US20090194096A1 - Method and apparatus for concentrating optical radiation using light trapping elements - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for concentrating optical radiation using light trapping elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090194096A1
US20090194096A1 US12/012,688 US1268808A US2009194096A1 US 20090194096 A1 US20090194096 A1 US 20090194096A1 US 1268808 A US1268808 A US 1268808A US 2009194096 A1 US2009194096 A1 US 2009194096A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
holographic
planar
solar energy
transparent
concentrator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/012,688
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Simon
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US12/012,688 priority Critical patent/US20090194096A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2009/000616 priority patent/WO2009099566A2/fr
Publication of US20090194096A1 publication Critical patent/US20090194096A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of light collectors and more particularly to an optical concentrator that uses light trapping elements.
  • Rosenberg's concentrator generally uses a holographic optical film mounted on or affixed to one face of a highly transparent planar plate (such as a sheet of glass used in a window) along with a solar energy collecting device (such as a photovoltaic cell).
  • the holographic film directs light into the transparent plate at such an angle that it totally internally reflects (Total Internal Reflection—TIR) within the transparent plate and travels through the plate to the solar energy collecting device, much the way light travels along a fiber optic.
  • TIR Total Internal Reflection
  • TIR is a well understood physical phenomena in which light traveling within a high index material strikes a surface between the high index and a low index material at an angle larger than some critical angle (relative to the surface normal) and this light is reflected by the surface such that it remains in the higher index material.
  • Rosenberg concentrates on techniques such as holographic spatial and angular multiplexing as methods to reduce light loses from his optical concentrator, there are other simpler techniques that may be used to enhance the light trapping aspects of such a device and thereby improve its efficiency.
  • the present invention relates to using simple design elements such as holographic optical concentrators, transparent plates, and reflective elements to increase the amount of solar radiation arriving at a light collecting cell surface.
  • the present invention mounts solar energy collecting devices along one edge of a transparent planar plate. The remaining edges of the plate have a reflective surface or coating.
  • the solar energy collecting device is used in a building integrated photo-voltaic (BIPV) application such as a multi-pane window or other glazing element
  • locating the solar energy collecting device along one edge of the transparent planar plate also means the solar energy collecting device is captured, with its associated wiring, within and along one part of the window frame. Capturing the solar energy collecting device within the window frame provides a uniform visual appearance which may improve the aesthetics of the BIPV product.
  • the transport, installation and maintenance/replacement of the product can be simplified because fewer connections between windows are necessary.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a prior art holographic planar concentrator (HPC) as it might look in a window frame, with the solar collecting energy device located along the bottom edge.
  • HPC holographic planar concentrator
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art holographic planar concentrator (HPC) showing a solar energy collecting device along the bottom edge.
  • HPC holographic planar concentrator
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention including a holographic planar concentrator (HPC) with reflective surfaces along three edges and solar energy collecting device along the bottom edge.
  • HPC holographic planar concentrator
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention including a holographic planar concentrator (HPC) showing the holographic film on one face (right), a solar energy collecting device along bottom edge, and the reflective surface along the top edge and one side.
  • HPC holographic planar concentrator
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention including a holographic planar concentrator (HPC) showing the holographic film on one face (bottom), the reflective surface along two edges (the right and left side) and a solar energy collecting device seen through the transparent plate.
  • HPC holographic planar concentrator
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention including a holographic planar concentrator (HPC) with the transparent plate, reflective surface three edges, solar energy collecting device along the bottom and holographic film on the front face.
  • HPC holographic planar concentrator
  • the present invention uses simple design elements such as holographic optical concentrators, transparent plates, and reflective elements to increase the amount of solar radiation arriving at a light collecting cell surface.
