US20090217730A1 - Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus - Google Patents

Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090217730A1
US20090217730A1 US11/917,815 US91781506A US2009217730A1 US 20090217730 A1 US20090217730 A1 US 20090217730A1 US 91781506 A US91781506 A US 91781506A US 2009217730 A1 US2009217730 A1 US 2009217730A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
raw material
guide
forming die
upsetting
insertion hole
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US11/917,815
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English (en)
Inventor
Atsushi Otaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resonac Holdings Corp
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Showa Denko KK
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Priority to US11/917,815 priority Critical patent/US20090217730A1/en
Assigned to SHOWA DENKO K.K. reassignment SHOWA DENKO K.K. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OTAKI, ATSUSHI
Publication of US20090217730A1 publication Critical patent/US20090217730A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J17/00—Forge furnaces
    • B21J17/02—Forge furnaces electrically heated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an upsetting method and an upsetting apparatus for manufacturing various products, such as, e.g., an arm, a connecting rod, or a double-headed piston of compressors for use in vehicles (automobiles or railroad vehicles).
  • various products such as, e.g., an arm, a connecting rod, or a double-headed piston of compressors for use in vehicles (automobiles or railroad vehicles).
  • an upsetting method for radially expanding a diameter expansion scheduled portion of a bar-shaped raw material for example, the following method is known.
  • an upsetting apparatus equipped with a die having a securing portion for securing a bar-shaped raw material, a guide having an insertion hole for holding the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material in a buckling preventing manner, and a punch is prepared.
  • a raw material is secured to the securing portion of the die, and the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material is inserted in the insertion hole of the guide.
  • the guide is moved in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch while axially pressuring the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material by moving the punch, to thereby radially expand the diameter expansion scheduled portion exposed between the tip end portion of the guide and the securing portion of the die (see, e.g., Japanese Unexamined Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2005-59097).
  • This upsetting method has advantages that, for example, buckling of raw material which sometimes occurs at the time of upsetting can be prevented, resulting in an upsetting manufactured product with high quality.
  • an upsetting manufactured product obtained by the above-mentioned upsetting method is sequentially subjected to solution heat treatment, quench hardening, aging treatment, etc., as heat treatment after the upsetting.
  • This heat treatment is important processing for giving prescribed intensity (e.g., tensile strength, proof stress) to an upsetting manufactured product.
  • the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been developed in view of the above-mentioned and/or other problems in the related art.
  • the preferred embodiments of the present invention can significantly improve upon existing methods and/or apparatuses.
  • some embodiments can provide an upsetting method capable of eliminating a correction step by preventing occurrence of quench distortion.
  • some embodiments can provide an upsetting manufactured product obtained by the upsetting method.
  • some embodiments can provide an upsetting apparatus used for the upsetting method.
  • the present invention provides the following means.
  • An upsetting method comprising the steps of:
  • an upsetting apparatus including a forming die having a securing portion for securing a bar-shaped raw material and a cavity, a guide having an insertion hole for holding a diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material in a buckling preventing state, the insertion hole being penetrated and extended in an axial direction, and a punch;
  • the forming die has a plurality of divided members divided by the dividing plane vertically dividing the insertion hole and the cavity, and
  • the raw material is secured to the securing portion of the forming die by clamping a non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion of the raw material between divided grooves of the insertion holes of a plurality of divided members of the forming die.
  • the raw material has a non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion as its axial intermediate portion and diameter expansion scheduled portions at its axial both end portions,
  • each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material in a heated state is placed in the corresponding insertion hole of the guide in a heated state
  • each guide is placed in the cavity of the forming die adjusted in temperature so as to be below the temperature of the raw material
  • both the diameter expansion scheduled portions of the raw material are simultaneously expanded in diameter by moving each guide in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the corresponding punch while simultaneously axially pressurizing each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material with the corresponding punch.
  • a method of manufacturing an upsetting manufactured product comprising the steps of:
  • An upsetting apparatus comprising:
  • a forming die having a securing portion for securing a bar-shaped raw material and a cavity
  • a guide having an insertion hole for holding a diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material in a buckling preventing state, the inserting hole being penetrated and extended in an axial direction;
  • a guide driving apparatus for moving the guide in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch
  • a raw material heating device for heating the raw material
  • a forming die temperature adjusting device for adjusting the forming die so as to be a temperature below a heating temperature of the raw material by the raw material heating device
  • a guide heating device for heating the guide.
