.
The embodiment illustrated comprises a suitable receptacle lO having a tight central partition ll dividing the receptacle into upper and lower compartments I 2 and I3, respectively. The partition I l is provided with an opening M which is normally closed by means of a plug l5 which is carried in suitable guides 16, and extends near the top part of the upper compartment l2 so that the plug may be raised and lowered so as to open communication between the two compartments. The lower compartment is provided with a vent I! to the atmosphere at a point near the top of the upper compartment.
The upper compartment is covered by means of a lid I8 which is hinged at 19 and provided with a handle 20. This lid is free to swing so as to substantially completely uncover the top compartment, in the top of which is suspended a suitable rack 2| by means of screws 22, or the like. A heating coil 23 is located near the bottom of the compartment [2, and this is supplied with steam from a boiler, (not shown) the admission of steam being controlled by means of valves 24 and 25. Thus a liquid as A in the bottom of the upper compartment can be heated to the point of vaporization so that its vapors will permeate the space throughout the upper compartment.
A water pipe 26 is also provided and this is connected through a valve 21 and pipe 28 to a suitable source of cold water supply. The pipe 26 carries a series of vertical risers 29, each of which is provided with a series of holes 30 so as to spray water throughout the upper compartment. A central spray device 3| is also connected through a pipe 32 and swivel connection 33 with a suitable source of cold water supply. Drain cocks 34, 35 are provided at the bottom of the upper and lower compartments respectively, so that the contents of either one may be drained off. A pump 36 is also connected into the bottom of the lower compartment, the delivery from the pump being through a pipe 31 to the upper compartment. A motor 38 serves to drive the pump 36. The operation of this apparatus is as follows:
A number of metal pieces as B to be finished are suspended from the rack 2|, while a suitable treating agent 0, whichwill hereinafter be described, is placed in the bottom compartment,
- and the motor 31 started so as to pump some of this liquid up into the upper compartment until it assumes some such level as that of A (Fig. 1), the opening [4 being closed. The cover l8 then being shut, steam is admitted through the valve 24 while the valve 25 is left slightly open. This will cause the treating fluid A to be vaporized and the vapors will surround the metal pieces B which are being treated, and these metal pieces have preferably been removed from the plating bath but recently, and have not been polished or finished except perhaps in a very superficial way.
After this steam has been on long enough to bring the liquid A substantially to a slow boil so that vaporization in considerable quantities has taken place, the valve 24 is closed and the valve 25 opened so as to permit the steam to pass out of the coil 23. The cover is then opened, the plug i 5 lifted, so as to uncover the opening it, and the liquid in the upper compartment then flows by gravity into the lower compartment. As soon as this is completed the plug I5 is replaced so as to close the opening II, and cold water is then admitted to the upper compartment by opening the valve 21, thus admitting water through the holes 30 and spray 3I.- This water collects in the bottom of the upper compartment and is passed off to a drain through the drain cock 34. When this is accomplished this drain cock is closed, some of the liquid from the lower compartment is pumped back into the upper compartment, and this is then heated as before by the admission of steam.
Thus it will be seen that the metal pieces B. to be treated are alternately heated and chilled, the
I ing of these pieces in the presence of water vapor will aid materially in dissolving out of the pores of pieces some of the cyanide or other alkaline solutions or spotting material which entered during the plating operation, or otherwise. This action, however, is greatly expedited by the use of a suitable treating agent, which will now be described. I
I have found in practlcethat a treating agent consisting of one gallon of lemon juice, as squeezed from lemons, when mixed with ten gallons of water and eight to sixteen ounces of glycerine makes a very satisfactory treating agent when used as above described. It will operate with a fair degree of success without the glycerine, but the addition of the glycerine makes its operation more quick and certain. If desired, concentrated lemon juice may be used. This is usually concentrated so as to occupy about one-sixth its previous volume,- and when mixed with water only about one-sixth as much of it is used as stated above for the plain lemon juice. Citric acid may also be used for this purpose in proportions to make aboutthe same strength of solution. With the addition of cofiee or caffeine to the above mixture also increases the penetrating and neutralizing effects. For this purpose one or two ounces of caffeine should be added to the above mixture.