  • Solar energy collecting devices can be mounted along one edge of a transparent planar plate, while the remaining edges of the plate can have a reflective surface or coating.
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art method of constructing a holographic planar concentrator (HPC) ( 10 ) as it might appear inside a window frame.
  • HPC holographic planar concentrator
  • Three principle elements of a prior art holographic planar concentrator ( 10 ) are shown, a transparent planar plate ( 20 ) with a holographic film ( 15 ) attached to one face ( 22 ) and a solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) located along at least one edge ( 24 ).
  • the holographic film ( 15 ) may have one or more repeated diffractive grating structures recorded onto it capable of bending light as desired.
  • the transparent planar plate ( 20 ) has two opposing faces ( 22 , 23 ), each of which has a large surface area, and four edges ( 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ) each of which has a small surface area, relative to the surface area of a face.
  • the holographic film ( 15 ) bends light into the transparent planar plate ( 20 ) at such an angle that it totally internally reflects (TIR) upon striking either face ( 22 , 23 ) until the light hits the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) or escapes the plate.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view of the prior art holographic planar concentrator ( 10 ) which shows the holographic film ( 15 ) attached to one face ( 22 ) and the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) located along the bottom edge ( 24 ) of the transparent planar plate ( 20 ).
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention including a holographic planar concentrator with reflectors ( 12 ).
  • the reflective surface ( 32 ) or coating prevents light traveling within the plate due to total internal reflection from leaving the plate at an edge via transmission; instead the light is reflected back into the plate increasing the probability that the light will strike the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ).
  • One type of reflective coating can be a thin metal layer or foil or a reflective stick-on tape. Other types include coatings that can be painted on or otherwise put on. Any type of reflective surface or coating is within the scope of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4-5 show cross-section views of an embodiment of the invention which includes a holographic planar concentrator with reflectors ( 12 ).
  • FIG. 4 shows the holographic film ( 15 ) attached to one face ( 22 ) on the right, and the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) located along the bottom edge ( 24 ) of the transparent planar plate ( 20 ), plus the reflective surface ( 32 ) or coating located along the top edge ( 26 ).
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 4 showing the holographic film ( 15 ) on one face (bottom), the reflective surface ( 32 ) along two edges (the right and left side), and a solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) seen through the transparent plate.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exploded or assembly view of an embodiment of the invention including a holographic planar concentrator with reflectors ( 12 ). This view is useful in depicting how the various elements relate, including how the holographic film ( 15 ), the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ), and the reflective surfaces ( 32 ), or coatings, should be applied, mounted, or attached to the transparent planar plate ( 20 ).
  • An alternate embodiment of this invention uses a smaller solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) that only partially covers one edge ( 24 ) of the transparent planar plate ( 20 ). The remaining portion(s) of the partially covered edge ( 24 ) would then have the reflective surface ( 32 ) or coating added.
  • An alternate embodiment of this invention uses the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) that covers two opposing edges ( 24 , 26 ) of the transparent planar plate ( 20 ). The reflective surface ( 32 ) or coating would then be added to the remaining opposing edges ( 25 , 27 ).
  • Another alternate embodiment of the invention maintains the location and orientation of the holographic film ( 15 ) attached to one face ( 22 ) of the prior art HPC as shown in FIG. 1 , but has the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) mounted on the opposite face ( 23 ), and adds the reflective surface ( 32 ) or coating to (all) the edges ( 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ) that do not contain the solar energy collecting device ( 30 ).
  • the device could have a solar energy collecting device ( 30 ) both on a face and one or more edges of the plate with the other edges having a reflective surface ( 32 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
US12/012,688 2008-02-05 2008-02-05 Method and apparatus for concentrating optical radiation using light trapping elements Abandoned US20090194096A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/012,688 US20090194096A1 (en) 2008-02-05 2008-02-05 Method and apparatus for concentrating optical radiation using light trapping elements
PCT/US2009/000616 WO2009099566A2 (fr) 2008-02-05 2009-01-30 Procédé et appareil pour concentrer un rayonnement optique à l’aide d’éléments de piégeage de lumière