  • a forming die having a securing portion for securing the raw material and two cavities;
  • a raw material heating device configured to heat the raw material
  • a forming die temperature adjusting device configured to adjust the forming die so as to be a temperature below the heating temperature of the raw material by the raw material heating device
  • the present invention has the following effects.
  • the diameter expanded portion can be quenched while expanding the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material. Therefore, it is not necessary to execute quench hardening separately. Furthermore, since the raw material is secured to the securing portion of the forming die and the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material is disposed in the cavity in an expanded state at the time of quench hardening, possible quench distortion which may be produced at the time of quench hardening can be prevented. Therefore, a correction step for correcting the quench distortion can be eliminated, resulting in a reduced manufacturing cost.
  • the raw material in a heated state can be set to the forming die and the guide while keeping the high temperature as higher as possible. Therefore, a problem that inadequate quench hardening portions are generated in the raw material due to the temperature drop of the raw material before the upsetting can be prevented, which makes it possible to assuredly increase the intensity of the upsetting manufactured product.
  • the raw material can be assuredly fixed to the securing portion of the forming die, and quench distortion can be prevented assuredly. Furthermore, since the raw material is quickly brought into contact with the forming die at the time of securing the raw material, the raw material can be quickly cooled, resulting in enhanced quench hardening.
  • the quench hardening effect can be demonstrated assuredly, the intensity of the upsetting manufactured product can be enhanced assuredly.
  • solution heat treatment can be assuredly executed to the raw material made of heat-treatment type aluminum alloy.
  • the quench hardening effect of the raw material made of heat-treatment type aluminum alloy can be demonstrated more assuredly, and the intensity of the upsetting manufactured product can be enhanced more assuredly.
  • the quench hardening effect of the raw material made of heat-treatment type aluminum alloy can be demonstrated more assuredly, and the intensity of the upsetting manufactured product can be enhanced more assuredly.
  • an upsetting manufactured product having diameter expanded portions at the axial both end portions can be manufactured efficiently.
  • an upsetting manufactured product with high intensity can be provided.
  • an upsetting manufactured product with higher intensity can be provided.
  • an upsetting apparatus which can be used suitably for the aforementioned upsetting method according to the present invention can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing an upsetting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing the state before setting a raw material to a forming die and both guides of the apparatus;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the state in which a raw material is being inserted in an insertion hole of one of guides with the apparatus;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the state in which diameter expansion scheduled portions of the raw material is disposed in the insertion hole of both guides with the apparatus;
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic plan view showing the state in which the raw material is set to a forming die and both guides with the apparatus;
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic plan view showing the state in which the diameter expansion scheduled portions of the raw material are being expanded with the apparatus;
  • FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 6A ;
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic plan view showing the state in which the diameter expansion scheduled portions of the raw material were expanded in diameter with the apparatus;
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 7A ;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing the state in which an upsetting manufactured product is to be removed from the apparatus
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the apparatus.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic side view of an upsetting manufactured product showing the warpage of the upsetting manufactured product
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic plan view of the upsetting manufactured product showing the bend of the upsetting manufactured product
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of the upsetting manufactured product showing the extraction positions of test pieces.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the apparatus.
  • the reference numeral “ 10 ” denotes an upsetting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reference numeral “ 1 ” denotes a raw material.
  • the reference numeral “ 5 ” denotes an upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 10 of this embodiment.
  • This upsetting manufactured product 5 is used as a preform for manufacturing arms for vehicles, such as, e.g., cars or railroad vehicles.
  • the raw material 1 is a solid and straight bar-shaped material made of heat-treatment type aluminum alloy.
  • the raw material 1 is round in cross-section and constant in diameter in the axial direction.
  • the material of the raw material 1 is not limited to aluminum or aluminum alloy, but can be any metal other than aluminum, such as, e.g., brass, copper, steel, stainless steel.
  • the raw material 1 is not limited to a circular shape in cross-section, and can be a polygonal shape, such as, e.g., a quadrangular shape or a hexagon shape.
  • This raw material 1 has diameter expansion schedule portions at its axial prescribed portions.
  • the axial intermediate portion of the raw material 1 constitutes a non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3
  • the axial end portions thereof constitute diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 and 2 .