The above mixture is non-injurious to the finishes, and the vapors of these substances when hot penetrate the pores of the metal pieces to be finished, and dissolve out the substances which would otherwise cause spotting out. This is greatly aided by alternately heating and cooling the metal piece which probably produces unequal expansion, and thereby permits these substances to penetrate into the pores of the metal. This processing is best done immediately after plating, and before polishing, coloring, finishing, or lacquering. A very distinct advantage of this unit resides in the fact that the hot liquid A, when drained into the lowercompartment, remains hot, and time is thus saved when this liquid is returned to the upper compartment.
While I have shown and described but a few embodiments of my invention, it is to be understood that it is capable of many modifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction and arrangement may be made which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed in the appended claims.
2. The method of treating plated metal pieces I of the class described prior to lacquering to pre- 'vent spotting out, comprising alternately heating and chilling the metal pieces before lacquering in the presence of water vapor, and. vapors of a compound from the class of citric "acid and lemon juice.
3. The method of treating plated metal pieces of the class described prior to lacquering to prevent spotting out, comprising altemately heating and chilling the metal pieces before lacquering in the presence of water vapor, of citric acid, and of caffeine.
4. The method of treating plated metal pieces of the class described prior to lacquering to prevent spotting out, comprising alternately heating and chilling the metal pieces in the presence of water, of vapor, of citric acid, and of glycerine before lacquering.
5. The method of treating plated metal pieces of the class described prior to lacquering to prevent spotting out, comprising alternately subjecting the metal to steam and cold water and drying before lacquering.
6. The method of treating plated metal pieces of the class described prior to lacquering to prevent spotting out, comprising alternately subjecting the metal to steam and the vapors of citric acid and cold water and drying before lacquering.
7. A treating agent for treating metal to prevent spotting out, comprising a solution in water of a compound from the group of citric acid and lemon juice, and caffeine.
8. A treating agent for treating metal to prevent spotting out, comprising a solution in water of a compound from the group of citric acid and lemon juice, and glycerine.
9. A treating agent for treating metal to pre-, vent spotting out, comprising water ten gallons, lemon juice one gallon, and glycerine eight to sixteen ounces.
10. A treating agent for treating metal to prevent spotting out, comprising water ten gallons,
lemon juice one gallon, glycerine eight to sixteen ounces, and caffeine one ounce.
OSCAR G. SMIDJEL.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US579860A US2009278A (en) | 1931-12-09 | 1931-12-09 | Process for treating metals to prevent spotting out |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US579860A US2009278A (en) | 1931-12-09 | 1931-12-09 | Process for treating metals to prevent spotting out |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2009278A true US2009278A (en) | 1935-07-23 |
Family
ID=24318645
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US579860A Expired - Lifetime US2009278A (en) | 1931-12-09 | 1931-12-09 | Process for treating metals to prevent spotting out |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3499792A (en) * | 1965-08-11 | 1970-03-10 | Soniflow Equipment Co | Cleaning method and apparatus |
US3786825A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-01-22 | H Weisner | Acid bath washer apparatus |
US4817652A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1989-04-04 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | System for surface and fluid cleaning |
US4962776A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1990-10-16 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Process for surface and fluid cleaning |
-
1931
- 1931-12-09 US US579860A patent/US2009278A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3499792A (en) * | 1965-08-11 | 1970-03-10 | Soniflow Equipment Co | Cleaning method and apparatus |
US3786825A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-01-22 | H Weisner | Acid bath washer apparatus |
US4817652A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1989-04-04 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | System for surface and fluid cleaning |
US4962776A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1990-10-16 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Process for surface and fluid cleaning |
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