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/012,688 US20090194096A1 (en) 2008-02-05 2008-02-05 Method and apparatus for concentrating optical radiation using light trapping elements

Publications (1)

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US20090194096A1 true US20090194096A1 (en) 2009-08-06

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WO (1) WO2009099566A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100133422A1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 Industrial Technology Research Institute Light concentrating module
WO2016183201A1 (fr) * 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Nitto Denko Corporation Systèmes pour capter l'énergie solaire à l'aide d'éléments optiques holographiques utiles pour la construction d'éléments photovoltaïques intégrés
US9523516B2 (en) 2008-12-30 2016-12-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Broadband reflectors, concentrated solar power systems, and methods of using the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201413156D0 (en) 2014-07-24 2014-09-10 Bowater Holographic Res Ltd And Harman Technology Ltd Holographic windows

Citations (22)

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US3419434A (en) * 1964-07-21 1968-12-31 Martin Marietta Corp Solar cell assemblies
US3427200A (en) * 1964-09-24 1969-02-11 Aerojet General Co Light concentrator type photovoltaic panel having clamping means for retaining photovoltaic cell
US4078747A (en) * 1974-08-13 1978-03-14 Phaser Telepropulsion, Inc. Orbiting solar power station
US4095997A (en) * 1976-10-07 1978-06-20 Griffiths Kenneth F Combined solar cell and hot air collector apparatus
US4127425A (en) * 1978-03-31 1978-11-28 Atlantic Richfield Company Luminescent solar collector
US4140544A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-02-20 Atlantic Richfield Company Divergent luminescent collector for photovoltaic device
US4248643A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-02-03 Walter Todd Peters Solar energy conversion panel
US4292957A (en) * 1979-11-23 1981-10-06 Golder John C Solar oven
US4329535A (en) * 1978-05-03 1982-05-11 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar cells and collector structures
US4637376A (en) * 1985-07-08 1987-01-20 Varney J Arnold High efficiency solar heater
US4711972A (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-12-08 Entech, Inc. Photovoltaic cell cover for use with a primary optical concentrator in a solar energy collector
US4867134A (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-09-19 Brien Philip T O Fluid-heating solar collector
US5268985A (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-12-07 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Light-guiding device having a hologram layer
US5409550A (en) * 1991-01-22 1995-04-25 Safir; Yakov Solar cell module
US5511537A (en) * 1994-05-12 1996-04-30 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Smart, passive sun facing surfaces
US5877874A (en) * 1995-08-24 1999-03-02 Terrasun L.L.C. Device for concentrating optical radiation
US5994641A (en) * 1998-04-24 1999-11-30 Ase Americas, Inc. Solar module having reflector between cells
US6087579A (en) * 1997-03-26 2000-07-11 Muskatevc; Mark S. Method and apparatus for directing solar energy to solar energy collecting cells
US6091017A (en) * 1999-08-23 2000-07-18 Composite Optics Incorporated Solar concentrator array
US6274860B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2001-08-14 Terrasun, Llc Device for concentrating optical radiation
US20050022858A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-03 Sunpower Corporation Compact micro-concentrator for photovoltaic cells
US20070171418A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2007-07-26 Nyhart Eldon H Jr Communication Terminal Apparatus And Wireless Transmission Method

Patent Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3419434A (en) * 1964-07-21 1968-12-31 Martin Marietta Corp Solar cell assemblies
US3427200A (en) * 1964-09-24 1969-02-11 Aerojet General Co Light concentrator type photovoltaic panel having clamping means for retaining photovoltaic cell
US4078747A (en) * 1974-08-13 1978-03-14 Phaser Telepropulsion, Inc. Orbiting solar power station
US4095997A (en) * 1976-10-07 1978-06-20 Griffiths Kenneth F Combined solar cell and hot air collector apparatus
US4127425A (en) * 1978-03-31 1978-11-28 Atlantic Richfield Company Luminescent solar collector
US4329535A (en) * 1978-05-03 1982-05-11 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar cells and collector structures
US4140544A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-02-20 Atlantic Richfield Company Divergent luminescent collector for photovoltaic device
US4248643A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-02-03 Walter Todd Peters Solar energy conversion panel
US4292957A (en) * 1979-11-23 1981-10-06 Golder John C Solar oven
US4711972A (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-12-08 Entech, Inc. Photovoltaic cell cover for use with a primary optical concentrator in a solar energy collector
US4637376A (en) * 1985-07-08 1987-01-20 Varney J Arnold High efficiency solar heater
US4867134A (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-09-19 Brien Philip T O Fluid-heating solar collector
US5409550A (en) * 1991-01-22 1995-04-25 Safir; Yakov Solar cell module
US5268985A (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-12-07 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Light-guiding device having a hologram layer
US5511537A (en) * 1994-05-12 1996-04-30 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Smart, passive sun facing surfaces
US5877874A (en) * 1995-08-24 1999-03-02 Terrasun L.L.C. Device for concentrating optical radiation
US6087579A (en) * 1997-03-26 2000-07-11 Muskatevc; Mark S. Method and apparatus for directing solar energy to solar energy collecting cells
US5994641A (en) * 1998-04-24 1999-11-30 Ase Americas, Inc. Solar module having reflector between cells
US6274860B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2001-08-14 Terrasun, Llc Device for concentrating optical radiation
US6091017A (en) * 1999-08-23 2000-07-18 Composite Optics Incorporated Solar concentrator array
US20070171418A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2007-07-26 Nyhart Eldon H Jr Communication Terminal Apparatus And Wireless Transmission Method
US20050022858A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-03 Sunpower Corporation Compact micro-concentrator for photovoltaic cells

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100133422A1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 Industrial Technology Research Institute Light concentrating module
US8183519B2 (en) * 2008-12-03 2012-05-22 Industrial Technology Research Institute Light concentrating module
US9523516B2 (en) 2008-12-30 2016-12-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Broadband reflectors, concentrated solar power systems, and methods of using the same
WO2016183201A1 (fr) * 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Nitto Denko Corporation Systèmes pour capter l'énergie solaire à l'aide d'éléments optiques holographiques utiles pour la construction d'éléments photovoltaïques intégrés

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Publication number Publication date
WO2009099566A3 (fr) 2009-12-30
WO2009099566A2 (fr) 2009-08-13

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