  • diameter expanded portions 6 and 6 each having an approximately circular-shape will be formed at the axial both end portions as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • Each diameter expanded portion 6 has laterally expanded portions of an approximately circular-arc shape and has flat surfaces at its thickness sides.
  • the reference numeral “ 7 ” denotes a non-diameter expanded portion of the upsetting manufactured product 5 corresponding to the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 .
  • each diameter expanded portion 6 corresponds to a connecting portion (e.g., a bush mounting portion) to be connected to another component of an arm for vehicles and the non-diameter expanded portion 7 corresponds to a shank of the arm.
  • a connecting portion e.g., a bush mounting portion
  • the upsetting apparatus 10 is used to expand each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 .
  • this upsetting apparatus 10 is provided with a forming die 11 , two guides 20 and 20 , two guide driving apparatuses 25 and 25 , two punches 30 and 30 , two punch driving apparatuses 35 and 35 , a raw material heating device 70 , a forming die temperature adjusting device 40 , and two guide heating devices 50 and 50 , and a raw material insertion apparatus 60 .
  • two guide driving apparatus 25 and 25 are not illustrated.
  • the forming die 11 has a securing portion 13 for securing the raw material 1 and two cavities 12 and 12 formed at both sides of the securing portion 13 .
  • the securing portion 13 has a raw material fixing insertion hole 14 extended in the axial direction of the forming die 11 and communicated with both cavities 12 and 12 .
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is fitted in this insertion hole 14 so that the raw material 1 is fixed immovably in the axial direction thereof.
  • This forming die 11 consists of front and rear divided members 11 a and 11 a divided by a dividing plane 15 vertically dividing the insertion hole 14 and both the cavities 12 and 12 .
  • the forming die driving device 17 is constituted by a fluid pressure cylinder, such as, e.g., an oil pressure cylinder or a gas-pressure cylinder. The operation of these forming die driving device 17 and 17 causes separation or approach of the divided members 11 a and 11 a .
  • the raw material 1 can be secured in a state in which the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the insertion hole 14 formed by the joining of the divided grooves of the insertion hole 14 of the divided members 11 a and 11 a.
  • the forming die temperature adjusting device 40 is used to adjust the temperature of the forming die 11 so that the temperature of the forming die 11 is kept below the temperature of the raw material 1 in a heated state.
  • a liquid cooling jacket such as, e.g., a water-cooling jacket, is attached to each divided member 11 a and 11 a of the forming die 11 .
  • each of the arrows 41 and 42 shows the flow direction of cooling water (i.e., temperature controlling liquid) as cooling fluid passing through the liquid cooling jacket.
  • cooling water i.e., temperature controlling liquid
  • cooling oil can be used as the cooling fluid.
  • the forming die temperature adjusting device 40 controls the temperature of the forming die 11 so as to fall within the temperature range of 5 to 120° C., more preferably 20 to 70° C.
  • Each guide 20 has an insertion hole 21 for holding the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in a buckling preventing state.
  • This insertion hole 21 is penetrated through the guide 20 and extended in the axial direction of the guide 20 .
  • the insertion hole 21 is formed to have the same cross-sectional shape as that of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 , and is capable of fitting the raw material 1 in an axially slidable manner.
  • the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is held in a buckling preventing state by inserting the raw material 1 in the insertion hole 21 and disposing the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in the insertion hole 21 .
  • each guide 20 is formed to be smaller than the rear end portion of this guide 20 .
  • an inlet portion 21 a of the insertion hole 21 for inserting the raw material 1 into the insertion hole 21 is formed.
  • an outlet portion 21 b of the insertion hole 21 for the raw material 1 for coming out of the insertion hole 21 is formed.
  • Each guide heating device 50 is provided for heating each guide 20 .
  • a bar-shaped electric heating element (electric heater) is mounted in the guide 20 .
  • Each guide heating device 50 is provided to heat each guide 20 to the temperature range of 170 to 500° C., more preferably 200 to 350° C.
  • Each punch 30 pressurizes the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in the axial direction thereof. Both the punches 30 and 30 are disposed at both axial ends of the raw material 1 in an opposed manner.
  • Each punch driving apparatus 35 is configured to move the corresponding punch 30 in the axial direction of the raw material 1 , and connected to the corresponding punch 30 .
  • the operation of the punch driving apparatus 35 causes the movement of the punch 30 to thereby axially pressurize the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the punch 30 .
  • a fluid pressure cylinder such as, e.g., an oil pressure, or a gas-pressure cylinder, is used as the punch driving apparatus 35 .
  • Each guide driving apparatus 25 is configured to move each guide 20 in a direction 27 opposite to the moving direction 37 of the corresponding punch 30 (i.e., the direction of pressurizing the raw material diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 with the punch 30 ) (see FIG. 6B ).
  • a fluid pressure cylinder such as, e.g., a hydraulic cylinder or a gas-pressure cylinder, as the guide driving apparatus 25 is connected to the guide 20 via a connecting member 26 .
  • the guide driving apparatuses 25 and the connecting members 26 are not illustrated.
  • the raw material insertion apparatus 60 is configured to slidably insert the raw material 1 into the insertion hole 21 of one of the guides 20 from the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 .
  • This raw material insertion apparatus 60 has a raw material loading base 61 for disposing the raw material 1 in a heated state, and a raw material pushing device 62 for pushing the raw material 1 disposed on the raw material loading base 61 into the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20 .
  • a rodless cylinder is used as the raw material pushing device 62 .
  • the reference numeral “ 63 ” denotes a pushing portion of the raw material pushing device 62 . This pushing portion 63 is slidably moved along the linear guide of the raw material pushing device 62 .
  • One of the punch driving apparatuses 35 and 35 and the raw material insertion apparatus 60 are installed on a common movable stage 80 movable in the horizontal direction (i.e., backward and forward).
  • the raw material insertion apparatus 60 can be moved to the position of the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 , or the punch 30 of the punch driving apparatus 35 can be moved to the position of the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 .
  • a fluid pressure cylinder such as, e.g., a hydraulic cylinder or a gas-pressure cylinder, as the movable stage driving device 81 , is connected to the movable stage 80 .
  • the raw material heating device 70 is used to heat the raw material 1 .
  • a heating furnace such as, e.g., an electric furnace, is placed near the raw material insertion apparatus 60 .
  • the raw material heating device 70 is configured to heat the raw material 1 to the temperature range of 400 to 570° C., more preferably 430 to 560° C., still more preferably 510 to 560° C.
  • the entire raw material 1 is heated in advance to the solution heat treatment temperature of this raw material 1 with the raw material heating device 70 .
  • this raw material 1 is made of heat-treatment type aluminum alloy
  • the raw material 1 is heated in advance to the temperature range of 400 to 570° C., preferably 430 to 560° C., more preferably 510 to 560° C., as the solution heat treatment temperature. Heating the raw material 1 to this temperature range results in decreased deformation resistance of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 and enables assured solution heat treatment of the raw material 1 . Consequently, the quench hardening effect of the raw material 1 can be assuredly demonstrated, and the upsetting manufactured product 5 can be assuredly increased in strength.
  • the heating temperature of the raw material 1 by the raw material heating device 70 is suitably set in accordance with the type of the material of the raw material 1 .
  • the heating temperature range of the raw material 1 preferably falls within the range of 400 to 570° C., more preferably 430 to 560° C., still more preferably 510 to 560° C.
  • the heating temperature range of the raw material 1 preferably falls within the range of 450 to 570° C., more preferably 490 to 540° C.
  • the heating temperature range of the raw material 1 preferably falls within the range of 500 to 570° C., more preferably 510 to 560° C. In cases where the raw material 1 is made of 7xxx series heat-treated type aluminum alloy, the heating temperature range of the raw material 1 preferably falls within the range of 430 to 510° C., more preferably 450 to 500° C.
  • Both the divided members 11 a and 11 a of the forming die 11 are set so as to be separated slightly (for example, several mm). Moreover, both the divided members 11 a and 11 a of the forming die 11 are adjusted (cooled) in temperature beforehand with the forming die temperature adjusting device 40 so that the temperature of the divided members 11 a and 11 a heated by the raw material heating device 70 falls within the range of 5 to 120° C., more preferably 20 to 70° C. below the temperature of the raw material 1 in the heated state. By adjusting the temperature of both the divided members 11 a and 11 a so as to fall within this temperature range, the quench hardening effect can be further assuredly demonstrated, resulting in an upsetting manufactured product 5 further increased in intensity.
  • both the guides 20 and 20 are heated in advance to the temperature range of 170 to 500° C., more preferably 200 to 350° C. by the guide heating devices 50 and 50 .
  • the raw material 1 in a heated state can be maintained in a high temperature state until immediately before the upsetting, and also can equalize the temperature of this raw material 1 .
  • both the guides 20 and 20 are not heated, the following problem arises. Namely, if the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is placed in the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20 in a non-heated state, the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 falls in temperature when the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 is brought into contact with the peripheral surface of the insertion hole 21 . Consequently, the deformation resistance of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 increases, which make it difficult to expand the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 . In order to avoid this problem, it is necessary to heat both the guides 20 and 20 .
  • the raw material insertion apparatus 60 is moved in advance to the position of the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 with the movable stage driving device 81 .
  • the raw material 1 in a heated state is taken out from the raw material heating device 70 and disposed on the raw material loading base 61 of the raw material insertion apparatus 60 .
  • this raw material 1 is slidably inserted into the insertion hole 21 of one of the guides 20 and 20 from the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 .
  • the movable stage 80 is moved with the movable stage driving device 81 to thereby move the punch 30 and the punch driving apparatus 35 to the position of the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 .
  • the punch 30 is moved with the punch driving apparatus 35 to push the raw material 1 so that each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 are placed in the corresponding insertion holes 21 and 21 of the guides 20 and 20 in a heated state.
  • both the divided members 11 a and 11 a of the forming die 11 are approached mutually with the forming die driving devices 17 and 17 to thereby clamp the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 between the divided grooves of the insertion hole 14 of both the divided members 11 a and 11 a .
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is secured to the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 in a state in which the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 is fitted in the insertion hole 14 formed by the integration of the divided grooves of the divided members 11 a and 11 a .
  • at least the tip end portion of each guide 20 is placed in the corresponding cavity 12 of the forming die 11 .
  • the raw material 1 is set to the forming die 11 and the both the guides 20 and 20 .
  • both the punches 30 and 30 are simultaneously moved by both the punch driving apparatus 35 and 35 to simultaneously axially pressurize each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the corresponding punch 30 .
  • each guide 20 is moved in a direction 27 opposite to the moving direction 37 of the corresponding punch 30 with both the guide driving apparatuses 25 and 25 .
  • both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion of each guide 20 and 20 and the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 are simultaneously expanded in diameter within the cavities 12 and 12 of the forming die 11 .
  • each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 is pressurized with the corresponding punch 30 .
  • each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 it is preferable to perform the pressurization of each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 as quickly as possible in a short time period simultaneously with or immediately after the securing the raw material 1 to the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 .
  • the reason is as follows. When the raw material 1 is secured to the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 , the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 will be partially cooled due to the contact with the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 .
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 falls in temperature than the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 and 2 , causing temperature variation of the raw material 1 .
  • the raw material 1 is pressurized simultaneously with or immediately after the securing of the raw material 1 to the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 .
  • the raw material 1 can be maintained in temperature uniformly, which in turn can assuredly increase the strength of the upsetting manufactured product 5 .
  • diameter expanded portions 6 and 6 each having an approximately circular-shape 6 are formed at the axial end portions of the raw material 1 as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the traveling speed of the punch 30 and the traveling speed of the guide 20 are set depending on the diameter expansion designed shape of each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 . Moreover, these traveling speeds can be constant or fluctuated.
  • the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is gradually expanded in the cavity 12 in accordance with the movements of the punch 30 and the guide 20 .
  • the contact-surface area of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 and the peripheral surface of the cavity 12 increases gradually. Therefore, the diameter expanded portion 6 is cooled quickly while the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 being expanded in diameter.
  • both the divided members 11 a and 11 a of the forming die 11 are detached with the forming die driving devices 17 and 17 .
  • the raw material 1 is taken out of the forming die 11 to thereby obtain the upsetting manufactured product 5 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the obtained upsetting manufactured product 5 is subjected to aging treatment, such as, e.g., artificial-aging treatment or natural-aging treatment, as heat treatment after the upsetting.
  • aging treatment such as, e.g., artificial-aging treatment or natural-aging treatment
  • the conditions of this aging treatment are suitably set depending on the type of the material of the raw material 1 , and the aging treatment is executed to the raw material 1 under the conventional conditions.
  • the aging treatment it is preferable to execute the aging treatment at the aging temperature of 150 to 210° C., more preferably 160 to 190° C. for 5 to 10 hours, more preferably 7 to 9 hours as the retention time of the aging temperature.
  • the raw material 1 and the guides 20 are heated at the time of expanding the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 , and the forming die 11 is adjusted in temperature so as to be below the heating temperature of the raw material 1 . Therefore, non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is cooled and quenched by the contact with the peripheral surface of the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 , and each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is cooled and quenched by the contact with the peripheral surface of the cavity 12 while being expanded. Therefore, the diameter expanded portion 6 can be quenched while expanding the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 .
  • the diameter expansion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 and the quench hardening of the diameter expanded portion 6 can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, in this upsetting method, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to perform a quench hardening step separately. Furthermore, at the time of quench hardening, the raw material 1 is secured to the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 and the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of this raw material 1 is placed in the cavity 12 in the expanded state within the cavity 12 . Therefore, possible quench distortion which may occur at the time of quench hardening can be prevented. This enables elimination of a correction step for correcting quench distortion, resulting in a reduced manufacturing cost.
  • the raw material 1 in a heated state is inserted into the insertion hole 21 of one of the guides 20 and 20 from the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 , the raw material 1 can be set to the forming die 11 and both the guides 20 and 20 while maintaining the raw material 1 in a high temperature maintained state. Therefore, it becomes possible to prevent a drawback that the raw material 1 falls in temperature before the upsetting to cause a portion with inadequate quench hardening, which in turn can assuredly attain the high intensity of the upsetting manufactured product 5 .
  • the temperature of the raw material 1 can be maintained uniformly until immediately before the upsetting. Therefore, the intensity of he upsetting manufactured product 5 can be assuredly further increased.
  • the raw material 1 can be firmly secured to the securing portion 13 of the forming die 11 by clamping the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 between the divided grooves of the insertion holes 14 of both the divided members 11 a and 11 a of the forming die 11 . Furthermore, quench distortion can be prevented assuredly. Furthermore, since the raw material 1 is quickly brought into contact with the forming die 11 at the time of securing the raw material 1 , the raw material 1 can be quickly cooled, which further enhances the quench hardening effect.
  • solution heat treatment can be assuredly performed to the raw material 1 by heating the raw material 1 to a prescribed temperature range as solution heat treatment temperature of the raw material 1 .
  • the quench hardening effect can be demonstrated more assuredly, which makes it possible to increase the intensity of the upsetting manufactured product 5 more assuredly.
  • the upsetting manufactured product 5 in which diameter expanded portions 6 and 6 are formed at both axial end portions can be manufactured efficiently.
  • an upsetting manufactured product 5 as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • this upsetting manufactured product 5 the entire axial end portions of the raw material 1 are expanded into diameter expanded portions 6 and 6 .
  • the present invention is not limited to the case in which the a preform for an arm for vehicles is manufactured, but also can be applied to the case in which a preform for various products, such as, e.g., a connecting rod for vehicles, or a double-headed piston for compressors, is manufactured.
  • a diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of a raw material 1 can be located at only one portion, such as, e.g., an axial intermediate portion of the raw material 1 or one axial end portion thereof.
  • the punch 30 can be heated or cooled.
  • the raw material 1 can be an extruded material, a casting material, a rolled materials, such as, e.g., a continuously cast rolled material manufactured by the Properzi method, or another material manufactured by any other methods.
  • raw materials 1 As raw materials 1 , a plurality of heat-treatment type aluminum alloy extruded materials whose alloy number is 6061 according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) were prepared. The diameter of the raw material 1 was 16 mm. Each raw material 1 was subjected to the upsetting method shown in the aforementioned embodiment. At this time, the heating temperature of the raw material 1 , the heating temperature of both the guides 20 and 20 , the temperature of the forming die 11 , the setting method of the raw material 1 , and the heat treatment after the upsetting were variously changed as explained below.
  • JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
  • the warpage “a” and the bend “b” of the obtained upsetting manufactured product 5 were measured (see FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B ). Moreover, as the mechanical strength of the upsetting manufactured product 5 , the tensile strength and the 0.2% proof stress of each of the non-diameter expanded portions 7 and the diameter expanded portions 6 of the upsetting manufactured products 5 were measured.
  • FIG. 10A shows the amount of warpage of the upsetting manufactured product 5 .
  • FIG. 10B shows the amount of bend of the upsetting manufactured product 5 .
  • FIG. 11 shows the extraction position of the test piece T 1 for measuring the tensile strength of the non-diameter expanded portion 7 of the upsetting manufactured product 5 and the 0.2% proof stress, and the extraction position of the test piece T 2 for measuring the tensile strength and the 0.2% proof stress of the diameter expanded portion 6 .
  • the raw material 1 was set to the forming die 11 and both the guides 20 and 20 by inserting the raw material 1 into the insertion hole 21 of one of the guides 20 from the insertion hole inlet portion 21 a of the rear end portion of the guide 20 .
  • the raw material 1 was set to the forming die 11 and both the guides 20 and 20 by directly setting it between the divided members 11 a and 11 a of the forming die 11 from the side thereof.
  • the upsetting manufactured product 5 was subjected to the artificial-aging processing under the conditions of 190° C. ⁇ 8 hours after the upsetting.
  • the upsetting manufactured product 5 was subjected to solution heat treatment under the conditions of 530° C. ⁇ 3 hours and solution heat treatment in order, and then the upsetting manufactured product 5 was subjected to artificial aging treatment under the conditions of 190° C. ⁇ 8 hours.
  • Example 1 the guide 20 was heated and the temperature control of the forming die 11 was performed at the time of the upsetting.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 3 the guide 20 was heated and the temperature control of the forming die 11 was not performed at the time of the upsetting.
  • Comparative Example 4 the guide 20 was not heated and the temperature control of the forming die 11 was performed at the time of the upsetting.
  • Comparative Example 1 the non-diameter expanded portion 7 and the diameter expanded portion 6 were low in tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress. In Comparative Example 2, the warpage and the bend were large. In Comparative Example 3, the non-diameter expanded portion 7 and the diameter expanded portion 6 were relatively low in tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress. In Comparative Example 4, the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 could not be expanded in diameter. The reason is as follows.
  • the present invention can be applied to an upsetting method and an upsetting apparatus for manufacturing various products, such as, e.g., a double-headed piston of an arm, a connecting rod, or a compressor for vehicles (automobiles or railroad vehicles).
  • the term “preferably” is non-exclusive and means “preferably, but not limited to.”
  • means-plus-function or step-plus-function limitations will only be employed where for a specific claim limitation all of the following conditions are present in that limitation: a) “means for” or “step for” is expressly recited; b) a corresponding function is expressly recited; and c) structure, material or acts that support that structure are not recited.
  • the terminology “present invention” or “invention” may be used as a reference to one or more aspect within the present disclosure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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US11/917,815 2005-06-17 2006-06-16 Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus Abandoned US20090217730A1 (en)

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JP2005-177991 2005-06-17
JP2005177991 2005-06-17
US69340705P 2005-06-24 2005-06-24
US11/917,815 US20090217730A1 (en) 2005-06-17 2006-06-16 Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus
PCT/JP2006/312567 WO2006135112A1 (en) 2005-06-17 2006-06-16 Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus

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CN103949530A (zh) * 2014-04-15 2014-07-30 漳州永裕隆精密五金有限公司 一种滑轮保护架侧孔加工工艺
US20150352627A1 (en) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-10 Amanda Bent-Bolt Company Cold formed product and method for making
CN113102669A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-13 杭州汽轮铸锻有限公司 20Cr13镦粗加热装置及镦粗加热工艺

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CN105178517A (zh) * 2015-10-27 2015-12-23 周桂香 一种高强钢筋的镦头式套管机械连接及其实施方法
CN116713419B (zh) * 2023-06-26 2024-07-23 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 提高13Cr10Mo1W1VNbN燃气轮机轮盘锻件力学性能的热加工方法和系统

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US5186475A (en) * 1991-05-09 1993-02-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Gasket having retainer element for reed valve integrally formed therewith
US5483867A (en) * 1993-10-01 1996-01-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Swash plate compressor with sufficiently lubricated shoes
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US20150352627A1 (en) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-10 Amanda Bent-Bolt Company Cold formed product and method for making
CN113102669A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-13 杭州汽轮铸锻有限公司 20Cr13镦粗加热装置及镦粗加热工艺

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KR20080011701A (ko) 2008-02-05
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WO2006135112A1 (en) 2006-12-21

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